wZi kni

Lvj` mvjvn&Dwb

cKvkbxt
kvKviv eyKwWmwUweDkb mUvi
M/2, cMwZ ^iYx
myev bRi fvjx kwcs gj
kvnRv`cyi, Myjkvb, XvKv -1212
dvbt 8858158, 8899277
gvevBjt 01552-634814
ISBN-978-984-33-3026-9
M ^vaxKvixt
Lvj` mvjvn&Dwb
01778223755
g~j t 180.00 UvKv
2|

DrmM
Rsjx ej WvKZvg
hvK
mB bvRgyb bvnvi
Avi
iwZv U K...

3|

fwgKv ..................................................................................................8
KZZv .............................................................................................. 10
jvK bv_ fvPvh .............................................................................. 12
cyivbv w`bi K_v ................................................................................ 14
cyivbv m w`bi wZ ........................................................................... 16
knii Mvovcb.................................................................................. 17
knii gweKvk .................................................................................. 18
ivRivoxZ ijIqi cmvi I knii Mvov cb .......................................... 29
Avgvi zjjv ..................................................................................... 56
eyeyi KjKvZv hvv................................................................................. 60
c_g KjKvZv hvv ................................................................................ 63
jxKvji ivRv .................................................................................. 64
^`kx Av`vjb ................................................................................... 67
wZxq wekhyi wZ.............................................................................. 70
wZZ AvMi w`bi C` ........................................................................ 72
c~ecyilmw`b _K AvR ........................................................................ 80
mB mgqi ^v mevq wbqvwRZ wQjb huviv............................................ 100
cvi Bwjk........................................................................................ 104
cLg hyMi Kvgiv .............................................................................. 107
c`eR wekgY ................................................................................. 110

4|

QvcvLvbv ........................................................................................... 111

wekhy, `ywf, cvwKvb cwZv .............................................................. 112
fvlv Av`jb, ^vaxbZv hy ................................................................... 112
nvwZi gZy I mrKvi ............................................................................ 115
wewoi KvwiKi .................................................................................... 115
Avgv`i eocyj .................................................................................. 118
BUvwjqvb nvUj K_v .......................................................................... 123
Gang of forty ................................................................................ 126
DRY ICE AND CARBONC GAS FACTORY ............................. 127
wgwj Zzwg Kvi? ................................................................................... 129
w_qUvi / hvv ................................................................................... 131
wewQb wKQy hv AvRv gbK `vjv `q...................................................... 133
wUwe Wvi ......................................................................................... 139
gb_ mb, e`veb P` `vm, Mvwe` jvwnwo Avi myeva wmK`vi...................... 142
wbfZ gayi fvebvi Aemi ................................................................... 147
cyivbv w`bi wZiv Rgvq fxi ........................................................... 147
RIni jvj bni .................................................................... 147
wewP me mxiv Avgvi ......................................................................... 151
wmwKi evRvi ...................................................................................... 152
BqvKze nvmb .................................................................................... 154

5|

Rjco cvZvbo ................................................................................ 155

KgiW Av fivR ............................................................................. 156
gvvi gkvB mgi wms............................................................................ 164
Qjejvq Nvovq Pov......................................................................... 168
evOjvi Y bv Yx AvRgLvb.................................................................. 172
Avvm Avjx wgqv ................................................................................ 174
Awbj mvay (Awbj Kzgvi Ki) .................................................................. 178
bvbv evoxi wZ ................................................................................. 179
AwZ_x cvwLiv..................................................................................... 182
gjcvovi j^ygvnb ............................................................................ 182
Lyiig / Avwbm .................................................................................... 183
AvM&by Avgvi `v`vevey ........................................................................... 185
XvKvi ez .......................................................................................... 186
Kvkx Luv Iid Mvjvg cxi Payix ........................................................... 187
Avgvi bvbx ........................................................................................ 188
fv`y wgqv (kixd gvt byij nK).............................................................. 189
QvU evbi gZzNv ........................................................................... 195
Avt nvwjg wekvm................................................................................. 196
gM, nvgv`, wdwix, cZzMxR Rj`my ......................................................... 200
WvKvZ .............................................................................................. 204

6|

Vvi .......................................................................................... 204

wbwk KzUz^ ...................................................................................... 205
VMx/ duvmyo/AviZzjyKi/ZKvji ........................................................ 205
eMx ......................................................................................... 207
Elementary Road .......................................................................... 208
gvvi wbqvM.................................................................................... 209
ivRevox Aji K_ fvlv .................................................................... 209
Qbvg...................................................................................... 210

7|

fwgKv
Avgvi evev, huvi mvb wnme Zuvi jLv eBqi f~wgKv jLvi myhvM
Avgvi Rxebi AbZg cvw | mvb wnme Zuvi ewPgq Rxebi AvgivI
Askx`vi | evev KLbI wjLeb Zv jLv i Kivi AvM ch evevi gZ
Avgv`iI aviYv wQjbv | evev wjLj fvj Kieb Zv Abyaveb Kiv mI
ZuK wjLZ DrmvwnZ Kiv miKg fve nq IVwb Zvi KgeZvi Kvib
| GLb gb nQ Aviv AvMB ZvwM` `Iqv cqvRb wQj |
Avgvi evev wnme bq, ew wnme weePbv Kij Zui Rxeb
^Z I ewPgq | Avi `kRbi Pq GKUz Avjv`v | Avgv`i Qj
ejvq hLb Avi `kUv cwievii wcZv-cy mK wQj `~iZi ZLbB
mgvRi Dv kvZ evev Avgv`i wQjb ezi gZ | Rxeb e NvZ
cwZNvZ ZuvK AwZg KiZ nqQ | KLbI RxweKvi ZvMx` KLbI
KZei LvwZi| Ze KLIB Av`kPyZ nIqv Zuvi Rxebi j wQj bv ev
Avgv`iKI wkv `bwb|
Ljvayjv, bvUK, mvswZK Ab _K mvgvwRK KgKv wQj Zvi
mvewbK wePib | cwZwU welq A`w w`q weePbvi wQj wePbZv |
ZvB AwZ mvavib Rxeb Rvcb KiI nZ ciQb mKjK wcqfvRb |
cwZvwbK jLvcov A _vKjI BwZnvm, mvwnZ, BsiRx I
eZgvb wekI hKvb NUbvq _vKZb up to date | QvU ejv _KB
evevK eB coZ `L AvmwQ | Zuvi eBqi hvMvb`vZvI wQjb AbK |
`vKvb emB eB co djZb hv Awg Pv Ki `LwQ gbmshvM
ivKiv KZ KwVb | `vKvbiB GK Kvb em g~jevb MelYvagx
HwZnvwmK Z_ m^wjZ jLvUv klI Ki djb | Ze Avgvi gZ GUv
kl bq KviY Aviv e welq AvQ hv wZwb BQ KiB Af~ Kibwb
mgq ^Zv I Avgv`i cKvk Kievi ZvwM` _K |
Avgvi wekvm Zuvi jLv Avgv`i cieZx cRbi KvQ Zvi
mgmvgwqK ^Q wP Zyj aie | GUv hgb ay BwZnvm hgb ejv hvebv,
Zgwb cyivcywi AvZRxebxI bq | GwU GKwU mgqi gweKvkgvb
mvgvRxK wkwZ mgvR, ezgnj Ges gweKvkgvb ijwfwK Av_bxwZi
wP | GKB mv_ Mo IVv Rbc` hv Kvji AveZ nvivZ emQ Zvi
HwZn | eBUv Zv ivKivi z` c`c ev m~Pbv ejv hvq |
8|

hnZz evev AwZ mvavib gvbyl Kvb cwZwZ jLK bb | Zuvi

jLvi gvag cvVKK evei KvQvKvwQ bv wbq hZ cvijI GKevi
AevaMg bq | eis Avgvi KvQ mvwnZi KgwZ AvQ ejI gb nqwb |
wKQzUv cvwievwiK cwigj jLv ej AbK K_v ewMZ ej
gb nZ cvi Ze jLKi cvwievwiK cwiekI Mi gZB wewP |
cwikl Avwg Avgvi evev mK Ges Zvi jLvi Ici `yGKUv
K_v ejZ ci mvb wnme Me eva KiwQ | Zuvi mevq Rxeb w`q
w`jI hv Kg nq hvq |
Lvj` nvmvb (ib)
g, 2011

9|

Lvj` mvjn&Dwb Rb:-22k m^i 1937 Qwe: 2011 mvji

KZZv
Avwg cwZwZ Kvb jLK bB | AbyR cwZg cdmi gwZqi
ingvb Avgvq GKUv eB `b hv Avgvi cig kvfvRb wkKi kZel
AvMi wZPvib | hvuiv Zuvi Kzkxje AvR Zu`i lZg Aatb cyil PjQ
| Avi `k wefvRb wQb m~ | GB wQb m~ ai AvRKi Mb mwZ `yin
10 |

| Avi mvii mgq Kvji GKgv RxweZ Qv meZt Avwg Qvov AvQ
gb nq bv |
mgq nvj Qo w`qwQ | mvnm hywMq cwibwZi w`K GwMq
w`qQb `evwZ Pex |
wew Avevmf~gx BDwbqb cwil` viv cwiPvwjZ (1923 mvji
deqvix gvm _K ivRevox wgDwbwmcvwjwUi cwZv ) hLvb
Pibvivqbcyi _K AvmviI ivv bB |
1760 mvj emwZ KvRxKv`vq _vKjI Kvb wkvjq Mo IVwb
| Gnb ivRevoxi MVb 1870 `kK Pivj _K Mni gvjv cwievi,
gvwbK wgx cwievi Avi wbevib Pex cwieviivB cw_Kr |
Avgvi jLv mvwnZi wePvi KLbB Drivqbv | wKQy BwZnvmi
Dcv`vb nqZ cvIqv hZ cvi |
GRb evey gwjK, Zznxbyi ingvb, dRjyj nK Payix, wP ib
n, Avt Mdzi Lvb, gKmy`yj gvgb gy fvB, Avgvbyjv, gvnZmvg Dj
Kwig, mvBdzj nK, kxj KgKvi, LvKb gvngy`, bnvj Avng`, w`jxc
Ki, AavcK kwdDwb Pzby, Payix gvnveyeyj nK I Avgvi cwievii
m`mivB KwZi `vwe`vi |
KyUvi KvR KiQb Lvj` nvmvb, gKeyj nvmb Amxg ah
wbq | evbvb `L w`qQb kZ KvRi gvSI mnv` Mvjvg mivqvi I
Lvj` nvmvb | weZ Aviv kZ bvg iq Mj Aby | ay gv KZZv
Rvwbq hv kl nevi bq |
huv`i mevwaK HKvwKZvq Avi ZvM GB knii DrKlZv
Zuv`i K_vB Avgvi jLvq AbycwZ | Zuv`i Kgcwiwai LvskI mshy
KiZ Mj Avgvi Rxekvq nqZv GB jLvUv Avjvi gyL `Le bv,
Nwb Rb`i m AvgviI GB Avkv |
wZxq wZZ Avgvi kvN ne Zuv`i wbqB |
Lvj` mvjvn& Dwb
g,2011

11 |

jvK bv_ fvPvh

ivRevoxi ivRv m~hKzgvi BbwwUDkbi cwZv mgqKvj
_K Qv, Avi cwikl cavb wkK wnmve cvq AakZvxKvj
m _K whwb Qv , AwffveK mevi kv ARb KiQb, Avgvi
cig kvfvRb mB jvKbv_ fvPvhi AvZRxebx Avgvi
wZK_v PwU eBUvi c_g cvZvi QweUv wPbZ Lye GKUv eM cZ
nqwb| hw`I Zuvi mv_ Avgvi kl `Lv 1947 mvj we`vq w`b, wVK
64 eQi AvM, Avi ZLb Zuvi eqm 72 eQi| eBZ Qvcvbv QweUv
Zuvi 92 eQi eqmi cwZKwZ| ZeyI Zuvi weLvZ j^v Kvbi cv
hUv me mgq `vj LZ, QweZ Avi wZZ AvRv mUvB cKU|
Avgv`i wbPz Kvm wZwb AvmZb bv eU Ze eviv`vq cvmyi gP&
gP& AvIqvR b wkK, Qv mevB ZU nq hZvg|
euU LvUv ivkfvix gvbylUv AvZK_vq KweZvi gZv KiB Zuvi
mgqKvji huv`i K_v wjwce KiQb AvR Zuv`i AbKiB cg
Aatb cyil PjQ| fviZ wefvRb vei wPi m~jv wQb nq
MQ| fMwjK weeZbI AbK vcbv wbw| GZmZI Avwg
gvbwmK GKUv ZvwM` eva Kijvg mvii wZK_vi m~ ai
AvRKi cRbi GKUv Mb hvM Kivi |
mvii Rb 1875 mvj KvjyLvwj Mvg J.L No-257 bs `vM hUv
cyivZb KvjyLvwj ij kb _K `yB gvBj Di eZgvb cv Mf
(eZgvb ij kb iZbw`qv J.L No-269 bs `vM)|
1885 mvj evqvwjqv zj _K wbg cvBgvix I 1888 mvj l
kYx cvk Kib| KvQvKvwQ dwi`cyi Rjv zj (1840) I KzgviLvwj
nvBzj (1856) Qvov H mgq GZ`vj Kvb BsiRx zj bv _vKvq
GK eQi covbv wMZ ivLZ eva nb| Mvqvj` nvBzj cvi
fvb ivRevox DV Gj wZwb cvkeZx ebxbMi Mvg mKxZ gvgv
kkxf~lY Pexi Avkq _K 1889 mvj ivRv m~hKzgvi nivq
cwiPvwjZ zj fwZ nb| ebxbMi _K ivRevox Avmvi AvovAvwo
12 |

Kvb ivv wQj bv| m~ZvMv Lqv cvi nq Rjv evWi Lvqv euvavbv
Elementary Road ai Mv`vievRvi Avmv hZ, mLvb _K zj
AvmZ gvU mvo wZb gvBj, Ab c_Uv gvS m~ZvMvi mvZ
wWwq ijivv ai|
Avkq`vZv cwievii mncvwV m`m AKvr Kjivq gviv Mj G
evoxZ Zuvi DcwwZ mevi weo^bvi KviY eySZ ci GLvb _vKvUv
wZwb `ywemn eva Kib| Gmgq hw`b m~ZvMvi cej mvZ wZwb
ijc_ DVZ wMq fm wMqwQjb mw`bB wZwb wkvi cvU PzwKq
evox Pj hvb| AvR hLvb Mvqvj` nvBzji Aevb IB mgq
ILvb iRbx ivqi gvwjKvbvq GKUv AvevwmK nvUj wQj| mLvbi
AvevmI Zuvi wcZvi gZzZ PzZ nevi Avkv `Lv `q| ivRvi
zji nW cwZ kxcwZ KveZx_ gnvkq ivRv m~hKzgvi nivqK
mvii `yievi wek` Rvbvj ivRv ZuvK wbR cvmv` Avkq `b|
Avi mw`b _KB wZwb ivR cwievii GK wek m`m nq hvb|
ivRvi gZzi ci DBj `Lv hvq ivRv jvKbv_ fvPvhK mwi
mwjwmUi gbvbxZ Ki MQb hv wZwb AvgZy wekZvi mv_B cvjb
Ki MQb|
jvK mvi 1894 mvj GUv c_g wefvM cvk Kib| 1900
mvj BsiRxZ Gg,G cixv `evi kl w`b AmyZvi Rb mgv
KiZ cvib bvB| GLvbB Zuvi wkv Rxebi kl|
gvwmK 250 UvKv eZbi miKvix PvKixi wbqZv cqI wZwb ivRv
m~hKzgvi inivqi Av`k 1900 Lvi 2iv wWm^i ivRv
m~hKygvi BbwwUDkbi mnKvix cavb wkK wnmve 50 UvKv
eZb hvM`vb Kib| 1906 mvj cavb wkK wnmve DbxZ nq
1947 mvji gvP gvm ch D c` envj _vKb| 1948 mvj nZ
1958 mvj ch wbR Mvg iZbw`qv zj cavb wkK wnmve
wkv`vb Kib| 1958 mvj fviZ Mj ivbvNvU Kzcvm Kv zj
6 gvm wkKZv Kib| gvS 1919 mvji 6B Rvbyqvix _K 5 eQi
6 gvm cvKkx zj cavb wkK wnmve hvM `b, cvKkxi Bwwbqi
ezei hvM`bv_ `vmi Abyiva| megvU Zuvi wkKZv Rxeb
58 eQii|
13 |

ivRevoxZ Rxebi my`xN GB mgq Kvj mvi cvq mg RbwnZKi

KgKvB RwoZ _KQb| miKvix Abvivix gvwRU, nvmcvZvji
mUvix, wgDwbwmcvwjwUi Pqvigvb, Rj cwi`kK, jvKvj
evWi Pqvigvb Avi ivRvi mwi mwjwmUi| G QvovI wgjb msN
bvg Kve MVb Ki iMx mev, kkvbhvv, cfwZ RbwnZKi Kg
wbqvwRZ _KQb|
mvii gZz ZvwiL Rvbv hvq bv| Ze wZwb 1970 mvj ch KjKvZv
eivnbMi ^xq evmfeb evm KiZb| m wnmve Zuvi aivavg
RxerKvj 95 GiI ekx|

cyivbv w`bi K_v

gZ`i eqm evo bv| hLb iY Kwi mB mgqi gyLUv
fm IV| AvR 60/65 eQi ci euP _vKj eqmi mv_ Zvj
iL Pnvivq cwieZb AvmZv| Avgvi GB eqm evaKwi AZxZi
wZ ivgb KiZB fvj jvM| wPv Ag~Lx nq| fyj fiv
Kkvi, heb | hvi mskvabi mvebv bvB| bZzb Ki i Kivi
AvkvI bvB| Zvi KvQ wZ Qvov gayi Ki fveevi wKBev _vK|
A_P m mgqi w`bjvI Zv Lye gayi wQj bv| Avmj AvR
e_ZvI iOi gvayix wgwkq AvZZw cvIqvi Pv gv|
RbB e_v G msv hgb mevi GKiKg bq, mv_KZvI h wKm ZvI
Zv gZvi wef| `gyi KZv nIqv, bv AvZxKcxob mvabvq
wj? fvj gvbyl mR _vKvi fZiI Zv GKUv gvn KvR Ki|
KD g` KvR Ki KZUv cxwoZ nq gbylZi gvcKvwV wK mUvB?
AMhvvi c~eevZv cvB gvS gvS| gvbwmK cwZ wK AvQ?
Avgv`i GB Qv gd^j kni hLvb Lvqv Qovbv AvwKvji
Rjv knii mshvM Qvov euvKx me gvwUi, gvl Avi Mii Mvoxi
PvKvq ZweZ| AvR Avgvi GB QwejvB fvm gb|
14 |

iji Kjvb Mo IVv kni hUv KD ejZv Djyqvo Pi| GKmgq

b`xweaZ Pvlvev`i Zbf~wg| emwZ Qovbv wQUvbv| cvki gvwU
KU ivv Avi emwZ Mo IVv| Lvj bvjvq gkvi esk wevi|
gvjwiqv Ni Ni| cwZeQi Kjiv, em, gnvgvix| KvjvRi Avi
ewiewi| PvKzixqv`i cvwbkgU mUvi| KzBwbb bv nq vbxq
KweivRi cuvPb| Pvgov cPv M Avi hvwZZv| ZLbKvi mgq Ri
nj mvey Avi evwj Qvov wbi^y Dcevm| Ri Qo Mj hw`b fvZ
cvev Zvi Kbv KiZI wRe cvwb Gm hZv| gvK KZB bv
Ave`vi aiwQ, wK wK w`q LZ cve Zvi wdwiw KZevi bI Avk
gUwb| ZvRv gvii Svj, cyivbv Pvji mi fvZ| Avn&|
gvjwiqv wK e hvi nqwb ZvK evSvbv hve bv| Kuvcywb w`q Ri
AvmQ| evoxi me jc Kuv_v w`q Dci Pc aiI Kuvcywb _vg bv,
kxZ hvq bv| Avevi Qvo, Avevi Avm| `yMhy cuvPb LZ gvqi
KZB bv mva mvab| gyL cvb wPweq iwW, jey cvZv Nl bvKi
WMvq ai AvQ KD| Ab nvZ KweivRi gvv AuvKv evZj _K
Xvjv nvd Mjvm mB gvj| Avav NUv gvwbK mvbv GKmgq ah nviv
gvqi Kvbvq nv Ki djZvg| XK Ki wMj djZB cUi
bvwofywo cvwKq DVZv GKejv Ri bv GjB gvqi gyL nvwmi
iLv| KvjKi w`bUvI cvi nj ZeB ci mB KvwLZ ZvRv
gvii Svj| cvk lvU eQi cwiq Avmv mme wK AvR dzwUq
Zvjv me Kvwji AvuPo?
Kvm mfb (ZLbKvi w`bi dvi&_ Kvm) cvVeBq cvVKi gZz
GKUv M bnvZ cixvi cqvRb cowQjvg| fvjI jvMwb ggI
eywSwb| AvR cyibv w`bi fvjjvMv Zgb GKUv eB cq KZbv
AvMn wbq cvZv D nuvPU Ljvg AvwgI| gjvU Zv mUvB `LwQ|
GK`v bexb heb hK_v gg myLi gZ ev_vq UbUb Ki DVwQj
eyKUv, AvR Zv cvbm jvMQ Kb? cvVKi gZz nqQ? ZLb ^c
wQj, mvebvI wQj| AvR Ac~YZv hgb AvQ mvebv Zgwb i|
Rwoq MQ mi gvUv `ywU Zvi,
`q exbv wVK myi ZvB evRQ bvi|
mnm eb gvS jwfe gywi ^v`|
15 |

GB fvj| mB fvj|
nvKbv zb wKQy Zey mB fvj| ZvB fvj|

cyivbv m w`bi wZ
Qjejvq ez`i ga wbRiv fx ev Afvm cPwjZ
KiZv ew`bi A`kbI Zv h weZ nq bv Zgb GKUv NUbv
cZ Kivi mfvM Avgvi nqwQj|
1947 mvj GK ez fviZ Pj hvq Aci ez 1972 mvj cyivcywi
A| A Mbx wgqv `uvwoq AvQ c_i avi| cyivZb ez wef~wZ
cvvi cvq wZwik eQi ci cvQv w`q cvQvq Zv w`jb| A Mbx
wgqv _gK wMq cibB ejjb K i fyZ bvwKi? `yRb MjvMwj
Rwoq eyK eyK| Avgv`i AvvLvbv Kvjyi Pvqi `vKvb| evev
gvwjK eU Dwb Icvi evsjvi gvbyl| wg fvlx| wK eyK kji
gZv euav K_vI ejZb wgw Ki| hgb AvdZve euvwK Lq e
w`b kva `q bv| ZvK ejjb AvdZve mvne Avgvi UvKvUv wK
giB w`jb? AvgvK GKw`b XvKvi gyZ ejjb RMjyj mvne
AvMi UvKvUv bv nq _vK Gevi _K bM`B Lveb| euvKx Avi
evoveb bv| Zey eo fvBqi cwZ Avgv`i kv wQj Ab KviY|
Ibvi `k _K Avmv ezwU Zvjv Pvwei gKvi, Ab nKvi`i gZv
nuvK w`q Rvbvb w`Z nq bv| gvUv Zvii ga wUbi PvKwZ dzUv
Ki fiv mUv bvov cjB Sb Sb k bB evSv hZ Zvjv Pvwei
gKvi PjQ| Ngv `n cvqB AvmZb iv` ZZ cyo| eo
fvB Kvb evK DPviY bv Ki mvRv Pzjvi cvo wMq `yB Kvc Pv
wbR evbvZb Ges wbtk GKUv wbR Avi GKUv ezi nvZ awiq
w`Zb| evKvjvc Zgb KiZ `wLwb| ivZ nq MjI hLb
Avgv`i Avv fv bv ZLb ejZb Avcbviv GLb DVyb Kvjyi e
Nyg cqQ| Avgiv mPwKZ nq `yKvc Pv Avi djm wZbUv Kvc
16 |

AWvi w`j Kvjy cvqB ejZv Pzjv wbf MQ| Avgiv bvQvoev`v,
Lvwj Vvv Rj `yUv Pv `vI evev GLywb Pj hve|
mKvj `ya Rvj w`q Kvjy mi wcwiP iL w`Z Avjv`v Ki| eo
fvB KvjyK evBi cvVvZ PvBZb m mgq| Kvjy Pv cvZv dzwiq
MQ wbq Gmv| Kvjy hZ Pvq bv ej- bv Pje hv AvQ|
Zvnj wezU Gb ivL| Li Avme| eva nq Kvjy evBi hvq|
GB duvK eo fvB mi Lq djb wezUi ov wQwUq wPwb w`q|
wdi Gm Kvjy mi LuvR| evev mi KB, evevi Reve wex nq
MQ| Kvjy Wqvi Lyj ej cqmv Kv_vq? evci Reve- euvKx
LqQ| Avgiv DcfvM KiZvg| eo fvBK mvbI KiZvg|

knii Mvovcb
1871 mvj Djyqvi Pi wLwZ Ki iji AMhvv|
Mvqvj` cQyj ivRevox knii emwZi wevi i nq hvq |
vbxq weIkvjx evwiv RbMYi myweav_ hgb mgvR mev gyjK
cwZvb Mo Zvjb Zgwb eemv evwYRI bZyb aviv mshvRb
Kib|
cvi gvQi fvvi KjKvZvq cibi myweav_ c_gB Mo IV
eidKj| fvMKzji Rwg`vii RvgvB gb_ mb cwZv Kib
Goalundo lce Association bvg GKUv eo AvKvii, cuvPzwoqvi
Rwg`vi mivR` bv_ mvnv cwZv Kib cv AvBm dvix|
cuvPzwoqvi vwiKv bv_ mvnv I Rvwgbx Kzgvi ivq, ckv Pex Mo
Zvjb Fish merchant association bvgi Pvi GKiiI ekx
RvqMv wbq wekvjGKUv, hvMb KweivRi RvqMv wKb MwVZ nq
Dry Ice & Carbonic Gas Factory gvKviig Payix Avi
Gmg Avjx wekvm Aviv GKUv MVb Kib| fviZ BjKwUK
mvcvBqi cvk cvkvcvwk `yUv BgviZ MVb Ki wngvjq wdwRs bvg
GKUv Kj cwZwZ nq weRq cvj I wRZb gvjvKvii gvwjKvbvq|
17 |

cuvPzwoqvi Avi GK Rwg`vi g`b Kzgvi kvnvi fMxcwZ Rvwgbx ib

mvnv wmwKi evRvi fviZ BjKwUK mvcvB, bvg we`yr Drcv`b I
weZib K` vcb Ki Kzcxi kni AvjvwKZ Kib|
wejvwZ Kvco eRb Ki `kx Kvcoi Kj evmvbvi DvM
bb jxKvji ivRv wbR Rwg`vixi RvqMv m~hbMi GUvi vb
wbevwPZ nq |
evsK eemvZI G wMq Avmb AbK | jx Kvj jvb
Awdm , cvBIwbqi evsK, eov wmwU evsK, `vm evsK, fviZxq
mUvj evsK BZvw`| gvUvi Mvox Gb knii KwjbZ Avbqb
Kib c_g wbevib Pex, ci gyKzw`qv cuvPzwoqvi Rwg`vi
mivR` bv_ mvnv|
ci cyKziUvi gvS cvKv Kzqv _K cvi mvnvh DPz GKUv
UvsK Zzj kni cvbxq Rj mieivn K` Mob vbxq weIkvjxiv |
ZLb wUDe Iqj nvZ Mvbv `y GKUv evoxZ | wgwI meab
bxjgwb Pibvivqb cyii kxai nvj`vi |
Mg clvB Kj emvb c_g Fish merchant association
eidKj Avi evRvi Rvex Kzy| mwLbZvi AviK avc Mvgvdvb
Avbb ek KqKRb dKiDwb mvne Bgvb Avjx MvW nweei ingvb
Avgvi evev Aviv KqK Ni|
e`yKI wQj dKiwb mvne, mvl Kzgvi, GbvqZ cxi
Pvayix Avgv`i evox ,Aviv KhKUv| mvBKjUvI Gm MQ
ekZe bxiv` fvRb, GbvqZ cxi Payix, evgb`vm nivq, ivav
ejvf mvnv, Avgv`i GKUv, GUvB gb AvQ| mvBKj gKvi Kvby
VvKzi Avi Avym mvgv` gj keab| gvqi KvQ bwQ KvRywoqv
Zj Kji gvwjK GKUv w`qvkjvBqi QvU dvix w`qwQjb|
knii gweKvk
1871 mvji 1jv Rvbyqvix ivRevox kni MVbi h c`xc
Rj IV Zvi mjZ cvKvbvi i 1865 mvj wK ZviI AvM _K|
18 |

hLb KjKvZv _K Mvqvj` ch ijc_ 1862 mvj RMwZ ch

Gm hvq| j KvwU NbdzU gvwU fivU Ki wbg mgZj f~gxZ MVb
i nq hvq ijivv, jvKvmW, kvwUs BqvW Avi Avevmvb|
Pivj Avi my`~i Ewolv _K nvRvi nvRvi kwgK cwievi cwiRb
mn Gm hvq| mB mv_ Avm BgviZ, exR, KvjfvU, emZevwUi
cqvRb BUi fvUvi dvqvigvb| h KvRUvq vbxqiv Zgb cvi`kx
wQjb bv ev msvi ek Abxnv cvlY KiZb| knii Pig DrKlZv
cZ i Ki 1887 mvj cv b`xi fvb Mvqvj` gnKzgv kni
wejxb nq ckvmwbK wefvM vbvwiZ nq ivRevox Pj Gj| GB
mg vcbv h AjUvq MwVZ, Zvi KvQ wcV Mo IV Avgjv,
gyrmyx, eywRxex, DwKj, gvvi, zj wkK, wkwZ mgvRi
Avevm| wexY GjvKv aygv Rwg`vii bRivbvq mnR
jf nIqvq ZrKvji cwZwU emZevwU wekvj GjvKv RyoB
MwVZ| ewaz GB me cwievi Avmb LvbLvbvcyi, cuvPzwiqv, Av^vwoqv
Pi, evbxen Avi Mvqvj`i myax mgvR _K|
eemvqxivI GwMq Avmb evRvi cwZvq| KjKvZvi ^ccyix nvZi
gyVvq Gm hvq| wewfb ckvRxex gvbyli Kgmsvb Avi A_bwZK
cew mvgvwRKZvqI AvaywbKZvi Qvc dj|
Kwo Ljv, jyWv, evNe`x, lvjNywU, `uvwoqvevv, MvjvQzU,
nv-Wy-Wy, Wvswj, gvej, jvwUg, Nvo `o, kvBj evox (nwKi Mvg
msiY), kj Wye (muvZvi w`q Pvi cywjk Ljv) BZvw` Avw` Ljvi
vb `Lj KiZ i Ki, dzUej, fwjej, evWwgUb, `o, DPj,
cvjf, `xN j, mvBKj Pvjbv (`Z I gi) iwk UvbvUvwb
BZvw`|
cvovq cvovq Kve, jvBeix cwZvi wnwoK co hvq| e
eqmxivI SuyK cob Zvm cvkv Qo `kKi f~wgKvqB ay bq
ccvlKZvi nvZ evwoq bexb`i DrmvwnZ KiZ| wekvjx mgvR
cwZiv mvaviY cvVvMvi, Ljvi gvV, bvUg, knii cvbxq Rj
mieivn eev BZvw` mvgvwRK KgKv wbR`i m Kib|
miKvix KgKZvivI mvaviYi GB me KgKv mvnvh mnhvwMZvq
19 |

kixK nqQb| Zr Kvjxb Gm.wW.I mvne Zuvi Nvovi AvvejUvq

Avgv`i Wvqg eqR Kve Uv cwZvi AbygwZ w`qwQjb|
ijI Zvi wbR D`vM Mo Zvj zj, cvVvMvi, KveNi,
nvmcvZvj, wkcvK, Uwbm Ljvi gvV, bvU g, dzUej gvV|
xovwe``i PvKwii myhvM w`q xov I mvswZK Ab
ccvlKZvi `v vcb Ki|
Ljvayjvq wbew`Z cvY GB me gvbyli gvS AvRv iYxq nq
AvQb wW.Gg.Gb Bmjvg, beK Pex, AgjK Pex, Kzgvik
Pex, Mvwe` jvwnwo, ev`kv Payix, cjvb miKvi, cwigj gyLvRx,
nvweeyi ingvb, KvRx n`vqZ nvmb, bvwRi nvmb Payix,
Avng`yvgvb Kzby wgqv, BqvKze nvmb, Wvt G.K.Gg AvmRv`,
nvibi iwk`, Lvj` mvjvn& Dwb Aviv nvwiq hvIqv AbK|
dzUej jxM Ljvq Ask wbqQ wbqwgZ- UvDb Kve, ijIq
BbwwUDU, KvjyLvjx-iZbw`qv, Mvqvj` nvBzj, Avi.Gm.K
BbwwUDkb, BvY Kve (RwUjki jvwnwo), wfvwiqv ggvwiqvj
(cjvb miKvi), cwigj Kve, wKkvi msN, eivU GBP.Gg Kve (wn`ygymwjg) cieZxKvj cvuPzwiqv R.wm. Kve I eivU Gd.wm. Kve|
eqR vwUs Kve cwZv Kib Avwgb wbgj gyLvRxi cy cwigj
gyLvRx| wZwb fviZ cvwo w`j cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ bb KvRx n`vqZ
nvmb| Mvqvj` _K AvmZv Mvb GBP.wm. Kve| cieZxKvj
BqvKze nvmbi cwiPvjbvq hy nq Avj njvj, ckvmb wefvM _K
Gg. I. Kve Avi Wvt AvmRv` mvnei Zveavb ivRevox eyR,
1962 mvj _K ivRevox KjR Ask wbZ i Ki|
dzUej Ljvqvi wQj AYwZ| Gu`i KD KD wKse`wi
gZv iYxq nq AvQb AvRv| evey evgb`vm n ivq, beK
Pex, AgjK Pex, Kzgvik Pex, Avyj Rwjj wgqv,
Avyj gvR` gvjv, bxiv` fvRb, mq` gvneye Avjx, mq`
gvkvid Avjx, b~i nvmb mvbv fvBqi KYvi wKK euK wMq Mvj
XyKZv, UvKvb nW w`q cwZwU ej Rvj XvKvZb| Civil
20 |

Supply Controller eviv mvne Mvj LjZb| S.M. Roy

wQjb School Inspector. we `vm, RwUjki jvwnwo, cwigj
`vm, D.M.N Islam iji MvjKxcvi AvjxgywbK GKgv
Grass Cutting ej giB civwRZ Kiv me wQj| Avyj mvvi,
Avym mvgv`, Avyi ivvK, (Avym mvgv` Ljvi KjvKkj i
Kib cveZx cvvii KvQ _K, wZwb XvKvi gvVI evK fwj gi
bvg KiwQjb) GKivgyj nK, BmivDj nK, mvwei, Lwjj Luvb, mgi
ivq, Kvjxc`, Ag~j, nweei ingvb Gi fvB Rwjjyi ingvb, gvt
BmvnvK (Arabian Horse), Avym mvenvb, ig Avjx, Ave`vi,
axik mvbvj (cv f hvq eivU KPv Aveyji mv_ msNl),
iweDj Avjg evjb (hvi Ljv `L dwi`cyii Gm.wc cywjk
PvKixi AvgY Rvbvb), evjbi eo fvBI fvj Ljvqvo wQj (zj
UviRvbi gnov w`Z wMq `~NUbvq gviv hvb), mvB`yi ingvb iwdK,
KvRx Gbvgyj Kwei (MvjKxcvi, j^v Pzj GKUv SuvwK w`q PvL gyL
XuK ej aiZv) fevbxcyii GbvqZ gIjv (bvK f hvq) H fvB
Kv`i bIqvR Pzby, wbwLj K bvM, Gg,G,gvgb evPz, AvjvDwb,
RyjwdKvi, GbvqZ Avjx, LvKv, gnvi Avyj gwR` wgqv, KvwK,
hZxb KgKvi, cuvPzwiqvi AvgRv`, eni dwi`cyi Rjvi k
gagvVi Ljvqvi, wmwK, LvKb, `eeZ fvPvh, dRjyi ingvb,
Rqbvj, Aveyj, hZxb cvvi, AvKivgyvgvb evPz, AvKivgyvgvb
iy Payix, Iqvn`yvgvb ivKb Payix, bvwRi nvmb Payix, Mi,
Avyj AvwRR, KzwUgwb, bvi, Kz`iZ Avjx, wjqvKZ, Rvnvxi
(Mvqvj`), GbvqZzi ingvb gbv (ej wiwmwfsG miv), GbvqZ
Kwig LvKv, gvngy` gvmjn& Dwb (Pakistan National Team
G wmj nqwQjb West Pakistan G e Tournament G Lj
c`Kcv), j`y (V.M. Club I KjKvZvq East Bengal G
LjQb), gyi gvik` ev`kv, bxjy, weRq Kzgvi `vm (fvRbPvjv),
LvKv (`v`kx), wbgvB Nvl (jwZd cmi wcQbi evox), mvl
Kzgvi Telegraph Master, H cy iey (gb nZv ej wVKvbv wjL
cvm w`q SzuK wi nq `LZv ejUv wVK RvqMvq cQvjv
wKbv),KvRx gbmyi, PZb mvnv, Awgq n, KvwK Nvl, KvwK mvnv,
21 |

eby, mZb Pvcvavq, Mbk Pex, ivavKv, wbgj Kzgvi mvnv,

eKz Payix, wni Payix, e`ivgvb Payix, gvneye, iex`bv_ ivq,
Mvjvg gIjv, Lwjjyi ingvb, `e`bv_ wms (Goal Keeper),
DwKj hvMk `, wkey PvUvRx, H fvB kjk PvUvRx, exiej
(jvwdq Rvov cvq wKK KiZb), Mvqvj`i AvBbyxb (`yigyR
LvZ), Mvcvj kgv bvgi Ljvqvo AeavwiZ Mvji mU wbR bv
gi Agj K Pexi cvq Vj w`Zb evey ej ej, Avi
wQjb gvUKv gwb Kvwnjx, GB hw` Kvwnj nq Zvnj AvgivZv
bvB LZ nq| Aviv hviv weZ nqQb m msLvI Kg bq|
mevP `Zvq Ljv cwiPvjbv KiQb nweei ingvb, Bwb
QvovI wQjb beK Pex, AgjK Pex, Gg,G ggb, Avyj
Rwjj wgqv, DMN Islam, mq` gvkvid Avjx, Avgjv kYxi
GKRb wQjb whwb Ljv ii AvM Ljvqvo`i mZK Ki w`Zb
Wvkv Wkx Kieb bv ej| IFA cvk hvMk P` Kzy enicyii
njI cvwievwiK KviY GLvbB _vKZb| GKUv Ljvq Zuvi wmv
gb wbZ bv ci eqR Kvei GK mg_K gvS gvV wMq QvZv
w`q ZuvK AvNvZ Kib| Zuvi cvkvKi ewk wQj, wZwb Kov iOi
cvU mvU Avi meyR igvj eenvi KiZb| Zuvi AvZnbbi msev`
cq mevi gZB AvwgI ggvnZ nqwQ| Avgiv cwiwPZ wQjvg, Avi
f` gvbyl wnmveB `LwQ ZuvK|
Kvb Kvb wekl w`b cxwZ gvPi AvqvRb nZv|
evgb`vm nivq ^iwPZ cvivwW Mq aviv eYbv w`ZbgvUKv gvneye
ej wbq `q QzU
wcQ wcQ QvU
nvib i.........
Kuv` dRjy gvvi
Kuv` mve ivi
Avi kxZi w`b
Kuv` fvgov cuvVv........BZvw`|
22 |

Ggwb GK cxwZ Ljvq idvix nq Gjb `yBRb| wPi iwmK

kvgmyvgvb Payix ev`kv fvB, whwb wewPvbyvb fvwUqvjx, DPv,
KvIqvjx, MRj wewfb myi wK Kwiwj wezwcqv wbgvB Puv`i we`vq
w`qv Mq kvZv`i cU wLj awiqQb| Avvq, gvV meB
gvwZq ivLZb wbR GZUzKz bv nm| eivUi wkwZ ewz
cwievii mvb| jvBeix Avi QvcvLvbv QvovI ivRbxwZZ hy
wQjb| 1972 mvj eezi wekvj Rbmfvq wZwbB mfvcwZZ
Kib| Zv wZwb eviLvq AveZ c`bkxb gwnjvi ek Gjb gvV|
AbRb ivge Ki g`ej D`vg Mvq, bxj is gL, gvnb euvkx
nvZ, evnb gvli wcV Po| evm KiZb eovWvv KjR xU
(3bs) h bvgUv wZwb muU iLwQjb cek gyL| PvKix KiZb
Central Co-Operative Bank G| Avw` evm gyjNi, evwNqv Mvg
Qo c~e cyili AvMgb, PvKix m~|
Kwji K Avi Atcyievwmbx c`vq AveZv| wmv wgZ
cwZc`| GKRbZv gvS gvVB dvDj ai cbvw w`q emjb|
Ggwb nvmim wbgj Avb` DcfvM KiZvg mevB|
iji DuPz c` ekxifvM wQjb mvne| Zuv`i Drmvn Uwbm
Ljvq| DuPz e`xUvq wQj `kK`i emvi eev| UvDb KveiI GKUv
Mvm KvU wQj, cv AwdmUvi mvgb| Ljvqvi wQjb Mr.
Pistanjee, Mr. Sckot, B.M.Cox, T.P. Das, D.M.N.
Islam, M.A. Momen, bxiv` fvRb, Kzgvik Pex, AgjK
PeZx, Avyj IqvR` Payix, KvRx n`vqZ nvmb, Avt Rwjj
wgqv, Avyi ivvK, Rxeb Lvb|
wKU Ljvq GKUv Dbv`bv mw nq 1960 Gi `kK|
dzUeji gZB GiI RbwcqZv ew cvq| mg nq DV hLb RvZxq
chvq cwZfvai Ljvqvo DV Avm| Abvb Rjv `j AvgwZ nq
GLvb Ask wbqQ| AvgivI cvebv, Kzwqv, dwi`cyi, gviv,
gnicyi wMq mybvg KywoqwQ| Avt Mvd&dvi nvRx, Kvjxc` Pex
Kgj K Pex, gvdvvi Avng` wgjb, wnmvg Dwb, Avmjvg,
mMxi, mwjg Avng` ^cb, Kwei Avng`, bvwRi nvmb Payix,
bbx Mvcvj e`vcvavq, wngv`x Pex, gyi gvik` ev`kv, wgby,
23 |

Zcb bvM, G,wU,Gg,G iDd, iy Payix, wchyl e`vcvavq, gvbm

e`vcvavq, UvKb, Gm,Gg KvBqyg, wbgj Kzgvi mvnv, Bgvgyj Kwig
RwK, GRvRyj Kwig, kvn`, wgby, gUz gxi, gybv, we, Gg, K Giv
mevB DuPz gvbi Ljvqvo| ZvwiK AvwRR RvZxq chvq Avgv`i
Me| gvdvvi nvmb evejy Abya AvVviv XvKv wefvMi Ljvqvo|
mif, iej, ZiY AvRKi mvebv|
Avvqvi wnmve we,Gg, K, bbx Mvcvj e`vcvavq,
myfvl wms I Lvj` mvjvDwb `vqxZ cvjb KiZb me`v| Wvt
G,K,Gg AvmRv`i ccvlKZvq Gi weKvk, Dbqb ej fyj ne
bv|
kixiPPv Abykxjb Ki fevbxcyii Kv`i bIqvR Pzby fvB
Avi gav mvnei evoxi cvki Zvivc` Kzy evqvgexi LvZ nb|
mvBKj Pvjbvq eivUi Aveyj eivei AvM _vKZv, xov cwZhvMx
Kv`i bIqvR Pzbyi cvBR eq wbZ mvnvhKvixi cqvRb ciZv|
cieZxKvj gvn&gy` gvmjn& Dwb Gi DP j Avtzj
cwZhvwMZvq cuvPdzU mvo bq Bw iKW AvRI Azb AvQ|
cvkv LjvUv wejy nevi cvvj Nbkvg `i `vjvbi
eviv`vq eyov`i fxo `Lv hZ| NywU Nyjv QvU GKUv Avcj
wLwZ Kij hgbUv `Lvq QKUv jyWyi gZB| PKvYv Lvc
Iqvjv, dzUKzwi `Iqv `yB Bw j^v wZbUv nvoi XMv jyWyi gZ Ki
KP eviv ej gSq Quyo b^i Y Pvj `Iqv nZv|
`vevi KvU Kvcoi Zix, NywUi AvKwZ AvRKi gZ wewfb
bq, ay AvKvi Zdvr| weZ `vev Avevi cvY wdi cvq| KgiW
Av fivR evey Rj _K Qvov cq 1956 mvj GLvb Gj `Lv
Mj eq cvq mevB LjvUv AvM _KB RvbZb| bZzb LjvqvoI
hy njv| UzbvgUI i njv| Av evey LyeB DuPz gvbi Ljvqvo|
gv GKeviB ZuvK nvwiq Avwg Pvwqb nqwQ| Zuvi 30 eQi Rj
Rxebi PPv Avi Avgvi eqm ZLb 19 cvi nq wb|
dvW jvBU evWwgUb Avgv`i cPvqB c_g i nq
ijIq Kvei c~Y mnhvwMZvq| Avgv`i ek KRb Ljvqvo
KzgviLvjx, Kzwqv, PzqvWvv, cvebv, dwi`cyi _K cyivi wQwbq
24 |

GbQ| mvB`yi ingvb iwdK, iweDj Avjg, AvKivgyvgvb evPz,

wbwLj K bvM, wbgj Kzgvi mvnv, Gm.Gg.KvBqyg, mywebq Kzgvi cvj,
AvZvDj, gvdv, dRjyi ingvb, bRij Bmjvg, Rvnvxi, wkey,
Mvjvg gIjv, wbwk_ Kzgvi fvRb, Lvj` mvjvDwb,gvngy` gvmjn&
Dwb QvovI AbKB wQjb wbqwgZ Ljvqvo| cwZhvwMZvq
cwiPvjb `vqxZ me`vB cqQb Lvj` mvjvn& Dwb|
fwjej ivRB Ljv nZv iji gvV| mq` gvneye Avjx, mq`
gvkvid Avjx wQjb wbqwgZ|
mvswZ Ab cwZfvai wkxi mgvek NU GLvb| evgb`vm
nivqi bvg mevMB iY KiZ nq| wZwb meY Yvw^Z|
GKvavi gvwfbZv, MvqK, MxwZKvi, myimv| Zvi RjZi
iKWKZ evRbv AvRI fviZi iwWIZ evRvbv nq| wZwb cvq me
ev`hB evRvZ cviZb| Zuvi wklv AvKZvix evby bZ c~e-cvwK
vb Pvwqb nb| Aci wklv KiYv Pex DPv mxZ weLvZ
nqQb| Kbv w`x ivbx n ivq bZ I Mvb weLvZ wQjb
ZrKvj| Rbvev kvnxb~i eMg cwc ivRevox wZ nq iwWI-wUwfZ
wbqwgZ Ask wbqQb| wZwbI 1965 mvj bZ c~e-cvwKvb
Pvwqb nqQb| eovWvvq iLv evm wQjb KjKvZv iwWI
wkx| wZwgi b`x, Avwe`v LvZzb, Avbvqvi Dwb Lvb AvRI
LvwZgvb| ig Avjx iwWIZI MqQb |
Ii I KvRjv w`Nxi Rj
ZzB Avgvi Kvb Kvb ej
Avi,
Avgvi kvvb hvx bv jq
fvv Avgvi Zix
Mq g gvwZq ivLZb| cyjK Payix MxUvi ev`K eZgvb
iwWIZ h MxZi cwiPvjK wnmve KgiZ| Avng` gviZvRv
NASA wevbx, Avwgbyj Bmjvg PZz wgqv, eo LvKv AvwdKv cevmx
Guiv MRj MvBZb| Qvqv ivbx KgKvi I W. dKxi kwn`yj Bmjvg
mygb iex` fviZxi wekwe`vjq _K mevP wWMx cv nq Avgv`i
GB Ab mg KiQb| dKxi Rvn`yj Bmjvg, Rvnvxi bMi wek
25 |

we`vjq _K bvUK mevP wWMx cv nqQb| ZrKvji MvqK

Aviv wQjb dRjyi ingvb, wbwLj K bvM, Lmi (AKvj cqvZ)
Lyiig, ggZv mvbvj, Rvgvj nvwee nveyi MvIqv gvt iwdi wnw`
Mvbi Zzjbv wQjbv , Pzby fvBI fvjvB MvBZb|
ev`h wkx mZvi mvn` Avjx gxi, RjZi I mZvi iZb bvM,
Zejvq j`y `vm, ciexKvj cYe miKvi, myeZ Pex|
g euvkxZ myi ZzjZb axi`bv_ cvj| GKUv ^qsm~Y `j wbq
AvmZb `v`kx _K gbvR Kzgvi gRyg`vi, Avyi iwng gvjv GB
Mci m`m|
Avgv`i GB Qv kniUvq `yUv ^qsm~Y bvUgi Aevb _KB
GB Ab Avgv`i PPvi evcKZv aviYv Kiv hvq| cvq cwieviB
KD bv KD m wQjb| nj DcP cov `kKi mgvMg nZv|
cvwievwiKfve Avgv`i evoxZI evbiv eviv`vq R mvwRq
Awfbq KiQ evex`i wbq, DVvb `kK`i emvi eev Ki|
Awfbq KzkjZvq mevM h bvgwU fm IV wZwb `eb wmsn, Zuvi
ivZKvbv Avi wmivR-D`-`jvq Mvjvg nvmb Kvbv Avi
nvwmi AmvaviY wecixZ gywL Pwi wPY| Zuvi mgMvxq
mix`gvnb nivq, nweei ingvb, Ab Pex, BqvKze nvmb,
b~i nvmb, evgb`vm nivq, ev`kv Payix, `eeZ fvPvh, PZz
wgqv, Agj K Pex, G,wU,Gg, Avt ie, G,wU,Gg, Avt iDd
ivRv, G,K,Gg, Avt ivvK, G,wU,Gg, iwdK Dwb, AvKei nvmb,
Gg,G, gvgb, Mvjvg cxi Payix, Kvjx ksKi g, Avt Rwjj
wgqv, j`y `vm, ibwRZ mvnv, AvZvDj Kwig, dwi`, mgb cvj,
gvZvnvi, Avt nK, Avgvb Avjx, myfvl wmsn, Lvj` mvjvDwb weZ
nq hvIqv Aviv AbKB| ciex Kvji AvKivg nvmb, Avwgbyj
Bmjvg, gvby, eviK gj, gbmyi Avng` gUy, mvgmywb, Avt nvwKg
nvq`vi, mvgv`, dRjyj nK, nvmy, mvgmywb UMi, evejy gvjv,
B`wim, UzUzj, gwb gav, UzUzj gav, AvKv Giv mKjB DPz ii
AwfbZv wQjb| weij cwZfvi AwaKvix wQjb G,wU,Gg, iDd
ivRv, GKvavi bvUKvi, cwiPvjK, Awfbq QvovI Ljvayjv, muvZvi,
gywhyi AwabvqK cwZwU B wQj Zvi ivRvi gZB c`PviYv|
26 |

NUbvej Zvi Rxeb evj ez wnmve AvgviI mZv wQj|

AvgvK Zv m cvwL covbv cwoq bvqK evwbqB QoQ| cicvi
Zvi hvvI ivRvi gZB, c_g miKvix mvbbv cq 13B gvP 2001
mvj|
hvvq evsjvi weLvZ cuvPzwiqvi cZvc ` UMi, Avi cvebvi
MRb ` cwZfvai| ivRevoxi mv_ G`i mZv me mgqB
wQj| vbxq wkx ek KqKRb hvvq hvM `b ckv`vi wnmve|
ivRv, myfvl wmsn, Avyj nK, B`wim, iex mvnv, gyQv Nvl, w`jxc
Nvl, w`jxc mvnv, webv` P` P~YKvi AbZg| ZLbKvi w`b
mvaviYZ civwbK Avi `kvZevaK bvUKB ekx g nZv| mLi
w_qUvi bvixi cekvwaKvi wQj bv| cZvckvjx mgvRcwZ, gvbx, Yx
AbKB Muvd Kvwgq g bgQb| ciw`b NiYx gnj Gi mim
AvjvPbv, nvmvnvwm, Kvjx ksKi g, j`y `vm, iYwRZ mvnv,
webv`cyii MvumvB Muvd Kvgvbvi `ji m`m wQjb|
Avgiv c_g gq wkx cvB AvZvl Pexi Kbv mv Avi
SYvK| Avevey DW&nW cvewjK jvBeixi jvBeixqvb| Avgiv
ZRgv Ki IUvi bvg w`qwQjvg Kvgyy cvVvMvi Av eveyi
gv_vqI Kvb Pzj wQj bv| gy gbi gvbyl, RvZcvZ wePvi bv Ki
mKji kkvb ez nZb| Avw`evm gvwbKM _K Gm mbKv`vi
kl cv PZivi weji Mv Nl 5 weNvi Dci AvavcvKv my`i GKUv
evoxZ evm KiZb| jvBeixi eBZ cvqB Zuvi UvK wbq ge
cvIqv hZ, Zv wZwb nvwmgyLB MnY KiZb| Zuvi kZ wQj
Awekvm LZ cviZb| 5 mi imMvjv, GK fuvo `B eVK Lvevi
ci Lq ZvK jvwMq w`qQb Agj K Pexi weqZ| LMTi
PgPg Avi c_ cvki wbgKcviv `yUvB mgvb MnYxq wQj Zuvi KvQ|
KjKvZvi wmbgvq bgQb webv`cyi wbevmx RxZb mbi Kbv
myeZv mb| weq nq Dg Kzgvii fvB ZiY Kzgvii mv_| bwQ
gwjbv `ex wQjb Avgv`i R.S.K. Institution Gi mvi PviP`
Pexi evb| XvKvq ivwRbv, Bjviv, cwZwZ bvwqKv| cwiPvjK
nqQb gvZvnvi Dwb, Z`xq vZv gvvwdRyi ingvb evey Avi Kjv
Kzkjx Avyj nK wQjb Avgv`i GLvbi|
27 |

Avgiv Me KiZ cvwi LvbLvbvcyii weRb fvPvhK wbq| gvZv

cuvP gvBji dvivK|(gvS ay GKUv gvVi dvuK Zv`i ebi AbK
gay gvwQ gv`i eb euva gayi PvK-iex`bv_)| wkK wcZv wiv`
wenvixi Av`kevw`Zv, msMxZ Avi mvwnZ cgi Qvc weRb fvPvhi
Dci h_ cfve dj (1930 mvj KjKvZvq AvZvl KjR I
wicb KjRi wkvKvjxb mgq)| wZwb mvgev` Dy nq
KwgDwb cvwUZ hvM `b mvewYK Kgx wnmve| jeb mZvMn I
fviZ Qvo Av`vjb mwq Ask bb| P GuK Avi wdPvi wjL
Av`vjb kixK _vKZb| fviZxq MYbvU cwZv cj bvUK
wjLZ i Kib| GKvavi bvUKvi, myiKvi, AwfbZv, MvqK
wnmve mycwZwZ nb| Zuvi c_g bvUK Avb g nq 1943
mvj| `yfxi cUf~wgZ jLv bevb bvUK Zuvi g Avwefve,
^iwPZ giYPuv` bvUK ceb evDji f~wgKvq Awfbq I Mvb Mq
LvwZgvb nb| mvsmvwiK cqvRbB wZwb Gmgq ev^vB cvwo w`q
wmbgvi mv_ hy nb| mLvb wPbvU I Awfbq Kib ek KwU
QweZ| bvwMb wmbgvi Mvb ZLb mevi gyL| evsjvq wdi jLb
Kj, Mvvi, Qvqvc_, gvvi gkvB, agMvjv, RbbZv,
nuvmLvwji nuvm, Kc, AvR em, ^YKz, mvbvi evsjv,
Pjv mvMi, wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg, myeYiLv, c`vwZK I
ivR`vn| wmbgvq Awfbq KiQb ^iwPZ Kvwnbx evox _K
cvwjq, gN XvKv Zviv, Z_vwc, myeYiLv, c`vwZK, ^c
wbq, hyw Zv Mv, mvo Pzqvi, emy cwievi, Zv, Wvvi
evey BZvw`| g Awfbq KiQb- bevb, givPuv`, `exMRb,
Kj, Mvvi, Qvqvc_, gvvi gkvB, agMvjv, RbbZv,
nvumLvwji nvm, Kc, AvR em, ^YKz, mvbvi evsjv,
Pjv mvMi, wZZvm GKwU b`xi bvg BZvw`|
weRb fvPvhi Rb 1915 mvji 17B RyjvB, gZz 1978 mvji
19k Rvbyqvix| weq Kib 1943 mvj cMwZkxj jwLKv gnvkZv
`exK| fviZ miKvi ZuvK mvbbv `b ivR GKvWgx cyivi I
KjKvZv wekwe`vjq _K gvbc I cyivi w`q| Avgiv ZuvK
wbqI Me KiZ cvwi| wZwb Avgv`i jvK|
28 |

ivRivoxZ ijIqi cmvi I knii Mvov cb

1860 Gi `kKi klfvM| wmcvnx wecex`i wbg~j mgv|
kl mgvU evnv`yi kvnRvdi ev`kv gvqybi mgvwaZ aZ| mne`x
cyq wmsnvmbi DIivwaKvix wcZvi mvgbB wbnZ | evgvq mgvUi
wbevmb ceI mb| mgM fviZ Kivq hv wbR `ki PvBZ cvk
Y eo| AXj m` mg| weki wewfb AjI Ggwb Dcwbek
BsiR`i Kivq | Bsjvkii ivR ZLb m~h A hvq bv|
wekvj GB mvgvRi Pvwn`v gvZveK gvji RvMvb w`Z wejvZi
KviLvbv jv mcmvwiZ KiI wgUvZ cviQ bv| bZzb bZzb Kj
KviLvbv gB cwZv cvQ Aviv evcK nvi Drcv`bi j, Avi
mjv mPj ivLZ PvB KuvPvgvji wbiewQb cevn hv mB me
Dcwbekjv _KB Avme ZviB wbavwiZ g~j| Avi cyZKZ
mvgMx mB DcwbekB wew ne weZviB wbavwiZ g~j| G Rb
m `ki wk cwZvb asm KiZ hKvb cv Aej^b Kiv Ges
wejvZi Pvwn`v gZv KuvPvgvj Drcv`b eva Kiv, Avi m `vwqZ
Dcwbek cwiPvjK gjxi hKvb cv Aej^b XvjvI gZv
c`vb| wekLvZ gmwjb wk kvbv hvq wkxi Avyj KU w`q asm
Kiv nqQ| Lv` Drcv`b evnZ Ki wejvZi Kvco Kji Rb
bxj Pvl GZv ew cvq hvi KzwV evwoi wP evsjvi cvh cwZwU Mvg
AvRv we`gvb| Avi GKvRi mnvqK G`kiB A_jfx LZve
cZvkx huviv kvgvPv` PveyK Z weZ Pvlxi AvZbv`I we`ygv
wePwjZ nbwb| AbK LZve avix cieZx Kvj LZve cZvLvb
KiQb mZ wK GKRbKB Rvwb whwb eo jvUi ckskv c I
Mnb Kib wb GB ej h- GUv `Lvj evRvi webv cqmvq hw` Pvj
AvbvR bv cvIqv hvq Ze GUv Avgvi wK KvR Avme, wZwb
kxkirP` Pvcvavq Iid `v`v VvKyi| JcbvwmK kir P`
29 |

Pvcvavqi mgmvgwqK| Avi `yRbi jLvB KvMR Qvcv nZv| K

KvbUvi jLK evSv hZ bv m Rb `e`vmi jLK kx kirP`
Pvcvavq wevw `~ixKiYv_ Leii KvMR wew w`qwQjb|
A` nBZ Avwg kx nxb nBjvg|
Gi ci _K wZwb Zuvi jLvq jLKi bvg kxnxb kir P`
PvcvavqB wjLQb| `v`vVvKzii Rxeb evi Dci GKUv
wmbgvI nqQ KjKvZvq| wZwb KjKvZv iwWI mUvi cwZvjM
_K cf~Zi Avmii GK fyZ wQjb| exi` K f` Qvov Ab
wZb f~Zi bvg weZ nqwQ| whwb weicv Qbvg wekic `kb
wjLQb| Ggb wK kx Rjai mb GKmgqi fviZel gvwmK ci
mv`K 2/12/1884 jW wicbi we`vq Dcj KvOvj nwiYv_
(1833-1896) wjwLZ wicb ckw cvov`n ij kb cvV Ki
ivq evnv`yi Dcvwa cvb | Avgv`i cvUI GKPwUqv fve Pj hZ
wejvZ| Avi Avgv`i mvMii jebUvI Drcv`b Kivi AwaKvi
nvwiqwQjvg Avgiv|
KuvPvgvj hZwkN cuQve wejvZi KjKviLvbvjv ZZv mPj ne|
GiB cwZ AbK mgq gvjUvbv RvnvRjv aviY gZvi PvBZ
Kg IRb wbqB iIbv w`Z eva nZv| RvnvR nvjKv nIqvq mvMii
XDZ D_vj cv_vj UvjgvUvj ivwjs wcwPs| mRb IBme RvnvR
jeY evSvB w`q RvnvR IRbi fvimvgZv iv Kiv nZv|
wjfvicyj e`i _K Gme jeY Avbv nZv ej Avgv`i `k GB
jeYK ejv nZv wjfvicyj m | `vgRvZ Kiv Avi cwienb
Amyweavi KviY Gjv mvMi cvi Dby vbB Wvws Ki iL
ga^fvMx G`kxq ekse` mwi j Lye mvq Gjv Zv`i
nvZ `Iqv nZv| GB eemvqxiv gvSga Kwg msKU mw Ki
Pov `vg evRvi wex Ki wecyj cwigvb m`i AwaKvix nqQb|
Rwg`vix wKbQb| LZve cv nqQb| BsiRivI PvBwQj Ggb
GKUv kYx G`k mw KiZ hviv ivRi hKvb QvULvU cwZev`x
K AsKziB wbRiv `gb Kivi gZv ARb KiZ cvi| 1857
mvji cybivewi m~Pbv `vbv euvavi AvMB webvm| vbxq gRyZ`vi
30 |

cvU eemvqxiv b`x Zxi eo eo `vg cvU gRyZ Ki KjKvZv

e`i b`xc_ cvVvZv| Avgv`i GB Aji wNIi Puv` AvMiIqvjv
GB kYxi GK eemvqx wQjb| hvi eemv K` GKmgq wNIi
evRvi 6bs Mvqvj` NvU bvg wwZ jvf Ki|
biwms`xi AviI GKRb Ggb eemvqx whwb bwmsn `ei `ievi
cv_bv RvbvZb Zvi cvU hb wejvZMvgx RvnvR Qo hvevi AvMB
e`i cuQ hvq| hv GK mgq mZ nqQ| Avi ZviB Aatb cg
cyil Kvbvqvi jvj kV ijIqi Rbvij gvbRvi c` AjKZ
KiQb GKmgq | ebvqvix jvj, ebexi jvj, wewiw jvj, bvmvqvi
jvj Zrcy GB Kvbvqvi jvj kV|
BsiRiv wek Ryo hZ Dcwbek Kivq KiQ Zvi cwiPvjbv `vwqZ
wekvj ` jvKej Mo IVvi chv mgq bv _vKvq wkwZ,
AawkwZ, gvwRZ, AgvwRZ, evQwePvi Kivi dzimr cvq bvB| mv`v
Pvgov njB ckvmwbK eo KZv nevi vi Dby Zvi| emwZ Movi
j wbq AbK Dcwbek Kq`x`iI Mvi`gy Ki cvwVq `Iqv
nqQ| wefvMxq eo KZv whwb 1/2 Ask 1/4 Aski wb Ges .5 h
.25 Gi wb AsK m~i G avibvI Zv`i wQj bv|
wejvZi hye mc`vq ^c `LZv fviZ Avmevi| GLvb evZvm
UvKv Io| `y`k eQi Migi GB cve ewRZ `k KvwUq AXj
m`i AwaKvix nq euvKx RxebUv ivRvi nvj KvUvevi| GLvbI
Zviv ivRvi nvjB w`b KvUvZv| wekvj evsjv Avi ekse` AmsL
`vm`vmx cwieZ nq| Mxi `ve`vn _K iv cZ miKvix
ckvmbi `i wbq vbvwiZ nq hZ kjvevm bwbZvj, wmgjv,
gvix, `vwRwjs, KvqUvq| GQvov Kvjv Pvgov Vvv weavq Mvq Mvq
Kvjv Pvgovi `vmx| vbxq PvgPv kYx Gme RvMvb w`qI AXj
m` KvwgqQ|
GB mgq wejvZ Zv`i wk weKvki Aviv GKUv myhvM cq hvb
Zviv| evkw PvwjZ iji Bwb| 1763 mvj Rgm IqvU
KUwji dzU cvwbi evi avvq XvKbv Xj Dci DVZ `L
GB ev kwK Aviv Kvb KvR jvMvbv hvq wK bv fveZ fveZ
ev kw PvwjZ Bwb Zix Ki djb| mUv wK ij Bwb bq|
31 |

1769 mvj wbKvjvm Rvmd KvMbU bvg divwm gKvwbK dv

c_g wg Bwb Zix Kib| mUvI ij Bwb bq| 1783 mvj Avi
GKRb divwm bvweK gvKzBm wW RyIq cvjZvjv RvnvR ev
PvwjZ Bwb mshvRb Kib| 1786 mvj BDwjqvg gviWm Ges
1797 mvj wiPvW Uwfw_K wg Bvbi gWj Zix Kib| wK
Gjv moK c_ Pjvi DchvMx Ki| 1800 Lxv AvgwiKvb
ievU dzjUb cyivcywi ev PvwjZ wgvi Zix Kib|
1804 mvj Bsjvi wiPvW Uwfw_K iji Dci w`q Pjvi Rb
xg Bwb Zix Ki 1812 mvj Bsjvi gv_ygyi `uvZ Iqvjv ij
jvBbi Dci LuvRKvUv PvKvi wg Bwb Pvjvb| cwiPvjb Amyweavi
KviY GUv DchvwMZv cvq bv| RR xdbmb 1814 mvj iji
Rb wg Bwb Dbqb Kib Ges 1825 mvji 27k m^i wbRi
Zix iKU bvgxq BwbwU NUvq 16 gvBj eM Pvwjq `Z gvjvgvj
cwienbi DchvwMZv cgvb Kijb| GB MvoxUv Pjvi mgq Nvo
mIqvi Bwbi AvM AvM wPrKvi Ki mZK KiwQj mi hvI mi
hvI ijMvox AvmQ|
AwaKZ Dcwbekjvq ^ mgq gvjvgvj mgy` e`i cwienbi
cqvRb Dcjw Ki fviZI Gi cwZvi DvM bqv nq|
evsjv`ki AwaKvsk eemv evwbR K` b`xKw`K| bKv Qvov
`~ieZx Kv_vI cwienbi Kvb eev wQj bv| Lvj bvjvq moK c_
evavcv nZv| mRb ij Kvvwb b`x mshvMi Dci cvavb
`q| cZ Aj _K mgy` e`iB g~j Me nIqvq ev^vBqi
cvix e`i _K _vb ch 21 gvBj c_ w`qB i nq fviZ
iji c`hvv 1853 mvji 16B Gwcj kwbevi| cixvg~jK GB
m~Pbvi mvdj gv 17 eQiB mvov fviZ Ryo Gi wevi NU
Awekvm `ZZvi mv_| G`ki ^v_ bq evwYwRK `wKvY _K
GB hvvi| hZ`~i Kg mgq Gi cwZv cvIqvi j wbq miKvix
GKK Zveavb `vwqZ bv iL wewfb evwYwRK cwZvbjvK wb`
GjvKv fvM Ki GKm KvR i Kiv nq| Avi GB KvvwbjvI
wK H `kxqB|
hgbt A.B.R Avmvg ej ijIq
32 |

B.D.R ej Wyqvm ijIq

B.N.W.R ej b_ Iqvb ijIq
B.N.R ej bvMcyi ijIq
S.S.R mviv wmivRM ijIq
A.N.R Avyjcyi beveM ijIq
B.B. & C.I.R ev^ eiv`v G mUvj Bwqvb ijIq
O.T.R AvD_ wZ ijIq
J.J.R hkvi wSbvB`n ijIq
GBmKj Kvvwbjv eivKZ wbR wbR GjvKvq vbxq cfvekvjx
jvK`i mveKUv `q| KviY fviZi KzmsvivQb mgvR ZLb
weavb w`qwQj ijMvwoZ Poj cvqw KiZ ne| KD ejjb
AwMPvwjZ hvbevnb Avqyq nq BZvw`| wejvZI c_g w`K
AwfRvZ mc`vq Bwbi weKU k Avi Kvjv auvqv cwiek web
Kivi ARynvZ Gi weivwaZv KiwQj|
G`kxq wVKv`viMY h aygv ij vcbvi KvRB wbqvwRZ njb
ZvB bq bv Abyhvqx Rwg AwaMnY Ges Gi Rb evoxNi MvQcvjvi
wZc~iYi g~j wbavib I c`vbi `vwqZI Zv`i `Iqv nq|
GZ`msv AbK weeiY cvIqv hvq| mvavib Kjv MvQi g~j
wbavwiZ nq `k UvKv (1870 `kK UvKvi g~jgvb mnRB Abygq
PvDji `vg ZLb 3/4 UvKv gb) hyw `Lvbv nq KjvMvQi evKj
c~Rvq KvR jvM| cvZvq Lv` cwiekb Kiv nq| _vo gvPv
BZvw` Lv` wnmve fvj ZiKvix, Kjv AwZ Dcv`q dj KvRB Gi
g~j GUvB bvqmZ| wRIj MvQI `vgx KviY GUv Rwgi eov
`Iqvi KvR jvM| G hb f~Zi evci kv| nvwW weR (mvov
cyj) ij PjvPji Rb Lyj `Iqv nq 01/01/1915 mvj|
ZrKvjxb fvBm iq AvbyvwbK fve Gi Dvab Kib 04/03/1915
mvj| Zvi bvgvbymviB Gi bvgKiY nqQ| 5940 dzU `xN GB
mZz wbgvb 24 nvRvi kwgK wbqvwRZ nqwQj| eq nqwQj 4
KvwU 74 j UvKv| 1910 mvj nvwW mZzi wbgvY KvR i nq|
360 dzU `xN 15wU vb cwZwUi IRb 1250 Ub| 2 KvwU 60 j
NbdzU cv_i Avi jvnvi wiwcU eeZ nq 17 j| wbgvY PjvKvjxb
33 |

mgq iU hvq mZzi MvVyi iv Kiv hvQ bv| w`b hZUv Muv_ybx
`Iqv nQ ivZ b`x Mf wewjb nq hvq| G hb AvjwKK Kvb
kw Mvi eb mn KiZ bvivR| GKkZ GKUv biejx bv w`j
A`k GB gnvkwK kv Kiv me ne bv| Avi GB msvi
cwZvi j `yPviUv biejx `IqvI wewP wKQy bq| H mgq _K
GZ`j Qj aivi NUbv Ges iUbv `yB-B evcK kvbv MQ|
mvovcyji biejxi LvivK ev wenvi Aji Kvwjqvixi kwgK ev Pv
evMvbi `vm ev Avmvgi Rj _K KvV msMn ev cv_ii cvnvo
f wec` mzj KvRi kwgK hvMvbi `vjvj kYx gvUv UvKvi
jvf G`kxq`i cjy Ki wbq hZ wbtm`n| ^bvgab Kwe
bxi`bv_ PeZxi VvKzi `vi QvU fvB wKkvi eqm nvwiq hvq
Mvi avi _K| gyi Mvgx gvjevnx bKvq ZvK kl `Lv
wMqwQj| Avgvi PvPvi QvU QjUvI wbLuvR nq| w`b kl KqK
gvBj `~i GK AvacvMjv jvKi Svjv _K ZvK Dvi Kiv nq|
wenvii Kvwjqvix Avi Avmvgi Pv evMvb ev cv_ii cvnvo `yMg
Gme Aj GKevi XyKj Avi kZ PvqI ewoq Avmvi Dcvq
_vKZv bv| RbemwZnxb Gme Aji `y`k gvBj GjvKv GB
`vjvjivB cvnvivq iZ _vKZv| Kqjv Lwbi Afi AvRKi gZv
gy evqyi cevni ev `yNUbvq Dvii Zgb DbZ eev wQj bv|
`yNUbv AvRI NU ZLbI NUwQj wK evBii RMZ m LuvR
cvqwb| Dvii nvvgvi Pq Pvcv `IqvB mnRZi hLvb cwZev`x
K^i AvRKi GB 2010 mvji Gwcj ivwkqvi mvBeixqv
Aji Kqjv Lwbi f~Mf h weviY nqwQj| `ki gvbyli
KvQ Zv ZvrwYK cKvk Kiv nqwb| Rvgvwbi wei weRq Drme
fvUv covi mvebvq|
Pv evMvbi KzjxivZv mviv w`bgvbi kg fvZ Lvevi gZv gRywiI
cvqwb| Ly` fvRv Avi jeb Pv Lq w`bi i, mvq PvjvB
`vKvb wbtkl nq SzcwoZ co _vKv| hyeZx Kzjx gq eo
mvnei fvMi mvgMx| gqi BZ nvbxi cwZev`i Reve wcZv
PveyK RRwiZ nq kl Avkq cqQ cvMjv Mvi`| nvRvi eQii
j j eMdzU KvV KU iji wcvi, mvnei Avmeveci
34 |

hvMvbI w`qQ GBme `vmivB, wnsm Ri mv_ jovB Ki, cU

wMq A_ev wc nq, `~Mg cv_ii cvnvo KU GivB hvMvb w`qQ
KvwU KvwU NbdzU cv_i| ai wbq eva Kiv nqQ Gme `vm`i|
wec` mzj Gme KvR ^Qvq kwgK cvIqv Ame| ij c_ wewQq
`Iqv cv_ii UzKiv cvnvo f wbq Avmv Pzwi hvIqv duv` cov
Gme gvbyli kgB AvRKi ij|
c_g KjKvZv _K XvKvi mshvM my`ieb nq h cve nqwQj Zv
my`iebi KvV msMn mnRZi Kivi DkB Avi bZzb GKUv mgy`
e`i cvIqvi myweav gv_vq iLB| Avi XvKvi mv_ hvMvhvMi
cqvRb `Lv w`j c~evj 1857 mvji NUbvi cybivew NUj ^
mgq evwnbx cibi K_v gv_vq iL| cv mZzI nq hZ wK
Luvov hyw w`q evavi mw Ki xgvi Kvvbxjv| Zv`i
GKPwUqv eemv wZM nevi Avkvq| bBj mvov cyj wbgvb
hLvb eq nqQ 5 KvwU UvKv m gv 18 j UvKv eq
ajkix cyj e nZv bv| hgbUv AvRI NUQ iji Dbqbi
cPvq moK cwienb msvjvi AbxnvRwbZ KviY| `vm msMn I
ciY DrmvwnZ Kivi j ij KZc Pv evMvb I Avmvgi Rj
kwgK cwienb Kvb fvov wbZ bv| 1884-85 mvj aygv iji
GKUv mKkb KvDwbqv aojvq Avq `vuovq 1,56,755/= UvKv aygv
hvx enb Ki| Gi GK PZz_vsk webv fvovi hvx Pv evMvbi kwgK
G _KB Abygvb Kiv hvq GKgv Avmvg AjB KZv kwgK Gw`K
_K MQ (BvZi c_)|
1960/65 mvj Avgv`i `k WAPDA cvwb wefvMK kZnx
ejv nZv| iji m~PbvjMI IUv hb f~Zi evci kv| Avgv`i
ivRevox Aji ek wKQy wVKv`vi wQjb huviv ijc_ Zix QvovI
BU fvUv w`qI cfyZ A_i gvwjK nq Rwg`vix wKbQb vei
Avei wekvj mwi gvwjK nqQb| mvMiKuv`xi ^bvgab MRb
`i wcZv Mvwe` `, wcZvgn iPiY ` Rwg`vix wKb
wejvmej Rxeb hvcb KiQb|
mvMiKuv`xZ wekvj cvmv` Zix Kib emevmi Rb| (MRb `
ivRevox Avmj emZb wbib cm cwicvwU cvlvK mwZ| fivU
35 |

Mjv| mviv evsjvq Zvi Awfbq LvwZ wQj| wbRB GKUv hvv `j
MVb Kib|
ivRevoxi wbeviY PeZx cwievi PjvPji DchvMx ivv bv _vKv
^ZI aygv AvwfRvZ cKvki Rb gvUiMvox wKb Avbjb|
hUv gyL _yeo co wMq kl Aewa (eZgvb wmvi Kvvbxi)
MvQZjvq Avkq cj fvyix bv nIqv Aewa|

`v`kxi mwjgyvgvb Payix UvKv w`q bvgi kl Payix hy Kivi

AwaKvi cjb ^`k AvMvmx weRvZxq`i KvQ _K| w`M Qvwoq
avwb Rwg, cvKv NvUjv euvavbv cyKzi hvi `Iqvj bg GmQ
Mwnbx`i muvZvi `qvi gZv Pnw cyKzii gvS eivei| cvKv
eVKLvbv I gmwR`| wbR eq evoxi cvk ij kb emvjb g~j
`v`kx Rskb kb _K 600 MR cye | `eMvgi bxjgwb m`vii
Aatb cyil ewmi Payix gvVi gvS MvRx wgvi cvUvbi evox
Kijb hUv elvKvj fvmgvb MvRx wgvi ejB gb nZv|
mvgmyj nK mvne Zv ay gg weq Ki GbB v njb bv GKevi
GKUv Av DovRvnvR/Gvivcb Gm bvgjb PZivi wej| mUv
Pi Kv`vq AvUK D Mj gyL _yeo| L L Ki movZ njv
mUv| GZme f~Zi evci kv QvovI Aek Zuviv mKjB
RbwnZKi me KvRB m _K wbR`i Aevb MoQb mgvRi
c_g mvwiZ|
my`ieb nq XvKv iji cve bvKP nq Mj 1855 mvj `yUv c
ve ivLv nq| c_gUv KwjKvZv _K hkvni nq dwi`cyi ILvb _K
XvKv| wZxqUv KwjKvZv _K Mvqvj`, mLvb _K XvKv| GUvi
^c hyw wQj, Mvqvj` AbK AvM _KB be`i wnmve
cwZwZ| mLvb KvU KvPvix, miKvix Aby`vb cv zj, wkwZ
ivRbwZK mgvR mPZb cwigj Mo DVwQj| ev mgvRiI
cmvi nq GLvb| Kw_Z AvQ dwi`cyii Kvji GLvb GmwQjb
36 |

fviZi kl mgvU evnv`yi kvn RvdiK wbevmbi mgq Zuvi

benii Z`viwKi Rb miKvix Av`kcv nq|
XvKv _K AvwiPv ch ij emvbvi RwicI mgv nqwQj hUv
Mvqvj`i Di eivei| GB ijc_i cveUvB MnY Kiv nq|
GBRb Gi evevqbi KvRI `ZB i nq hvq| gv mvZ eQiB
1862 mvji 15B bf^i KwjKvZv _K ivbvNvU nq RMwZ ch
ijjvBb PjvPji Rb Lyj `Iqv nq| hw`I Mvox RMwZ ch bv
Gm cvov`n Rskb nq fovgvivi MovB b`xi cvo wMq hvZvqvZ
KiZ _vK| MovB mZz ZLbI Zix nqwb| dix PjvPji gvag
Icvii wgUviMR jvBbi mv_ hvMvhvM iv Kiv nZ _vK|
GB mgq R.S.N wifvi xg bwfMkb I I.G.S.N Bwqvb
Rbvij xg bwfMkb Kvvwbi mv_ cvivcvii Rb Pzw Ki|
GB me Kvvbxi mvov cyj Zix nj Mvqvj` Zv`i RvnvRjv
Gb bvivqbM I Puv`cyii mv_ hvx I gvjvgvj cwienb KvR
jvMvq|
Gw`K RMwZ _K Kzwqv 16B deqvix 1864 mvj Ges MovB
mZz wbgvb mb nj 1867 mvj iji hvv i Mvqvj`i
Dk| hw`I GBmg c_Uv Rwic Ges cwiKbv Abyhvqx
GKmv_B wVKv`viiv Avcbvcb eivKZ KvR BwZgaB kl Ki
djb| evavM hUv nqQ mUv b`x ev Lvji Dci mZz wbgvb
wej^ nevi KviY| MovB mZz wbgvY bv nIqv ch Gcvii exR
jvi Rb- MvWvi, ij jvBb ev fvix mivg Avbv me nq wb|
P`bv b`xi Dci mZz Zix nZ `ix nIqvq cvskv kbi wKQyUv
cwg _K mvBW jvBb ewmq b`xi mv_ mshvM NUvbv nq| mUv
weePbvq Avbj bvivqbMi mv_ iji hvMvhvMi c_g NvU
cvskv| cvskv kbi cvk Bwb cvwb mieivn Kivi Rb GKUv
ev PvwjZ Bwb ewmq cvkeZx cyKzi _K cvwb Uv Zvjv
nZv| GB UvUvi avib gZv wQj 15988 Mvjb| hgbUv RMwZ
kbI emvbv nqwQj|
R.S.N Ges I.G.S.N Kvvbxi h mg wgvi bvivqbMi mv_
mshvMi KvR wj wQj mjvi bvg (a) GHAZI (b)
37 |

OSTRICH (c) PENGUIN (d) KIWI (e) FLEMIN GO

(f) MAHSUD (g) TERN (h) AJAX
cvq ekxi fvMB cvwLi bvg bvg| GB RvnvRjvi ga mePq
aviY gZv I AvqZb eo GHAZI | Avi mePq `Z MwZZ
PjZv OSTRICH|GQvovI R.S.N Ges I.G.S.N Kvvbxi
vbxq GRU whwb BsiR nZb Zvi emevmi Rb wQj my`k dvU
CURLEW| fviZxq`i GB c` wbqvM `Iqv nq AbK ci|
^`kx Av`vjbi mgq wgt Gvwjb bvgi GK mvne Lyb nb
(Hector Bolitho) Aviv GKRb Avgbi wkKvi nb fviZxq
Aatb KgPvixi mv_ Am`vPvibi KviY| Pibvivqbcyi wbevmx
gvt BmgvBj viv whwb Wvt ewmi Dwb mvnei fvBcv (Test of
time) mvne `o cvjvq| AviI GKRb `vivMv Lyb nq| nZvKvix
ivwnbx eoqv whwb AvfivR evey hLb dwi`cyi Rj wQjb cvki
kj _vKZb| Zuvi duvwm dwi`cyii Rj KvhKi nq| (Aviv
GKRb `vivMv Aatb wmcvB viv wbnZ nq mvbvKv`i NvU _vKvi
mgq| mUv Aek ewMZ Kvib) Lybxi bvg Aveyj nvmb
Kbej|
P`bv b`xi cyj cyYZv cj cvskvi mvBW jvBb e Ki w`q
nvovqvi Dci w`q mvRv Pj Avm ejMvwQ ivRevox ch Zgb
eo evav bv _vKv mZI ejMvwQ _K iji b`x mshvM bZzb mvBW
jvBbi gvag avIqvcvov NvU ch Avm| (Lye meZt m~ZvMv Gi
cyjUv ZLbI kl nqwb)| avIqvcvov NvUi b`xi fvb iji
GKUv Bwb Zwjq hvq RbkwZ AvQ o evSvB GKUv gnvRwb
bKv GB Wye Bwbi avvq Wye Mj Wyeyix bvwgq Gi cgvb
cvIqv hvq| Avi MvjM hviv Zwjq hvIqv BwbUvi Bm&j Mfxi
ivZ wbR Kvb bQb, Ggb Mv b nm Dwoq w`Z bv
mvZviv, jwZ nZv bv evI|
P`bv cyj cvi nq ij mgiLvq mvRv ejMvwQ Avm nvovqvi
Dci w`q| KvjyLvwj kb ZLb cwZv nqwb| iZbw`qv KvjyLvjx
kb vwcZ nq 1898 mvj nvovqv cvi fvb wewjb nevi ci
ZLb iZbw`qvq KvjyLvjx kb ij Avm P`bv cyj _K `wY
38 |

wKQyUv euvK wbq Avi mLvb _K ejMvwQ Avm Di wKQyUv euvK

wbq| KvjyLvwj Rskb kb icvwiZ nq 1jv Rvbyqvix 1932
mvj gayLvjx ch ij cwZv cj| ejMvwQ _K ivRevox|
gvSi m~hbMi kb ci cwZv cvq hUv ivRv m~hKzgvi n ivqi
wZZ| Avgv`i GB knii ij kbUvi bvg ivRevox ivLv nq|
_vbv, gnKzgv mn mg ckvmwbK Kvhg Pj Mvqvj` bvg|
ij kbi bvgKiY wbq cwZv jM jxKvji ivRvi `vex I
evbxen Rwg`vi`i weZK Zz DVwQj| kb GjvKvUv eZ
GZ`Aji meUvB evYxen Rwg`vi`i Rwg`vixi Ask wQj| Zuv`i
eskai DZb Avi Aatb AbKB BsiR miKvii DP Avmb
AwawZ wQjb| wkvqI H eski AbKB fviZi wewfb Aj
cwm wQjb| wke ki gRyg`viK 1803 mvj Mfbi Rbvij
KZK bvUvii ivbxi mieivnKvi wnmve wbqvM `Iqv nq| evYxen
Aj Ibv`i evoxUvKI vbxq Awaevmxiv ivRevox ejZv| evYxen
Rwg`vi`i Dcvwa gRyg`vi, ivRv bq| Zgb jxKvji ivRv
m~hKzgvi`iI Dcvwa n ivq, ivRv bq| GUv m`nvZxZ fve
cgvwbZ jxKvj ivRv`i bvg ij kbi bvgKiY ivRevox
nqwb| jvKbv_ fvPvh wjLQb m~hbMi kb ivRvi wZZ
ci cwZv cvq| RbkwZ AvQ ivRv m~hKzgvi KLbv ivRevox
kb _K ij Pobwb| nvwZZ Po m~hbMi wMq Ub aiZb|
hw`I m~ZvMvO cvo nZb wK fve Zvi DjL bvB| jvKbv_
fvPvhi jLv m~hbMi ij kb ivRvi wZZ ci cwZv cvq|
aviYv Kiv hvq ivRv ZLb MZ nqQb|
ivRevox vbwUi bvg 1500 kZKI cPwjZ wQj| mbKv`v bvgUvI
K`vi ivq c`| Aek Gi BwZe Avb` bv_ ivqi dwi`cyii
BwZnvm eYbvq g~j welqi mv_ wgj _vKjI bvg wKwZ cv_K
`Lv hvq| mgvR DPvb evb bv e` GB weZK evbK DP
Avmb `Iqvq e` eskxq K`vi ivqi gx kxg weic nb Ges
me`vB gb gb K`vi ivqi Awb Kvgbv KiZb| mvbvi Muvqi
ivRv Ckv Luv wg K`vi ivqi evj weaev Kb mvbvgwbK `L
AvK nb Ges K`vi ivqi KvQ mvbvgwbi cvwY cv_bv Kib| Ckv
39 |

Luvi avibv weaev gqK Zvi gZv civv Ges wg fvevcb ivRvi
nvZ mvc` KiZ K`vi ivqi Avcw ne bv| wK K`vi ivq
AZ i nq Ckv Luvi ivR Avgb Kib| gx kxg ivRcmv`
wdi ivbxK Dv msev` `b Ckv Luv ivRcvmv` Avgb Ki mvbv
gwbK Mvmi Dk AvmQ| K`vi ivq e`x| Dk mvbvgwb,
KvRB ZvK Zvi ki evox P`xc cvwVq `IqvB gj| cavbgx
iNyb`b Gi weivwaZv KijI ivbx gqi gj wPvq ivRx nb Avi
kxgi KvQB m `vwqZ `b| kxg Ckv Luvi ivR mvbvi Muvq
mvbvgwbK wbq Ckv Luvi nvZ mvc` Kib|
K`vi ivqi ivR mxgv hw`I m`xc ch weZZ wQj wK mUv
cZyMxR Rj`my Mvwjk cavb NvwU Ki wewfb Aj jyUZivR
PvjvZv| K`vi ivq Zvi mvnvh Qvov gM`my `gb Amg_ _vKvq
Mvwjmi `ivZ mn KiZb| cieZxKvj cZyMxR Rj`my m`xc
_K weZvwiZ nq fviZ gnvmvMii w`K Mgb Ki| mLvb GKUv
xc `Lj Ki w`wj bvg `q| Gi AvM Ckv Luvi mv_ GKZve nq
1602 mvj K`vi ivq gvMj AvwacZ A^xKvi Kij gvb wms
K`vi ivqK civ Kib| wK Zvi ivR Ko bb bvB| K`vi
ivqi GK KbvK MnY Kib|
Ckv Luvi mv_ gZvii ci 1603 mvj K`vi ivq GKvB Avevi
gvMj ekZv A^xKvi Kivq mbvcwZ wKjgK AvnZ Aevq K`vi
ivqK e`x Ki gvbwmsGi mgxc nvwRi Kivi c~eB K`vi ivqi
gZz nq|
wZxq gZ hUv cdmim KviU Avdqvm Avjevg 37/1 evsjv
evRvi XvKv _K cKvkK I cwiPvjK gvt Rwmg Dwb msiY
2001 msLvq cvIqv hvq|
AvwdKv gnv`k _K 1200 gvBj cwg mU njbv xc
cZzMxRiv c_g cavb NvwU vcb Ki Ges Dgvkv Aixc nq
fviZ Avm| m`xc AjUv wbR `Lj wbq GZ`j jyUZivR
PvjvZ _vK| gvMjivR bhy cvi`kx bv nIqvq G`i `gb Kiv
me nq bv| cZyMxR Rj`my cavb ZvwgMv Kvfvjnv dwi`cyii
ivRv K`vi bv_ ivq Payixi Kbv AwjKv ivq PayixK jyb Ki
40 |

m`xc wbq hvq Ges mLvbB ivR cwZv Ki| AbK evOvjx hyeK
GB `my`i mv_ hvM w`qwQj bvix fvM, g`cvb Avi m`i
jvf| Avgv`i GB Aj cZyMxR nvbv`vi`i Kvhg GB m`xc
_KB cwiPvwjZ nZv| gvMj mye`vi Bmjvg Luv GB cZyMxR
`my`i m`xc _K weZvwoZ Kib| Kvfvjnv AwjKv PayixK
b mbvcwZ Avwj, myik Avi Mvwe` G`i m g~j K` mU
njbvq cvwVq w`q B`vbkxqvi wZgyi Avvbv Mvo Ges wbRK
mgvU NvlYv Ki ivRi bvg `q w`wj|
AwjKvi wb`k Avwj Avi myik cZyMvji ivRavbx wjmeb iIbv
nq jb hvq| Zviv b mbvcwZ jW bjmbK bxq AvgvWv
asm mvnvh Ki| BsiRiv G`i K_v KLbv cKvk bv KijI
mcwZ myBwWk MelK ivbv mbmb mU njbvi Dci MelYv
Ki GB Z_ ei KiQb| BsiRiv Dgvkv Aixc nq fviZ
Avmvi c_ Rb wbq AvwjK wbzi fve nZv Ki|
K`vi ivq Payixi Aatb cyiq ^vaxb fviZi Rbvij Rq ivq
Payix cZ~MxR`i kl Dcwbek Mvqv gy Kib| K`vi ivqi
Aci GK kvLv nhiZ Lvb Rvnvb Avjxi KvQ Bmjvg MnY Kib Ges
Rvnvb Payix bvg LvZ nb|
K`vi ivq Payix Zvi KbvK nvwiq ivRavbxi GK Aski bvg `q
mRbKuv`v, bvgUv AvRv AvQ|
mU njbvi Awaevmxiv wgk ii, evOvjx, AvwdKvb I BsiR|
evOvwjiv GLb Avi evsjvq K_v ej bv|
ivRevox _K c_g NvUjvBb Pj hvq `v`kx gvRvii Mv Nul
DovKv`v nq Mvqvj` R.Gj. 12bs `vM cqjv Rvbyqvix 1871
mvj| GKUv eo mZy cvi nq (cuvP MvWvi wewk vbxq fvlvq
MvVyix) Avi GUvB g~j Mvqvj` NvU hvi m~cvZ nq 01/01/1871
mvj GB RvqMvUvi bvgB Mvqvj`| `vM bs R.Gj. 12| hUvi
GKUv MvVyi AvRv wUK AvQ| GB vbUv cv hgybvi mgj|
GLvb w`qB Avmvg bc_ gvjvgvj wbq RvnvR bKv PjvPj
KiZv| xgvii Rvjvbx Kqjvi wekvj fvvi GLvb Mo IV
41 |

jvjMvjv ch weZZ nq, gvwU Lyuoj Kv_vI Kv_vI AvRv Kqjv

cvIqv hvq|
cvi MfxiZv I mvZi MwZeM KbvZxZ| MfxiZvi cwigvc
cvIqv hZ Bwjk aivi Rvji iwki gvc _K| Kv_vI Kv_vI 150
dzUiI ekx| cej mvZ DwRq RvnvR AbK mgq GZ cviZv
bv| ZLb GB RvnvRjv GLvbB bvi Ki Acv KiZ eva
nZv| ij cwZviI AvM 1869 mvj dwi`cyii Kvji wjL hvb
h QqLvbv RvnvR cv hgybvi mshvM f` Ki AMmi nZ bv cvivq
Mvqvj` bvi Ki _vKZ eva nq| (Avb` bv_ ivq) ZIZv
ivRvi evoxUv Mvqvj` _K mgiLvq Di, aviYv Kiv hvq XvKv
_K AvwiPvi ij emvbvi h Rwic nq Zvi Aevb Gw`KUvZB
ne| Mvqvj` R.Gj. 12 `vM c_g ij cuQ hvq cqjv Rvbyqvix
1871 mvj| GLvb NvUi Aevb 1887 mvj ch| b`x fvb i
nj KzkvnvUv Avi Zvi Avkcvk Aevb wbqI wUKZ bv ci NvU
Pj Avm ivRevox jvKv mWi cvk w`q mvbvKv`i nq `yBUv
eo mZz cvi nq `~Mvcyi| mZz `yBUvi GKUvi fMvekl GLbI `Lv
hvq| AbUvi BU f Lyj bevi mgq vbxq GKRb Pvcv co gviv
hvq| `~Mvcyii NvUi Aevb 1898 mvj ch|
mePq weqKi w`K nQ ij mK whwbB wjLyb `~Mvcyi NvUGi
AvMgb, Aevb Kvj GgbwK bvgUviI DjL cvIqv hvq bv| GLvb
NvU GmwQj GUv mZ | 01/01/1871 mvj Mvqvj` bvgi
RvqMvZB Mvqvj`i c_g cwZv| 1888 mvj fvb RvqMvUv
wejxb nj NvU `~Mvcyi Avm| hw`I cuvPzwiqv ch jvBb hvq
01/04/1890 Avi `v`kx Rskb wnmve ghv`v cvq wK 1898 mvj
Gi AvM cuvPzwiqv nq NvU jvBb cwZwZ nqwb| wbqwgZ cuvPzwiqv
w`q Mvoxi hvZvqvZ _vKj U Ae UvBg-ZwgRDwb Lvbi jLvq
cvIqv hvq 1890 mvji wKQy ci wK 1898 Gi AvM Kbbv
1898 mvji 26k Avei LvbLvbvcyi ch ij em MQ|
Ibv`i ILvb _K ijMvox `Lvi Rb nuU e jvK AvmZv |
KvRB aviYv Kiv hvq cuvPzwiqv nq NvU jvBb 26/10/1898 nIqvB
42 |

me| 1888 _K 1898 ch NvUi Aevb `~Mvcyi| hw`b _K

cuvPzwiqv nq NvUi cwZv mw`b _KB `~Mvcyii mgvw|
1887 mvj Mvqvj` AevbiZ zj hUv (ivRv m~hKzgvi
wWwcAvB.wmG gvwUb mvnei Abyiva wKQyw`b cwiPvjbvi fvi bb)
miKvix `i Lvbv BZvw` ivRevox Pj Avm eU Ze bvg c~eer
Mvqvj`B _K hvq| Avgiv Mvqvj` gnvKzgvi ivRevox nW
KvqvUvii evwm`v nB| cv_wgK Aevq ckvmbi me wefvMi
`iMyjv cvKv Kiv me nq bvB| mRb cyivZb gyd KvU wews
Gi vcbv Kvj 1926 wQj| Zgwb mve wWwfkbvj Awdmvi Mvqvj`
1910 mvji wmj gvnii GKUv bgybv Avgvi msMn AvQ hUv
Abygvb Kiv hvq GmwWI Awdm Dvab mgq Kvji| GB BgviZUv
AvRKi wW.wm Awdm Aevb wQj| GB bZzb BgviZi wfw
MVbKvj cyivZb wewsUvi Mfxi GKUv cvKv vcbvi wP cvIqv
hvq hUv cyivcywi DrcvUb me nq bvB| KZ~nji mw KijI
Kviv gbvhvM Kvowb|
1898 mvj `~Mvcyi _K NvU cuvPzwiqv nq Pj hvq wewfb RvqMvq
c~eg~Lx cvov evRvi, ZbvcPv wNIi evRvi 6bs NvU, Rvgvjcyi,
Kbmvbv hvi Avmj bvg Pi Kivbkb BZvw`| 1898 mvj GKUv
kvLv jvBbI ei Kiv nq hUv DRvbPi hvq eZgvb hUv Mvqvj`
evRvi bvg cwiwPZ|
AviI GKUv kvLv jvBb nq dwKivev` ch hw`I mLvb NvU hvq
bvB| w`bvK mvnvbx Kwei Zuvi c~eevsjv ijIqi BwZnvm wjLQb
01/04/1890 mvj cuvPzwiqv ch jvBbi Dvab Ges cuvPzwiqv _K
NvU jvBb 26/10/1898 ZvwiL| 20/10/1898 ZvwiL cuvPzwiqv
_K wkeivgcyi ij Pvjy nq Rskb bvgUv LvbLvbvcyi ch ij
mcmvwiZ nevi KviY| hgb RMwZ ch ij mcmvwiZ nevi
KviY cvov`nK Rskb DjL Kiv nqQ| ijMvox ZLbI wbqwgZ
RMwZ AvmZv bv| Zgwb cuvPzwiqv _K LvbLvbvcyi ch ij
cwZvi Rb mivgevnx Mvox cuvPzwiqv hZ mUv `LZ Gm
ZwgRwb Lvb mvne xcvi wcQj co wMq AvnZ nb Avi mUv
LvbLvbvcyi ch ij jvBb mcmvwiZ nwQj ZLb| Zvi Rb 1889
43 |

mvj KvRB G NUbv 1890 Gi ci I 1898 Gi AvM| Mvqvj`

Avmvi j wbqB iji hvv KvRB Me bv cuQvbv ch bvg
eeZ nZ cvi bv| hgb-cvskv NvU I avIqvcvov NvU cvqwb|
Avi Mvqvj` bvgi RvqMvUv `v`kx w`qB R.Gj.12bs `vM hvi
mwVK ZvwiL bv cvIqvq w`bvK mvnvbx Kwei mveK Mvqvj` `v`kx
w`q wjLQb| ZvwiLUv wQj 01/01/1871| `v`kx Rskb nq
cuvPzwoqv ch ij jvBb mcmvixZ nj | hw`I NvU jvBb ZLbI
cuvPzwoqv nq cwZwZ nqwb | jvKbv_ mvii wZK_vI Gi
mg_b cvIqv hvq| 1898 mvj ij Mvqvj` ch bZzb kvLv jvBb
cwZvi mgq Zuvi eni KvjyLvjxi evoxi wVK gaw`q hvq mRb
Zuviv bZzb Avevm iZbw`qvq Mo Zvjb|
GLb Avgiv GKUv wmv AvmZ cvwi 1867 mvj MovB mZz wbgvb
nj cvskvi P`bv mZz cwZv bv nIqvq AZ 1869 mvj ch
mvBW jvBb w`q b`x mshvM gvag xgvi hvM XvKvi mv_
hvMvhvM iv Kiv nq| P`bv exR cwZv cj ejMvwQ w`q mvBW
jvBb avIqvcvov NvU Ges 01/01/1871 mvj /`v`kx w`q g~j
Mvqvj` mshvM c~YZv cvq Ges GB j wbqB iji AvMgb|
Mvqvj` e c~e _KB eo b`x e`i miKvix KvU KvPvix zj Avi
gnKzgvi ghv`v cqQ| 1872 mvj dwi`cyi Rjvi Av`ggvixZ
Mvqvj` gnvKzgv DjL Ges Mvqvj`, ejMvwQ, cvskv _vbvi DjL
AvQ| 1888 mvj b`x fvb Mvqvj` b`x Mf wejxb nj NvU
Pj Avm ivRevox jvKvkW nq `yBUv exR cvi nq `~Mvcyi| hUv
1898 mvj wejxb nq NvU Pj hvq cuvPzwiqv w`q 26/10/1898
mvj ZbvcPv DRvbPi wNIi evRvi| Pi Kvivbkb, Rvgvjcyi,
BZvw` RvqMvq| miKvix fve ij ev wgvi wUKU Mvqvj` jLv
_vKjI vbxq`i KvQ vbxq bvgB GB NvUjv cwiwPwZ cvq|
wZxq wekhy PjvKvjxb mgq NvUi Aevb Avevi DovKv`vq 1948
mvj XvKv hvevi c_ ewQiDwb Payixi MvRx wgvii m`k evoxi
cvk w`q ij Po MwQ| mmgq NvU ZbvcPv Aj| 1950 Gi
ci Avevi Avm mvbvKv`i| GLvb _K Pj hvq DRvbPi evey
cvov nq Ges eZgvb vqxZ jvf KiQ `jZw`qvq|
44 |

Mvqvj` bvgi m~cvZ mK Rvbv hvq bv| jvK mvi evsjvq

wjLQb Mvqvjb` BsiRxZ Mvqvjvv| Kviv Kviv gZ
cZyMxR Rj`my`i wePiY wQj GB AjUv| I`i fvlvq GUvi
A_ gRv`vi Lvevii vb| Avevi Avie mvMi cZzMxR`i Dcwbek
Mvqv hvi mv_ GB bvgi mvgmZv AvQ| Gi cQbI hyw AvQ
Avgiv `LwQ ivRevoxi wgwcwi 20Uv wgwi `vKvb Ges GZ`
Aji evwm`v`i `yai hvMvb b`xi Icvi _KB AvmZv Avi Zv
LyeB DrKgvbi Avi MvgvskZv cZzwMR`i wcq Lv`|
1871 mvjB ij Zvi cwiPvjbvi Rb vqx Aevbi cqvRbxqZv
eva Ki Ges ivRevoxKB GRb eQ bq| 12wU wefvM Ges Gi
Aaxb AbK Dc-wefvM mn 877Rb vqx KgPvix wbq 312 GKi
RvqMv cv_wgK fve AwaMnY Ki KvVvgv Zix KiZ i Ki hv
Aviv mcmvwiZ nq ciZxKvj Avi Gw`bUv _KB ivRevoxi i|
iji mKj wefvMi Awab wKQy kvLv wefvMI wQj| AbK mgq
mvgwqK wbhyw w`q jvK cyiY Kiv nZv|
(1) wmwfj Bwwbqvwis wefvM, whwb GBGb mg wefvMiB
Lei`vix Kivi AwaKvix
(2) wPwKrmv wefvM| GKRb Wvvi I mnKvix whwb `yNUbvRwbZ
AvnZ`i wPwKrmv I webvg~j Jla weZibi `vwqZ wbhy
_vKZb|
(3) wcWveyDAvB cvgvbU Iq Bci whwb ijc_ myMg ivLvi
`vwqZ _vKZb|
(4) AvBWveyD Bci Ae IqvKmc| whwb mg AeKvVvgv, iv
vNvU, weR, KvjfvU Ges NvU fvb iva eev MnYi `vwqZ
_vKZb|
(5) KviR wefvM| G`i `vwqZ gvjMvox cvmvi eMx PjvPji
DchvMx ivLvi `vwqZ|
(6) jvKv wefvM| Bwbi hveZxq iYvebi `vwqZ|
(7) Kgvwkqvj wefvMi `vwqZ, gvjvgvj eywKs, wUKU weq, MvW
wUwUB Ufwjs wUKU Gvwgbvi, wUwm wUKU Kvji, kb
gvvi BZvw`|
45 |

(8) mvwbUvix wefvM, Wvg, g_i, Svo`vi ij GjvKvi LvbvL`

gkv wbab I Mvoxi Toilet cwivi BZvw` cwiQbZvi
`vwqZ|
(9) wbivcv wefvM| mecKvi gvjvgvj cvnvov QvovI cwZwU Ub
cvnvovq wbhy _vKZv mRb Avjv`v GKUv Kvgiv eiv `qv
nZv| BqvW IqvMbi mvewYK cvnviv|
(10) wmMbvj wefvM| UwjMvdi Ui Uvi gvag ev Uwjdvb
cavb Awdm cvKkxi mv_ hvMvhvM Ges mB gvZveK kb
gvviK AewnZ KiY|
(11) c KvK| gvwmK eZb c`vb BZvw`|
(12) Rwg AwaMnY I LvRbv Av`vq BZvw`|
(13) cwZwU eMxi wbP PvKvi kvdUi mv_ cywj jvwMq RbviUi
_K we`yr Drcv`b Ges evUvix PvR mn Avjvi me DcKiY
ibveY BZvw`|
ij Zvi 877 Rb vqx KgPvix 312 GKi RvqMv wbq Avi AmsL
Avqx KgPvix wbq c`Pvibvq gyLwiZ nq ivRevox evRvi Avi
emwZ|
1875 mvji AvM ZLbI emwZ vcb Kibwb Av^vwoqvi Pi _K
AvMZ Mni gvjv, wKby wgw Avi wbevib PeZx ewaz GB wZb
cwievi GivB ivRevox cwZvi cw_KZ ejv hvq| KvU KvPvix, _vbv
wenxb, wew KvRxKv`v mbKv`v `wY fevbxcyi Avi Di
jxKvj ayw I fvRb cwievi webv`cyi GB wQj ij c~eivRevoxi
wP|
h PZivi wej w`q cvi DcP cov mvZaviv cevwnZ nZv ZviB
eyK wPo ij c~eMvgx nq Djyqvi Pi (DjyLvMovi Pi) cwZv cj
jvKvmW Aj Avi Kzgvicvov hUv NbemwZc~Y eovWvvq icv
i| Kzgvicvovi AwZi wP AvRv GZ`j gvwU Lbb Kvj
cvovgvwUi ZRmci fvv Ask cvKvi cvIqv hvq| eZgvb 2bs
ijMU nq evRvi hvevi mvRv h c_Uv MQ Zvi cwZv AbK
ci| mxgve GB wQj Avw` ivRevox|
46 |

iji wewfb kYxZ wef Awdmvi`i Rb my`k `vZjv evsjv

3/4 weNv RvqMv wbq Avi evey kYxi Rb Qbi evox| ZZxq kYxi
Rb QvU QvU Rvbvjv Iqvjv `yB Kvgiv wewk Pvi cwievii GK
avKvi cvKv mW| Awdmvi Avi evey`i evoxi mvgb h_ RvqMvq,
evMvb cwiPhvi Rb 10/12Rb gRyi me`vB mevq wbqvwRZ|
Avevmb eevq bwUf Avi kvmK PvL Avyj w`q evSvZ nZv
bv| Avqx KgPvix`i Kvb Avevmbi eev wQj bv| eo mvne`i
evsjvq meK`i `vZjvq IVvi Rb Avjv`v cuPvbv wmwoi eev|
c`ghv`v Abyhvqx Zuv`i kvj mjyb Kvi m`vB cZ _vKZv
cvUdgi 2bs Avi 3bs iji gvS mjyb BqvW| KvQvKvwQ
chebi Rb _vKZv gvbyl Vjv Ujx|
evey I mvne`i Rb Mo IV Uwbm MvD, Kve Ni, wPjWb cvK
(hUv eZgvb i nvDR), dzUej gvV, w_qUvi nj, jvBeix, zj
iji cvVkvjv, wPwKrmvi Rb nvmcvZvj| webv`bi Rb GKevi
wgbv evRvi kvj UbI GmwQj| Avjv Sjgj `vKvb _i _i
mvRvbv jvfbxq Ljbv BZvw` DrmyK gvbyli gjv 5bs ij
jvBbi duvKvUvq|
iji nvmcvZvjUv c~YZv cvq 1936 mvj| wcvx mvne whwb
1922/23 Gi mgq GBGb wQjb| Zuvi x Amy nj cvewjK
nvmcvZvj wPwKrmvaxb Aevq gviv hvb| mLvb Avjv`v wdgj
IqvW bv _vKvq wZwb wbR evq GKUv wdgj IqvW cwZv Ki `b|
gZ xi KeiUv AvRv cvewjK jvBeixi cwg `Lv hvq| ILvb
cwZ mvq evwZ Rvjvbv nZv| wZwb wQjb vbxq evM`x gq|
mvne Pjhvevi mgq xi gvqi Rb gvwmK gvmvnvivi eev Ki
hvb| mvnei m Avgvi evevi mymK wQj Ges wZwbB Avgvi
evevK iji PvKzixZ envj Kib| Avgv`i evoxZ Zvi GK cyi
Qwe wQj hUv 1971 mvj cyo hvq|
Rbi gyZ AvRvbi awb Kvb MQ bv Ubi euvwk ejZ cviev
bv Ze xg Bwbjv Mvwo wbq cvUdg Qvovi ci wVK evoxi mvgb
Gm Kvb dvUvbv fuv evRvZv| MvW cZzi meyR cZvKv Dwoq
Reve w`Zb| Avevi Ub kb fuovi mgqI WvBfvi fuv evRvZv
47 |

mUv mvgbi MUgvbK mZK Kivi Rb| mvivw`b ivZ PjZv

Kv_v Kv_v _K AvMZ gvj evSvB Mvoxi Mei jvBb evQvB
Ki mvRvbv ce, KvbUv Kv_vq hve b^i Abyhvqx| 22 PvKvi
wekvj Bwb GKmv_ 50/60Uv gvjMvox wbq AvmZv| cwZwU Mvoxi
avib gZv QvU Pvi PvKvi IqvMb 22Ub Avi 8 PvKvi jv 44 Ub
avv w`q QW w`j J jvBb `uvwoq _vKv Mvoxi mv_ avv jM
h k nZv Abf Kvb AvZxq KD Gj ivZ AvuZK DVZv|
AvM Aek G SvU Avgv`i cvnvZ nZv bv| ZLb kvwUs nZv
jvKvkWi me `wb h DPy wXwei gZv Pj MQ wejUvi cvo
Nl mLvb _K Av avv w`jB Mwoq Mwoq Pj AvmZv
gvjMvwojv| IUvK nv mvwUs ejv nZv| GB cwZUv Kb e
nq Mj ejv hvq bv| gvj fwZ Mvwojv hviv evQvB Ki wewfb
jvBb muvRvZv Zv`i c`ex mvUvi| cii K w`q AvUKvbv
Mvoxi K LyjZv Avi ILvb _K nvgv w`q ewoq AvmZv cvq
Pj Aevq| w`b nvZi Bmvivq ivZ evwZi wewfb Av`vjb Ki|
WvBfvi mBgZ GZv ev wcQvZv|
K LyjZ Amyweav nj WvBfviK ejZv K evK gvb mvgvb GKUz
GwMq `vI| I`i gyL DPvwiZ nZv ceK| wmivR cvMjv
ceK ejj c_g `yPvievi ejZv wc bv wc bv| Zvici
Dj nq `LvZv| evRvi `yz jvKi Afve bvB IK GKUv wewo
w`q wkwLq w`Z gvbei KvDK ceK `LvZ| g GUv Ggb
chvq cuQvjv h ckvmb _K Av`k w`q ceK Gi Dci
wblavv Rvix KiZ nq|
1950 Gi `kK Leii KvMRi GRU wQjb cuvPzwiqvi wbevib
Pex| Nwo ai wVK evivUvq XvKv gj Mvqvj`i Dk Qo
hZ | QywUZ evev evox Gj Avgvi wWDwU wQj QvZv gv_vq iji
avi `uvwoq _vKv| MvW fvb _K myyZvq gywoq wbevib KvKv Qyuo
dj w`Zb Umgvb KvMRi evwjUv ZLb GfveB KvMR wewj
nZv |
MvoxUv Pj Mj ij jvBbi wKQyUv Ask duvK nq hZ LUvs LUvs
Ki| cvki Zvii mvwi _K GKUv `yUv ZviI muvr Ki mo hZ
48 |

Avi wmMbvj mvRv nq hZ |GUv Kweb gvbi KvimwR eySZvg|

cye cvi KwebUv evmvi mvgbB| `ycyi mevB wekvgiZ| Avgvi
Dci bRi`vixI wkw_j| GB Aemi GKw`b Pj Mjvg Kweb |
c_gw`bUvZB wav KU Mj Kweb gvbi m`q evenvi |
wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ mLZvi gZv nq hvq| wZwbB AvgvK Mvox Qo
hvIqv, Avmv, Kvb wjfvi Uvbj Kvb jvBbi cqU mU ne
kLvb| hw` cyew`K _K Mvox Avm Ze ASM Rvbveb cwg
cabinman K cye w`Ki wjfvi jK Lvjvi Rb| cwg cabin
IUv Lyj w`j hgb cye Gi wjfvi Lyj hve Zgwb cwgi w`Ki
wjfvi jK nq hve | gvb cwg _K Avi Kvb Mvox Avmvi
AbygwZ cvebv| cvUdg cuvPUv jvBb _vKjI PviUv hvx IVvbvgvi
evenvi Kiv hvq| GRb cabin Ni GKUv KuvPi ev e`ywZK
PviUv wmMbvj AvQ| ASM hUvq h b^ii wmMbvj WvDb Kieb
mUv hZb bv cvUdg Mvox Bb KiQ ZZb H AevqB _vKe|
gvS `yNUbv NUj Kviv `vl Kviv Dci Pvcvbvi Dcvq bvB| ij
cUi mv_I jK AvQ Zvjv Pvwei gZv 1bs jvBbi Mvoxi Rb
cqU wVK nj ZeB 1bs wmMbvj WvDb ne| AbUv Uvbv hvq bv|
wbtwQ` wbivcvi evev| mRb KLbI GLvb Head on
collision nebv| ASM AvMi h kb _K MvoxUv AvmQ
mLvb GB mg KvR mgvav nevi ci GKUv mynP wUcj ILvb
iwZ wm`yK _K GKUv b^i jvMvbv Mvjv ewoq Avme| Bwb
WvBfvii KvQ iwZ GKUv eo wis qi cKU IUv AvUK wbR
ndvRZ ivLeb| MvoxUv hw` _y cvk nq Zvnj Pj Aevq cwZwU
kb _K WvBfvi K mLvb& Mvjv wbZ ne Avi AvMi Mvjv
nvi KiZ ne| GUvB WvBfvii Qvoc GwMq hvIqvi|
Nb Kzqvkvq WvBfvi wmMbvji meyR ev jvj evwZ `LZ ev_ nZ
cvi mRb ASM Lvjvmx w`q Fog signal outer signal Gi
ILvb 10 dzU Ai Ai mU Kivi eev beb| Rvi k Ki
Ijv dvU| 1Uv dvUj Mvox Avi Ge bv| Lvjvmxi KvQ wjwLZ
ASM Gi Qvoc cj ZeB m Ge| mwZ iji cwZv jM
h evDj MqwQjb BsiR`i eyw fvix b`xi Dci Lv^v Mo
49 |

Pvjvq ijMvox| Kwebi cvkB Carrege KviLvbv GLvb cwZwU

eMx mPj ivLvi `vwqZ whwb _vKb wZwb Head train examiner|
ZrKvj Mvoxi PvKvi kvdU ej weqvwis Gi eenvi wQj bv| wmmvi
AaP`vKwZ cvZi Dci eMxi Pwmm emvbv _vKZv| GB wmmvi
cvZ wcwQj ivLvi Rb ILvb GKUv e ewmq Zj fRv SzU fi
`Iqv nZv| cieZx Zj `evi w`bi ZvwiL wjL| cwZwU Mvoxi
wbP w`q cvBc emvbv AvQ Avi mUv cwZwU eMxi mv_ mshvMiI
eev AvQ| hvi Afvi evZvm gy Kij Mvoxi eK AvjMv nq
hvq| Avi mUv Bwbi gvUi w`q cv Ki evZvm ei Kiv nq|
cwigvci wgUvi Zvi msLv MvW Ges WvBfvi `L wbicb KiZ
cvib Mvoxi PvKv AvjMv nqQ wKbv|
hw` Kv_vI wjK _vK Avi KvwLZ msLv bv IV WvBfvi `yUv QvU
QvU Avi GKUv j^v euvkxi fuv evRvj wUGAvi Gm Gwelqi
cixv Avi eev beb| wUGAvi Aek AvMB eMxjvi
DchvMxZv b^i wjL ASM -K `eb| MvW GB b^i wgwjq
eMxjvi `vwqZ beb| GB KviR Awdm wQj wcwP`i MvjPvv
Pvjvbvi hvMvb `vZv| mRb wcwP`i AvbvMvbv GLvb jMB
_vKZv| Gi ci P.W.I wefvM| ij jvBbi ibvebi fvi
GB wefvMi Dci| gvbyl Vjv Ujxi Dci e cvZv wekvj mv`v is
Gi QvZv APWI LvZv Kjg wbq ewoq coZb| Kv_vI wcvi
_K wcb AvjMv nqQ wKbv| cv_i mo wMq jvBb `e MQ
wKbv me cvki Uwjdvb cv-G gvBj I LywU b^i wjL Aat
b`i wb`k `eb| gvS ga bg eWMRi gvc 5-6 wVK AvQ
wKbv jvnvi j ewmq `L wbZb| ciw`b AmsL Avqx kwgK
MuvBwZ kvej wbq mB me vb givgZi KvR jM hZ| Kv_vI
nuBI nuBI jvBbUv mg iLvq AvbQ Kv_vI wXj nq hvIqv wcb
bZzb Ki jvMvQ| GB me Avqx kwgK A` Ges Mvg _K
AvMZ mnR mij gvbyl KvR bvg jLvZ UzcvBm MQv w`Zb|
evRvii `vKvbxivI euvwK LvZvq my` mn GKUz ekxB wjL ivLZb|
mviv gvmi gvqbv bevi mgqI Av`ve AviR KiZ nZv evey`i,
UvjK aij mvnei evsjvq evMvb cwiPhvi KvR cjB Giv
50 |

eZ hZv| AvB.I.WveyB wefvMI Avqx kwgKi cqvRb nZv|

ewki fvM Qbi QvDwb Ni| mjv AninB cvvZ nZv|
elvKvj exRjv gKxi gyL coj cvBwjs BZvw` GB AwdmUvq
me`vB Qb euvki gRyZ _vKZ wekvj| Avgv`i Ljvi gvVi cwiwai
wP `evi Pzb hvMvb w`Z Gbviv KLbv Awbnv cKvk Kib bvB|
jvKv wefvM| iji cvY| iji h wekvj KgKv Zvi cvb`b
GB jvKvmW| `~i `~iv _K Bwbjv GLvb Gm Xj coZv
eqjvi Lvwj Ki mg Rj Kqjv So dj w`q|
ev eqjvi hv Rg _vKZv mdwU evj ^qswq QvovI Avi GKUv
_vKZv hUv nvZj Nywiq meUv ei Ki djZv weKU k hv `yB
gvBj `~i _KI kvbv hZ| UzwKUvwK givgZi cqvRb GKUv
KviLvbvI wQj| eqjvi Vvv nZI mgq jvMZv `y&Pvi w`b|
eqjvii dvqvi exK givgZ KiZ Kzcx Rj XyK coZv Lvjvmx|
wkDi IVvi gZv ecviUv| Kx fqi Avi KVvi kg w`q Lvjvmxiv
KjvbxZ Zj fRv SzU wbq wdiZv Rvjvbxi Rb| Aek cvov
KqjvI vd`i mevB cZb| Bwbi cvov Kqjv msMn Kiv nZv
wVKv wnmve| wZb wUb msMnKvix cZ GK wUb| Aek wnmvei
nidi Ki bwQ jvLvcwZ nq MQb KD KD| Kvjv iOi
BwbjvI PKPK Kvjv| Kvb KvbUvq wcZji Puv` Zviv,
KvbUvq WBfvii bvg jLv| h hZUv cvib mvRvZ Pv KiZb|
Kg hvevi cwZi AvM b Kqjv evSvB Kiv nZv| w`b
ivZ KZh eZv| xg Bwb Pvwjq cvki cyKi _K DPy
UvOKUvq cvwb IVvbv nZv Pwek NUv| Bwb ewM QvovI mg ij
emwZ GjvKvq hvi cevn me`vB| GKevi cv BwbUv weMo Mj
Bwb _K cvBc mshvM w`q ev wbZ `LwQ cvUv Pvjy
KiZ|
1947 mvj ci Kqjvi NvUwZ `Lv `q| ZLb Lwo Rvwjq wKQyw`b
Bwb Pvjy ivLv nZv| cieZx Kvj bvc_v Zji UvsK ewmq
cwZwU Bwb Zj Rvwjq ev Drcv`b Ki PjQ wKQyw`b| Zvi
ci AvRKi Bwbi AvMgb nIqvq Kqjvi Bwb evwZj nq hvq|
bwQ wbjvg Ijv wew Ki `Iqv nqQ|
51 |

Avivgi PvKwi wiwjd Ubi| Ke jvBbPzZ ne mw`b WvK coe|

jvKvmW _K j^v fuv GKbvMvo evRj ZwoNwo mgeZ nZb|
wiwjd Ub _vKv LvIqv mn ^qsm~Y ejv hvq QvULvU GKUv
KviLvbv| hvxevnx Ub Mvqvj` cuQyj Lvwj Mvox wbq Avmv nZv
ivRevox| avjvB BqvW nvmcvBc Qo fZi evwni WjvB gjvB
Ki cwivi Ki Avevi hvx enbi DchvMx Ki cvVvbv nZv
Mvqvj`| GRb Mvqvj` hvZvqvZ Avgv`i cvq me mgqB me
wQj| wkwjwo, fvwUqvcvov, dwi`cyi me wgwjq avjvB BqvWUv
miMig _vKZv me`v | Avi.Gm.K. zji mvgbB GUvi Aevb|
wUwdb Avavcvov wmMviU Kzwoq Avgiv KqKRb Pj hZvg WvB
AvBm KviLvbvi Rj| iji evwZjv nvZ Szwjq bevi nvj
QvovI cvk Avi GKUv nvj wQj| jvj meyR KuvP Nywiq Avjvi
is cwieZb Ki msKZ `evi eev, hUv evey kYx Qvov ivwbs vd
mKji RbB eiv wQj| Bwb I ek KqK gWji| nvv KvR
eeZ nZv PX 10 PvKvi GKUz fvix 12 PvKvjv dwi`cyi
fvwUqvcvov ev jvKvj Ubi Rb HPS Model gBj Ub UvbZv
SB 16 PvKvi hvi MwZeM lvU gvBj NUvq| nfx jvWi Rb wQj
HB Model 22 PvKvi hUvi MwZeM KgeU wK 50/60Uv 22
Ubi gvj fwZ Mvox Ub AvbZv Abvqvm|
iji RbwcqZv ewi j KgPvix`i h_ myhvM myweav `Iqv
nZv| mv g~j ikb hLvb Pvj, Wvj, AvUv, gq`v, mvevb, wN,
Avjy, cqvR, Kbv gwiP, mvWv cvIqv hZ| Rvjvbx KvV Avi
Avacvov Kqjv QvovI wWDwU Wm, webv fvovq hvZvqvZi cvk
AvZxq ^Rb`i wZb fvMi GK fvM g~j hvZvqvZ QvovI cvovZzZv
fvB wnmve Mvoxi wU.wU webv wUKUi hvxKI Qo w`Zv|
cvl`i PvKzixi AMvwaKvi BZvw`| mRb ij cwZvq cvq mevB
^vMZ RvwbqQb|
eZgvb evRvi GjvKvUv iji KjvbB cwZv cvq| 1870 `kK
PZivi Di cvoUv Djyqvi Pi ev DjyLvMovi Pi cwg cvoUv Kzgvo
cvov bvgB cwiwPZ wQj ej hvbv hvq| chv duvKv RvqMv cvIqvq
QvKvi wewfb eemv cwZvbjv Mo IV| emwZI ZvB|
52 |

wgwcw, Nvlcw, bvwcZcw, cvjcw, nvj`vi cvov, cqv`v cvov,

Mvovqvb cw, nvUj cw, Lwjdv cw, Kvco cw, SvjvB cw,
evZvmv ev gqiv cw, gvovqvix cw, Kvgvi cw, g_i cw I iji
AvMgbi ci vwcZ nq | Zgwb DwKj cvov, Lxvbcvov, `vmcvov,
gvjv cvov, gj cvov 1871 mvji ci vcbv cvq|
1960 mvji w`K cvi fvb PZivi wej GjvKvq h Pocvov Mo
IV cvq /kZ cwievii GgbUv QvKvi emwZ Movi GLb Avi
myhvM bB| ij c~e ivRevox BDwbqb cwil` viv cwiPvwjZ nZv|
1923 mvj wgDwbwmcvwjwU cwZv nq| cvkeZx Pibvivqbcyi Aj
hveviI Kvb ivv wQj bv| 1872 mvji Rvbyqvix gvmi 15 ZvwiL
dwi`cyi Rjvi c~Yv Av`ggvix nq GZ Mvqvj` gnvKzgvi wZbUv
_vbvi DjL AvQ, Mvqvj`, ejMvwQ I cvskv | evwjqvKvw` Aj
hvZvqvZi Rb ev`kvnx Avgji cbi ivv ev dixgUi ivv
hUv b`xi Aci cvoi evwm`viv eenvi KiZb|
evYxen ZLb Nb emwZc~Y Ges wkv mswZZ DbZ wQj| hLvb
ay gv evb cwievii msLvB wQj mvZkZ Ges Abvb `yB nvRvi
cwievi| BsiR miKvii mv_I evYxeni Rwg`vi`i mLZv wQj|
1855 mvj miKvi evYxen wgDwbwmcvwjwU MVbi bvwUk
w`qwQjb jvK msLvi Avwa| cieZxKvj ivRevox knii ic
bIqvq evYxeni eway AbK cwievi ivRevox Pj Avm| KvU
KvPvix vwcZ nIqvq wkv eev Avi KjKvZvi mv_ hvMvhvM
mnRZi nIqvq GB me cwievi my`k evoxNi wbgvb Ki GKUv
cwij Mo Zvjb|
Aek KvRxKv`vi emwZi BwZnvm 1760 mvjiI c~ei cvIqv hvq
ILvbKvi gmwR`Uvi BwZe _K| gvNj ev`kvi mbvcwZ
Lv`v`v` Lvb Avmb PZivi wej Aji cZzMxR `gbi Dk|
ZvivB GB gmwR` cwZv Kib Ges wKQy wbi Rwg `vb Ki igx
eski nvZ GUvi iYvebi fvi w`q hvb|
Avgv`i knivjUv h wbg-mgZj f~wg wQj Zvi ^vi iqQ cwZwU
vcbvi cvkB MZKi gvwU DVvbvi| evRvi fvRbPvjv cyKzi, KvRxi
zji cyKzi, AvKzqvi cyKzi cvIqvi nvDRi cyKzi MvWvDbi cyKzi,
53 |

iji w`Nx GgbZiv kZ kZ Wvev mviv eQi cvwb Avi KPzix cvbvq
fiv gkvi eskwevii AbyKj| gvjwiqv Ni Ni| cwZeQi
Kjiv, em, ewiewi ivM| Zey ewnivMZ`i vivB fiMj
kniUv| gvjwiqvi Amya KzBwbb GgbwK cv Awdm _KI wewj
Kiv nZv| Avi wQj vbxq KweivR`i Zix cuvPb mUv hgb we^v`
Zgwb `~Mhy| gvS ga iji mvwbUvix wefvM _K cyKzi Zj
wQUvbv nZv| ZvZ Zgb Aevi cwieZb `Lv hZ bv| Avgiv
mvi jvK bv_ fvPvhi wZK_vq GZ`msv mZ GKUv
NUbvi DjL _K Gi ecKZv Ges `kevcx ALvwZ RvbZ cvwi|
Mvcvj P` ivq bvgi GK ij KgPvixi exbv bvgi gqUv
bvivqbM kxZvjvi cvwbi b g gvUv nZ _vK| 15 eQi
eqmB ZvK wMbx VvKzivbxi gZv `LvZv| weqi cv KvbgB
cvIqv hvq bv| kl ZvK ivMv cvZjv Mobi wg evbvbvi Rb
gvjwiqvi Avw`evm ivRevox cvVvbv nq| wKQyw`b ci kvwcyi
wbevmx GK eii wcZv Avmb Ges `Lv gvB webv cb gqUvK
cyea~ Ki bb| gvjwiqvi m~cvZ ij c_i cvki gvwU KU DPz
Kivi KviY LvbvL`i mw Avi gkvi Rb _K G`k c_g
m~cvZ eagvb Aj gnvgvix AvKvi| mRb mvneiv GK eagvb
wdfvi ejZv| KvjvRi ewiewi QvovI Kjivq Mvg DRvi nq hZ
wdeQi, Mvg Qo gvbyl `j `j Ab Pj hZ| cQb wdi
ZvKvZv bv| Kjivi `ex Ijv weweK VKvbvi Rb Mvgi c_
c_ jvj cZvKv Mo ivLZv jvwVi WMvq| KvDK Avq ej WvKZv
bv| Avq b Ijv wewe hw` Pj Avm GB fq| iUbvI Kg wQj bv|
ivZ weiZ Ijv wewe jvj co mv`v kvwo co Nyi eovq c_
c_| cZ`kxi eYbvq Aviv fxwZc` nq hZ cwiek|
GZ`mZI `Lvhvq gvQ, `ya chvZvi KviY ewnivMZivB GLvb
evm Mo ZzjQb| ZvQvovI GZ`ji jvKiv kvwwcq| RvwZMZ
mwZ KLbv b nqwb| mnevvbi AbK `v hv AvRv Azb|

evevi ez eve ewkifvM wn`y wQjb| Avgv`i evoxZ mRb gvsm

cvq wbwl wQj| Avwg GZB Af nq hvB Ges mvwK Avnvix nq
cwo|
54 |

iji iZ wefvMxq cavb cvqB wQjb mvne| GgbwK gBj

Ubi WvBfviI BsiR wQjb| Zv`i emevmi evsjvjv
RgKvjv| mvgbi evMvb bvbv iOi dzji mgvivn evwoq ZzjZv
kZb| iji w`wNUvi cvk Rvov ZvjMvQ| bwQ iji GK
Wvvii `yB gq cyKziUvi ILvb Wye gviv hvq| Zv`i ILvbB
mgvwnZ Ki ZvjMvQ `yUv jvMvbv nq| Mvq Mvq jvMvbv hvi
cwZdjb cyKziUvq mwZ `Lvi gZv m`h wbq `uvwoq wQj|
iwjs Niv gmb c_Uvq weKj mvne gg`i cvqPvix Avi evPv`i
UvBmvBKj| cwg w`KUv KPzov MvQ jvj jvj| gb co wK
Kviv?
iji kvi`xq c~RvUvB wQj mePq RgKvjv| welRbi ivZ
Zji Wvg cii Rvov jvwMq wekvj fjv| mvivivZ Mvb evRbv
`yBcvo gvbyli Xj|
AvR cyiv ij GjvKvUvB nq MQ wNw| hZ bvsiv ew
ivZvivwZ MwRq DVQ hZ KviLvbv, Pvqi `vKvb| jvKvkW
hLvb 24 NUv 3 wmdU KggyLi wQj| AvR Zv kvbv hvq
bkvLvi`i wgjb | cyiv BqvWUv fi _vKZv gvj fwZ mvwi
mvwi IqvMb mvivivZ evQvB nZv Zv`i Me AvR weivbf~wg|
KPzovi mvwi mUv AvR bvg cqQ dzjZjv wK dzjMvQ Avi bB|
`v`kx gvRvii cvk w`q DovKv`v cvo nq R.Gj. 12 Mvqvj`
hvi i 01/01/1871 mvj 1888 mvj ch NvU ILvb Aevb Ki
GKUz mo bo| GjvKvUv wewjb nq Mj NvU Pj Avm `~Mvcyi|
vbxq`i KvQ `~Mvcyi NvU bvg cwiwPZ njI iji wUKU Ges
ewnivMZ mevi KvQ NvU h AjB _vKzK mUvK Mvqvj`B ejv
nZv| eZgvb hUv Mvqvj` evRvi bvg cwZv IUv DRvbPi
gRv| R.Gj. 44 nvDwj KvDwUj GB bvg Ges R.Gj 46 `vM
GB `~Mvcyi NvUi Aevb kl nq hw`b _K cuvPzwiqv nq NvU
jvBb cwZv cvq 1898 mvji 26k Avei ch| hLb NvU Pj
hvq cuvPzwiqv nq| hw`I cuvPzwiqvK ZLb Rskb ejv nqQ mUv
LvbLvbvcyi ch jvBb evmvbvi Rb| gvjvgvj bIqvi cqvRb
ZbvcPv, wNIi evRvi BZvw` wewfb RvqMvq| Kv_vI wwZ bv cq
55 |

Avi GKUv kvLv jvBb mshy Kiv nq| dwKivev` chI jvBb
emvbv nq hw`I mLvb ijMvox hvqwb ij h mKj Rwg AwaMnY
Ki Zvi mwVK weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| Ze KzkvnvUvq 76 GKi,
DRvbPi 64 GKi, ZbvcPvq 56 GKi QvovI few`qv, Usivgviv,
jxcyi, cybvBi, jvjMvjv BZvw` RvqMv iji RvqMv AvQ|
Avgv`i G`k ij gB wewjb nq hvQ| jKvwU UvKvi
m` e`Lj I web nq MjI jvfRbK GB cwZvb euvPvbvi
Kvb D`vM wbZ `Lv hvQ bv| A_P cvkeZx iv fviZ gB
GUvK AvaywbKvqb I mcmvib Ki PjQ| 2008 mvji
cwZe`b hUv w`jx ij kb memvavibi vZv_ Uvvbv AvQ
Rvbv hvq fviZ iji BwZew|
fviZxq iji eqm 146 ermi| eZgvb cwZw`b hvx enb 11
wgwjqb|
Bwbi msLv 6957wU|
cvmvi KvP msLv 33849wU|
kb msLv 6984wU
ijc_ 62724 wKt wgt
GUv gB weZZ nQ| 2010 mvj cwZw`b hvx msLv 20
wgwjqb|

Avgvi zjjv
wkKgjxi mybvg weePbvq GbB AvgvK Mvqvj` nvB zj
_K e`jx Ki Avi.Gm.K.BwbwwUDkb fwZ Kiv nq 4_ kYxZ|
Kvm Avwg GKvB bo| cyivZbiv Pzcm hvIqv bZzb Qv cj hv
Ki _vK Zvi eZq Avgvi ejvqI nqwb| Zey zjUvK Avwg
fvjem djjvg| Avi Zv `eeZ fvPvhi (bxjy evey) AvKlb
cavbZt| my`i Ki covZb, Kvm NUv coj GKUv Q`i cZb
ejB gb nZv| Mi AvmiI emvZb| wecex `ji mevB Avgvi
56 |

KvQ wniv Ggb avibv gb Mu_ MQ ZLb| AvR hgb Rji

Zvjv fvsev, AgyK fvBK Avbev vMvb kvbv hvq H
mgq mncvVx`i KvQ bwQ wZwbI Rji Miv` f ewoq
GmQb| Zuvi ^v m`h `L Avgvi egyj avibv nq mwZB wZwb
Avgv`i zji Rvbvjvi gZv gvUv Miv` f ewoq GmQb|
KvU _K Qvov cvq ev Rvwgb nq G avibv Avgvi wQj bv ZLb|
we`vmvMii gvZfw, gav Gme gv-evevi KvQ b wk gb
ev_vZzi nq MwQ| Bwb ZuviB bvZwbi Qj fvj bv em cvwi?
(we`vmvMii ZZxq Kbv webvw`bxi Mfi mimxevjv Ibvi gvZv)
Avgvi weq mg `q Ryo| ay IbvK mvb Ki divi c_ kvK
cvV KiZ KiZ evoxZ XyKZb mUv `Lvi RbB zji Zvjv
LvjviI AbK AvM wMq nvwRi nZvg Avi wmwoi Dci em
_vKZvg| nqZv gbi fvlv Avgvi PvL wZwb coZ ciwQjb|
AvgvKI fvjevmZb| Zuvi mvBKji mvgb evwmq wbq MQb
evgv diZ ^Rb _K wewQb evPv`i GwZgLvbvq zw`ivgi
gZzevwlKx cvjb Abyvb| m mfvM Avwg Qvov Avi Kviv nqwb|
Aviv Rvbvjvg Ibvi wcZv hvM` bv_ fvPvh Avi KvKv Dc` bv_
fvPvh (whwb fvj MvBq) GuivI Avgv`i zji wkK| wRb evey,
kZxl P` `vm, ez evey Giv mevB Vvv gvbyl, wkey evey AvmZb aywi
Iw`K _K, covZb AsK|
Zuvi eZi evwi _K invB cjvg Avgv`i Kvm b~i KzZze Avjg
Payix LvKv fwZ nevi ci| LvKv Zvi AweKj gZ QvU fvBqi
gZv `LZ| kZ AcivaI wZwb AZt Avgv`i Kvmi KvDKB
gviZb bv Avi| nvdcvU co zj hZvg mRb gjfx ewmi
Dwb mvne Kvm XyKZ w`Zb bv| eva nq Avwg bit bivt gyL
KiwQ wbZvb` PeZx eZPvix eveyi KvQ| mgi` bv_ wms (mgi
wms) K cqwQ wK bv gb co bv kjk KzyI ZvB| bbx eveyi K_v
fyjevi bq| LvUvgvUv evsjvi BsiRx Uvbkkb aiZb gyL gyL
hUvq Verb, Tens, Pronoun wgk _vKZv| GKUv jvBbi K_v
57 |

AvRv gb AvQ| BsiRxZ ejv ivg LvjyB jBqv evRvi

hvBZwQj bv| cixvi AvM BgcUU, fwi fwi BgcUU RvbZ
PvBj gjvU Avi kli cvZv `wLq w`Zb cU wPgwU mnhvM|
GwK fvjv hvq? mncvwV `y GKRb hviv euP AvwQ mevB cvwicvwkK
mvgvwRK Aevq Lvc LvIqvZ cvwi bv| Amnvq eva Ki weei
AvZ nq mB me
wkK`i kvfi iY Kwi| huviv wbRiv wQjb Av`kevb Avgv`i
wkvI w`qQb bwZKZvi| jvK bv_ fvPvh nW gvvi| Zuvi
RvgvB kj` bv_ PvcvavqI Avgv`i wkK wQjb| jvK
bv_ mvi Aemi w`j nW nq Avmb Mv`vi evRvii Rbve iIkb
Avjx Luv mvne| jvK bv_ mvi GB zjB covbv KiQb|
ZLb cavb wkK wQjb ewikvji we.Avi.mb| Avi wQjb `eb
wms Gi wcZv `~Mv bv_ wms| cieZx Kvj Avwg XvKv Pj hvIqvq
bZzb`i Kviv m Avgvi cwiPqi mfvM nqwb| Mvqvj` nvB
zj Avwg gv GK eQiB wQjvg| wke` my`i fvPvh nW gvvi
weRq Kzgvi AvPvh, gbvgvnb ji, wegj P` cvj few`qv _K
AvmZb BsiRx mvi bvgUv iY Avm bv|
jvBeixZ b`evey emZb| gv_vi Dci `Iqvj cwZvZv wMwiRv
ki gRyg`vii wekvj cBwUs Avi cvk KwZwe` Qv`i ZvwjKv|
bwQ 1920 `kK nW gvvi wQjb Kzgyw`bx Mvyjx| wK Mvqvj`
nvB, wK Avi.Gm.K. BwbwwUDkb 2q kYx kl Ki ekxi fvM
QvB AvmZv
evRvii cvVkvjv _K| wcV eZ fvvi iKW mw Ki| Avgvi
iUv iji cvVkvjvq hvi cwZvKvj 1930 `kK| Zvici UvDb
ge hvi cwZv nq 1928 mvj| mRb c~e mncvVx GKRbKI
Avwg Avi.Gm.K.BwbwwUDkb cvBwb| zjUv hKvb c_ Mj cve
ZvI Rvwb bv| ij kbi Icvk GUzKzB RvbZvg| c_ GKUv
QjK Avgvi BsiRx eBUvi gjvU Zvi Kuva `L wcQy wcQy GwMq
GK mgq cQ Mjvg| m ARq| wdm gvPU Gmvwmqkb eid
58 |

Kji gvbRvi ckv PeZxi Qj| 11Uv fvB mevi bvgi

Av`vi A w`q| GKmv_ hvB, wdwiI `yRb wgj|
evRvii cvVkvjvi g~j bvg jvj Puv` we`vjq jvj Puv` mvnv gj
hvi cwZvZv| c_g nW gvvi kvgjvj evey wZxq wkeb evey, ZZxq
gvwnbx evey,PZz_ myib eveywhwb wkeb eveyi cvl cy| Avi. Gm.
K. BwbwwUDkbUvi cvkB GK ev gwnjv evPv`i Aivb w`Zb
mUvK Avgiv eywoi cvVkvjv ejZvg| KvRxKv`vi emwZ AbK AvM
_K we`gvb| wK mLvb Kvb wkvjq Mo IVwb|
wmwjgcyi BDwbqb GKUv cvBgvix zj wQj| mUvi g~j KvVvgv b`xi
fvb wejxb nqQ| mUvi Qv wQjb Kzi Avjx wgqv ge zji
Kivbx| whwb ivRevoxZ mvKvm cvwUi cwZvZv| A_bwZK mgmv
mgvavbi Dcvq wnmve wZwb G c_ eQ bb|
Qjejv _KB WvbwcU cKwZi wQjb| jLvcov wmwjgcyi cvk
Ki GwMqQ gb nq bv| ^ivR `ji GKUv cwKv Qvcv nZv evYx
cm _K cvwKvb miKvii Kvcvbj covi Avkvq fviZ
wefvRbi iZB g~j gvwjK cvkeZx wnivjvj KweivRi wRvq
mwi `vwqZ w`q fviZ cvwo `b|
Kuvmv wcZj eemvqx gxi mvnei KvQ mw weq Ki MQb GB
`vex wbq `Lji Pv Kij KweivR nxivjvj KZK evavcv nq
Kzi Avjx wgqvK eemvqxK fvMx`vi Kivi cjy Ki `Lj bevi
`vwqZ `b| Kzi Avjx mvne evYx cmi mg gvjvgvj mwiq
ivZvivwZ GKUv wewoi KviLvbvi ic w`q djb| mKvj `Lv hvq
mvwo mvwo KvwiKi wewo euvaQ `vKvb moMig|
klgl gxi mvnei RvgvB gvRvnvi Dwb wgqv GLvb cwZwZ nb
Avi Kzi Avjx mvne ev` cob| DwKj Avn` Avjx gav mvneK
ai wZwb UvDb ge Kivbxi PvKzix cvb eU, wnmve Mowgj nIqvq
wnmve cyb Kivi kZ PvKzix envj ivLv nq| GB `vqfvi Avi
mvsmvwiK cqvRb gUvZ wZwb hLb ch`y| m mgq ivvi cvk
Rv`yi Ljv `wLq gRgv Ki cqmv msMn KiZ `Lb GKw`b|
59 |

GUvB ZuvK Rv`yi Ljv `wLq DcvRbi c_ mnRZi fveZ Dz

Ki| Avi g we`vUv AvqZ Ki Mvg Mvg gjvq nvU wZwb Ljv
`LvZ _vKb| wKQy kvixwiK KmiZ hy Kij GUv mvKvmi ic
`Iqv hZ cvi gv_vq wbq vbxq wKQy Drmnx hyeK msMwVZ Ki
cwkb `b Avi g g GUv c~Yv mvKvm cvwUi ic bq| Ljv
`LvZb GK PvKvi mvBKj Pvjbv Zvii Dci| wdjv ekv, bi
ivm, fvivjb, dvBs evi BZvw`| mB mv_ Rv`y| eqmi fvi
mevi bvg iY KiZ cvib bv| ay Qwgi WvBfvi| Avdmvi Dwb
Avc (h 1971 mvj wenvix`i viv wbnZ nq) Mbk, eovWvi
mK`vi, Aveyj, K`g Avjx, jxKvji ZvZjv evey webv`cyii
evinvb, fRvj Zvni Avjx dKi , Bqv` Avjx, gwZqvi, mgmi
gKvi Qvov|
kni wkvi mv_ mswk eBqi jvBeix| gvnb jvBeixZ eQii
iZ wngwmg gvwjK Avi mnhvwM kxj KgKvi| eve jvBeixZ
ayB LvZv cwj, Kvwji ewo, `vqvZ Avi ivevi, ewUs ccvi| Sbv
Kjgi cPjb nqwb| cixvi mgq `vqvZ eo evZj _K Xj
`Iqv nZv yj Zid _K| kli w`b meUv mevi wcV wbtkl
Ki div|
evYx cmZv wQjB ivRevox cmUv wQj Abykxjb `ji
mwq m`m Kvjy gRyg`vii whwb `eb wmsqi Avg evMvb
gq`i jvwV Ljv kixi PPv KivZb myfvmi gWj eyK Szwjq|
`k ZLb ^`kxi Rvqvi fvmQ| ^`kx evsK, ^`kx Kvco Kj,
ivRevox cmi mvgb Mo DVjv Rqwn` Kweb Pvqi `vKvb|
mUv me`vB Lii aywZ cvvex cov gvbyl miMig _vKZv| wbib
cm evNv evNv gvbyli Avv, ZvKvZI fq| eivUi ev`kv Pa~ix
Avgv`i cm emvjb Rwjj Wvvi mvnei evoxi mvgb| Zv
mUvi eqmIZv Kg njv bv|

eyeyi KjKvZv hvv

60 |

eyey weqi ci KjKvZv hvQ| Avwg Avi nvmby kb MwQ

we`vq RvbvZ| BUi UyKiv w`q eyeyi Rvbvjvi wbP AvuK KU
w`jvg| Avevi Zv Avme GB MvoxUv wdi|
eyey Lye Av`iB eo nqQ| gvqi AvMi `yUv evPvK AuvZziB
cuPv cvuwPZ gi djQ| jvj bxj eY dzU DV wQj bvwK I`i
gyLgj | ZLbKvi w`b cm~wZ gvqiv bv cqQ hZ bv cqQ
cyw | ^^vgxivI gv evb`i BQvi wei wKQy fveZ cviZv bv|
mePq A^vKi vbB mek Rxe AvmZv RMZ| wn`y`i Zv
Aviv QyrgvM| DVvbi Kvbvq bZzb GK Lycwo| jvK mvii
jLvq Ibvi evoxZB Ggb GK Szcwo hLb iji Bwwbqvi wbR
nvZ `v w`q fycvwZZ Kib mvi ejwQjb IUvZv Aveviv h_vvb
DwZ ne| NyUi auvqvq AvQb| gy evqyi Afve cuPv`i
Avwefve| wk gZz AvavAvwa| AvgivI Qq fvB Qq evb njvg eU|
wUKjvg `yB fvB Pvi evb|
Av`iB eo nq DVwQj eyey| bv`ym by`ym dmv MvjMvj Pnviv wbq|
weqi eqm bv nZB m^ Avm| evev ivRx nb bv|
Avgvi dzcv wQjb hkvii bvgx gvbyl| hgb A_we Zgwb
cwZcw| wZwb AvZxq`i Aviv wbweo Kivi Rb wbR`i gvS
weq `evi ccvwZ wQjb Ges eivei Zv KiQb| wZwb Gjb cv
wcZv mn| KvKZvjxq fve evevi c~ecwiwPZ GK f`jvK GK cv
wbq Gm nvwRi mw`bB| cvi PvLUv GKUz Uviv, VvUUvI GKUz
euvKv RMZ GK evb Qvov KD bvB| KjKvZvq PvKzix Kib Ges
gm _vKb| wkvq KjKvZv BDwbfvwmwU _K wZbwU mvbvi
gWj cqQb|
Avgvi dzcv zb gb ew`b wewQb _vKjb|
Avgv`i eyey AvR Pj hvQ ^vgxi mv_ KjKvZvq| `yjvfvBqi
evox wRqvM| gywk`vev` Rjvq| LyeB Aevcb cwievi| wcZv-gvZv
Qjejvq gviv hvIqvq `v`vi KvQ _K eo nb|
e `v`vi avibv Ibvi gZzi ci mnvq m` _K wk `wn ewZ
nZ cvi| mRb KVvi K mwnz Ki eo Ki Zvjb| hyiY
`yjvfvB m`i cwZ ev fvM wejvwmZvi cwZ wbn _vKZ Af
61 |

nq hvb| cieZxKvj `LwQ eo PvKzixqv nqI mvavib Rxeb hvcb

KiZ, Awdm wcIbKI Pv evwbq wbR nvZ Pvqi KvcUv Zzj
w`Z|
eyey wVK Dv cwiek gvbyl| wbR nvZ wKQy Kivq Af wQj bv|
mvBKj Pvwjq eovZ Lvwj| eyey wMq cojv Zvi Dvg Rxeb _K
KjKvZvi e MxZ| hUv gvwbq bIqv Zvi KKi nq| Bwbq
wewbq wg_v AwfhvM w`q gvqi KvQ wPwV AvmZv|
GKevi ivRevox Gb Avi eyeyK cvVvbv nq bv| wKQy w`b wewQb
_vKvi ci Gi Aemvb ek Avb`i mv_B nq|
eyeyi c_g mvb jvBjxi Rb nq ivRevox| Avwg Avi gS evb nvmby
fvi Nyg fB GKUv QvU evPv cq gnvLywk| evPvUvI nvZi
Qvqv w`q Avuavi Kij PvL wcU wcU Ki| nvZ mivjB PvL e|
gRvi Ljv|
ivRevox _K KjKvZv hvevi c_ evPvUvi Vvvq wbDgvwbqv nq
hvq| mLvb `Lvbv Kivi KD bvB| mRb ivRevox wbq Avmv
nq| fZi cK evPvUvi Rxeb mskq `Lv `q| GLvb Wvt
hvMk evey Acvikb Ki cuyR ei Ki `b Avgv`i evoxZB Ges
Awekvm fveB jvBjx euP hvq|
1947 mvj fviZ wefvRb evev Ges `yjvfvB XvKvq Pj Avmb| eyey
eni cwiek Gm bvbv mvgvwRK I ivRbxwZi mv_ hy nb| nK
fvmvbxi wgwUs-G Avgv`i cwievii gqiv cb gq`vbI nvwRi
nZv eyeyi ZvwM`|
eyey gwnjv msv AvcIqv mn-mfvbx wnmve e QjK wewfb
KjR fwZ nIqvi myhvM Ki `b| eLvU Qjiv Zvi GjvKvUv
Gwoq PjZv|
KjvevMvb evox Ki Pj Avmb AvwRgcyi _K| Avgiv Mj
ILvbB _vKZvg| divi mgq ivvq `uvwoq GK`wZ Pq
_vKZb| eva nqB Avevi wdi wMq bZzb Ki we`vq wbZ nZv|
Avgvi Qj`i `yB nvZw`q eyK Rwoq aiZv| fvi Nyg fvvi
AvMB wegcyi wgwi `vKvb _K civUv wgw Gb bvv iwW Ki
62 |

ivLZv| GKevi Wvji eov Lye fvj ejvq wZb ejvB Avgvi Rb
eov LvIqvi eev Ki|
wbR Kvbw`b KvR Ki bvB| KvcoUvI ev_igB co _vKZv
hZY bv KvRi gqUv ayq KvZ `e| Avwg Zvi mev KiZ
cvwi bvB| Ze gb gb Avkv KiZvg eyeyi Kvco ayq `evi|
kli w`K bvbv ivM ewaZ khvkvqx| nVvr mw`b fvi DV
Avgvi gbUv fqvbK DZjv nq DVjv eyeyi Rb| b~ixK dvb WK
ejvg- ZzB GLywb eyeyi evox hv, Avgvi nq eyeyi GKUv Kvco ayq
w`we, Avgvi gbUv Kgb KiQ nqZv G myhvM ZzBI Avi cvwe bv|
dvbUv ivLZB Avevi eR DVjv, ib Rvbvjv eyey GB LvwbK
AvMB Pj MQ| KvQi gvbyliv wK GfveB Rvbvb w`q hvq?
myKwiK hw`b gi dj nvmbyI bvwK mw`b `ycyi iv` MxbivW
_K eyeyi ILvb QyU GmQ| wmuwoi iwjs AvuKo ai ai Dci
DVQ `ni ej nvwiq|

c_g KjKvZv hvv

mUv 1945 mvj ne| evev KjKvZv _vKjI Avgv`i
mLvb hvIqv nqwb| bwQ KjKvZv Lye eo kni| cqmv _vKj
evNi `yaI gj| GZw`b ci PjwQ| gRvevb m AvQ| Avb`
Avi DRbvq mvivUv c_ Rvbvjvi avi em| cyj KqUv cijv Avi
UwjMvdi Lv^vi b^i Avi gvBj bwQ| wkqvj`n _K ivRevox
147 gvBj jLv djKUv GKevi ivRevox kbi cvk| g Kg
AvmQ| MovB cyjUv cvi nj| Kx cP mvZ eBQ| ZvKvZ I fq
fq jvM| weKji AvMB cuQ Mjvg wkqvj`n| cvUdg _K
ewoq Avi GK ij Mvox, ivvq Pj| Uvg MvwoUv mvRv Avgv`i
eivei AvmQ| `o w`q mi hZ PvBjvg `yjvfvB nvZ ai
djjb| mv`v Kvco cov jvKUv nvZi bvbv fx KiQ DPz
ew`Uvi Dci `uvwoq, m h _vgv Avi Qvovi KZv, eywSwb| `yUv eMx
63 |

Rvov jvMvbv| mvgbiUvi emjvg mevB| Kvb fxo bvB| Lvwj wmU
co AvQ| Avgvi cvkB GK gg Gm emjv| GZv KvQ Mvq
Mvq Vm w`q Kvb gg Avgv`i cvk emZ cvi Avgvi avibvI
wQj bv| mwZ eo kni| ivvi cvk cvBc w`q cvwb ei nQ|
`yejvB bvwK ivv avqv nq| wPwoqvLvbv, BWb MvWb, cyiex nj
wmbgv| Avi IqvQj gvjvi `vKvb| gvbyli Wvgx cyZzj, vUcov
nuvmQ| GKRbK `Ljvg gqUvi _yZbxZ nvZ w`q Av`i KiZ|
Kx wfo| me cvIqv hvq| cvK mvKvmi gvV cvovi Qj`i mv_
`o Suvc KiwQ| mePq fvj Nvm KvUv gwkb| PvKv NyiQ Avi
Nvmjv KzwU KzwU nq KU coQ | Nvovi Lvevi Ijv| ZLb
KjKvZvq Nvov Mvox PjZv Lye| GK Avbvq bvb iwU cyivUv cU
AvuUZv bv|
jxKvji ivRv
beve Avjxexi Luvi KgPvix wQjb| Kvq n eskxq|
Rwg`vixi LvRbv Av`vqi j GLvb Avmb|
1|
cfyivg n ivq
2|
Zrcy Mix cmv` n ivq
3|
Zrcy wek w`Mx` cmv` n ivq
4|
`K cy m~h Kzgvi n ivq
5|
c_g `K cy bi` bv_ n ivq
6|
wZxq `K cy mwi` gvnb n ivq
7|
ZrcieZx mgxi` bv_ n ivq eex I Abvb
ivRv m~h Kzgvi n ivqi cwK evox eoPi ebxbMi| wek w`Mx`
cmv` ivqi gZzi ci ZuvK `K bIqv nq| ivbx Ui gvbRvi
I jvK-ji cvjKx mn Ibvi eo fvB kkx f~lY `vmK c~e wmv
Abyhvqx wbZ Avmb| A`ignj hLb kkx f~lY `vmK ivRek
mwZ Kiv nwQj KZ~njek QvU fvB ivRv m~h Kzgvi n ivq
cvjKxZ DV em| kkx f~lY `vm ivRek cvjKxZ Avivnb
64 |

KiZ Mj m~h wKQyZB cvjKx nZ bvgb bv| AMZv Ui

gvbRvi enviv`i Kzg `b GB AevqB ivRv m~h Kzgvi n
ivqKB wbq Pj| Avgv`i ivRv Avgiv cq MwQ| m~h Kzgvi
gag vZv, QvU fvBqi bvg wbZvb` `vm|
ivRv m~h Kzgvi n ivq c_g weevn Kib ewikvj Mvfv wbevmx
DgvPiY Nvl `w`vii Kbv xiv` evwmbxK| Ibvi mv_ ivRv `yB
kvjKKI m wbq Avmb| gwZjvj Nvl `w`vi (Gi cy wkx
Kvjx wKi Nvl `w`vi) I nxivjvj Nvl `w`viK|
cy mvbvw` bv nIqvq ivbxi Abyiva ivRv wZxq weevn Kib
few`qv wbevmx KzPwenvii gvvi Afq PiY gRyg`vii Kbv kir
my`ixK|
Kviv mvbvw` bv nIqvq cyw hxi AvqvRb Kiv nq| evRx
cvovbv, hvv, Mvb BZvw` weivU AvqvRb nq| Avb` Drmei Rb
ewnevUxZ cvj g mvRvbvi mgq c_g ci kvjK nxivjvj
cvji Dci DV givc euvavi mgq wbP co hvq I cvY nvivq|
ivRv Drmei AvbymwK Kvhvw` wbivb`i mv_ cvjb Kib| wZwb
GZv ggvnZ nqwQjb h GLvbi evm DwVq KjKvZvq emevm
KiZ _vKb|
c_g `K cywUKI wZwb KjKvZvq wbq Mjb| gUvcwjUb
KjwRqU zj Kvm bi` eivei c_g vb AwaKvi KiZv| ivRv
Aviv GKUv eo AvNvZ cjb AcZvwkZ| bi` Kjivq Avv
nq nVvr gviv hvb|
ivRv ci ci `yUv eo AvNvZ cq f cob| G mgq wZwb
ZrKvjxb lvU nvRvi UvKv eq cyixavg mgy` Zxi cvmv` wbgvY Ki
ILvb emevm KiZ _vKb| GB cmv`wUi bvgI wbR cyi bvgi
wZ iv_ bi` KzwUi ivLb| (cieZx Kvj bvg cvwq
wfvwiqv Kve ivLv nq ivRvi gZzi ci)|
G mgq `yB ivbxi wcovwcwoZ wZwb wZxq `K MnY Kib mi`
gvnb n ivqK Ges fyebki Avi GKwU evox wbgvY Kib| GKwU
wke gw`i cwZvi BQv Zuvi wQj hv wZwb c~iY Ki hZ cvibwb|
65 |

ivRvi gZzi ci cyix fyebki I KjKvZvi Hkh c_g ci kvjK

gwZjvj Nvl `w`vi I wZxq ci kvjK Aw^Kv PiY gRyg`vi
Gi Zeavb Ges ivRevox Aji mg m`i `vwqZ mi`
gvnb n ivqi Zveavb Pj hvq|
Rxebi kl cv Gm Kzgvi mwi` gvnb n ivq wbgg AvNvZ
cvb| 1971 mvji 30k Gwcj cvK Avwg Awdmvi ZuvK WK wbq
hLb Rxebi wbqZv `b I ghv`vi mv_ Avjvc KiwQjb mB
gyZ wenvixiv Zuvi ivRevoxUv jyb Ki Ges GK cyK `vZjv
_K dj w`q nZv Ki| cieZxKvj wZwb gvivqvix cwZ
GKUv evox wKb emevm KiZ _vKb|
wZwb LyeB DPzgbi gvbyl wQjb| Mjvi ^i ivRvi gZvB wQj|
cwicvwU, AvwfRvZ dzU DVZv Zuvi ivRvmyjf AvPvi AvPiY|
BsiR`i KvQ _K ivRv Dcvwa bv cjI wZwb ivRvB wQjb|
Kzgvi mix` gvnbi weq nq enigcyii Rwg`vi hvMk P`
mbi Kbvi mv_| weqZ Kvwkg evRvii gnvivRv gbx` P` b`x
DcwZ wQjb|
cieZxKvj wZwb Aviv GKUv weq KiwQjb KjKvZvq wPwKrmvaxb
_vKvi mgq cwiPq Rvbv hvq bvB| bwQ wZwb nvmcvZvji mweKv
wQjb|
ivRvi evoxi mv_ GLvbKvi mvavibi mK AvZxK| mvgb
eUZjvq cwZ eQi ekvL gvmi kwb gjevi gvm evcx eywoi gjv
emZv| AvuPvi, Kvmb, gvwUi cvwZj GUvi Rb evoxi eD-wSiv
mviveQi Acvq _vKZv| gjvUvi bvg hZUzKz bwQ eUZjvq GK
eywo evm KiZv Szcwo eua| ZviB wZZ eywoi gjv bvg IUv
cwiwPwZ cvq|
ivRevoxZ ivRv m~hKzgvi jx bvgi nvZxZ Po AvmZb|
GKmgq ivRcvmv`i A`ignji cyKzi _K jyvwqZ m`fwZ
wm`yKUv DVvbvi Rb nvZxUvK eenvi Kiv nq| wK me nq bv|
Gi ci nvZxUv Amy nq gviv hvq|
Kzgvi mix` gvnb n ivqK `LwQ c`v bvgi cqv`v QvZv ai
evRvi wbq AvmZ| GLb m GjvKvUv m~Y wejxb nq MQ|
66 |

Kzgvi mix` gvnb n ivq KjKvZvq A BbwmDi Kvvbxi

ev Awdm Lvjb GK mgqi mncvVx kj` bv_ Pcvavqi mv_
ivq G PvUvRx bvg| kj` bv_ bvg cZvnvi Ki RSK
Institution Asstt. Head wnmve hvM`vb Kib|
m~hbMi ij kbi cvk `kx Kvco Kj emvbvi Rb wZwb wbR
RwgZ D`vM bb| kqviI evRvi Qvob| hw`I kl Aewa IUv
Avi cwZv cvqwb| ay bvg me^ GKUv mvBbevW eKvj ch
SzjZ `Lv hZ|
ivRv m~h Kzgvii c_g ci kvjK gwZjvj Nvl `w`vi ivRvi
gZzi ci mwi fvM `vex Ki Kzgvi mix` gvnb n ivqi
wei gvgjv Kib| GKKvjxb `k nvRvi UvKv w`q gvgjv wbw
Kiv nq|
gwZjvj kl eqm cvMj nq ewikvj wbR wfUvq gviv hvb|

^`kx Av`vjb
1942 mvj ne nqZv| `eb wms Gi cvov wfUq cvMj
gv Qvov KD _vK bv| evMvbi dj g~ji AvKlY mgq cjB
ILvb nvwRi nZvg| evMvbi duvKv RvqMvUvq Qj-gqiv jvwV
Ljv, cviW Abykxjb Ki| gq`i kvwo cvRvgvi gZv Ki civ
eyK myfvl evmi gWj AvuUv mdwUwcb w`q| fvj jvMZv whwb
cwiPvjK| eyK AvuUv gWjUvi mv_ Pnviv e wgj hvq| (Kvjy
gRyg`vi) UvDb ge Kvm Iqvbi Qv| gvS gvS nB nB Ki
Avgv`i zj _K Kviv hb wgwQj wbq kvwgj Ki w`Z AvM _K
Avbv gq`i zji Qvx`i mv_| vMvb GKUv gb AvQAvmvgi KsMmx vgx Pje bv Pje bv| Avmvg KsMm Kx
vgx Kijv Rvwb bv| Rvbvi `iKviI bvB| zj h QywU GUvB Zv
gRvi| Ggwb wgwQj GKw`b cvki GK gqi gv_vi mv_ VvKvVywK
jM hvq| eg~j avibv GK VvKvq gqUvi gv_vq Pzj MRve Avi
67 |

Avgvi gv_vq wks| _gK `uvwoq fwelZ `yMwZi cwigvc KiwQ|

gyZ gb wi Ki QyU wMq gqUvi gv_vq GK Zv w`q w`jvg |
wVK mB wKbv mwVK ejZ cviev bv | Ze ^w cjvg| RgvqZ
njvg me AbK c_ Nyi Wvbjc nji mvgb| KvK hb jvj
`vjvb wbq Mj| jvj`vjvb wK Avwg Rvwbbv| mncvwVivI KD
ejZ cvijvbv| ij MUUvi cvkB myib mvnv, weRq mvnv`i eo
`vKvb| M`xi Dci ^Z cv_ii myfvl evmi Ave g~wZ | mI`v
KiZ Gm gvwnZ nq Pq _vKZvg | PvL Pkgv, gv_vq ZiQv
Ki Mw Uzcx (IUvi bvg myfvl Uzcx njB fvj nZv) Avi Uzcx Qvov
myfvlK Avgvi gvUB fvj jvMZv bv| UvKgv_vi myfvm ZLb
mvavibi KvZvi bg hZ| Mvx Uzcx evbvbv Lye mvRv | gv_vi
gvci Kvj evwjki Lvj fvR KqKUv KijB nj| cvRvgvi GK
Ask KU AvwgI GKUv evoxZB coZvg gvS ga| ivRevoxZ
mwq Av`vjb huvivB _vKzb BsiRi cZb mKjB PvBZb|
aygv Awnsm Av`vjb fviZK ^wabZv w`q BsiRiv
cvjvZv GUv Avgvi gb nq bv | PMgi m~hmb gvvi`vi
AvMvi jyb, cxwZjZv Iqv`vii BsiR Kve Avgb XvKvi
jvgb nZv, Lv` KjKvZvq bvKi WMvq ev`j, webq, w`bki
ivBUvm wewsq cKvk w`evjvK Awfhvb, gw`bxcyi yw`ivgi
evgv nvgjv QvovI Mvqvj` ivwnbx eoqv KZK wgt Gjb nZv,
Avgv`i Av fivR KZK BsiRi `vjvj Kvwjc` nZv QvovI
wecex m`m bb Ggb AbK hgb Ave`yjv bvgi Avmvgx KZK
KjKvZv KvU cvbB RR bgvb nZv Avi 190 eQii BwZnvm gv
GKRbB eojvU jW gqv Av`vgvb mvavib Kq`x wmqvi Avjx
KZK wbnZ nIqvi NUbv jvI Zv`i Rxebi wbivcv wbq fvweq
ZzjwQj | ^vaxbZvKvgx GBme wecex KgKv fviZi ^vaxbZv
ZivwbZ KiwQj m`n bvB |
Avevi BsiR weZvob fviZxq AbKB GKgZ wQjbbv
mUvI mZ | ^vwabZvKvgx wecex m`m`i `ywZKvix AvLv w`q
KVvi n G`i `gbi civgk w`qQb Ggb bwRiiI Afve bvB
| 1931 mvji Rvbyqvix msLv gvwmK fviZel mv`Kxq
68 |

jLvnqQ, civjvK webq emy wkivbvg | KwjKvZv ivBUvm

wews Gi fqven I kvPbxq ecexK Kvi AbZg AbyvZv Ges
XvKvi jvgvbi nZKvix ewjqv webq emy MZ 13B wWm^i KwjKvZv
gwWKj KjR `nZvM Kib | GBmKj wecex KvR h `ki
wekl wZ nBZQ GK_v ejvB evj |
H GKB msLvq, Mvxev` wbcvZ hvDK wkibvg jLv
nqQ, wgt Mvx ewjqv h evwwU AvR meigwZ Avkg Kvivi
nBqv AvQ Zvnvi (Zuvnvi bq) Ges Zvnvi AbyPieMi evR fvgxi
Di gvS gvS ewUk miKvi kvbvc~Y Kibvi Avkvmevbx
fviZemxK bvBZQb | ZvnvZ GBmg Mvxi AbyPi`i ga
GKUv jvf `Lv w`qvQ Ges Zvnv`i avibv nBqvQ h ewUk
miKviK fq `LvBqv Zvnviv Zvnv`i evmbv gZ BsiR AwaKZ
fviZelK Avevi wbR`i ga fvM evUvqviv Kwiqv jBe |
evcvi GZ`~i MovBZbv hw` fviZ MfgU c_g c_g
AbyKvi `wZ GB mg wecex`i AMn bv Kwiqv KVvi n
`gb KwiZb | Dnvi Z_vKw_Z bZv`i wbevmb `Iqv DwPr wQj |
Mvx hw`b AvBb f Kwievi ` cKvk Kib mw`bB ZvK
Kvivi Kiv DwPr wQj |
mvgvb wKQz AwaKvi cvBjB fviZxq wecexiv Zvnvi mvnvh
AwaKvi `vex Kwie | Abvq jvfxi `vexi mxgv bvB |
GLvb ek eo GKUv msMVb wQj ^`kx`i| Avv
LvbvUvi bvgB wQj Rq wn` Kweb| mqbMi myfvm KUb wgj `kx
Kvco Kj Zixi mg AvqvRb nq wQj | evRvi kqviI cvq
mevB Kbb| BgviZ Zixi Rb BUi fvUvi SBOSE jLv BUI
cZ nq| ci Aek ij kbUvi KvR jvMvbv nq| `vmi
WvxZ Lvw` Kvcoi ZuvZ em, `kx gvwjKvbvq evsKI AbKwj
cwZv cvq | gymjgvb mc`vqI h G KgKv mwq fywgKv
wbqQb mUv Rvbv hvq Tamijuddin khan mvnei AvZK_v
The Test of Time eBZ | Pibvivqbcyi wbevmx Wt ewmi Dwb
mvnii fvBqi Qj BmgvBj Mvqvj` xgvi Kvvbxi eo
69 |

mvne wbc` evOvjx KgPvixi mv_ ip eenvi Kivq ZvK wcUzwb

`b Ges mvne cvwjq AvZiv Ki|
Av fivR eveyi AvZK_vqI Rvbv hvq ivwnbx eoqv bvgi
GKRb Mvqvj` GK `vivMvK nZv Kib Ges dwi`cyi RjB
Zuvi duvmx KvhKi nq| hw`I ivwnbx eoqvi cyY cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv
bvgUzKz Qvov|
Hector Bolitho-i jLv BwZnvm wfwK wRbvi RxebxZI
RvbZ cvwi Mvqvj` wgt Gwjb bvg GKRb BsiR wbnZ nq hw`I
AvZZvqxi bvg cvIqv hvq bvB|
Avgvi kkei gb wekhy gvUB fxwZc` gb nqwb| Rvcvbxiv
Avgv`i KPzKvUv Kie ZvI gb nqwb| `ywfi wZ gvbyli
Kvjmvi `n `L gb wKQyUv K cqwQ eU| wK Zgb vqx
cfve djwb gb| eis myfvl wRZj Avgiv mevB fvj _vKev
GUvB Kvgbv KiwQ wekvmI KiwQ|
Avgvi RbKvj _K wesk kZvwi KqKwU NUbv cZ
Kivi mfvM Avgvi nqQ, GZ Avwg Meeva Kwi| mgvRi
cwieZb, gvbwmKZvi e`j hvIqv AbK wKQyi cZ mvx nZ
ci wbRK mfvMevbB ejev| wekhy, `ywf, fviZi wefvRb,
evnvbi fvlv Av`vjb, 1971 mvji ^vaxbZv hy| GKRxeb GwK
Kg Rvbv? Kg cvIqv? wekvj GB BwZnvm mg mgqi mv_ cwiwPZ
nZ ciwQ GB Avgvi Me|
wZxq wekhyi wZ
Avgv`i evoxUv ij ivvi avi| gvS cvKv ivv| 1943
mvj| hy PjQ evgvdU| mb evSvB nq kvj Ub
Mvqvj`i w`K hvq| ivR 1Uv `yUv| jvjgyLv Avevi Nvi
KeY| c_i cvk KZ~njx evPv`i `Lj weyU BZvw` Quyo
`q | Avgv`i KvQ hvIqv evib wQj| eviv`vq em hUzKz `Lv hvq
`wL| ivRevox UvDb Kve gq`vb Mviv mb`i weivU Avvbv |
70 |

ivvi `yB cvk Mfxi MZ Ki U KvUv| wbP ZvKvZI fq

KiZv| `yGKevi bg `LwQ `ge nevi Dcg nZv fq|
cvoUv f ci eywSev| weKji w`K GKmv_ AbK cb cye
_K cwg ek DuPz w`q Do Mj| mevB ejjv Rvcvbx cb
hvQ KjKvZvq evgv djZ| Avgiv mevB Lykx njvg gviK evUv
BsiR`i| myfvm emy `k _K BsiR Zvove| ivRv ne, exi
bvqK m| gKeyj gvvi mvne hLb Zvi cvwjq hvevi weeiY M
KiZb wK Ki cywjki PvL duvwK w`q eidi cvnvo wWwq
Kvejx`i `k Pj Mj| b b Avk gU bv ivgv jvM|
Avgiv e Qov ejZvg Kvivmmvi Mvgv cvavbx
evg djQ Rvcvbx
evgi wfZi KDU mvc
wewUk ej evci evc|
evgi wfZi M
`vKvb cvU e|
myfvl evmi QweIqvjv UvKv evRvi ewoq Mj wewfb iOi| Kvb
Uv cvuPk KvbUv nvRvi KvbUv GKk| `vg GK Avbv `yAvbv, myfvl
ivRv nj Pje evRvi|
nvU evRvi wei wew njv| Avgiv eojvK nq hve|
Kzjcx gvjvB bv Lq `yPviUv wKbwQI mB jvf| gv evev gvvi
mvneiv meviB wcq myfvl evm| GKUv Dbv`bv me| BsiR
nUvI| Iiv nviK|
GKw`b iji gvVUvq GKUv cb f cojv `o KvQ
Mjvg| c_gUvq ek KvQB hZ ciwQjvg| cywjk Gm mwiq
`q| bjvg jvjgyLv cvBjUUv giwb| Kb h hvMk Wvvi evey
euvPvjb evUvK| mb fwZ Ub Gevi Dv gyLv cye _K cwg|
eySjvg eUviv cvjvQ|
Kvjv`i Mvox `wLwb| gb nq Rvcvbx`i Mvjvi LvivK
RvMvb w`q Giv mi AvmQ| Ze msLvq Lye Kg| cvq AaK|
`jQyU GK mbK `Ljvg jvBb w`q nuU AvmZ| Avi `Ljvg
71 |

kZkZ Kvjmvi gvbyl cvq nU AvmQ| `j `j weivgnxb| Giv

fviZxq, evgvq _vKZv| LvIqv bvB, kv, Kv, k_ Pjvi MwZ|
Mvqvj` ZLb KvQvKvwQ ne (ci bwQ DovKv`v)| ILvb
jiLvbv Lvjv nqQ| vbxq Ges ivRevoxi eo jvK`i
mnvqZvq| AbvnviwK AbK bvwK ILvb MvMvm Lq ILvbB
Xj ciQ| nvwiq hvIqvi evPv`i Rb GLvb `yUv GwZgLvbv
Lvjv nqQ| gv-evev _K wQUK Kv_vq K Kvb nw`m bvB|
Avgvi gv AR cvovMuvqi gvbyl njI `ywbqvi nvj nwKKZi Lei
ivLZv| eywI wKQy wQj| Mnbvi gvqv hgb AvMI mvsmvwiK
cqvRb AKvZi ZvM KiQ GeviI me eP Pvj wKb Nii
gSZ cyuZ ivLjv| Avi mwZ Gjv mB `ywf| ivv NvU nvRvi
nvRvi Lvevi cZvkx gvbyl| eRiv RvZxq Pvji `vKvb nvZvnvwZ|
jvR jv ZvM Ki gqivI ewoq coQ c_ | evevi KvQ
bZvg KjKvZvi K_v| KvMR QweI `LwQ | Rqbyj Avew`bi
weLvZ QweUvI `LwQ| PvLI `LwQ|
gv fvZ ivbvi mgq wKQy Pvj I cPzi cvwb w`q iuvaZv hUv
c_ `uvwoq w`ZI ek eM cZ nZv| hw`b evevi _vjvq GKRb
em co mw`bi ci _K Mvcb `iRv GuU fvZ LZvg Avgiv|

wZZ AvMi w`bi C`

GLb hUv C`Mvni gq`vb IUv wQj Avi.Gm.K.
BwbwwUDkb Gi Ljvi gvV| KvMR Kjg bv _vKjI ij
Kci c~b mwZ wbq vqx Mvj cv wbgvb Avi evrmwiK
xovbyvb eivei IB LvbUvZB nZ| Avi mvavibi KvQ Avi Gm
K zji gvV ejB GUv cwiwPwZ cvq|
AvR mUv weZ nq MQ Town club Gi gvVi gZvB| hLvb
dyUej QvovI Tenis KvU wQj| Avi wbqwgZ cwiPhvI nZ| wejywi
i wZxq wekhyi mgq Mviv mb`i Kv, Zvici wekvj PvKvi
72 |

UvKUi Gj GUvi DchvMxZvi c`kbx `LvZ wMq cyiv gvVUv Pl

djv nq| Avi AvRZv Office Avi evsjvq cyivUvB wejy|
C`i cavb RvgvhvZ nZv IqvR`b bQv gvmjg evwWsUvi mvgb
eo Rvi 150 150dzU gZv GK dvwj RvqMvUvZ hvi Pvi cvk 10
dzU PIov Lvj ewZ| gvS eivei DIi `wb cvKv BgviZ w`h `yB
fvM wef| KvVi cyjUv cvi nqB ILvb hvevi eev, Avi H GK
wPjZ RvqMv UvZB gymjx`i mzjvb nq hZ|
GB RvqMvUv Avi BgviZUv c`gw`i Rwg`vi Kbv wbtmvb
gigv IqvR`b bQvi wZ iv_ Zuvi ^vgx mq` kvgmyj `v
B.L. KZK cwZwZ nq gyjZ t wkvbyivMx gymjgvb Qv`i Avevmb
mgmvi mgvavb K 1915 mvj | ciex Kvj National Bank
Avi Av`k gwnjv KjRi cwZvq gyj BgviZUv wejy Ges Lvj
fivU nq KjRi myPviic mzjvb nq MQ |
gymjgvb`i C` eQi `yBUv, GKUv igRvb kl bZzb Puv`i
iZ AbUv Kvievbx wRjnR gvmi 10 ZvwiL, evRvi kli
C`UvB wekl Lywki AvgR eq AvbZv| mKvj _KB me evoxZB
GKUv mvR mvR ie co hZ| jvj iOi jvBdeq mvevb w`q
evevK `LZvg AbKb ai dbvq XvKv co _vKZ| Zvici
Pv cvRvgv MvovjxZ cv KvW AvUK Ub Ub Dci DVvbvi
KmiZ KiZ, AvPKvb Zvi Dci Avevi evZvgnxb DwKj`i MvDbi
gZv PvMv| Zv mUv h FZzZB nvK| gv_vq Kvjv fjfUi DPz
Uzwc mUv Mvj GKUv KvMRi ev Avjgvixi GKUv Kvb `Lj Ki
_vKZv mvivUv eQi|
evUv Lyjj bvc _vwjbi M NiUv fi hZ| PvL m~igv Avi
Kvb AvZifRv Zyjv| nvZ ai AvwgI cQ hZvg Avi c_ g
mvwiZ emvi myhvMI cZvg| mevi ekfylv cvq GKB iKg ay
Kviv Kviv gv_vq SywUIqvjv jvjdR|
bvgvRi wbavwiZ mgq GKUv wQj wbq, Ze mUv wKfve
cPvi cZ Rvwbbv Avi mUv h Lyi i w`q mevB cvjb KiZb
gb nq bv| gvbei mevi DcwwZ wbwZ nZ DcwwZi gvS mvb
Avi c_i cvb DrmyK `w| dKiDwb KvKv ( cvb Pqvigvb
73 |

wgDwbwm cvwjwU) AvmZb e`yK wbq| gvUv gywU DcwwZ wbwZ

nj Avyj Rwjj wgqvi evoxi DPz Avg MvQUvi gMWvj j Ki
GKUv wj QuyoZb GUvB Last signal Gi `ywgwbU ci Bgvgi Bkviv
cj wZxq `Io Ges bvgvR i| gvBKi cPjb ZLbI i nqwb
gvBKi cPjb nq 1954 mvj| gymwjg jxM, hy dUi wei
wbevPbi cPvivwfhvb GKUv gvBK `q Avi mUv Mvhvj`i
bijnK gvjv evenvi KiZb| wbevPb fivWyex nj Dwb IUv Avi
cvwUK diZ `bbv| UzKUvK givgwZ i Ki wZwb byi gvBK
wnmve cwiwPwZ cvb| (gvovqvox cwZ GKUv Ni wbq evemv
PvjvZb| Mvqvj`i b~ivj cvMj Zvi mvMi` wkl wQj| XvKv
_K Avmvi c_ Zivi NvU bKvq cvo nZ wMq wZwb Wye gviv
hvb|) cwZ KvZvi gvv`x wbqvM `Iqv nZv huviv Bgvgi iKz
mR`vi msKZ DP^i Rvbvb w`Zb|
bvgvR kl KvjvKzwj Avi K`geywQi cvjv| mevi mv_
mevi Pbv, APbv| Avgv`i cvw AXj cqmv mevi KvQ _KB|
divi c_ Kviv bv Kviv evox _vgZB nZv| gb ci Ggwb GK
evoxZ Avgv`i LuvwU MvIqv wNq fvRv civUv Avi gyiMxi Mv
cwiekb Kiv nqQ| `yB nvZ w`q civUv wQuoZ Mj evevi
Bkvivq Zvi gZv Ki gagv, ZRbx Avi evyjx w`q wKQyZB Avwg
i KiZ cvijvg bv mUv|
cKU AXj cqmv, evox wdiB Avwg Avi Kvejv (Avgvbyjv) Pj
hZvg nvivb wgqvi cvbi `vKvb|
wekvj mb MvQ Zjvq euvki guvvPv (egvb Press club
Uvi DIi) _i _i mvRvbv mvWv IqvUvi Avi cvKv Rvg iOi cvwb
fiv VIMTO- evZj| Ijv AvmZv KjKvZv _K |
evZjjvi AvKwZ AyZ, gyLi KvQ fZi w`KUvq ivevii GKUv
wis, mLvb fZi _K AvUK AvQ KuvPi GKUv gvej Mvmi
Pvc, evg nvZi eyov Avyj fuvR Ki gyLUvq iL AvyjfuvR Ki
gywe Wvb nvZ w`q nvZzwoi gZv AvNvZ Kij duvm Ki k Zzj
gvejUv wbP bg gyLUv Lyj hZ eU Ze Zjvq bv co Mjvi
KvQ Pvcv bvjvUvq wMq wZ nZ | evZjUv Dcyi Kij Avevi
74 |

gvejUv wdi Gm gyLUv AvUK bv dj mRb I Lvb `yUv evBi

_K Uvm LvIqv wXweZ AvUK _vKZv | mvWv IqvUvi cU duvcv
e` nRg BZvw` DcmM Wvviiv weavb w`Zb| AwfRvZ kbxi
evwiv mvgimi mv_ wgwkqI cvb KiZb| Avevi bwQ
KjKvZvi `vvi mgq GB evZj ek Ki SuvwKq cwZci w`K
Quyo `Iqv nZv evgvi weK wnmve | weKU k dU wMq KuvPi
UzKiv Qwoq coZv PZzw`K| AbK ci Avgv`i GLvb Lwjj Lvb
bvgi cvvexGK f`jvK mgi wms Pi mvWv IqvUvi Zixi
dvix vcb Kib| wZwb LyiB DPz gvbi Foolball player wQjb
AviRailway Team Gi wbqwgZ LjZb|
Zv mB nvivb wgqvi `vKvbi cvKv Rvg iOi cvbxq
VIMTO-wQj Avgv`i KvQ AvKlbxq hvi ^v` wbZ wMq wRe avi
nq hZ| me Svj Svj jvMZv Zey IUvi iO Avi eyoeywo Zvjv cvwb
LZ cKUi PviAvbv LiP KiZ wcQcv nvZvg bv| Zvici Gc_
Ic_ mvivw`b AKvib nvUvnvwU, Nvivdiv Dknxb| bZyb RyZvq
cvqi dvmKv ay GKv AvgviB bq|
mvivUv igRvb gvm PjZv evox evox h_ fve nvZ Zix
mgvB evbvbvi Drme| gq eD wSiv M nvwmZ fwiq ZzjZb
evoxUv| KD GKv mi Pvji gZv wcwoZ Wjv w`q Wvjvq fiQb
hUvq mvnvhKvixi cqvRb nZv bv|
wK hUv DPz _K gq`vi `jv `yB nvZi Wjvq m~Zvi gZv
Szj coZv wbPi Wvjv ev KzjvZ bvKvi mvRvZ mvnvhKvixi
cqvRb nZv, mUvq whwb hZ mi evbvZ cviZb ZZv K`i Zuvi|
Avgiv evPviv gnvDrmvn Wvjv iv` w`Z `ovZvg| KD KD
QvZv gv_vq cvUKvwV wbq KvK ZvovZ Vvq em| w`bv KD KD
AbyhvM wbq wdiZb Amgv Wvjv wbq Kvj Avmevi AxKvi Ki|
wcZji nvZj Iqvjv GKUv QvU mgvB Kj cvVvjb evev KjKvZv
_K hvi PvKwZ e`j mi gvUv mgvB evbvbv hZ| GZ fxo
Aviv evojv| gv evbiv wnsmv kLwb ZvB KD wegyL nq wdi
MQb gb co bv| mB KuPvi gZv mgvBI LuvwU MvIqv wN Avi
mvMiKv`xi `ya ivbv m ^v` AvRv wRf| Avi AvmZv bvbvevox
75 |

_K cvKv Pvj Kzgov| PvK PvK Ki wm Ki wPwbi im fRvbv

gvivev C`i AvMB Avgvi `ovZ jywKqI gv iv KiZ cviZv
bv|
mvZvki igRvbi gn`x jvMvbv m GK Gjvnx evcvi
gnw` cvZvi mvb Pj hZvg gb_ mbi evMvb| bKkv`vii
dzimZ bvB| KD `yB nvZ jvwMq Vvq em| KD AvjMvQ GK
nvZ w`q UywKUvwK KvR mviQ|
Avwg wnsmyUB wQjvg eU| weklZt QvU evbUv Rb wbj
gvqi Kvji Askx njv ej AvvkUv Ii DciB ekx Avgvi|
GK w`b Lv`i cvk `uvwoq fvB evb KB gvQi jR SvcUvbv
`LwQ| w`jvg avv| ZwjqI Mj| c_Pvix GKRb fvwMm `L
djwQj bvnj mw`bB Ii nq hZ | Iiv C` KvZv, cvqRvgv,
mvj, Iobv, Pzwo bj cvwjk Aviv KZ wK cvq| Avgvi gv wZb
c`| evowZ cvc Avgvi bvh `vwe | gvqi AvM cy mvb GKUvI
UKwb | fvjevmv fi KiQ `yejZvq| nvi Zvi GKUvB| wRZ
Avgvi me | PvIqv hgb jvMvgnxb cvIqvI Zgwb Anxb| evev
PvKix m~ KjKvZvq QywU QvUvh evox Gj kv Qji gZvB
wbweev` Av`k cvjb Kwi Avi w`b wb QywU dzivevi|
HKvj iwWgW Kvcoi `vKvb wQjbv GLvb| mevB vi Lwjdvi
KvQ| bvgKiv Lwjdv cbi w`b AvM _KB AWvi bIqv e Ki
w`qQb, AbK ZvqvR KiB Zv`i KvQ GKUv AWvi MQvZ
cvoj ab nq hZb Late comer iv| cvvex ZixZ weLvZ
wQjb `vmi Wvxi Rbve ingZ Avjx, Kz`iZ Djv,Avyj Rwjj|
cvvexi wWRvBbI wewfbZv| ZovMjv hUvi Mjvq evZvgi e`j
_vKZv Kvejx gUi AvKwZi Kvcoi ej hv `vj LZv eyKi
KvbvUvq| nvB Kjvi, Kwj`vi Xvjv nvZv Pzwo nvZv |
mwLb wKQy evw Avevi gwkbi mjvB coZb bv| Zuv`i
cvvexnvZ mjvB | gyRyixI PZzY| GUvco Mei mv_B PjZb
Zuviv| Avi h eyovUv Bqv gvUv KvuPi Pkgv co GKgb mjvB
Ki PjQ wbLuyZ Zuvi nvZi KvR, widz KiZb, evSvB hZbv
Kv_vq mB dum hvIqv RvqMvUv| KD KD Mxj Kiv cvvex
76 |

coZb hUv evqmva Avi GKeviB cov PjZv mUv| Lye mwLb
Qvov mvavibi bvMvji evBi| wekl cwkwZ KvwiMi Qvov mvavib
jxZ GUv KiZI cviZv bv| gyiMxi Mxj AvKwZi GKaibi
dji wePx w`q Kiv nZv KzwPUv Avi GRbB GUvi GB bvgKib|
Avi wekl h cvvex coZb Ab VvKzi (`e` weRq Pex )
ZgbUv Ibvi AvM hgb KD cob wb Zgwb Zuvi gZi ci AvRI
KD cob bv| Lyi meZt wZwb KjKvZvq Zvi fwMcwZ eevmx
KjRi Aa RxZ` bv_ Pexi evmvq covbv KiZ wMq
UvwjMi wmbgv cvovq myU cvU co Nviv div i Kib Avi
GK `vjvji mv_ fve Ki meZt mywUsqI Ask bb| Ze eBUv
wiwjR nj cwievii mevB `LZ wMq c`vq IbvK `Lv qvq bv|
`vjvjK cvKovI Kij Reve cvb- meZ t GwWwUsq ev` coQ|
cwg ei wewk mvwnZK Ibvi fvMb Kwe bxi`bv_ Pexi
fvlvq G Kgb bvqK h GwWwUsqB ev` co hvq| covkybvi Pq
Qv` Nywo Iovbv Avi cvki evoxi my`ix gqUvK wXj uea cg
c jLvZB Zuvi KjKvZvi evm Qo wdi AvmZ nq| Zuvi weLvZ
cvvexi cvUvbUv met ILvbKviB ARb| ivRevoxZI wZwb g
Awfbq KiZb|
Uvbv Uvbv PvL mvbvi dgi Pkgv, Muvd Avi cvvex QvovI
AgvwqK evenvi wZwb mevi KvQ AvKlbxq wQjb I bvi w`w`i weq
nh dwi`cyii Pv`v Mvg wkwZ, AwfRvZ cwievi| w`w`i KjKvZvi
msmvi Rxeb i nq ^vgx weeKvb`i gvZvi mnQvqvq | Ab
VvKzi gviv qvb ivRevoxi Aviv `yB ewZ evey evgb `vm nvivq I
evemvqx we`vmi gZvB dwi`cyi _K Uv Po AvmZ wMq
evuki Mvoxi mv_ avv Lq | wZ nq AvQ Zuvi weLvZ cvvex|
mjvB gwkb ZLb AvRKi gZv `Z Avi mvgb GwMq mjvB
nZv bv| Wvb _K euvq hRb wiler wilson Kvvbxi GB
gwkbjvK vbxq fvlvq eMv gwkb ejZv| AvmZv AvgwiKv
_K, Zvi ci Gjv puff gwkb | GKmgq Avwg SingerKvvbxi
vbxqAgent wQjvg ZLb bwQ puff gwkbi mg ^ wKb wbq
KviLvbv f dj GKPwUqv wek eRvi `Lj bq Singer|
77 |

gq`i dK, KvwgR, NwU nvZv evDR GB wQj PjwZ| cyil`iI

dzj mvUi nvZvq wZbUv wUc evZvg Avi mvKvmi gvvi Ljvqvoi
gZv KzwP `Iqv, cvk cKU eyK cKU QvovI Kviv Kviv Nwo
cKU _vKZv QvU dzUv Iqvjv | gvLb Wvvi evey UvKv AvU fuvR
Ki ILvbB XyKvZb|
Lwjdvcwi bvgi m~cvZ ILvb mvwi mvwi Lwjdvi `vKvb
_KB| cvKv wekvj Bu`vivi cvk Avyj Avjx mvnei Kvco
`vKvb | cwZwU `vKvbB mevB Kgev, KD `yj `yj evZvgi
NvU mjvB KiQ| KDev Mjvq wdZ Szwjq Kvco KvUvq iZ
Avgv`i Uv KvUv nj wKbv ivRB evBi _K DuwKSywK `B | bZzb
Rvgv evBi eiB KiZvg bv|cvQ cyivbv nq hvq | C`i w`b
mKvjI `Lv hZ `wRi `vKvb _K m` mgv KvcoUv wbq wcZv
QyU PjQ evox gyLv| evPvi gyL nvwm dvUvZ wcZvi AvKyjZv|
Avi fxo jM hZ bvwcZ cwZ (Avgiv mgxn Ki kxj gkvB ev
civgvwbK ejZvg)| mvi eua mvgbi Kivwmb KvVi evKm
evwmq `yB nvUzi KuwP Kj gv_vUv AvUK c_gB gv_vi AaK eivie
Mvj GKUv jvBb Kiv nZv KuvwP w`q Gi ci PjZv wbP _K Dci
zi Avi KuvwPiKmiZ | fvuZv yi gvS ga GZ `ZZvi mv_
nvZi ZvjyZ didi Ki gmb Ki wbZ wkDi IVvi gZv m `k,
GKUy ni di njB Zvjy `y duvK | wKybv Zv NUZvbv| wekvj eU
MvQUvi Zjvq Avevi GKRb emZb Kcvj gnvivbx wfvwiqvi gv_v
Iqvjv icvi UvKv muU | gvS gvSB wZwb Rq gv wfvixqv ej
vi QvoZb| Icii MvQi Wvj wevcb, avb Zi cUfywgZ
Pvlx gv_vj gv_vq Pv LvQ wbP jLv Mxi w`b Mig Pv , evSv hvq
ZLb I Pvqi cmvi GZUv weZwZ jvf Kiwb| wekvj PvKvq wdZ
ebeb Ki NyiQ cv_i| avi nQ zi KvuwP , Avbi dyjwK QyUQ
wK nvZ cyoQbv| AevK Kv|
bimy`i c_ PjZ `Lv hZ QvU GKUv ev nvZ, UvBb gei
mvgb eUZjvq whwb emZb Zvi Avevi ev Qvov evq em cvq
gyLi Dci Gm coZv Zvi ^vm c^vm | Avgv`i wQj euvav gyKz`
KvKv| e eeZ mv`v Pv`iUv Mjvq GuU wM w`q mB KwP Kj |
78 |

cvb I vMZ | bovPov KijB eKybx| Avgv`i GLvb GB bimy`i

Mvwi AvMgb I cwZv bvqvLvwj _K, `jcwZ wewcb kxj, iRbx
kxj, fvlvb kxj, gwbkxj, ivgKkxj , Avi ni K kxji,
mnhvMxZvq|
GK `k nIqvq ev^vBZ Puv` `Lv MjI GLvb ciw`b C` Avi
m msev` Avgiv cZvg ckvmwbK `dZi _K UwjMvdi gvag|
Radio ev Ab Kvb gvag wQjbv| 29 k egRvb iji Ifvi
exRUvq kZ kZ jvK cwg gyLv ZvwKq | hw` GKUv ivRv evbvm
cvIqv hvq| Avi hLb mwZ mwZ iji nvmcvZvji mvgb Rvov
Zvj MvQ`yUvi duvK Puv`i dvwj `Lv `Lv w`Z, m h wK Djvm
mevi| bvivq ZKwei awb w`K w`K , Rvbvb w`q hZ C`i
mIMvZ| AvR Avi nqbv iji exRUvh mB JrmyK wbq RbZvi
fxo|
C`i kl mI`v AvZi Avi Uzwc| c_i cvk _i _i mvRvbv iwOb
KvMRi Uzwc evPv`i| AvZi Iqvjv nvZi Dv w`K wQwc QyuBq
ZvK Mi KwjbZ `LvZ ev |
Mi Kvievbx Rwg`vi `i GjvKvq wbwl wQj | Avgv`i kni
Kvievbx `Iqv nZv cxi Zjvi Rj, Ggb wK eo gmwR`i
Iimi MiI ILvb RevB w`q Mv eq Avbv nZv| cKvk
Kvievwb `b Mni gvjv 1886mvj | DRbvKi cwiwwZi De
nh | AvMB mRb wZwb Pivj _K jvwVqvj Gb cZ _vKb|
kni GUvB cKvk Kvievbx ejv hvq| G mwKZ GKUv gRvi Rb
kwZ AvQ| wmwjgcyi Mvgi ghR Dwb gji wcZv Pi Kvievbx
`b | ivRvi KvQ msev` Avm wZwb cqv`v cvwVq WK wbq
ejb, ZzwgZv Rvb Avgvi RwgZ Mv nZv wbwl | gqR Dwb
mvnei wcZv ejb , Ryi Avgv`i agi A GUv, Aciva gv
Kib| ivRv m~h Kzgvi Kzwo UvKv Rwigvbv avq Kij wZwb Pwjk
UvKv w`q cv_bv Rvbvjb Ryi , Avwg Avi GKUv Kvievbx `e GB
Zvi Rwigvbvi A_| ivRv Gi ci Kvievbx `vZvi bq, whwb AwfqvM
wbq Avmeb Zvi Rwigvbv w`Z ne GgbUv digvb Rvix Kib |
79 |

Avi Gi ci _KB cKvk bv njI h_ fve cfvekvjx evw`i

evoxZ Kvievbx GLvb Pvjy nq hvq|
KvRxKv`vq gmwR` Mo IV bevex Avgj Rj`my `gb AvMZ mbv
evwnbx viv 1760 mvj| jvLovR mw Avi gymjgvb igx eski
nvZ Gi ibv ebi fviw`h hvIqvq GLvb Rwg`vixi KZ
wQjbv| mRb GLvb Kvievbx cPwjZ AvM _KB| Avi ivRevox
kni gymjgvb emwZi m~cvZ GLvbB|
kl cwiQ`i Ask wekli Z_ w`h `vmi Wvxi Rbve ingZ
Avjx KZZvq Ave KiQb|
c~ecyilmw`b _K AvR
ZrKvjxb b`xqv Rjvi gv_vfvv b`xi Zxi KvRxcyi Mvg
Avgvi `v`vi wcZv Kzb Kzb Avjx mL evm KiZb| Zuvi c~ecyil
mK wewfbZv _vKjI GKUv welq mevB GKgZ h wZwb GZ`
Aji Avw`evmx bb| Rbcyi wbevmx Ges mbvcwZ Kzuqvi wms Gi
mb evwnbxi m`m wQjb| Kvb GK hy civRq wbwZ Rb
cvwjq GB GjvKvq Avkq bb| wZwb AZ mycyil wQjb| GUvi
mZZv cvIqv hvq Avgv`i eskavivi huviv hLvb AvQb cuvP cyil
ciI Pnvivi mv`k hgb- AvRvby jw^Z nvZ, jvj PvL Ges
vbxq`i Pq j^v Ges ^Z ^fvei| Kvb Kvb kvLvi m`miv
A`vewa wnw` evsjv wgwjq wbR`i ga K_v ej|
ZLbKvi w`b Rwgi Kbv ePvi cPjb wQj bv| Rwg`vii mw
LvRbv w`q hKvb cwigvb RvqMv eenvii evav wQj bv| Kzb Kzb
Avjx mLi wcZv mvavib KzwUi wbgvY Ki wbevm Mo Zvjb
GKvKx| b`xZ mvb KiZ Avmv GK wn`y weaev gwnjv Zuvi m`h
AvK nq, mgvRi Pig weivwaZv Dcv Ki cii weq Kib|
GB `yBRbi JikB Avgvi `v`vi wcZv KzbKzb Avjx kLi Rb|
meZ mgvR cwZZ nIqvq Kzb Kzb Avjx mLi Kvb AvZxqZvi
m~ H Aj cvIqv hvq bv| Kzb Kzb Avjx kL Gi Pvi cy| Avgvi
80 |

`v`v R evei Avjx mL, wZxq evey mL, ZZxq Kvjy mL I

meKwb j gvnv` mL|
ZZxq cy Kvjy mL mB mgq e`yKi AwaKvix wQjb weavq avibv
nq wZwb BsiR`i ekse` KD neb| Zuvi cy gwRiwb mLI
e`yK ivLvi AbygwZ cvb I wKse`wi gZv Zuvi wkKvi Kvwnbx AvRv
jvK gyL cPwjZ AvQ| eo aibi wkKvi KijB Avgv`i GLvb
Zvi bgybv cvwVq w`Zb evNi `uvZjv Avgv`i Qjejvq Ljvi
mivg wQj| Rxeb GKeviB Zuvi j nq I wZwb wbnZ nb|
wZxq cy evey mL evg`x Aj bZzb wbevm Mo Pj Avmb| Zuvi
c_g cy Lv`v ei cy Lwjj Dwb mLi eskaiMY eZgvb
wkvq I m` weki wewfb Aj Qwoq MQ PZz_ j gvnv`
mL eemvqxK mK Mo IVv ezi Abyiva evqvjgvix wZ nb|
R cy evei Avjx mL Avgvi `v`v ivRevox Pj Avmb 1920
mvji wKQz AvM| cwievii m`m msLv ew Avi KvRxcyi Aj
Pvlvev` Qvov eemv ev Avqi Ab Kvb myhvM bv _vKvq cwievii
wbR wbR myweav gZv RvqMvq bZzb Ki emevm i Kib| KvRxcyi
_K hvb ZZxq cy gwRiwbi eskaiiv I Avgvi GK dzcy mZviv
evby| Avgvi gvqi weqi ciI ILvb hvZvqvZ eRvq _vK| hUv
g xY nZ nZ AvR Avi bB ejjB Pj|
KvRxcyi Aji jvKiv mvavibZ bg I wgfvlx| GB gvwRZ I
bgZvq Avgvi evevi kke KUQ ejB Avgiv XvKv _vKvKvjxb
mgq 1947-55 hLb avbgw GjvKvq Rwgi `vg cwZweNv 100 UvKv|
evevK GKUv RvqMv wKb evm Kivi K_v ejvq Reve w`qQbGLvb evm Kiv Pj bv, GLvbKvi jvKiv K_vq K_vq nvjv ej|
Akvjxb K_v ejv ev kvbvq Af nZ cvibwb ejB vbxq Kviv
mv_B mLZv Mo IVwb| bxjZ _vKvi mgq Awdm QywUi ci
Pj hZb zji mncvVx Rbve Avyj AvwRRi evmvq| whwb ZLb
XvKv wekwe`vjq AsK covZb miKvix ckvmwbK PvKzix Bdv w`q
Gm| wekvj gvVUvi eo eo Nvmi gvS cvq Pjv c_ nvwZicyj
hLvbUvq Dwb evm KiZb| wgUviMRi Ljbvi gZv Mvwojv
cyjUvi wbPz w`q cyiv gvVUv Ni w`q Di _K gwWKj KjRUvi
81 |

cQb w`q Pj hZ dzjevoxqv kb| Qjejvq `yRb GK mv_

wZb gvBj Povi evjyi D c_ Loi mvj evwbq cvq eua
`~ii wkKvicyi zj hZb| covi eBqi Afve wgwUqQb
mncvwV`i KvQ _K|
`yRbB KjKvZv wekwe`vjq _K c_g wefvM 1918 mvj cvk
Kib| H Aj Kvb gymjgvb Qj Ggb fvj fve cvk Kivq
RbMY ^Zt~Z fve Ibv`i Kuva wbq wgwQj ei Ki| evevi
gZv Aw_K mU bv _vKvq Avt AvwRR mvne DPZi wkvi myhvM
cqQb| evev Zv cvbwb|
wk eqm evevK gv`vmvq coZ `Iqv nq| Pvi eQi ci Gm
`Lb Ljvi mvw_iv BsivRxZ K_v ejv wkLQ| GUv Zvi gb Lye
cxov `q| wbR wcZvi AbvMn PvPvK wMq Ave`vi aib BsiRx
zj covi Rb| PvPv eva nq wkKvicyi zj Mixe Qvew gvwmK
GK UvKvi AaK nvd wd KivZ mg nb PZz_ kYxZ| GB AvU
Avbv gvwmK H PvPvB w`Zb| ci eQi _K Avi mUv w`Z nq bvB|
gav I Qv wnmve eivei cyiKZ nqQb| Path to Rome
BwZnvmi miv Qv wnmve BsiRx eBUv cvb l kYxZ mevP
b^i cvIqvq|
mgmv `Lv w`j GUvm cvk Kivi ci| Pbv Rvbv Ggb KDB RMZ
bvB whwb mvnvhi nvZ evwoq `b| ZeyI evev AwbwZi c_
ivRkvnx Pj hvb| e K GK `vivMvi evmvq `yBUv Qj cwoq
KjR fwZ nb| LvIqv _vKvI ILvbB| eQi `oK ciB f`jvK
e`jx nq Ab Pj hvb| evev ZLb agvwiZ nq covi eev
Kieb wi Kib| H Aj ZLb cv`x mvneiv agvwiZ`i me
aibi mvnvh w`Z| gb wi Ki| evev wbR wcZv gvZvi KvQ we`vq
wbZ Avmb| Mvcb ivLb g~j Dk Zey mUv Mvcb _vKwb Ges
evev AvUKv cob|
RxweKvi mvb `v`v ivRevox Pj Avmb Avgvi GK dzcy Rve`v
eMgi ^vgxi civgk| wKQyw`b mLvb AvkqI `b wZwb| weq
w`q QjK msmvi Kivi BQvq vZv j gvnv`i KvQ cvxi
mvb KiZ Abyiva Kib| `v`v j gvnv`i GK ez whwb my`i
82 |

cuyw_ cvV KiZb Avgvi gvqi gvgv| hLvb gv cvqB emZb wMq|
ZuvK `v`v Abyiva Kivq Avgvi bvbv Zvi GB wkvbyivMx GKgv
gqK wkwZ Qji mv_ weq w`Z ivRx nb Ges evevi covi
LiPI enb Kieb GgbUv ^xKvi Kib| ZeyI evev weqZ ivRx nb
bvB| wK covi myhvM cvIqv hve mRb ^xKvi Kib| gvS
cvwjq hveviI Pv Ki wedj nb| gq `Lvi cqvRbI eva
Kib bvB|
evev dwi`cyi KjR fwZ nb| m mgq dwi`cyi ev evqvjgvix
hvevi GKgv Dcvq Mii Mvox ev cvq nuvUv| bvbvK wZwik gvBj
c_ Gfve GmB gqK PvLi `Lv `L hZ nZv| `v`x dzcy
hviv wQjb cyivbv mB GKB gvbwmKZvq gvMZ- evoxi eD
mZv GmQ mKji me Pvwn`v cyiYi Rb| Zvi ev Zvi cwievii
vb mgghv`vi KLbB bq| Kv_vI Kv_vI `LvI KiZ `Iqv nZv
bv|
bvbvi GKgv mvb h `ya fvZ jvwjZ nqQ wcZMn, Zvi
fvMI Gi Ab_v nqwb| hw`I gv cwikgx, ^veZx Avi my`ixI
wQjb| bvbv GKevi Gm mw`bB wdi hZ eva njb AKv
gqi wdwiw b| gbvK Ges GZUv c_ Mi Mvoxi SuvKzwbZ
wZwb evox wdi Amy nq cob| evevi covi LiP Pvjvbvi mvg_I
Zvi _vK bv| gvqi `yMwZ ZLb Pig| cU fi wbR nvZ ivbvi
LveviI Zvi fvM RvUwb| bbw`bx ivq evwNbx| GUv cev` bq,
mZ|
eKvi evev c~e cwiwPZi m~ ai iji wbevnx cKkjx (XEN)
wcvbRxi mv_ `Lv Kib| H mvne AZ fvj gvbyl wQjb|
evevK ij G.wc.WveyD.AvB. (A.P.W.I) wnmve PvKzixi mycvwik
Ki RvgbMi cvwVq `b|
mviv fviZi hLvb hLvb bZzb ijc_ i nQ mLvb
evev AbK KvvbxZ PvKzix Kib Ges AXj A_ m`i gvwjK
nb| QvU fvBK Avjywgwbqvg ZRmci `vKvb QvovI wejvwmZvi
ZrKvjxb me DcKiY Avq Kib| mvBKj, Nwo, Mvgvdvb,
e`yK| Rwg wRiZI Kg bq| Avgv`i cwievi PjZv `v`xi Kzg
83 |

gZv| Avgvi gv I PvwP huvZvKj wc| PvPvi ^fve evevi wecixZ|

euvwk evRvbv, Zvm Ljv Qo `vKvb emvUv Zvi KvQ AvKlYxq wQj
bv| AwPiB Mbk Dvjv| `vw` A_Kwo wbR ndvRZ wbq PvPvi
mv_ mevi K_v ejv ei Kzg `b| hUv Agvb Kivi mvnm Kiv
wQj bv| gv ewMZ fve PvPvK wKQy UvKv avi wnmve w`qwQjb|
UvKvUv Pq GKUv wPiKzU wjL PvPvi fvZi _vjvq Pvcv w`q ivLb|
PvPv evevi KvQ gvqi jLvcov Rvbvi msev` Rvbvj evev gnvLykx|
Reve KvMR Kjg I wPwV jLb gvi KvQ| GUvB evevi c_g jLv
gvqi KvQ| Gevi wec` Aviv evojv| Qj jLvcovi Rb cvMj,
e jLvcov Rvbv gq, wPwV `q, Reve Avm| QjKZv Avi ek
ivLv hve bv| QjUvI eqvov aibi e`ivMx KLb wKgZ Ki em
ejv hvq bv| `v`x PvPvK wbq `ki evox Pj Mjb| Mnbv, UvKv,
mvbvi gvni wgwjq GKUv eo cvUjv MwQZ ivLb evg`xi `v`v
Lv`vei cyea~i KvQ| wZwb GLbv euP AvQb| Avwg Avgv`i
cwievii fvbi BwZnvm RvbZ wMq Ibvi KvQ GUv bZ cvB|
Avgvi PvPv fvj eemvqx Ges GB m` ZviB Avqi GK_v ejvq
wZwb Rvbvb- bv Zvgvi PvPv euvkx evRvbv Avi Zvm Ljv KiB mgq
KvUvZ fvjevmZb| GZv cwigvb m` Kv_vq cjb Gi Reve
Zuvi Rvbv bvB ejb| Avgv`i eski ZrKvjxb RxweZ evi eZgvb
eqm 90 Gi Dci| XvKvq Zuvi cy mwn`yji evmvq ZLb _vKZb|
gv BwZga cvki evmvUv wKb bZzb msmvi i Kib| G mgq evev
ewiewi ivM Avv nb| Wvvii civgk gZv cyY wekvgi Rb
`ki evox Pj hvb| G mgq cvkeZx b`xZ gvQ ai KvUvjb
KqK gvm| m mivg wekvj cwigvb hv Avwg `LwQ| Gi ci
ivRevox Pj Avmb Ges iji PvKzixZI Bdv `b| PvKzix bb
ivRevox wgDwbwmcvwjwUZ| BZvga gvqi c_g Kbv Uzbx gviv
hvq Avi GK cy cU _vKZB| ZviI `yB eQi ci eyeyi Rb|
Gici Aviv `yRb AvuZzi Ni jvj bxj is e`j gviv Mj| 1935
mvj nvmby 1937 mvj Avwg, 1939 mvj Rvnvbviv Gi gvS GK
QjKI cuPvq gi djjv| Zvi ci 1943 mvj myKwi QvU
fvBUv euP Mj| 1945 mvj byixI wUKjv, Avgiv Qq fvB Qq evb
84 |

wUKjvg `yB fvB Pvi evb| m wnmve gvqi weq 1921/22 mvji
w`K ne|
eyey LyeB cPzh Ges Av`i cwZcvwjZ| evev Zvi mg Ave`viB
c~iY KiQb| ZLbKvi w`b cmywZ Kbv cme Kij cwievii mevi
gyL kw kj eyK covi mgq jYi gyLi fve hZUv Lvivc
nqwQj Zvi PqI g` `LvZv | bv Avgvi evev gq ev QjK
c_K fve `Lb wb| wkvi cwZ evevi fvjevmv KZ wekvj wQj m
cwiPq cvIqv hvq eyeyi weqZ| mUv 1941-42 mvj ne| Avgvi
hkvii dzcv nvRx Avyj Kwig| whwb LyeB abvX I weLvZ ew|
KjKvZvq eemv K` QvovI wbR^ evm KqKUv PjvPj KiZv
hkvi _K PzqvWvv ch| m mgq KjKvZv nq ij hkvi ev
Lyjbv hZ nZv| wbR^ gvUi MvoxZ PjvPj KiZb| wZwb eyeyi
weqi Rb GK cvK wcZv mn wbq GmQb| KvKZvjxq fve
mw`bB KjKvZvq evevi c~e cwiwPZ ez GK cv GbQb| hvi is
Kvjv, PvLUv Uviv Avi VvUUvI GKUz euvKv| wmsmvi GK evb
Qvov KD bvB| KjKvZvq gm _K PvKzix Kib| gywk`vev`i
enigcyi _K cixv w`q KjKvZv wekwe`vjq _K wZbUv mvbvi
gWj cqQb, gavex Qv`i ZvwjKvq hv AvRv zj wjwLZ
AvQ| evev mevBK Am Ki Zvi AwZ Av`ii my`ix gqUvK
GB Qji nvZ mgcb Kib| Avi mUv wZwb h fyj Kibwb mUv
cieZx Kvj cgvwbZ nqQ| `yjvfvB wk eqmB wcZgvZnxb nq
e `v`vi Zveavb gvbyl nb| Zvi `v`vi avibv nqwQj Giv
mvevjK nIqv ch wZwb nqZv Avi euvPeb bv| mRb wekvj
m`i gvwjK nqI ^xq bvwZK KQZvi mv_ K mwnz Ki eo
Ki Zvjb| hvi djkwZZ `Lv hvq `yjvfvB Lye wbinvix
mv`vwma Rxeb hvcb KiQb| Awdm wcIbKI wbR nvZ Pv evwbq
LvBqQb wbR nvZ cwiekb Ki| eyey wbR wcZMn me mgq `o
Suvc mvBKj Pvjbv, Ljvayjvq mgq KvwUqQ| wbRi Pvjbvi Rb
GKUv bKvI wQj Zvi| KjKvZvi e MwZ gvwbq PjZ Zvi
AbK mgq jMwQj| wg_v AwfhvM evwbq wPwV w`Z gvqi KvQ|
wewfb wbhvZbi eYbv Ki| gvqi gb gqi Rb evKzj| GKevi
85 |

evox Gb Avi cvVvbv nq bv| Avgiv mevB eo nq eySwQ eyey h

Ki eYbv wjL gvK fywjqwQj `yjvfvB mUv KLbB KiZ cvib
bv| eyeyi mB mgqi kvwo Kvcojvi `vg KvbUviB GKk UvKvi
Kg bq| wbR Kvb w`b wbRi Kvco ayq `Lbwb| Avwg KjKvZvq
Mj fvBK `LwQ msmvii KvR KiZ|
`yjvfvB evevK GKiKg Rvi KiB KjKvZvq wbq hvb Ges
Auditor wnmve wmwfj mvcvBZ PvKzix cvBq `b| Avgv`i
msmvi Avevi bZzbi nvIqv jvM| mUv 1942/43 mvj ne|
wekhy Avi gnv`ywfi cyiv mgqKvjUvB evev KjKvZv, Avgiv
gvqi Zveavb | Mvgi gq njI gvqi `yi`wkZvq Avgiv GB
So SvcUv _K wbivc` wQjvg| GRb gv AvfiYnxb nb| m fvvi
Aviv xY nq hvq cieZx bvbv `~wecvK| evoxZB Avgvi c_g cvV
gvqi nvZ, iji cvVkvjvq jLv cov wKQyw`b| Zvici ge Kvm
Iqvb| _xZ fwZ nB Mvqvj` nvB zj| ci ermi ivRv m~hKzgvi
BwbwwUDkb| Avgvi Kvk AvwgB GKgv gymjgvb, bo bvgi
gvnvZ ILvbB Rvbjvg| mvi`i cvq mevB AvmjB Lye fvj
wQjb, Zvi ga `eeZ fvPvh bxjy evey Avgvi mePq wcq |
Dcb evey Kvm XyKj my`i cwigj bmxi M fi hZ NiUv; wZwb
fvj MvqK wQjb| fq cZvg bbx eveyK| gyL gyL LUgU evsjv
ej BsiRxZ UvbU KiZ ejZb| Zvi Ubm, fve Avi bvDb
bv nj cU wPgwU|
GKw`b aijb hUv AvRv gb AvQ, ivg LvjyB jBqv evRvi
hvBZwQj bv| fvejvg LvjyB Gi BsiRx bv Rvbvq invB cvIqv
hve| bv Zv njv bv, ejb- LvjyBqi BsiRx bv Rvbj wZ bvB,
LvjyBB ejv|
wZxq ii Qv wnmve Kviv bRi Kvwo bvB mZ, wK bxjy evey
whwb we`vmvMi gnvkqi bvZwbi Qj| ^`kx KiZb, Rj
MQb, huvi gywZ Avgiv ejZvg wZwb Rji jvnvi Mov` f
GmQb Ges wekvm KiZvg mwZB wZwb Avgv`i zji Rvbvjvi
gvUv wkKi gZv Rji wkK fB ewoq GmQb| Kvm M
ejZb my`i Ki| Zuvi wcZv-gvZvK `wLbvB| wcZv Avgv`i
86 |

zji GwmmUU nW gvvi hvM` bv_ fvPvh Avwg fwZ nevi

wKQyw`b AvMB MZ nqQb| `vn evoxi mvgbi wekvj bviKj
MvQUvi wbP `Iqv nq hvi wP H MvQUvq ew`b ch wQj| gvZv
CkiP` we`vmvMii `wnx mimxevjv AvMB gviv MQb `yB cy
iL| bxjy evey ZLbI weq Kibwb| QvU fvB wkey `v`v iua
w`Zb| Avwg mvii AeZgvb evoxZ XyK mnR mij wkey `v`vK
DZ KiZvg| bxjy evey Qv`i KLbv `wnK kvw w`Zb bv|
GKevi Avwg wbD dmKvZ cqmv w`q evMvWyjx LjZ Mj
BqvKze wgqv Ibvi KvQ ej `b| Dwb ciw`b Kvm bvg DPviY bv
Ki Qv`i ejb Zvgiv wK Rvb Zvgv`i Kvmi GK Qj Ryqv
Lj? AvgvK mevi KvQ nq Kibwb| Zgwb DwKj wP ib n
ivZi Avuavi wewo UvbZ UvbZ evox wdiwQj bxjy evey mvgbv mvgwb
Gm UP jvBU gi wPK `Lb gyL wewo Uvbv Aevq| ciw`b
Kvm bvg DjL bv Ki mevBK ejb Zvgv`i wK KD wewo LvI?
Zvgv`i Kvmi GKRb wK Lvq| evm G chB| fvj AwfbZv
wQjb| wmivRi f~wgKvq `LwQ| dzUejI LjZb| AvgvK mB
mgq evgv diZ Lvqv hvIqv evPv`i wk m`b mvBKj ewmq
wbq Avmb knx` zw`ivgi gZz evwlKx Abyvb| Avwg AvRv GUv
Mei mv_ iY Kwi| h mfvM Avwg Qvov Kvb Qvi fvMB
RvUwb|
nW mvi wQjb jvK bv_ fvPvh| whwb Avgv`i Kvm KLbv
Avmbwb| wK eviv`vq Ibvi RyZvi k Qv wkK ZU nq
hZb| Ibvi we`vq w`bi QweUvq Avwg wZxq mvwoZ| hUv Avgvi
mncvwV i_xb g KjKvZvq bxjy mvii evmvq Uvvbv wQj ej
AvgvK AbK ci Rvbvq GUvI Avgvi Mei|
fviZ fvM njv| Avgiv GBme wkK`i nvivjvg| Qv hviv Gjv
c_gB wewo LvIqvUv wkL djjvg| Kvm duvwK `IqvI hy njv|
MvovcbUv cv nqwQj ej UbUzb cvk Ki Mjvg Ag
kYx| Ab welq cwZ nq MwQ|
evev evrmwiK wicvU `L XvKvq wbq Mjb| Iq G nvB zj
beg kYxZ fwZ nZI eM cZ njv bv| eQi LvbK fvjB
87 |

wQjvg| Zvici wkv wegyL wKQy ez RyUjv fvMgB| Avi mUvB

Avgvi Ges cwievii mevi eoB AvNvZ, Avgvi viv NU hvq| Avwg
cov Qo `B| Pzj Uwi KU Avv gi eovB| AwbqZvi
ga _vKvi Pq Avevi ivRevox wdi hvIqvB evev wi Kijb
PvKzixi gqv` kl nj Avgiv Pj Gjvg|
Lye wk Kvj _KB `LwQ gv Avgv`i msmvi mPj ivLvi Rb
D`qv cwikg Ki hZb| evoxZ gywo fR gvqv Ki ivLZv
eiv GKUv `yUv nvZ awiq coZ ewmq Pj hZv Ab KvR|
Rwgi avb Gj KvR eo hZv| wm `Iqv Kvbv Avi XuwKZ
Pvj evbvbv| kLi em bq, gvqi KvRi fvMx nev GB gb wbq
AvwgI IB eqm XuwKZ cvo `Iqv, RuvZv Nywiq Mg clv, PvwKZ
Wvj evbvbv, Kzqv _K cvwb Zzj `Iqv mg KvR mvnvh
KiZvg| ay Avwg bB m mgq Avwg Avi nvmbyB GKUz KvRi hvM
nqwQ| fvBevb evRviI KiZvg cvjv Ki|
me KvRi kl gvqi LZ LZ weKj| evev evox Gj `LZvg
evev Kvb KvR KiZv bv| msmvii `yUv KvR KiZ wMq wecixZ
dj nevi ci _K bvwK Zvi GB Abxnv| Gi GKUv gvi KvQ kvbv
AbUv Avgvi Dci w`q NUQ| Lwo dvoZ wMq RyZv `yB L, cv
euP hvq| wZxqUv Avwg GKUv cuywZ bvKi GKwQ` XywKq dwj|
wKQyZB hLb ei Kiv Mj bv evevi gv_vq eyw Avmjv Ab dyUv
w`q cv Kij evZvmi avvq cyuw_Uv ewoq AvmZ cvi|
mvBKji cvvi w`q Ab dzUv w`q Lye Ki cv Kijb|
ewoq Gjv wVKB Ze cywZ bq ZvRv i bvK gyL w`q| nvmcvZvj
bIqv njv wK euvPvi Avkvm cvIqv Mj bv| GKgv Qj Avwg
ZLb| evev wavi kybZ kybZ Hh Pzcm Mjb Avi Ic_
Kvbw`b Gjb bv| gvqi GKvi KuvaB me evSv Pc emjv|
gvqi cwZ ggZvi Rb bvwK Avgvi Aviv AvM _K| ivZ gv Dcyi
nq hLb AvgvK wcVi Dci Pwoq w`Z Avwg cviW KiZ KiZ
gvK ejZvg gv Avwg eo nq `yBUv weq Kiev| GKRb fvZ iuvae
AbRb Zvgvi Mv wUc `e| GB PvIqvUv h gvqi RxebiB wZxq
msiY evSvi eqm Avgvi nqwb| 1955 mvj XvKv _K wdi Gm
88 |

ivRevoxi Rxeb i KiZ gv c_gB GKUv fvZi nvUj Ki

evevK ewmq `b| ivbv evoxZB nq| ZvZI me fvBevb`i
covbvq mszjvb nq bv| nvUji AwewZ jvRv gv_v evoxZ
Avgiv LvB| `Lv Mj eKvi nqI ivR gvQ fvZ Avgv`i RyUQ|
Avwg mqU j`vii RyZv Avi KWi cvU co Avvq hvB| Zgwb
PjZvI nqZ| wK GKw`b evevK `Ljvg nvUji GK Lii
GuUv _vjv ayq Lvevi w`Z| Avwg _gK `uvovjvg| Abi `w w`q
wbRK weklY Kijvg| GB e jvKUv GKw`b wkwZ mgvRi
GKRb m`m wQj| nvwUs myU co wkKvi eiZ| fviZi mg
Aj NyiQ ay gYi bkvq, PvKzixZI EZb KgKZvi wcq
fvRb wQjb BsiRxZ ` nIqvq| m GKUv ZZxq kYxi nvUj
w`q ZZvwaK wb Lii GuUv _vjv ayq w`Q| Zvi QjUv my`i
mRR Avvq Pjjv| Avwg evox wdi Gjvg| mvU cvU Lyj
wbtk Pj Gjvg evevi KvQ| Avgvi beRbi m~cvZ mw`b
_K| mZi cwiq MjI Avgvi Pnvivi `vl 14/15 gZv
jvMZv| Pbv Rvbv meviB vi nB Avqi Kvb c_ cvBq `evi
Ave`b wbq| Aekl cjvg Kzwqvq GK `vKvbi wcwPi KvR|
LvIqv LiP ev` gvm gvBbv wk UvKv| wZb gvm mLvb wQjvg|
`vKvbi kvKmi Dci co hvevi fq NygvZ cviZvg bv, Icvi
evsjvi gvbyl ivbvq AvukU M| Zey Avwg wcQ cv njvg bv| QywU wbq
evox GmwQ| msmvii Kvb mvnvh Avwg KiZ cvwiwb| GKw`b
Wvvi Rwjj fvB ejjb ikb wWjvikxc hw` KiZ PvI Pv KiZ
cvwi, Ze LyeB wiw KvR, GK cv Rj GKUz boPo njB| Avwg
ZLb Avb Suvc w`ZI cZ| Ibvi mv_ Mjvg dzW KUvjvi
mvnei `ievi| wZwb c_g K_vwU ejb | Zzwg zj fwZ nI
wMq| hZ`yi me KiY gyL IbvK Avgvi Aevi K_v RvbvjvgwZwb AvMvgx Kvj `iLv wbq AvmZ ejb| ciw`b Avgvi wbhyw
nq Mj| `vKvb Pvjvbvi UvKvZv bvB| Avevi Wvt Rwjj fvBGi
vi njvg| wZwb bvivb`vi (Kzgvik Pexi) KvQ ev Rvbvj
wZwb AvgvK `vKvb cwiPvjbvi A_ `b| Avgvi wWjvikxc Rxeb
Zwk eQi| wWjvi wnmve mdj Avi mybvgi AwaKvix| mRb
89 |

Awdm Avgvi GKUv BgR Mo IV| mKjB AvgvK mvnvh

mnhvwMZv w`qQb Kvb Kvb Awdmvii mv_ mK eyZi chvq
MQ|
Avgvi QvU evbUv fvj Qvx| IK DPZi wkvi myhvM w`Z XvKvi
BWb fwZ Ki w`jvg| Zvi nvj LiP gvwmK lvU UvKvi hvMvb
`Iqv Avgv`i Rb cvbv njI Avgiv mevB GB K fvM Ki
wbqwQ| evevi h ^c Zv c~iY KiZB Avgiv cwZve nqwQjvg|
Acic m`h Avi cwZfv`x Aeqe wbq QywUZ evox GmQ|
mvavib cwievii gq njI m ivRevoxi miv my`ix| 1958 mvj
BWb my`ix LvZ| ZvQvov evbUv, Avgvi wcZvi h ^c Avwg f
w`qwQ, Zv eveZvq ic `evi hvMZg| Avwg ZvK weq `evi
wPvB Kwi bv | meii mg gvbyli AbyivaI Avwg AUj Kvb
fveB AvgvK cjy Kiv Mj bv| Zey kl Aewa nq Mj |
1960 mvj ikbi eemvq g`v `Lv `Iqvq Avwg `vKvbUv Abi
ndvRZ iL Pj Mjvg hkvi| Avgvi dzcvZv fvBqi cwiwPZ
GK wVKv`vii KvR `Lvkvbvi Rb PvKzix cjvg| GqvicvUUv
ewUk Avgji 1500 wWMx evjy cv_i Avi cxP wgwkq XvjvB| gvS
ga cxP gkvbv cv_i `yGKUv dU wMq Mvq Gm jvMj Vvv bv
nIqv ch IUv IVvbv hZ bv| cuvP nvRvi dzU j^v Di _K
`wY ivbIq hvi Avkcvk AbKUv duvKv| Qvqv`vi Kvb MvQ
bB| mvivw`bgvb iv` cyo ivZ wUbi SzcwoZ Vvv nvIqvq Rg
hZvg| KvRUv kl njv wZb gvmB| gvwjK, bZzb GKUv KvR cq
XvKv Mjb Avgv`i ndvRZ Kv`vj ejPv iL cbi w`bi
Rb| gvm Pj hvq Ibvi divi Kvb jY bvB| Lvevii cqmvI
GKw`b kl nq Mj| ivRv AvwQ Avwg Avi Avgvi mnKgx `yB Rb|
BdZvii cqmv wQj bv| c_i cvki MvQi wbP co _vKv eiB
w`q BdZvi njv eU ivZi Lvevi wQj bv| mnKgx `yRb AvgvK
LyeB fvjevmZv| Avgvi ARvB Zviv wZb gvBj `~i kni Avgvi
dzcvZ fvBK me Rvbvj mivZB fvB AvgvK Zvi evmvq wbq
Avmb| mnKgx `yRbK AwbwZ Aevq dj cvwjq AvmZ
Avgvi jv Avi Acivaeva nqwQj| wK DcvqI wQj bv| Avwg
90 |

fvBK Avgvi Gfve AvmvUv wVK nQ wK bv ejvq fvB mUv

evSvcov Kieb Avkvm `b| fvB wQjb hkvi cimfvi
Pqvigvb I c_g kYxi wVKv`vi| Zvi euva Zixi KvR PjQ bvbv
Aj| AvgvK mLvbB cvwVq `b| Avwg GZ wewQb GjvKv AvM
KLbv `wLwb| b`xi `yB cvo eua bvbv cvwb _K dmji gvV
Dvi Kiv nQ| fvUvq cvwb bg Mj ebi Wvjcvjv wewQq Zvi
Dci Kv`v gvwUi Pvc `Iqv| Rvqvi IUv Wye hZ Avevi fvUvq Ii
Dci Wvjcvjv w`q gvwUi Pvc emvbv| GB fve g Rvqvii
DPZvi Pq gvwUUv RM DVj GUv vqxZ cZ cZ GwMq
hvIqv|
gvBji ci gvBj GB wexb AjUv Rvqvi fvUvi Ljv| cvwZ eb
Qvov wKQyB Drcb nq bv gvV| k Kvb Aevb Zix bv nIqvq big
Kv`v gvwUZB `uvwoq _vKZ nZv, bqZv bKvq|
c_g w`bB avv Ljvg b`xZ mvb KiZ wMq| cvo _K mevB
GK mv_ wPrKvi Avi Bkvivq nZf^ Avwg ZwoNwo DVZB mevB
Rvbvjv Avgvi fvM fvj GLbI nvZ cv Av wbq cvo DVZ
ciwQ| KvgU bvgi GK aibi gvQ hUv nvOii evgb msiY|
myhvM cjB hKvb A avivjv `uvZ ewmq wbglB KU wbq
hvq| KuvKov aiZ wMq Ggb cv KU bIqv AbK gvbyl Avwg
`LwQ| eLqvj KLb Rvqvi Zvi nvUz ch cvwbZ Wye MQ
Ui cvqwb|
Water in every where, but not a drop to drink. cvwbZ
evm, me cvwb, wK LvIqvi GK we`yI bq| KvRB KvR eij
12 NUvi cvwb mv_ wbqB hZ nq| Avi mUv mnRjfI bq|
Avgvi evmvvbi wUDeIqjUvq bKv evSvB gq cyil AvmZv
`~i-`yiv _K|
GZ`ji evwm`viv hgb Mixe Zgwb mij| knii gZv
cvPvjv fvebv Giv ZLb fveZv bv| cv` RvwZ hv`i RxweKv gvQ
wkKvi| Zv`i cvovq KZ h mgv`i wQj Avgvi| eo`i cob
jswU QvUiv Kvjv Kvjv bsUv| Zey G`i mvnPh Avgvi gb fi
hZ|
91 |

Avgvi eqm 23 eQi| bexb heb| jvKvjq _K e`~i GKvKx

wbtm Rxeb| Zey mLvbB Avgvi Rxebi mePq myLi w`bjv
KUQ| Avwg cKwZi GK`g KvQ _K AvZ nqwQ `qi
Abyf~wZ w`q| cgi KweZv Avgvq cg wkLvjv ILvbB| Avgvi
PvwiwK cwieZb Avmjv| Avwg bZzb Avwg nq `yUv eQi ILvb
KvwUq wdi Gjvg| cvk eQi AvMi K_v me iY KiZ cvwibv|
Avevi KLbI me K_v GKmv_ RM IV ZLb Avi Avjv`v Ki
fveZ cvwibv|
Avwg ILvb ay Mvgevmx`i wcq wQjvg Zv bq| WAPDAi mg
Dci IqvjvivI AvgvK fvj RbQb| AbKi mv_ eyZ Lye
MfxiZiB nqQ| GKevi GK ExecutiveK wekvmB KivZ Avgvi
ek eM cZ nqQ h Avwg gvBbvfy KgPvix gv| Dwb AvgvK
efve ejQb hb Avwg wbR wVKv`vi fy nB| me aibi
mvnvhi AvkvmI w`qQb| Avwg ZuvK ejwQ Avwg Kc`Knxb,
Avgvi wbR _K wVKv`vix bvg Afy Kivi cqmvI bvB| Avgvi
GK_v b Ibvi evw_Z gyLUv AvRv Avgvi PvL fvm| gvV chvqi
Kgx`i Kviv eqvB Kviv Iv` Kviv fvqivfvB| Avwg h gvqbv
cZvg meUvB evoxZ cvVvZvg| wewo LiP evRvii evRU _K
PjZv| Avi Kvb LiP Kivi myhvM ILvb wQj bv| mvU cvU Avgvi
dzcvZ fvBqi KvQ _K cZvg bZzb cyivZb wgwjq| fvBqi
gqUv covi eBqi RvMvb w`Z| Avi wQj Avgvi gS evbi
nvji evexiv| gS evb nvmby ZLb miKvix PvKyix wbq
msmvii nvj aiQ| hviv AvgvK bv `LI Avgvi Kvgivq Zvjv
Qwe `L wbqwgZ wPwV Av`vb c`vb KiZv| IivI KD QvU evb,
KD fvmyi cvwZqQ| IB Aj eQi GKvwaK wPwV GK bvg
Avmvi BwZnvm bvB| Avgvi bvg cwZw`b Pvi cuvPUv wPwV AvmZv|
wZb gvBj `~i _K hUv wbq AvmZv Avgvi ivbvi wcwPUv| bqZv
nvUi w`b GKmv_ `k evivUv| cv gvvi AvgvK `Lvi e
Abyiva Kivq GKevi Avwg MwQ| Ibvi evoxZB GKNi Awdm,
AvgvK cq Avi QvoZ Pvb bv| wPwV cvIqvZB Avwg cwm nq
Mjvg| IB `k nvUi w`b mg Muvqi gvbyl bKvq nvwRi nq
92 |

`yi`yiv _K| Mfxi ivZ ch evRvi Pj KvevBW Mvmi Avjvq|

wPwV wewj, avcv, bvwcZ weqi NUKvjx me IB nvUi w`b| bKvi
gvwS mbvm cv` Avi gvwU KvUvi kwgK ki Avjx MvRx Avgvi
cvbi mLv I`i Qo AvmZ Avgvi K nqQ| bvbv cwbZ
Avgvi Avgvkq vqx evmv euvajv| wUKZ cvijvg bv| evox Gm
Avevi ikbi evemv| Avq evovbvi Rb wmvi Kvvbxi GRx
wbjvg| Avgvi Rxeb Ab w`K gvo wbj| Ljva~jv Avv bvUK
mewKQyZ Rwoq cwiwPwZ cjvg|
Qjejvq cvV eB AvgvK AvKlb bv KijI evevi wekvj msMn
_K Zv Avwg wKQy eyS wKQy bv eyS co djwQ| wbRI eB
wKbZvg me wgwjq fvj GKUv jvBeixi gZv nqwQj|
Qwe Zvjvi kLZv mB Qjejv _K| 1960 mvjB cuvPkZ UvKv
w`q YEASICA-D wKbwQ| IUv Avgvi GK Iv` ez Avng`
gvvdv (cR wWii Nvovkvj cvIqvi cvU) nvwiq djj) m
MINOLTA-SRI wKb `q| GLvb Qwe wcU Kivi Kivi myhvM
wQj bv| wbR evoxZ eev Kijvg| GUv AvgvK Aviv cwiwPwZi
vi Lyj `q| bvUKi bvqK nevi m~ ai cwiwa Aviv weZZ nq|
Avgvi Qjejvi ez ivRv w_qUvi AcvY| hgb AwfbZv Zgwb
cwiPvjb `Zv| m me welqB ivRv wQj| Gme weij cwZfvi
ey`i mK wjL cKvk Kivi hvMZv Avgvi bvB| hgb bvg m
ivRv me welqB m ivRv wQj| gZyI Zvi ivRvmyjf miKvix mvb
wbq|
1962 mvj Avgvi GK gv QvU fvBUv Avgvi BQvi weiB cvK
bfxZ fwZ nq KivPx Pj hvq| m Ljva~jvq ILvb LyeB bvg
Ki| cvwKvb bvkbvj wUgi MvjwKcvi wnmve gbvwbZ nq| nvB
Rv Zvi zji iKW AvRI Ayb AvQ| Kvb cwkb bv wbqB
m mUv AvqZ KiwQj| cvwKvbi cwZwU KvMR Qwe mn Lei
_vKZv Ii hw`b Ljv _vKZv| cvwKvbi cvq cwZwU kniB m
LjQ | cwkb wbqQ gvixi cvnvo Nov gvV| miKvix mevP
93 |

cavbi ^vwiZ mvwUwdKU GLbI mhZ iLwQ| bwfZI fvj

cv wQj| wK wK h njv cvwjq Pj Gjv 1968 mvj| ^vaxbZv
hyI i _K hy nqwQj wKy `yfvM m ^xKwZUzKzI cj bv|
kl wg_v AwfhvM wbq wbgg fve m wbnZ njv|
Avgvi fvBqi gZy h AvNvZ Avgvi `q jMQ Zv
AvRv `M`M ZvRv Z| Avgvi mv_xiv mn KD weqi eb Ave
nZ PvBZvg bv| Avwg bv PvBjI NUKi AvbvMvbv evoxZ| Qj
fvj Avq Ki| wkwZ mgvR Pjv ejv| evev eKvi Kvb KvR bvB|
KvRB w`bivZ Ryi Ryi Avi nvmbi wgw| Avwg wei njI
wKQy ejZ cvwiwb| GKeviZv Kzwqvq Mjvg mviv gvmi Avq LiP
Ki gq `LZ | `LvI nj| GK AvZxq AvQb Avgv`i, Zvi
evox eovZ wMq wb gqUvi bvwK AvM weq nqwQj| AvwgZv
ILvb _K Pj Gjvg| wK gvUv `uvI gvivi jvf NUK gq
ci bvbv jvfbxq Advi wbq evevi mv_ AvVvi gZv jM iBj
Avgvi AMvPi| Rvwbbv evev duv` cv w`q Kvb K_v w`qwQjb
wKbv| evi Avgiv ezeve cvqB Kzwqv hZvg gwbs kvZ
BsiRx gvi`vv eB `LZ | mw`bI hvev| ivZ gv ejjv ILvb
AviKwU gqi LuvR cqwQ| Avmvi mgq `L Avwmm| kb
Pbv jvK _vKe, gv h AvMB jvK cvwVq kb _vKZ ejQ
RvbZvg bv| Avwg nuv, bv wKQyB ejjvg bv| wVKvbv Rvbvi AvMnI
cKvk Kijvg bv| KvU kb bg Kvb Pbv jvK bv `L GKUz
gbzbB njvg| AcgvwbZI eva Kijvg| wmbgvi ZLbI mgq
AvQ| fvejvg b`xi cvo w`q nU nU iKmx nj cuQvj wKQyUv
mgq KvUe, mw`KB hvwQ| wKQyUv `~i MwQ| `yUv evoxi Mwji
Avovj _K GK jvK Bkvivq AvgvK WvKQ| AvwgZv cvq nvZ
DwVqwQ gviZ| evUv AvgviZv Gc_ Avmvi K_vB bv| bg Mjvq
m UvbZ UvbZ IB evoxUvi GKUv Ni wbq ejj- Avcwb GLvb
Avmeb AvMi `Lv gq c wK Ki Rb djQ| mvivivZ GB
evox cvnvov w`q Rvbvb w`qQ Qji evc Zv`i K_v w`qQ
GLvb Gj nvBRvK Ki Avgiv GB Qji mv_B weq `e| Avgvi
Anvi GUv eo AvNvZ| Avgvi BQvi wei evevI wKQy KivZ
94 |

cviwb| Avi Giv ej wK? gv_vq i Po Mj| evoxi KZv e

nvRx gvbyl IbvK Avgvi wkv, Avq, msmvii `vqfvi me Rvwbq
ejjvg hw` hvM weePbv Kib ZvivZvwi ejeb wmbgv i nq
hve `ix nj| Dwb wmbgv `Lv gvUB cQ` Kib bv RvbZvg bv|
PvL cjKnxb Pq f`jvK ejjb ay nvZ wK weq nq? wKQy
wKb wbq Gmv| cKU gv wZwik UvKv m^j| Zvq evi `vKvb
cvU Lvjv bB| AvUvk UvKvq kvwo cjvg GKUvKv eviv Avbvq
evDR|
weq nq Mj| Kgb Pnviv eqmUvB ev KZ wKQyB Rvwb bv| evPz
Avi evjb wQj mv_| Iiv wdi Avme| gqUv h GKeviB
evPv| `Lv Ki ejvg Zzwg Zvgvi gv evevi KvQ kvb hw` Ibviv
cwiwPZ nevi myhvM `b Zvnj Avwg _vKZ cvwi| bBj I`i mv_
Pj hve| evPv eqm Acwic gb wK eySjv Rvwb bv| Nvo bo
mwZ Rvbvj| evPz, evjbK we`vq Rvbvjvg|
Lye fvi cwZ wbwQ wdi Avmvi| `ix bvB Mvoxi | ivbv Nii
bvvi AvqvRb mgq eq Mj dj Kiev| XyK cijvg ivbv Ni|
wcwo Ub wbq gSZ em Mjvg| mevB AcZ| ejjvg `Lb
evoxZI Avgvi LvIqvUv ivbv NiB Ggwb wcwoZ em| Avcvbviv
GKUz ZvovZvwo `b| Ub dj Kij Avgvi Amyweav ne| mevBK
Av^ Kijvg Ges meZt mevi Avcb njvg ZLb _KB| Avgv`i
`vZ Rxeb LyeB msw| 1967 kl fvM _K 1976 Gi ga
gvm| 8 eQii cvwievwiK Kvib h kvw web nqQ Zvi cfve
Avgv`i DciI coQ| evevi gZz, fvBqi gZz, `yUv eQi Avgiv
K_vI ewk ewj bvB| ^vaxbZvvi 1 eQi `ov`woZ MQ| cyo
hvIqv Nievox QvZB Mj KZw`b| Avwg h fe iLwQjvg me
wgU Mj IK mB h gvqi ebvi BwZe Zvi cybivew mUv
Avi ne bv| m mgq cjvg KB| GKw`b GKUv evBk eQii Rv
gq Gfve giZ cvi bv| ckwe Avwg ki evox mevi KvQ
KZh wbP bg Mjvg mUv Avwg eywS| Zey Zuviv fvj gvbyl AvgvK
A`ewa Avcb ejB Rvbb| mB h Qj ejvq gvqi wcV Po
gvRvi ev_v gvmR Ki w`Z w`Z ejwQjvg gv Avwg `yUv weq
95 |

Kiev GKRb fvZ iuvae Avi GKRb gvRv wUc `e| Avwg cwUi
gvQ Lve bv, eK LZ `e| mv c_gUv gyi Kijv klUv ev`
w`q| c_gRb h mwZB Avgvi gvK ivbv Nii Mx gy KiwQj|
wZxq Rb gvqi A_e nevi ciB Zvi AvMgb| kl w`bjv gvi
vbnxb Aevq KUQ| ckvq mweKv wQj ZvB c_gvai wZxq
Ask mevsk mZ nj|
h `yRb bvix Avgvi Rxeb eD cwiPq Gjv Zvi c_g Rb cvPzhi
gvS fiv msmvii Askx nq| wZxq Avgvi Pig wechq Avi me
nvivbvi mgh| GKRb gv,evev, fvB evb`i me cvIqvi `vex
wgUvZ| AbRb me nvwiq QvU wZbUv evPvi e_v `yi Kivi `vwqZ
wbq|
c_gUv fvMi wkKvi nq iRbi Av`k, wZxqRb
^Qvq ag, evev, gv, fvB evb ZvM Ki| `yRbiB wgj GK
RvqMvq, Avgv`i mevq wbRK DrmM, Avi cvIqvi LvZ kybZvq|
kl chvq Gm Avwg A`ev`x nZ cvijI wnmve wgjvZ cviwQ
bv| GwK mB wbavwiZ Mx hv cwiq hvIqv hvq bv ? PvwiwK ewk
m~Y Avjv`v njI `yRbi Kgi aviv GK| GKRbi cKvk Ab
Rbi _K wfb| fvB evb gv evev jvKRb wbq h msmvi mLvb
h DQjZv kvwi AvenvIqv mw Ki c_g Rbi ZvB wQj| mevBK
gvwZq ivLZv| cvov cwZekx cwiwPZ AcwiwPZ mevi m gkvi,
Avcb Ki bevi Avjv`v GKUv ^fve Ii gvq wQj| `ycyii w`K
evox Gjvg ZZcyo, ej GK e jvK GmwQj hve ivRkvnx Mvox
cvQ bv kb AvQ| Avwg cvv w`jvg bv| Lq `q qwQ
Avevi Kvbi KvQ Nvb Nvb| eva nq kb Mjvg ILvb eyov
`vwo hvKB `wL wRvmv Kwi, Aekl GK eyov cjvg m x,
gq| AvwZw_qZvq Zviv Pvi w`b wdiZ cviwb| n jvo,
wcKwbK, wmbgv Zvi Rb QvU eo DuPz wbPz f` m KiZv bv|
Avgvi evbivI n jvo KiZv evex`i wbq I Gm mUv cvq
wbqwgZ nq hvq AvR wcKwbK Kvj wmbgv | cU Qq gvmi evPv
Zey Pj wmjvB`n hLb PovBKvj _K nuvUv c_ Qvov hvIqv hZ bv
| cov cokxivI ev` hZ bv | GKvZ nq gkvi `Zv wQj Zvi
96 |

Pwi| Avi meh ekx wQj AwZw_ mev| ciK LvIqvZ m

mePq fvjevmZv| Avgvi cwiwPZ QvovI ^ cwiwPZ ev gvUB
cwiwPZ bq Ggb gvbyli cwZI Zvi Avcvqb, AvjvcPvwiZvi Zyjbv
Kv_vI `wLwb Ges mUv cKvki Kvb cPvI Zvi wQj bv| wbt^v_
fve m hKviv Rb, `yt gvbyli Rb mev KiQ, hUv Mi
gvZv kvbve| `k Lv`fve, ^vgx Zvovbv wZb wcwP wbq c_,
evox wbq Gjv, _vKjv Zviv AvgZz| cvq kZ eQii ev Avgvi
bvbx| ZvK wbR nvZ Mvmj Kwiq w`Z `LwQ hUv Zvi gq
Avgvi gvqi `vwqZ wQj| hv iMx, fvj Lvevi `iKvi `yai RvMvb
wQj| e GK gvbyl msmvi _K `yi
evm, iua Lvq, ivR `ycyi wcwP w`q ZiKvix cvVvZv| dwKi,
GKUv KyiMx `yUv nvZ bvB, em wbR nvZ LvBq w`Z| eyiv Ii
^fve RvbZv| mgq Amgq ivZweivZ DZv Ki gRv jyUZv|
GKevi bvUK kl Kzkxje 42Rb ivZ `yUvq Gm nvwRi| fvwe
Lvevi `vI| Avwg evox Qo cvjvjvg bv eU I Ni NvcwU gi
_vKjvg| wK ivuajv wK LvIqvjv IB Rvb| ivZ mevi LvIqv nj
euP hvIqv iwU wbq ei nZv wdmji ikb `vKvb AciZ
evP`i w`Z| I GKevi evci evox _K QvU fvBqi mv_ Ub
AvmQ| Ggb GKRb hvi mv_ Avgvi m Zvi mK kzZvchvq,
QvU fvBUvi KvQ mUv RvbZ ci ZvK WK cvk emvjv|
ciii cwiPq bvB| A eqmx gq hP Avjvc Ki GUv mUvi
ci Avgv`i evox AvR weKj Avmb `vIqvZ _vKjv| K_v Av`vq
Ki m hLb evoxi wVKvbv wbq ivRx nq bv, Ii wcovwcwoZ K_v
w`j Avme| evox Gm AvgvK bvv wgw Lvevii weivU wdwiw|
weKj m Gm nvwRi GgbZiv KZ h Kvwnbx kl Kiv hve bv|
QvU fvB ^vaxbi ci gvb nq Mj| ay UvKv PvB, Zvi hvMvb
w`qI KzjvZ cvi bv| nvZi evjv Lyj wbj Rvi Ki| RvbZ
cvwi Ii gZzi ci| evevi kl w`bjvq weQvbv Ni b Ki
djZv| Kvb PvKi bq wbR w`bi ci w`b GKvB KiQ| Ii

97 |

cwZ mnvbyfywZkxj nq hw`b Avwg wKQyUv fvM wbjvg mw`bB evev

gviv hvq|
gZyc_hvx evev mvivivZ K_v ejZ PvBZ m w`Z m XyjZ XyjZ|
Avgiv nvmZvg| Avgv`iK evev WvKZv bv| AvRv wn`y hviv Zvi
bvg bj `yUv nvZ Kcvj VKvq| Avgvi QvU fvB cvwjq Gjv
cvwKvb _K 1968 mvj| wKy wgwjUvix AvBb KvwVb kvwhvM|
mRb jywKq _vKZv| GKUv hyeK Qj Zvi jywKq _vKvi Rxeb
Avwg gb wbZ cvwi bvB| evi evi ZvwM` w`Zvg gwWKj w`q
PvKyixZ wdi hvevi Rb| Avgvi gv, AbvbivI GRb Avgvi weic
nq| g Avgvi fvBUvI fe wbj Avwg IK Avgvi evemv evox
Nii Askx`vi bv ivLvi RbB IK movZ PvwQ| `yiZ kZvi
chvq Mj `k ^vaxbi ci| H mgq bwf-Z hvM`vb Kij m
AbK
eo nZ cviZv| m Dc`k KDB w`j bv| PvKzix w`j Mvqvj`
UUvBj wgj| vbxq kzZvq Rwoq cojv ILvb| Avgvi x
ZvK LyeB fvjevmZv| me Ave`vi Zvi wgwUqQ| gv ZLb cvMj
cvq| GLvb gb emZv bv Zvi| Mj hkvi QvU gqi evox|
ev_ig co wMq KwUi nvo f khvkvqx| IK cvVvjvg hLb
Avgvi Qj`i cixv PjQ| GK weaev ev cy mvb nviv mevi
AvM mUv Avgvi weePbvq| I Mj Ges mI ev_ig AvQvo Lj|
mvivw`b fvj, Ilya Wvvi meB GmQ| mvi ci nvmcvZvj MwQ
mKvj Gvy^j eyK KiZ, kb cuQ `e| So ewZ AvUUvi
ci evmvq Gm IK `L Avgvi eyKUv nVvr Qvr Ki DVjv| GZv
dvKvm i k~b jvMQ| Mvqi Kvco Nvg fRv| Lvevi PvBj
niwj w`jvg| Zvi ciB vb nvovjv| bZzb Wvvi Gjv Ges
You are too late ejjb| kl Pv GKUv BbRKkb Avi
Gvgeyq Avmvi AvMB m Pj Mj| Avgv`i `vZ Rxeb LyeB
msw| hyi mgqUv ay `ov`wo| ^vaxbZvi mgq evox cywoq
`q mRb fvov evox| Avi cvov wUbi Qvcov| evox Kivi RvqMv
5Uv wKbjI msmvi f Pj hvevi K_v Kvb w`b ej bvB| wVK
hLb Zvi myL Avmvi mgq ZLbB Zvi cZveZb| hZ mnR K_vjv
98 |

wjLwQ cKvk cvQbv ZvZ Avgvi AbyfywZi K_v| ciw`b jvk wbq
Ii gv evevi KvQ w`jvg| Avgvi Qj eo Avi gRvUv Acvq
AvQ gv Avmvi Rb| Avwg Avgvi Awfew Kvb fveB cKvk KiZ
cviwQ bv| She lived for us, she died for us GUvB Ii Rb
Avgvi kl K_v| wZxq weq gvbyl KiZ cvi GUv Avgvi fvebvi
AZxZ| eD Zv GKeviB nq| QvU wZbUv evPv Avi cy gv wbq
Avwg chy`| I`i ivbv, LvIhvbv, yj cvVvbv, Kvco KvPv Ges
ivZ GK weQvbvq kvqv| LvU PviRb AvuUZv bv| cvq emB
KvUZv| Ggwb mgqUv Wvt gvdv Avi Wvt jwZd Zv`i cvKwUm
kl Ki Avgvi ILvb AvmZv ivR ivZ| jwZd Mvb MvBZ gRvi
gRvi MI ejZv| GgbUvB ivR Avgiv GK mv_ nZvg ZLb|
gvdv `i`x gb wbqB me mgq AvgvK ejZv iwZvK weqi
K_v| Avwg mvq w`Zvg bv| wK gB eySZ cvijvg nqZ Avwg
AcwKZ nq hve| iwZv ZLb e`jx nq Pj MQ cvKkx| m
LyeB Mxi cKwZi Ges wbR Rxeb mK mPZb|
PvKix Rxeb cwiQb Pwii mybvg mKj kvi AvKlb KiZv| gv
evev fvB evb mKji `vq Zvi Kvua| agI Avgv`i Avjv`v| Wvt
gvvdv Zvi KvR cvKkx hve| Avgvi KvQ RvbZ PvBj Ges
Abyiva Kijv iwZvK Avnvb Kivi Rb| Avwg AbK fe gZ
w`jvg Ges m Avmjv| gv-evev, fvB-evb ag ZvM Ki| LmviZ
w`Z nqQ ZvK AbK| Avgvi Qjiv Avkq cjv| n w`q
I`i AvRKi chvq Avbvjv, Avgvi Avw_K Aev ZZvw`b wbP
bg MQ| msmvii `vqI Gi Kuva Awdm Kiv _K meB m
KiQ| AvR Zvi mB `n f MQ eqmi fvi| abm` I
mvb`i Rb wbtkl KiQ| `yB Rb x Avgvi Rxeb ay Avgv`i
RbB GmQ| Avwg G`i Kviv Kvb BQviB cyib KiZ cvwi bvB
| PvKixZ hgb m wQj Dutyful| gvZnxb wZb wki Rb me
ZvM KivUvI Zvi wWDwUi A wnmve m wbqQ| bBj Avgvi gvS
Ggb wKQyZv bB hv w`q GKRbK me^ ZvM Kivq Dy KiZ
cvwi| AvM hgb cvwiwb eZgvbI Avwg e_| Wye hvIqv m~hi
99 |

kvK Avuavi ivZi wgwUwgwU Zvivi m`h Avwg Dcv KiwQ

eZgvbi|
iv hw` m~h kvK
Si Akaviv
m~h bvwn di
ay ev_ nq Zviv
iex`bv_ |
mB mgqi ^v mevq wbqvwRZ wQjb huviv
1942 mvji wg kwi h DovRvnvRUv iji gvV gwo Lq
cojv Zvi PvjKK my Ki Zvjb Wvt hvMk P` Nvl| evoxUv
eZgvb K.K.Gm. Gi Awdm| wZwb Gj.Gg.Gd cvk njI kj
we`vq LyeB cvi`kx wQjb| wbDgvwbqv cK wMq Avgvi evbi
evPv gqUvi eyKUv Xvji AvKwZi nq Mj| wZwb evwoZB
KjvcvZvq Bq wcVi Kvbv KU GK evjwZ cuyR ei Ki w`jb|
Zuvi mev Avi wPwKrmvZB m fvj nq IV|
Zvivc` Wvvi wQjb Gg.we.we.Gm. ekx ivMx GKevi `LZb
bv| ev b 10 wgwbU wSg gi _vKZb Zvi ci weavb wjLZb|
emZb gywhvv gvKUi mvgb cwg w`KUvq| evox kxcyi Wvt
AvmRv` mvne hUvi eZgvb gvwjK| wVK ZviB Dv w`K Wvvi
evMPxi wWmcbmvix| hUvq ci Wvvi nvmb emZb| eviv`v
dvgmxZ emZb Wvvi cg_ bv_ ivq| Zuvi LyeB bvg WvK wQj
wPwKrmK wnmve| Zuvi GK Qj Avgvi mncvwV Avi.Gm.K.
BwbwwUDkb gv 12 NUvi Ri gviv hvq AKvj| Avi ZviB Dv
w`K Wvvi fib (Wvt gvjK hLvb cKwUm KiZb) hvi gi
AwfbZv wnmve myLvwZ wQj| KbMi wMq wwZ nb| mZwRr
ivqi Acyi msmvi Kb ci GKUv f~wgKvq Awfbq KiQb|
webv`cyii mxe cvji eo Qj cdzj Kzgvi cvji `vKvbUv wQj
gymwjg wMwb nvDmi mvgb gvoUvq| Zuvi QvU fvB wegj cvj
weGmwm wUPvi wQjb Mvqvj` nvB zji| Aviv wQjb GKmgqi
100 |

wgwjUvix Wvvi Mbk emZb cvU evRvi| wgwjUvix cZvMZ miKvix

nvmcvZvj wQjb Captain nvmb whwb Lye `Z jq K_v ejZb|
Captain kvnveyxb Wvvi I hy diZ hv nvmcvZvji Wvvi |
Abvb huviv Gvjvcvw_K wPwKrmK wQjb Wvvi gvLb jvj mvnv
wWMxavix bv njI nvZhk wQj Avi AgvwqK evenvii Rb Mixe
iMx`i gvS Rbwcq wQjb| wZwb mgq Amgq me`vB iMxi WvK
mvov w`Zb| Ibvi fvB fevbx ki mvnv gyjZt Wvvi wQjb Zuvi
AvM| Ab GK fvB cv eid Kji gvbRvi wQjb| Avi wZwb
BsivRxZ GKRb cwZ evwZ ejv hvq| Gi ci Gjb mvBKj
gKvi Kvby VvKzii Ni iji PvKix _K Aemi wbq Wvvi
mvg`vbx| GUv AbK cii K_v| Aviv wQjb Wvvi nvmb,
Wvvi K`vi bv_, Wvvi kZxl P` Wvvi Dc`bv_ `vm whwb x
ivMi wPwKrmK| Avi wQjb mvov RvMvbv nvwgI cvw_
J.N.Guha B.A. LLB ZrKvj Zuvi wfwRU wbavwiZ 20/= UvKv|
KjKvZvi AvBb eemv cwiZvM Ki nvwgIcv_x wPwKrmvq i
Kib| (evoxUv KjR cvovi bRij MvW mvnei) wZwb fviZi
BwZnvm LvZ mivwRbx bvBWyi gvgv mwKZ wQjb| mivwRbx bvBWy
ivRevoxZI GmQb gvgv evoxZ| wZwb AZ my`ix wQjb| Avi
Hector Bolitho i jLv Oxford cm _K QvcvI cKvwkZ
wRbvi Rxebx Mi 27 cvZvq wjwLZ AvQ mivRbx bvBoy wRbvi
cg cowQjb| mvov bv cq ev_v fiv `q KweZv wjLjb|
In the noontide hours
O Love, secure and storng
I need thee not.....
But in the desolate hour of midnight,
When as ecstasy of starry silance sleep
On the still monuntains
And the soundless deeps,
And my soul hunger for thy voice.
nvwgI cv_ Wvvi Aviv wQjb RxZ` bv_ wms KgiW mgi wms
Gi fvB| Avi Wvvi wcq Mvcvj ivq|
101 |

nvwKwg wPwKrmvq iZ wQjb Pibvivqb cyii Avey bvmi gvnv`

Avjx Lvub| Zuvi cwievi GKivZ `yhvM bg Avm| Kjivq 4 Rb
m`m gvivhvb nwKg mvne mn| x Dbv` nq ij KvUv co
gZzeib Kib| Zvui GK cy gvt byi gvdv gqgbwmsn _K
RvgvZ Djv cvk Ki Mvqvj` nvB zji gjfx mvi wQjb|
nwKg mvne emZb gqR Dxb gj mvnei RvqMvq|
KweivR wQjb AbK Zba KweivR cdzj Kzgvi flRiZ , Mvcvj
P` `vm I hvMx` bv_ miKvi cavb, klv `yRbi ga
wKic nvmKi chvqi Zvi mim ebbv Avgvi mvi jvK bv_
fvPvhi wZK_vq Avjv`v GKUv cwiQ`i mvivsk GicivRevoxi `yB KweivRi ga UvM
Ae Iqvi Mvcvj P` `vm ebvg hvMx` bv_ miKvi| ewikvj
Rjvi Mjv Mvg _K Gjb MvcvjP` `vm KweivRx Kivi
Dk wbq| wQwjgcyii `vm Rwg`vi evey`i mv_ Avgvi Lye
`Zv wQj| Mvcvji evox Kivi Rb Rwg wbq w`jvg Zvu`i KvQ
_K| Mvcvj msZ bv njI Avhye`xq Jla cZ cYvjx fvjB
AvqZ KiwQjb, Zvui eenviI Lye AgvwqK Zib 2/4 eQii
ga cmviI Rg DVjv, Gi 4/5 eQi ci Gjb XvKv _K Avi
GKRb KweivR hvMx` bv_ miKvi WvB AvBm dvixi wekvj GjvKv
Ryo Zuvi evoxUv| XvKvi GK bgvj zji nW cwZ wQjb|
Avhye` kv i Ki KweivRx Avi Kib| ZLb Mvcvj KweivRi
Lye bvg| fvRb, cvvi, abx gnvRb cwievii wPwKrmv Kib|
AvqI fvj| wKQyw`b ci hvMxb KweivR hvb cvjKx Po iMx evox|
Mvcvji cvxZv wQjB Gevi aij Nvov ivM| wKbjb Nvov,
ivLjb mwnm| mymwZ Nvovq Po hvb iMx `LZ| BwZga
hvMx` KweivRI cmvi Rwgq djQb| wZwb GK wkwZ Z`ycwi
Mxi, evPvjZv bvB| dwi`cyii RMey cfyi cavb wkl| GRb
Aviv Zuvi bvg WvK Qwoq cojv| `yB KweivRi cvjv PjZ jvMjv
ixwZgZ| RjKii bvqe Kvjx Kzgvi `vm Mvcvji cwZcw mn
KiZ cviZb bv, hw`I `yRbB ewikvji gvbyl|
102 |

AvvLvbvq Kvjx evey jvK mviK ejb gvvi gkvB Avgv`i

msNi bvg Ki Mvcvji KvQ _K `kUv UvKv AvbZ cvib?
msNi bvg Kb Kvq`vq dj 50/= UvKvI AvbZ cvwi| Mvcvji
KvQ wMq mvi Mxi gyL ejb, KweivR, hvMbi Zv BbKvg
Uv nq Mj, Zvgvi njv bv, GZ cgvb nq Zvgvi Pq
hvMbi Avq ekx| welqUv ivMx gnj RvbvRvwb nj Zvgvi wKQy
Amyweavi K_v|
Mvcvj mvii nvZ Pc ai Abybqi myi ejjb, hvb gvvi gkvB
GLwb eev Kib hvZ Ii Pq Avgvi Uv AZ 5/= UvKv ekx
nq| Zvnj `vI wKQy, I`i nvZ wKQy uR bv w`jZv cvvB `e
bv| AvcvZZ `k UvKv `vI| Mvcvj Zrbvr 10/= UvKv w`q
ejjb, UvKvi Rb wPv Kieb bv `Leb KvRUv hb nq| Avcwb
Qvov wec` KBev mvnvh Kivi AvQ GLvb| jvK mvi UvKvUv
Kvjx eveyi nvZ Gb `b| Mvcvji 10/= UvKv MPv Mj GZB
Kvjx eveyi Avb`|
ivRvi evev Wvvi Avyi ingvb mvnei wWmcbmvixZ me`vB eq
iRb`i mgvek| AvjvP welq ekxi fvM be ivRbxwZK`i
gyycvZ| Avovj _K Avgiv m me K_v AweKj wbR`i Avvq
cwiekb Ki gRv KiZvg| ILvb Avjevjvq Kv PjZv| Mdzi
gvjv mvnei gyLUv wKwr euvKv KjK _K wewo aivZ wMq
dyuw`Qb eU wK evZvm euK hvQ wewo Avi ai bv| Gi gvSI
wZwb AvIqvgx `vl LuyR cvb| GgbZiv KZ wK|
Gi ci miKvix PvKyix _K Aemi wbq Gjb Wvvi AvRvnvi
Dvwb Avn`| wekvj evoxUv wQj evbx mvbvji| mvgb SvDMvQ
m`vB kuv kuv k Zzj fq aivZv gb| kxZ M QvZv Avi bvK
igvj| wZwb gZzi AvM GKUv `vZe wPwKrmvjq cwZv Ki hvb
hvi eqfvi Zvi mw _KB ewqZ nq|
Wvvi Rwjjyi ingvb fvRb Pvjvi| wbt^v_ Kvvix AvIqvgxjxMi|
whwb GB ivRbxwZZ Rwoq LM F KvmUvI mgv KiZ cvibwb|
wPwKrmvq nvZhk wQj wK gb emvZ cvibwb| wZwb Avi ev`kv
Payixi ZvMi wewbgqB AvRKi AvIqvgx jxMi RbwcqZvi i|
103 |

cvskvi weLvZ KvRx eski mvb Wvvi G.K.Gg. AvmRv`,

GgweweGm, ivRevox Gm KvRx nv`vhZ nvmbi ejq f
wbRi cvavb cwZv KiZ wMq wPwKrmv mevi Pq ivRbxwZZ
Rwoq cob| wewfb msMVb Mo Zzj hyemgvR GKUv Avjvob
Zvjb| iwRxKZ Kve MVb Ki miKvi _K evwlK `k nvRvi
UvKv Aby`vb wbavwiZ Ki Ljvayjvq cvbmvi KiQb| Kvei
m`m`i w`q ivv Zwi KwiqQb|
So Svq ^QvmeK `j wbq GwMq MQb| wPwKrmK wnmve wZwb
AekB Abb wQjb wK H GK ivMB ZuviI efe Avmwb| Pbv
Rvbv wdm w`Z Mj ixwZgZ iM hZb| Avqye Lvbi ZgNvB
L`gZ LZve cqQb| Avevi nuv, bv fvU bv fvU w`qQb|
LZveI cZvLvb KiQb GKmgq| gywhy c_g _KB Ask
wbqQb Avi m ^xKwZ cqB miKvix ghv`v cq mgvwnZ
nqQb|
Wvvi Mvjvg gvvdv GgweweGm Gjb 70 `kK AakZvw aiv
aiv njI gb nq GB Zv mw`bi K_v| gywhy Zvi mnhvMxZvi
wek` wZwb Rvbvb bv| Ze Avgiv Rvwb nvmcvZvji miKvix Jla
wZwb gywhvv`i mieivn KiQb XvjvI fve|
Avgv`i kni bexb, cexb wPwKrmvi mv_ RwoZ meviB GKUv
mevg~jK gvbwmKZv wbq mgvR Ae`vb iLQb| efe Zuv`i
KviviB gyL Kvg wQj bv| mB wePvi Avgiv ivRevoxevmx mevB
fvMevb eU|

cvi Bwjk
cvq kZ kZ bKv gvQ aivq w`evivZ wbqvwRZ _vKZv | w`bi
Avjvq iO eiOi Zvwj hy cvj Zzj hgb b`xi m`h, ivZ
Zgwb b`xZ nvRvi nvRvi Kzcxi Avjvi cwZdjb| ivRevox knii
cvuPUv eid Kj w`b ivZ RvwgqI eidi RvMvb w`Z wngwkg LZ
| Zgb cwiwwZZ jeb w`q Kvbviv wUb fx Ki ivLv nZ|
104 |

jebiI NvUwZ nZv , gvwU Pvcv `Iqv Qvov ZLb Dcvq _vKZv bv|
Qj ejvq evRvi Kiv Avgvi wWDwUi AsM, gvQi KvbKv Dwq
jvj UKUK bv nj m RjUvi Wvjvi gvQ coB _vKZv| cU DPuy
wWg fwZ gvQ Lwi` Kiv gvi wbla wQj| eo mo 1Uv gvQi `vg `yB
_K wZb Avbv| KvjKvZvq Pvjvb hZ h gvQ Zvi Mvox fvov I
eid LiPv ev`I eVKLvbv gvKU Qq cqmv mi `i Bwjk wex
nZ| cvi MfxiZv ZLb KvbKvb Lvb 100_K 150 dzU| GUv
gvcv hZ Bwjk aiv Rvji `woi gvc _K| GUvi bvg wQj dzUvbxi
`wo| QvZv dzUvbvi _K GB ki Drcw, QvZv hgb Lvjv Avi
e Kiv nq Bwjk aivi RvjI Zgbx gyL Lvjv Avi e| Bwjk
KLbB Rji Dci fvm bv | gvwU AvuKo kvZi wecwoZ I`i
hZvqvZ | Wvvq Zzjj 2/3 wgwbUi ekx euvPbv| Bwjk aivi Rvj
AbKUv wSbyK AvKwZi , `yUv gyL duvK Ki wbPi Ask fvov eua
bvwgq fvwU gyLv bKv fm hZ hZ fZi gvQ XyKj m
Avjvob nvZi myZvq AbyfyZ nZv ZLb dzUvbxi `woUv Ub Rvj
Dci IVvZ nZv, wSbyKi gyLUv e nq hZ ZLb, fvwU _K
Avevi cvj Zzj DwRq hvIqv KvwqK kg Zgb jvMbv| h Kvib
nvj`vi kbx QvovI Avk cvki Mvg hyeKiv bKv wbq ewoq
coZv ivZ, Avv,M, Avq wZbUvB cvw , ciw`b avgv, Kjv cvZvq
mvwomvwo evRvi| icvi gZv PKPK is | `vg hvB cvKbv Kb
GUv Dcwi Avq ejB Muvhi gvbyliv jvf jvKmvb wePvi KiZv bv|
gvQi AcPq ejI fveZv bv| BwjkZv Mixei Lv` ejv hvq|
Zj jvMbv mewRI bv nj Pj, ay njy` KuvPv gwiPi Svj gvUv
AvDmi jvj Pvji fvZ gL hviv bKvq LqQ AvRI Zviv
fyjZ cviwb m ^v`|
Avi ZvBZv jvKbv_ mvi mvov yji AwfZvq Rb agevj^x
B`Puv` hLb wRvmv Kib AvQv nvcbviv gQwj Lvb Kbv ?
Reve ejZ ciQb Avcbv`i `yfvM, gvovevi `ki wbP w`q
cv cevwnZ nq bvB, nBj wK nBZ ejv hvqbv | gvQe`i m~ ai
Mvqvj` wekvj evRvi, wewfb evemvqx Zuv`i cwZvbi KvR
wbqvwRZ kZ kZ Kzjx, Zv`i cwievi | xgvi NvUi Kzjxiv
105 |

bvivqbM, Pvu`cyi _K AvMZ xgvi NvU fovi AvMB mvwie

fve em _vKZv, Lvwj nvZi cvmvi bg Mj ogyo Ki Iiv
xgvi wMq evSv Iqvjv cvmvi cvKovI KiZv| Gmgq kLjv
ivi Rb I`i m`vi ePvj Kzjx`i Qwo w`q hh AvNvZ
KiZv| evZ cZji b^i jLv PvKwZi b^i `L gvjvgvj w`q
w`b | Kvb ZQici Avkv bB | ij MvoxZ gvj Ges Avcbvi
RvqMv iL Acvq _vKe| Avevi KjKvZv _K AvMZ Ub XvKv
gj, wPUvMvs gji hvx`i xgvii WK RvqMv Ki gvjgvj
mvwRq Acvq _vKZv| Rvo Ryjyg bq mvgvb eKwkk cjB
m |
Avmvg Aji gvjvgvj Pvjvbi xgvi jv ZLb Mvqvj`
nqB hZ , mvZi cejZvq DwRq hvIqv AbK mgqB enZ nZ|
ZLb RvnvRjv GLvbB Acv KiZv| 1869 mvj dwi`cyii
KvjKUi wicvU wjL hvb h Qq Lvbv xgvi cv hgybvii mshvM
f` Ki AMmi nZ bv cvovq Mvqvj` bi Ki _vKZ eva nq
| GZ evSv hvq iji AvMgbi (1871) cye _KB Mvqvj`
b`x e`i wnmve cwZwZ nqwQj |
Rj mc`vq wewfb AvKvi I bvgi Rvj evenvi KiZv|
Avi Zvi LvRbvi nviI wewfb wQj| mvov exR _K Pvu`cyi ch
ZIZvi ivRv Ges cvebvi Rwg`vi mvl Kzgvi mvbvj Gi AvIZv
fy| Gbviv Avvm wgqvi `v`vi bvg wcZji cvZ `yB Avbv AvU
cvB evcvix kwiK wnmve wjL `b| hvi ej hLb cyecvwKvb
Rwg`vix c_v wejy nq ZrKvj jvnvi Avvm wgqv c ivq cvb|
hw`I ciex Kvj miKvi _K wZwb wZcyib cvb bvB| Ze 1970
`kKI KgPvix viv wZwb LvRbv Av`vq KiQb|
LvRbvi nvi 1947 mvji AvM eZi wnmve bIqv nZv
vqx nvj`vi mc`vqi KvQ _K| Avqx grm wkKvix wfb nvi
w`Z, nvj`vi mc`vq cl gvm gvQ aiZv bv| elv eZi Avlvp,
kveb Ges fv` | Avwkb eZi Avwkb, KvwZK I AMnvqb| PvZ
eZi i nZv t- gvN, dvb. P, ekvL I R| LvRbvi nvi
PvZ eZi eo ev Qvw` Kvbv Rvji 1 Rvj cwZ 1UvKv| Abvb
106 |

eZi 2Rvj 1UvKv 10 Avbv wnmve| Avwkb eZi mvaiYZt cvZb

euva, eo Lov I eywURvj eeZ nZv| Abvb mgq mvsj evDjx,
Uzbx eo, RMZeo, Qvw`Rvj Ges KvbvRvj w`q gQ aiv nZv|
cvvk gvQi SuvK AvUK ivLvi Rb kZ kZ gb Pvj ev mn b`xZ
Wyweq `Iqv nZv | Lvevii jvf cvvk gvQ SuvK ai mB
GjvKvZB _K hZv| cqvRb gZv mgq Ijv aiv nZv evi
evi | gnvRbi M`x Nii mvgb cxKZ cvvki cvnvo|
Icvi me Avovj co hZ| iB, KvZji AvKvi IRb
Awekvm| jvK mvii gqi weqZ Rjvi bvqi, `ogb
IRbi `yBUv iB I AvwkUv eo Bwjk eihvx`i Avcvqbi Rb
Dcnvi cvwVqwQjb|
Bwjk mvMii gvQ| wWg QvoZ DwRq Pj Avm SuvK
SuvK| mB mv_ AvmZv kK, wWMevRx Lq kvm wbq avIqv
KiZv gvQ`i wcQy wcQy| cvi kvZi cLiZv ^P GKw`b `wLwkKj w`q euvav RvnvR eo KUv MvQ wkKo mn Dco gvS b`xZ
wQUK Mj|
cvo fvvi mgq KZjvK Zwjq hvq| GKevi RvnvR KvZ
nq ejvK b`xZ wQUK co, gv kl gyn~Z Kvji evPvwUK
cwiZvM KiI euvPZ cviwb G Avgvi ^P `Lv|

cLg hyMi Kvgiv

ij kbi cvk duvKv PiUvq wei gvbyl fxo Ki
`uvwoq | KbyDqi duvK Mj XyK Mjvg| Uzji Dci k nq em
AvQ GKRb, xi cjKnxb| gyLvgwL GKUv ev Kvjv Kvco
`ni AaKUv gywo w`q GKRb gwo Lq iqQ| GKmgq Ngv
`n mv`v Kvjv Qvcgviv KvMR nvZ ewoh Gjv jvKUv Kvjv
107 |

Kvcoi fZi _K| IUv h wK wKQyB evSv Mjbv ay mv`v Kvjv

Qvc Qvov| IUvi Dci AvuwKeywK Ki evUvi mvgb AvUK, gv_vUv
Avevi A`k njv Kvjv KvcoUvq | cwZvi cvjv GKmgq kl
njv gv_vUv GeviI GKUv KvMR nvZ eij| cwivi `Lv hvQ
wmUK ai Uzj em _vKv jvKUvBZv AweKj| wcQb DovRvnvR
DPz `vjvbi mvwoi Dci w`h Do hvQ| Sibv eBQ cvki
cvnvoUvq| Qwe Zvjvi c_g ^ci exR Gw`b _K| 1950 mvj
XvKvq KODAK ev Kvgiv hUvi KuvPi Dci cwZQwe `L
evZvg wUcjB 120 mjyjqWi Film G Nagative Avi Studio
Z print Kwih Qwe Zvjv mnR nq Mj| nvZ cvKZ jvMjvg
evb`i yj picnic G Avi eywo Mvq GK Avbv NUvq wWw fvov
Ki|
evwZKUv Avgvq Ggb cq em h LyeB K wm cuvPk
UvKv w`q 1956 mvjGKUv Yeasica-D wKb dwj| mUvi evZvg
wUc w`jB Qwe nq bv| KivgwZ jvM | dvKvm wVK KiZ nq j
Av wcQy Ki, sutter speed Avi GvcviPvi wQ`Uvi mwVK gvc
QvovI film Gi Mvq h Avjvi mse`bkxj cjc _vK ZviI
mvgmZv weePbvq bv Avbj Qwe cvY cvebv| GZv me wkLev
Kv_vh ivRevoxZZv Iv` bvB | evsjv Kvb eBI cvIqv Mj bv|
Qwe fiv BsivRxi eBUv eva nqB AbK `vg w`q wKbZ njv|
GKQwe wewfb Avjvq , Avi IB sutter speed GvcviPvi
wVK Ki note KiZ jvMjvg| ivRevox studio nqwb| Faridpur
_K print Ki Gb Rersult `L eySZ wkLjvg| GZ mgq
Avi A_i AcPq | eBUv Abymib Ki print, Develop wkLjvg
eU wK Enlarger wKbZ cvijvg bv| nvZ evbvbvi Pv KiI
kl KiZ cvwiwb|
gvbyli cwZKwZi Pq bmMxK Qwe ZzjZB Avgvi cQ`|
GKUv mvavib jZvI wekl AvxK Kgb gyZ nq IV Avgvi
Gw`KUvqB gbi mvQ`| ek wQjvg GUv wbq |
108 |

Avgv`i Gang of fortyi wmwbqi m`m Pzby m` weh

Ki Honeymoon G hve | Camera Uv wPUvMvs G nvwiq dj|
m ZLb Nvovkvj power plant Gi project Director Avi Kb
ciex Kvji gx Rvnvbviv eMg| Zv AvgvK IUvi e`j wKb w`j
Minolta SRI. Rvcvb ZLb SLR camera m` evRvi QoQ|
Zv mUvI Avgvi QvUfvB Karachi dj Gjv cvwjq Avmvi
mgq|
ezei kL KvBqyg (eez eski mvb) hvi AvZv cyiv
eyKUvq aibv ejB mevB Rvwb| m Dcnvi w`jv `yUv GKmv_ |
hvi GKUvI AvR Avi mwq bB|
nv, Avgvi Qwei fvvi AekB wekvj wQj| wKQy hvi hUv
gb aiQ wbqQ | wKQy 1971 mvj evoxi mv_ QvB nq|
Avgvi Zvjv Qwei evv wQjb Kzgvik Pex, evPz gvvi,
BhvKze nvmb| Dc`k, mgvjvPbv Avi Drmvn w`qQb| Qwei bvg
KibI AbK Ki w`q Avgvq KZZvq euaQb|
Ze ivRevoxZ Kvgiv evenvii KwZZ AvwgB c_g, `vex
KiZ cvwi bv, GgbwK ZZxqI bB| Avw`Kvji ev Kvgivi
c_g evemvqxK wfwIZ evenvi Kib Ab Pexi VvKzi`vi QvU
fvB jvj wenvix PeZx| whwb fvB _K c_K nq evsjv cvUvbi
evox Ki evm KiZb eZgvb Stadium GjvKvq Avi mvi ci
gvZvj nh fvBqi Dk BsivRxZ Mvwj w`Zb Kvb Avyj `evi
gZv Ki (evoxUvi eZgvb gvwjK DwKj Avt IqvR` Uy)| ZviB
mgmvgwqK wQjb fvRbPvjvi bib wg| jvj wenvixi ci Zuvi cy
bxj wenvix Pex Avi Zvici Ag~j cvj| LvZbvgv jLK cwigj
Mv^vgx wZwbI fevbxcyii evwm`v Avi Photographer wQjb|
Guiv mKjB evoxZB studio Z KvR KiZb| Pibvivqb cyii
wmivR wgqv iji Icvi ejvKv studio cwZv Kij mnR nq hvq
Qwe Zvjv| GLb colourlabI cwZv cqQ| Ze Avgvi mgh
XvKvqI iwOb Qwe Zvjvi evev wQj bv| Film cvIqv hZ Ze
Prnit Ki KivPx _K ZvivB Gb w`Zb | AvRZv filmB
109 |

jvMbv| bvB Sutter Speed Avi Aperture Gi evjvB| mw`b

Avi AvR KZ Aw`b KZ wekvj cwieb |

c`eR wekgY
Qj ejv _KB Avgvbyjv Avi Avwg me KvR AKvR
GK _vKZvg| ci RyUjv kvw `vm| PvwiwK ewk Abyhvqx Avwg
gvb&K njvg, Avgvbyjv Kvejv Avi kvw nj fRv G bvgB ciiK
m^vab KiZvg| hZ`yyi gb Avm Kvm dvBfi Qv Avgiv, Mxi
QywU PjQ| ivR `ycyi LvIqv `vIqv mi Kvejv Avi Avwg I`i
GKUv MvQ Po eB co bv nq M Ki KvUvB weKj bv nIqv ch
| Gmgq igvbv_ wekvm Gi jLv c`eR wek gb bvg GKUv eB
co AvgivI Dy njvg wek gb eiZ| Avgvi hyw AKvU |
Rbvjvg GB RMZ A_P cvnvo `wL bvB, mvMi `wL bvB, gif~wg
`wL bvB| ZvQvov we`k eovj APbv e`yBb ivI mvnvhi nvZ
evwoq `q mZv eBUvZB cgvb AvQ, wek `Lvi AvM wbR`i
`kUvZv `Lv `iKvi| ^`kxi mv_ `Lv nj hw` wRvmv Ki
gvBRw` wPbb wbwn? wK Reve `e| mevM wbR `k `wL| gvc
Lyj meUv Pi `evi mnRZg c_i QKI Zix nj| ay wfvewi
Dci wbfi bv Ki wbR^ GKUv dv _vKv DwPr | Avwg fe wP
cvI ei Ki djvg | evoxi wKQy wKQy wRwbm Pzwi Ki UvKv
RvMvo KiZ ne| fvovi Ni Kivwmb Zji wUb fwZ, `yPvi
evZj Pzwi Kij aiv covi fq bB| gvqi ivbvi mgq wcVi Dci
Mjv eo w`q `vj LZ LZ AvuPj Lyj wKQy wKQy wbZI kyi Ki
w`jvg| Kvejv c_g w`bB cZji e`bv Pzwi KiQ| K_v wQj `vgx
wKQy movj KqKw`b jywKq ivLev LuvRvLuywR Ki bv cq fyj
Mj IUv wew ne| Kvejv mw`bB MQ e`bv ePZ evRvi|
`vKvb`vi wRvmv Kivq ejQ evoxZ Pvj bvB gv GUv eP Pvj
wKbZ cvwVqQ| `vKvb`vi Pbv gvbyl | Ii evcK Lei w`q
110 |

wRvmv KiQ Avcbvi evoxZ bvwK Pvj bB Qj w`h e`bv ePZ

cvwVqQb| (AvRKi `vKvbx nj jvfi K_vB fveZv | bvnj
eovi UzKiv wUb mvBKji Nvi evwU GZv h Lvqv hvq Kb
Kviv?) hnvK Avwg evox wQjvg bv wdi Gm bZ cvwQ Ii Kvbv
Avi wcUzbxi mv_ Ii evci ZRb MRb| mi civi AvMB aiv
Ljvg| fvj gvbyli gZv gyL KiI invB cjvg bv| GUv h
AvgviB civgk Zv duvm Ki w`qQ| cwiYvg GKB| c`eR wek
gYi msKi GLvb AcgZz| Ggb Ziv DU fvebv Avgvi
gv_vq cvqB Pi w`Z | evPviv mevB Avgiv Pvv PvjvZvg| eyw
w`jvg knii Awj MwjZ Zv AbK Pvjvjvg| Pj Gevi PvjvZ
PvjvZ dwi`cyi hve| mvMi`ivI mevB GKgZ| Lvqvi ivv Mi
Avi gli Mvwoi PvKvq Z weZ| Lye me Avjvw`cyi gvo wbqI
gvBj LvbK MwQ| cv Avi Pjbv| Avevi wdiwZ c_ gvo Nyi
Avmvi Pq mvRv mywR c_ aij nqZ c_ AbK Kg hve| GZv
mnR hyw Avgvi | bvgv mevB gvVi Avj ai wKQyUv GmB wekvj
GK weji cvo| wej Nyi hvevi c_ bvB divi I kw bvB| `vI
muvZvi| kvcjvi dji wewP cU cyi Lq cvo hLb Gjvg mUvb
q cowQ mevB| weKj cvi nq| UjZ UjZ jvKv mWi
Mvivb IVvi myhvM cjvg| avivjv Nvmi AvNvZ cv Z weZ
| evoxZ LuvRvLyuwR KvbvKvwU | Pig avjvB nj fvZ cvevi AvMB|
evev KjKvZvq , Avgvi w`b KvU eb ev`vo Mve Avi cqviv MvQ|

QvcvLvbv
QvcvLvbv, jvBeix, Jlai `vKvb AvMi w`b Ggb eemvi
mv_ RwoZ Zuviv mevB mvgvwRK ghv`v Ges wkvq DbZ wQjb|
we`Rbiv Gme `vKvbB Avvq emZb | PjZv AbK ivZ
Aewa|
111 |

wbib cm m`i ivvq. gwkbi wewP AvIqvR PvL Uvb, cvWj

Kij PvKv Nvi, `yBUv ivjvi Ai jvi Dci Kvwj eywjq hvq|
eyov gvbylUv GK nvZ KvMR emvQ Ab nvZ Qvcv KvMR ei
KiQ Zvj Zvj| GB eywS Pvcv Lvq nvZUv , hZB DrKvq wknwiZ
nB eyov mgq gZvB KvMRUv ei KiZ ciQ|
ivRevox cmUvq XvKvi mvnm nqwb | IUv GKUz Avovj ,bwQ
gvwjK wQjb Kvjy gRyg`vi , whwb Abykxjb `ji m`m| ij
kbi avi evbx cm hLvb _K ^ivR `ji gyLcv KvMR ei
nZv, ci Gjb eivUi ev`kv Payix, Avgv`i cm c_g i nq
Wvt Rwjji evmvq| jvBeixUv mgi wms PZi| ev`kv fvBqi Szwj
fwZ KZzK| Ibvi Rxebi mv_KZv RvwZi wcZv kL gwRei
ingvbi wekvj mfvq Rjv AvI qvgx jxMi mfvcwZ wnmve wZwbB
IB mfvi mfvcwZZ Kib|

wekhy, `ywf, cvwKvb cwZv

fvlv Av`jb, ^vaxbZv hy
ij jvBbi mgvivj c_Uvi aviB Avgv`i evoxUv| Ubi
hvx B `Lv hvh| wekhy i nq MQ| evgvdU AvRv` wn`
dR Avi Rvcvbx wg evwnbx Mviv`i KvYVvmv KiQ| ivRB
GKUv `yUv mb evSvB Mvox evgvi c_ hZ| KvbUvq ayB jvj
gyLv KvbUvq Kvjv bxMv| bxMvjv Rvcvbx Mvjvi LvivK nevi
RbB meZt Kbbv I`i AvPvi AvPiY `L gb nZv bv e`yK
Pvjbv `~i _vK ev Kvb ^vfvweK vb eyyw AvQ| jvj gyLv
cwiPvjK Wvv w`q e`g cnvi Ki kLjv eRvq ivLvi Pv
KiZv| Zv mI KLbI Pj Mvox _K jwdq coZv bqZv iv
vi cvki Wve MvQ eyU cvq DVvi Pv KiZv| jvjgyLviv c_ cvk
evPv`i w`K weyUi cvKU wK^v Lvevii wUb Quyo w`Z|
112 |

ivRevox UvDb Kvei gvVUv GZ`Aji NuvwU| bZzb fwZ nIqv

m`m`i ivBdj Pvjbv wkvi eev Pvu`gvixi gvV (PZivi wej
gvSi wXweUvq) | w`b ivZ cUcU k| ci Avgiv wji wkkv
ILvb KywoqwQ| GLb Puv`gvixi gvVUvB weZ nq MQ (GK mgq
WvKvZ, Rj`my`i AvvLvbv wQj GjvKvUv)| ivvi cvk Ui
MZ me| gvqi KvQ b b BsiRi civRq Avi myfvli ivRv
nIqv Mu_ MQ gb|
Rvcvbx wegvbjv `j eua KjKvZvq evgv djZ hZ| gb gb
fveZvg gviK evUv`i| wLw`icyi evgvq ek wZ nqQ evevi
KvQ _K bjvg|
GKw`b weKj GKUv ewUk cb iji gvV Gm cojv|
AvnZ cvBjU hvMk Wvvii wPwKrmvq kl gk euP Mj| hy
kl mbevnx Mvox diZ GmQ AbK Kg| Kvjv`i wdiZ
`LwQ gb co bv| meZt I`i Rvcvbx`i e`yKi LvivK
evwbq Giv cvjvjv| evgvi fviZxqiv Lq bv Lq nvUv c_ `j
`j AvmZ jvMjv Avgv`iB evoxi mvgb w`q|
Mvqvj` ZLb jiLvbv Lvjv njv vbxq`i mnvqZvq| bZvg bv
LvIqv jvKjv MvMvm wLPzwi wMj ILvbB AbK Xj coZv|
gv-evev _K wewQb evPv`i `Lfvji Rb ivRevoxZ `yUv
GwZgLvbv cwZv njv|
vbxq `qv` gvbyl Gjv `Lfvj KiZb| GKUv Mvjm yji cye
Ckvb KzwUi, AbUv e`veb `vmi evox cavb ivvq| GUv AbKw`b
we`gvb wQj|
ij MUi cvk myib mvnv, weRq mvnvi `vKvb| `yB RbB myfvl
f| M`xi Dci myfvli Ave kZ cv_ii g~wZ| wK h fvj
jvMZv|
Gi ci aq Gjv 1350 mvji gnv`ywf| Avgvi gv hw`I ARcvov
Mvuqi gvbyl wK Ki Zvi avibv njv Rvwb bv Mvqi Mqbv euP 5
UvKv gbi Pvj Pwjk UvKv Ki wKb eo eo gvwUi gUKv fi gS
Luyo cuyZ ivLjv|
113 |

Abvnvix gvbyli Xj ivvq| KPz MvQI wbtkwlZ ivuavi mgq cvwb

ekx w`q dbUv wejvbv nZv| `iRvq wLj GuU fvZ LZvg|
`ywfi fqvenZv evSvi myhvM Avgv`i nqwb| evBi hvIqvI
evib wQj|
hy kl KjKvZv _K wkL Gjvg| nvZg wewo gyg cvb joK
j cvwKvb| 1947i cvwKvb NvlYv Avgiv wekvj cvw wnme
gnv Drmei mv_ cvjb Kijvg| gvo gvo MU `e`vi cvZvq
QvIqv| gymjgvb Avgiv wbR^ `k cjvg|
evevi PvKix XvKvq| wRbv mvnei wgwUs imKvm gq`vb Ibvi
NvlYv b evev ggvnZ Urdu, Urdu will be the state
language of Pakistan wgwUs ZvM Kib Aviv AbKi gZvB|
1952 mvj XvKvq West end high school class IX Qv Avwg|
Ze fvlv Av`vjb mwq Kvb f~wgKv Avgvi wQj bv| ay wgwQj
Ask bIqv Qvov| 21Gi ciw`bI XvKv DZ wQj Zv mI ea
vbUv `LZ MwQ|
Avqx wgbvi Zix nqwQj wKbv Rvwb bv Ze Qwoq wQwUq AbK BU
co _vKZ `wL| meZt ii `vMI|
ciw`b zj _KB wgwQj ei nq| wiv PjvPj e Ki `B Avgiv
GUzKz gb co|
Avgv`i gnjvi gwgb fvB KjRi Qv| Zvi covi Uwej jLv
IB mgqB `LwQ- BwZnvm wjL ivL iv 21k devqvix|
cieZxKvj mwZ 21k deqvix BwZnvm njv mvai cvwKvb
c_g iv wZ wbq|
1971 mvji ^vaxbZvi Rb hy| mw`b Avgiv ivRevoxevmx mKjB
Dbv` nq MwQjvg| AvaywbK gvibv mwZ GKUv evwnbxi wei
nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl KD aygv miwK ejg KD ev PvKz wbq
Mvqvj` MwQ cvKmbv`i cvo bvgZ `e bv cwZv wbq GLbI
fveZ Mj wknwiZ nB mw`b Iiv bvgj wbi KZ gvbyliB bv
`n fyjywZ nZv|
21k Gwcj Gi ci KLb Kv_vq Kgb Ki w`b MQ, mUv Rxeb
gZyi KZ KvQvKvwQ, ejv hvq bv| x-cy QvovI gv-evev, cjvZK
114 |

fvBevb, Avgiv cuvP cyil msLq 40 Rb| m Aavq evjvi me

cwievii GKB|
nvwZi gZy I mrKvi
ng`gcyi cwZ esk Rwg`vi | nvZx Po hvZvqvZ KiZb |
ivRevoxi c_ gvli Mvoxi PvKvq ZweZ, eZgvb T&T Office
Gi mvgb nvwZUv wcQj co Ges gviv hvq | gZ nvwZUvK my`~i
ng`gcyi bevi Kvb myivnv Kiv hvqbv| meI wQj bv| IUvK
ILvbB gvwUPvcv `evi wmv bIqv nq| wK Rwg`vi Zvi ivRvK
(nvwZUvi bvg) Abi RwgZ Pvcv w`Z bvivR| cvkeZx Rwg`vi
kxk PeZx g~j bv wbq Rwg w`Z PvBjI beb bv| e `b
`ievii ci c_ cvk bvggv g~j Rwg`vi kxk PeZx wKQyUv
RvqMv `b| Ges mLvbB ivRvK gvwU Pvcv `Iqv nq|
wewoi KvwiKi
mncvwV evmy AvgvK UvbZ UvbZ wbq Mj nvUi gvS |
Mvj nq wNi Av&Q AbK jvK| nvigvwbqvg Mjvq Szwjq MvBQ
GKRb, GbwQ fvB gnvexi wewo LZ fyj bv| Avi gvSi duvKvUvq
Avgv`iB mncvwV myib kvwo co KvRj gL bvPQ gvRv `ywjq
`ywjq | avgv fx wewo _K gyVv gyVv nwijyU wQUvQ GKRb Avi
ygwo Lq coQ nvUziiv | GZv cPv mI wK gnvexi wewo,
gvvi gvjvi wewo, mvnvi wewo Lvik` Avi kZxli wewoi eyn
f` KiZ cvijv bv| G`i wewoi bvwK ^v`B Avjv`v|
fiZi Uy cvZv Avi iscyii ZvgvK, ZvB w`qB Zv mevB
evbvQ, Ze ? Gi enm bvwK h gvvi Zvc wewo mvKv nq
Zvi Dci wbfikxj | ayw Mvg AbK AvM _KB mg Avi Nb
emwZcyY | wmwjgcyi cvi fvb wejxb nq Mj Rb msLv ew
115 |

cq emwZ Aviv weZZ nq| evwm`v`i ewk ciii

GKZveZv , Wvb wcU wKQy hyeK wQjbv Zv bq | Ze aywi evwm`v
bj ekx NvUvZ mvnm KiZv bv KD|
Avgv`i evRvii K` j gvovqvix cv| eemvqx GB
Mvx QvKvi GLvb evm KiZv fZi evoxZ cwievi Avi evBi
eemv K` w`q| eemvi A wnmve PvDj KuvKo wgkvZ eva bv,
wK mKvj KvK bv LvBh cvZtivk Kie bv| Rb ag gZ AvZviv
KvKi ic ai cw_exZ Nvib , KvKK LZ w`j Zv`i AvZv
kvw cvq ; c~b nq | wekvj eUMvQUvq ZvB KvK`i fxo jMB
_vKZv | I`i Aviv GKUv Avvbv wQj cv eid Kji eU MvQUv|
wkKo evKo cuwPq mvc Lvci Avvbv|
GKw`b fvi ejv `Lv Mj GB MvQUv KvK Qq MQ , Aviv
AvmQ Kv_v Kv_v _K| wekvj RgvhZ | gvS gvS GKUz AvaUz
bo mo emQ eU wK hv evqm Kzji ^fve wei KD k KiQ
bv| GKUv duvKv Wvj NvouR em AvQ GKvKx GKRb Avi wVK
Zvi wbPB co AvQ gZ GKUv Qvbv gvwUZ | GKmgq mvivUv MvQ
KvK fi Mj| KD ekx Mv PzjKvjv bv VvU w`q | wKQy
msKZi AvfvmI cvIqv Mjbv|
gv_v nU Ki em _vKv KvKUvi gv_vq VvKi w`q wdi hZ
_vKjv GK GK | IUv Kvb cwZivaI KiQbv| bxieB mq
hvQ| GiKgUv PjZB _vKjv| GKmgq KvKUv Wvj AvuKo _vKvi
mvg_ nvwiq UjZ UjZ co Mj| mLvbI m wbvi cjbv|
GKmgq wb_i nq Mj Zvi `nUv| Zv GB KvK Avgv`i GLvbi
PjwZ fvlvq KvBq| mvavibZ t PjwZ fvlvq g~j K_vi weKwZ icB
ekx _vK| mRb Avgv`i Pi Kivbkb gyL gyL Pi Kbv mvbv
nqQ| gyiMxi dvg m` nq hvQ gyiMwi dvivg| Avgv`i gyL
KvBh kl gl Kuvq Avi gvovqvix cwUvI nq Mj Kuvq cw|
knii GKgv wZj eoxUvI GLvb | hvi gvwjK wQjb ivgw`qvi
bIqvcvov Mvgi evwm`v| fviZ fvM njPj hvb Avi bexc wZ
nqQb| hUvq Kvejx Iqvjviv my`i evemvi NvwU Kij Kvejx
wews wnmve wbw bv nIqv ch bvgUv envj _vK| RivRxY GUvi
116 |

Dci Zjvq hLb mxZ we`vjh HKZvb _K Zejvi agvag

AvIqvR AvmZv ZU _vKZvg am cojv eywS| KvVi wmwoUvi `y
GKUv avc Lm covh Dci DVZ mvKvmi gZv KmiZ KiZ
nZv| GZ`mI ILvb DVwQ GKevi hw`b ewikvj _K AvMZ
ibRb bvgi GKUv Lvb Qji envjv ev`b mvi AvqvRb nq |
LyeB DcfvM nqwQj `yNUvi mB mvUv| gvovqvox mc`vqi
Avi GK weklZt `Iqvjxi ivZ Ryqv Ljv| RZvi Rb bq, ni
hvevi cwZhvMxZv| h hZ nvie AvMvgxw`b Zvi mfvMi vi ZZ
Dby| mevB nviZ Pvq| wbR mc`vhi gaB mxgve GB
Lvjvq Ask wbZ cwievii Qj, gq, eyov evPv mevB|
hvM` bv_ AvMo Iqvjv wZbUv weivUvKwZi wmw hvuo Gb Qo
w`jb agi bvg | gyjZt DbZ cRvwZi Mii esk ewi Dk
wbq | ivR wNq fvRv jyPx Avi jvy Lq Giv ewoq coZv M
Mivgi c_ ivRKxq Pvj c_i cvki jvDMvQ , kvKi evMvb
DRvi KiZ KiZ| evav cj ivZ wVK ILvbB Gm mvevo Ki
w`Z me| ayw Mvg ekwKQy jvDqi WMv Avi evMvb mvd nZ
_vKjv| AZx nq GKivZ I`i Mv`vUvK K ev Kviv Mvqe Ki
w`j| i gvsm Kvb wP cvIqv Mjbv| AvvZ nq iBj AvRv
mB bc_i bvqKiv| kni DRbv Qwoq cojv eU, Ze ayw
Mvgi bvg b R R dzm dzmi gaB Gi cwimgvw NU| ayw
Mvg _KB AvmZv AmsL wewoi KvwiKi hviv cvqkt hyev| Zvj
Zvj `yj `yj KvR Avi nvm imvZK gvZvbv cwiek| GK nvRvi
wewo euvaj gRyix GKUvKv | evowZ GB Avq cwievi h_ mnvqK|
Avq Avi Avvq AvK nq AbKB GUv ckv wnmve Mnb Ki|
mevB cvYe Avi Mvj Mi Szwo evSvB| weKj KvR kl
cwicvwU | Bw Kiv kvU hUv mB mvZ mKvj Sywjq ivLZv K |
Mjvq, Nvo cyi Ki jvMvbv cvDWvi| Kviv Kviv cKU KoKo
bZyb GK UvKv ev cvuP UvKvi bvUi wSwjK `Lv hvQ| IUvKvUv
`Lvbvi Rb| LiPi UvKv cvk cKU| `j ai wmbgvq | eqR
vwUs Gi Ljv _vKj mw`b `ycyii ci _K evRvi Lvwj |
KjKvZv _K weLvZ me Ljvqvo Gb GB Kve AbKevi ivRevox
117 |

gvwZqQ| cqviivI AvkvZxZ Avcvqb, A_ Avi L.M.T.PgPg

GK nuvwo Ki Dcnvi cq wdiZv, Avi AvMvgxZ Avmevi Rb
Anvbi Acvq _vKZv, GB eqR vwUs Kvei KYavi wQjb
KvRx n`vqZ nvmb Avcvgi Rb mvavibi wcq wnw` fvB | (eviv
i Zuvi welq ^Z fve wel` jLvi Avkv ivwL) wZwb ayw Mvgi
evwm`v nIqvh iqR Kvei mg_Ki msLv AbwZ| mg_K `i
Kve Abyhvqx ARvB gvVi vb wefx nq MQ| DIi cye w`KUvq
eqR| DIi cwg ijIq , `wb cwg KvbUvq R.S.K, `wb
cye w`KUv Goalubndo High school Avi Lvjcvoi ivvi
cyivUvB UvDb Kvei| mLvb _KI wbR `ji Ljvhvo `i
Drmvn c`vb Avi weci cwZ weic evKevb Quvov nZv Kvb
Avyj `evi gZv| Mvqvj` nvB zji GKUv e`fvm wQj Mvj
Lq kva `evi mvebv bv _vKj wcb w`q ej dzUv Ki `Iqv |
Ljv fyj| nviwRZi wmv KwgwUi | zji wec Mj
DIwRZ Qv`i mshZ ivLZv evPy gvvi, Gg,G, gvgb| Zvi
cfve Qv`i gvS mxgvnxb| mevP mvbRbK Aavq Zvi GB
wkKZvi mgq KvjUv| Mvb, AvewZ, Awfbq, Ljv GgbwK m
bvPZI cviZv dwi`cyi, Kzwqv, Lyjbv, wmjU, wPUvMvs , evRkvnx
KjR co Ges bv co GK mgq B.A cvk Ki hvq| gvvi nq
myaxRbi wch cv Avi Qv`i gbRq KiZ mg_ njv| gi Mj
ZvovZvwo Avwg Avi LvKv euP _vKZB|

Avgv`i eocyj
Mvj PiUvi cvk `uvwoqI GLb Avi Vvni Kiv hvqbv
`e`vi MvQUvi mwVK AevbUv, Avi wVK KvbLvbUv w`qB ev eq
hZ m~ZvMv, evM`xcvov, Avi dBiWvvi gvV fvwmq aq Avmv
cvi Rj| bv Ze meUv bq| fevbxcyii gvV Gm `yUv fvM nq
118 |

hZ| Zvi GKUv iji gvVi cvk w`q Wvbjc nji KvjfvU|
Avi eo AskUvB AvmZv eocyj| `yUv aviviB Me GK| PZivi
wej|
elvi evbfvmv w`b jvq wcwP, hyev mevi gjv em hZ
GB eocyj| `vcv`vwc, ovwo m `ycyi Mwoq hZ QzwUi w`b|
wVK cvoi DciB DPz GKUv `e`vi MvQ| gMWvj DV Suvwcq cov
eyKi cvUv jvM| Zv ZvI wQj ek KRbi| Avgiv hZvg DRvb
nwiZjvi AcvKZ wbPz eUMvQUvq| ILvb _K jvd w`q cvo
DVZ DVZ eocyj Gm hZ| gv_vi Pzj, m` MwRq IVv Muvdi
iLv Miqv iO Avi PvL nZv iRev|
eocyj ej gb nZv cvi QvU cyj I nqZv wQj| welqUv
Zgb bq| kni cyj GKUvB QvU eo wgwjq Avgv`i GB eocyj
meab bxjgwb| Avi Lvj bvjvi mshvM c_i wbP KvjfvU A_ev
KvVi cyj bqZv euvki muvKv| iji wQj KvVi cyj cuvPUv| GKUv
iji gvVi `wb cwg cv, GKUv eo ivv _K iji
cKkjxi Kvhvjq hZ, GKUv Mvqvj` nvB zji mvgb iji
gvV hZ GKUv gygi cQb w`q eo ivvq DVZ AbUv wbD
Kjvbxi cek gyL| Gi KvbvUvB gbvhvM AvKlb KiZ cviwb
eocyji gZv|
eocyj _K Kvb euvK bv wbq eo ivvUv mvRv Gm
VKQ ijMU Avi c_i cvki gvUv gvUv mb MvQi mvwi hvi
wo `yRbI eo cvIqv hZbv, I`iB GK hgR fvB evgb nq
wUK AvQ AvRv Dw`Pxi cvkUvq , avibv Kiv hvq c_i eqm AbK
AvMi Avi RvqMvUv emwZnxb wQj| cavb moK bq| eo ivv ejB
cwiwPwZ wQj GUvi| nZ cvi mRbB cyjUvi GB bvg|
AvRKi mePvBZ Kzjxb GjvKvUv hLb wQj emwZwenxb
ZLb KvRxKv`vi KvRxivB wQjb wkvq Avi AwfRvZ Dj| Avg
119 |

mvavibi mv_ Zuviv Mv euvwPq PjZb| h Kvib bevMZ Kvb

cwievi ILvb evmv euvaZ cviwb| GjvKvUv bevei `vbKZ wbi
f~wg| vbxq Rwg`vii AvIZvgy| ZrKvji evwm`vivB AvRv
AvQb| Zuviv ejZb KvRxi cyj|
g Gw`KUvq emwZ Mo IV KvU KvPvixi mv_ m
wkwZ GK Rb Mvwi| Zv GKK cwievi `y, Pvi ev `k weNv RvqMv
wbq| w_Zz nq emB GB ewnivMZ evwm`viv mnvevbi GK
AwfRvZ mgvR Mo Zvjb| Avi GB cwigjB Le nq hvq
KvRx`i cvavb| m KvibI nZ cvi KvRxicyj bvgi wejyw|
gvUvgywU GUvB eocyji BwZe|
GZv Mj wejy nq hvIqv eocyji K_v| eyR Mj KZ
cyKzi ? wnme bIqv hvK Kv_vq Kv_vq wQj cyKzi jv| Avi
AvqZbB ev KZ wQj GKKUvi|
01|
02|
03|
04|
05|
06|
07|
08|
09|
10|
11|
12|
13|
14|
15|
120 |

Aveyj nvmb cvUvqvixi evoxi `wb 500 200

AvUvk Kjvbxi mvgb 500 200
WvqvewUK nvmcvZvji wcQb 500 200
KvRx n`vqZ nvmbi gq`vi wgj 300 150
weRq cvji evox 200 150
bxiv` fvRbi evoxi c~ew`K 300 200
cix mvnv`i evox 150 150
mxe cvji evox 150 150
AvKzqvi cyKzi 500 200
cvIqvi nvDmi cyKzi 300 200
gvLb Wvvii evox 150 100
dzW MvWvDbi mvgb 400 400
wbD Kjvbxi gvS 500 200
wbD Kjvbx hvevi c_ 200 100
fvRb Pvjvi cyKzi 500 200

16|
17|
18|
19|
20|
21|
22|
23|
24|
25|
26|
27|
28|
29|
30|
31|
32|
33|
34|
35|
36|
37|
38|
39|
40|
41|
42|
43|
44|
45|
121 |

KjR cvovq we`vmi cyKzi 150 150

Lvb wgkb nvDmi cyKzi 150 100
Lvb wgkb nvDmi cyKzi 50 60
KjRi cyKzi 500 200
Qvqv w`w`gwbi 200 150
nvIqvB eid Kj `yBUv 100 100
dzW Awdm 150 100
Wvt Bqvwnqv mvnei evox 400 200
Mvivb 150 200
eRjyi ingvb mvnei evox 2Uv 500 150
/ 100 100
Kzgvik Pexi evox 300 200
wWqvgi Di 500 200
Ab VvKzii evox 300 200
kxk Pexi evox 400 200
Aveyj nvmb KjRi cvk 500 150
nvRx mvgmyj nK Payixi evox 150 150
gb_ mbi eid Kj 300 150
dKDwb mvnei evox 150 150
H Dii eid Kj 400 200
cywjk mycvii evsjvi wcQ 200 100
Mvqvj` nvB zj 500 200
Avng` Avjx gavi 500 150
iwngybQv gv`vmvi c~e 300 150
wgRvbyi ingvb `vivMvi 500 150
Mvjm zji mvgb 400 150
Wvt AvRvnvi Dwb Avng` 150 150
Wvt AvRvnvi Dwb Avng` 100 100
evei Avjx wgqvi evox 200 150
mvivqviRvb Payixi evoxi c~e 150 150
igRvb Avjx wcIbi evox 100 100

46|
47|
48|
49|
50|
51|
52|
53|
54|
55|
56|
57|
58|

Avt Mdzi gvjvi evox 300 150

KvRx Aveyj Avjvi evox 150 150
ci cyKzi 500 250
jvKv kWi wfyRvKwZ 500 200
hv nvmcvZvji cvk bKei MvWi 500 300
Lv`v eKmi cyKzi 500 200
ivRvi evoxi A`i gnj 150 100
eywoi eUZjvq 500 200
ivRvi evoxi Di 500 200
kbi cvk ijcyKzi 800 150
evRvii cvVkvjvi wkK wke` bv_ gj wbR kg GKUv
cyKzi Lbb Kib bxiv` fvRbi evoxi Di 100
100
jK cvovi `yUv cwZwU 1000 200
KvRx mvnei BU fvUvq 500 200

GZvjv cyKzii Aevb Kgekx GK gvBj cwiwa ga|

wUDe Iqj IB mgq Ni Ni wQjbv| cvbxq Rj wnmveI Gi
AbK jv eveZ nZv| AbK jvZ Kvco KvPv wbwl wQj|
^vwaKvixMb gvQ cylZb| mwLb wkKvix`i Avgb RvbvZb|
eo gvQUv aiv coj gyL Avuavi KiZb bv| eis cyKzi eo gvQ AvQ
iUbvq kvNv eva KiZb| AvZxq KzUzg Gj eo gvQUv ai
Avcvqbi eev wbZb| ez eve`i evox DcnviI cvVvZb|
mwLb grm wkKvixI wQjb ek KRb| Pvi gvQ Avbvi
wewfb Kkj Zuviv RvbZb| ci cPv bvwo fywo| imMvjvi Mv`,
wewfb Mhy gkjv mnhvM|
GZv Mj cyKzii K_v| Lvbv L` Wvev Avi bvjv AbwZ|
cwZwU evoxZ GK ev GKvwaK| wfU euvavi cqvRbB mw| Avi
ZvZ UvwK, Usiv wMR wMR KiZv| Avgv`i evoxi wcQbi Lv`Uvq
122 |

KBqi ev_vb| Nb wewi w`b KvbKv w`q nuU Iiv c_ DV

AvmZv SvuK SuvK| kvj jv nvRvi LvbK cvbv wbq w_i nq
`uvwoq, bU bob Pob|
eo ivvi `ycvk mgvivj `yUv bvjv wMq wgkQ eo cyj|
cv AwdmUvi mvgb w`q Aviv GKUv cvq Pjv c_ ci cyKzi Uvi
`qvj Nl wgjwQj SvDZjv, _vbvq hvevi c_| gvS GKUv yBm
MU, cyKzii AwZwi Rj ei Kiv ev XyKvbvi cqvRb Lyj `Iqv
nZv mUv|
c_ cvki bvjv jvq ivevbx cZ ivLZb AbK| fi
hZ meKUvB| iji w`NxUvq Avgiv aiZvg ayB cyuwU| wccoi wWg
Av`vi w`q|
AvR KUv cyKzi wUK AvQ ejv gywj| AwPiB meh wejy
ne m`n bB| cyKzi wejy| wejy eo cyjI| Zey bvgUv AvRv
DPvwiZ nq Uv PvjKi gyL| Avi Avgv`i gb|

BUvwjqvb nvUj K_v

evoxi cvk BUvwjqvb nvUj| Aejy Gme nvUji
evwjkjv KfviQvov, eRb eeZ Zj wPUwPU| BUi gZv k
ejB GB bvgKiY| wPrKvZ nvUji bvg I bwQ| XvjvI Zv
cvZv weQvbv| Mvq Mv jvwMq Z nq| wPr nq Z RvqMv ekx
jvM, fvovI ekx, Pvi Avbv| Kvr nq j fvov `yB Avbv| G wbq
gRvi M AvQ| `yB Avbv wgwUq evWvi Kvr nq kve, Mfxi ivZ
123 |

Nyg f `L KvbUvZ GK jvK KvMR Kjg wbq em AvuK

KlQ| Bwb avibv Kijb nqZv eemvqx Kvb evWvi w`bi jvf
jvKmbi wnmve KlQ|
mKvj we`vq bevi mgq gbRvi GK UvKvi PvR `vex Kijb|
evWvi ejb AvwgZv `yB Avbvi Kvr kvqv qwQ| gvbRvi
Rvbvjb Nygi gvS Avcwb wZbevi wPr nqQb| Avgvi jvK wnmve
UzK iLQ ivZ Kvbvq em _vKv jvKUv Avmj evWvi`i wPr
KvZi wnkve UzKwQj| bvBU wWDwU Zvi| Avmj GUv MB| Zey
GgbZi nvUj mvq _vKv LvIqv AbK wQj|
Avgv`i evoxi cvk Ggwb GK nvUj| mLvb cwZw`b bZyb bZzb
jvKi AvMgb wbMgb| ZvweR weZv, nKvi, ^cc` meivMi
gnla, gvqvgqx KvRj PvL jvMvj xi ^vgx ekxfyZ ne| cyil
jvMvj KvswLZ Kbv cvMjcviv nq Qy&U Avme, BZvw`| KZ wewP
ckvi gvbyl Avi KZ my`i Zv`i evPbfx Aemi cii M|
cuyw_ cvV|
Avwg GK KvY wMq emZvg, I`i M b ivgvwZ nZvg- Kvb
nvwiq hvIqv QjUv eKvj ci evox GmQ GKKuvwo UvKv wbq|
gv Ku` Ku` A cvq QjUv KvgvLv `k hLvb ay gq`i
ivRZ cyilK wKQy Ki LZ nq bv| Vvsqi Dci Vvs Zzj Lvq
Avi Nygvq ivRvi nvj wQj QjUv| eD AbK UvKv-cqmv w`q
gvqi mv_ `Lv KiZ cvwVqQ| QjUv bvwK eviB Muvqi Qj
KvRB Awekvmi wKQy bvB| mZvmZ weePbvi eqmI Avgvi ZLb
nqwb| ^Q KuvPi gZv GKRb GKUv ez Svjv _K ei Ki
`Lvjv IUvK bvwK Ave ej| gNi gZv AvKvk w`q Do hvq|
cvnvwoqv jvKiv jvwVi AvNvZ w`q Wvbv f evRvi ePZ
Avb| KD wbRi K_v ej| eviv eQi eqm evox _K
fvMv^kb ewoq AvR wek weNv Rwgi gvwjK| jvLvcwZ nevi
AjwKK Kvwnbx me|
ZvQi evcvix GLvbi vqx evWvi | euvK wbh ivR fvi ejv
ewoq hZ| Mvg Nyi Nyi cibv wkwk evZj wKb AvbZv|
Lv`i cvwbZ evZj jv ayq Dcyi Ki mvwi mvwi cvwb SovZv|
124 |

GKw`b mwZ m jvLvcwZ njv| AvR ivRevoxi mePq eo

`vKvbUv Zvi|
Avgvi Aviv GKUv Avvbv wQj cvjwKi enviv`i ILvb| Aemi
Zviv `wo cvKvZv. Rvj eybZv, Avi bqZv cyuw_ cvV| Loi Dci
PUi AvQv`b| q _vKZvg IUvi Dci| Mvb bZvg, cyuw_ cvV,
mUv wekl jvK Qvov cviZv bv, cyuw_i cvZv Ivbvi mgqI AvMi
cqvii ik Ggb Ub wbq hZ myi Ki h evSvB hZ bv Q`iI
cZb nZv bv|
Avi wQj nvmb Kvbvi Pvqi `vKvb| jLvcov RvbZv bv| euvwK
Li AMwbZ iji vd| LvZvq wewfb wP GuK gvmi kl
mevBK eywSq w`Z Ke KqUv Pv, jvwV wezU LqQ| 0 gvb- Pv,
- gvb jvwV wezU, + hvM wP `yai gvjvB| m LyeB my`i ij
Bwb AvuKZ cviZv, Avgvi AvKlY wQj mUv cvIqv| wVK WvBfvi
`uvwoq, auvqv DoQ Kvjv Kvjv, me ey| Kv_vq Mj Giv?
fvej AvRI gbUv Ub Ub Ki IV G`i Rb!
ge zji QywU nj evox Gm evevi nvZ NwoUv wbq Pj hZvg
LvUi Zjvq| cQbi Wvjv Lyj `LZ gRv jvMZv| LuvR KvUv
PvKvUv GKevi Gw`K cvK w`q Avevi Dv w`K| LuvPvLuywP KiZ
wMq kl Aewa IUv Avgvi nvZB weKj njv|
Kji Mvbi iKWi fvvi wQj cPzi| i KiZvg, Lvjv Lvjv
vi ivwLqv bv Avi evwni Avgvq `uvwoq- K_v bq, meZt myiUvi
RbB IUvB Avgvi wcq Mvb wQj| ZrKvji me MvqK`i MvbB
Avgv`i wQj| KwgK iKW ebMuvq Ub e`j eD nvivbv AvRKv
nBev gvi weqv, KvjKv AvBgy eD jBqv BZvw` me bvg gb bvB|
eB covi Nvov ivMiI m~cvZ nq G mgqB| ARm eB Avi
cwKvi g Abymvi Pvgovq euvavbv| eQii Avi gvwjKi bvg
Luv`vB Kiv _vK _vK mvRvbv| fZii Qwe `LZ wMq `yPvi
jvBb cov _KB bkv aijv| hLb eywS bv wKQyB ZLb co djwQ
Ujqi cvovRwg gvneyeyj Avjgi cb Rxebi wZ hUv
AvKwlZ nB mv`Ki ge| wZwb jLKi nvZi jLv `L
AvK nqwQjb GB ge| Avi cowQ gvgbi Revbe`xi
125 |

mgvjvPbv Avi cvv Reve hv eQi LvbK Pjvi ci mv`K Avi

Qvcveb bv NvlYv w`qQb| GKc b~ix GUzKzB gb AvQ|
bRiji ievBqvZi L Abyev` mUvi nw`m Avi cvBwb nvRvi
LuvR KiI| KD ejZI cvi bv bRij GiKg wjLwQjb wKbv|
Rvi cwievii kl Qwe hv`i mevBKB gi dj Kgywbiv `L,
Lye K jMwQj| ivmcywUb mvay wel LqI gi bv| wniv| covi
bkv Ggb cq emjv ay cvVeB Qvov|
eqm njv, weq njv, eD cvk, nvZ eB| Avjvq NygyZ cvi bv,
eB w`q Avovj Kwi| Nyi Z ejj eB wbq cvk wdwi| wLUwgwU
eva| eB nq hvq mZxb| kl QoB w`jvg cov|
Gang of forty
Avgv`i Gang of forty i m`miv cvqkt auvauv Avi
nuqvjxc~Y K_v ejZvg cii| vbxq iRb Kviv gy`v`vl ev
bvUKi WvqjM ev Dcbvmi csw wgwkq|
KD bkvq Abxnv cKvk Kij ejZvg bvbv ai hve h,(mvne
wewe Mvjvgi WvqjM) Kvb AvjvPbvq GKUz is wgkvj cQb _K
Mdzi gvjvi kvj Kvkx, evm m Pzc Ki hZ| wbla ^ZI
KD KvbKvR Ki e_ nj ejZvg- ZLwb ejyg Qwomb cwjq
hve| njvZv? GUv, Kvjy kvwjK cvwL ai jvjyi nvZ w`q ejwQj
Qwomb cwjq hve| wK IUv Io wKbv jvjy cixv KiZ MQ,
mB _K Pvjy|
ivRevox weLvZ KcY K ez AwaKvix IbvK `Lj ev
bvg wbj mw`b Zvi fvM gvdZ LvIqv RyUe bv GB hywZ
Avgiv Ibvi bvg BsiRxZ DPviY KiZvg Black Friend owner
ej| Ibvi GKUv NUbv- elvKvj, ivvi cvki Lvj gvQ aiZ
cZ ivLv ivevbx ZzjZ bgQb| aywZi KuvPi KuvPv UvKvUv Wye
MQ| cvMji gZv Wye Wye LuyR eovQb| Ibvi x kl evox
126 |

_K GKUv KuvPv UvKv Gb `yPvi Wye w`q hw` bv cq hZb

mw`bB Zuvi weaev nevi fq wQj|
Avi GKevi gvvi mZxl wmK`vii mv_ fviZ hvQb| cvmcvU
ZLbI Pvjy nqwb wK UvKv-cqmv bqvq evav wQj| Aek Kvg
nvDR Rgv w`q divi mgq wc `Lvj diZ cvIqv hZ| Dwb
GKkZ UvKvi cuvPUv bvU gvP fi gvRvq uR hvQb| nvwiq
hvIqvi fq wKQyb ci ci aywZZ GKUv Ki cvP w`Qb| aywZ
nvUz aiv aiv| Kvg Awdmvi Gj cKU nvZ w`q ejb bB mvi
GB `Lb| KvgZv eyS djQ- `v`v Avcbvi Kvgi wK `wL|
wKQy bv mvi wKQy bv| kl UvbvUvwb, Dwb aiv cojb| Ibvi ZLb
kl Aev| Kvg gRv cq Aviv fq `LvQ, UvKv evRqv ne,
gvgjv ne BZvw`| AwaKvix gkvq ZLb mZxl wkK`vi gkvBK
`wLq ejjb- mvi Ii KvQI AvQ mvi RyZvi wfZi|
mZxl wkK`vii fZ GKRb mI Avgv`i `w AvKlY KiZv
evRvi Avmvi mgq Kvgi, cKU wewfb RvqMvq wfb wfb m`vBqi
UvKv MuyR wbq eiZv| KLbv gvQi UvKv gwiPi `vKvb w`q
dj Avevi mUv diZ w`q gwiPi _vK hLvb mLvb _K `vg
`e| Gi Ab_v ne bv|

DRY ICE AND CARBONC GAS FACTORY

Avgv`i knii cwg cv ijc_ msjM cvq kZ weNv

RvqMv Ryo GKUv KviLvbv Mo IV 1944 mvji w`K| jvj iOi
mvnei cv_K Avgvi KvQ evaMg bq ZLb| ci RbwQ Rvgvb
`ki mvneUv Avgv`i ivRvi ky| e`x Ki wbq Mj m RbB|
M bjvg nvZNwo gyLi KvQ wbq wK hb ejwQj| cywjk m`n
Ki KvQ Mj AvQo f dj NwoUv| IUv w`q bvwK RvgvbxZ
Lei cvVvwQj BsiR`i wei h me Z_ m RvMvo KiZv| GK
127 |

K_vq Pi wQj m| Avgvi wekvm nqwb| Ze Zvi Avi LuvR cvIqv

hvq bv Ges KviLvbvUv cwiZv co _vK|
wekvjvKwZi wZbUv Pvs KwcKj w`q Kqjv fwZ Kiv nQ | mvBW
jvBb mvwimvwi Kqjv fwZ gvjMvox Kzwjiv Lvjvm KiQ| mvne
Pqvi em Z`viwK KiQb| AevK njvg Lywoq nuvUZ `L|&
mvneiv jvsov nq? Zvnj Zv wfvewUvB Zvi ckv nIqv DwPr
wQj| ZvZv bq GZv KwirZKgv jvK| ci GUv jvsov mvnei
eid Kj bvgB cwiwPZ nq| GLvb bvwK Kbv eid Zix ne|
mUv Aviv weqKi cvwb bq evZvm _K eid Zve evcvi|
mvnei evox, wbR^ IqvKkc ^qsm~Y| iji MU, MUgvbi
gvwU Ni cvKv c_, cwiPvjbvi Kgx me co iBj|
IB RvqMvUv GK bvgKiv hvMx` bv_ miKvi KweivRi evwo wQj|
wZwb XvKvq Kvb zji wkKZv KiZb| Avqye` kv cvV Ki
KweivRx i Kib Ges GLvb Pj Avmb| Bwb cvjKxZ Po
iMx evox hZb| mvne wKb wbqwQjb| AvMvQvq Av Av
Rj nq ci Avgv`i wUwdb wewo LvIqvi ek wbivc` Avvbv
nq IV| fviZ wefvMi ci cvwKvb miKvii mw|
iYvebi Rb jvK wbqvM `Iqv nZv| Guiv wbR`i
Bwwbqvi wnmve cwiPq w`Zb| wK KLbv KviLvbv Pvjy Kivi
D`vM wbqQb `wLwb| mq` LvgviI GKevi `vwqZ cvq| 1965
mvji w`K Gm.BD. Lvb bvg cvK bfx _K GKRb Avmb (Avg
eveyi wcZv) wZwb GUv Pvjy KiwQjb| Aek 1960 `kKI
KqKw`bi Rb cixvg~jK fve Pvjy nqwQj| WvB AvBm Avgiv
`Ljvg| evZvm wgwjq hvq| nvZ ivLj ZvjyZ dvmKv co|
Gm.BD. Lvb cwiKbv KiwQjb ILvb Kv viR Zix Kivi|
KvwiMwi Kvb zwUi KviY mUv mdj nq bv| cieZxKvj mvavib
eid Zix Kib| mUvI wKQyw`b Pjvi ci e nq hvq| Gm.BD.
Lvb wgK wQjb| ivRevox wk cvK cwZvi mgq Zuvi cwZvb
_K mg Ljvi mivg mieivn Kib| (hUv eZgvb Awdmvm
Kve) miKvi GB cwZvbUv wew Ki `q| Zv gwkbc Lyj
bevi mgq cwZev` mfv nq eU wK mveRbxbZvq ic cvq bv|
128 |

wPib n GKv PuPvjv mfvq| ivRevoxi wZ wP wnmve iv

Kivi Ave`b ivLjb| wK KvKm cwie`bv| jxKvji ivRvi
evoxi gZvB GUv wewjb nq Mj Avgv`iB PvLi mvgb|
wgwj Zzwg Kvi?
mvjUv gb bvB| nZ cvi 1956| ikbi `vKvb PvjvB
kwd Avi Avwg| Kvbv kwd (G bvgUvI Avgvi `Iqv) evKv evKv|
fvRv gvQ D LZ Rvb bv| hLb ZLb gbi Svj Svwo|
Qjejvq duv` cov eKi KvQ DuwKSuywK w`wQj, VvKi gi Kvbv
Ki w`qQ| evBi _K `Lj evSv hvq bv| Zey Avgvi `Iqv
bvgB weLvZ ezgnj| Avvi GKcvk co _vK| Kviv bRi
Kvi bv Zgb| iZI cvq bv ejvi| wK gvS gvS Ggb dvob
KvU Ges mUv Ggb jvMmB h Avgiv DwjZ nq hvB| Avi ZvB
IK GKcvk emvi RvqMv Ki `B| GKevi bvUKi iZ Avwg
Avi Avgvi bvwqKv gKAvc wbwQ cvkvcvwk em| gKvAvcgvb
cvDWvi, cgUg Avi KvRj w`q gqUvK AvaywbK evbvQ| Kvbv
mvgb Gm cjKnxb ZvwKq iqQ| wRvmv Kijvg wK `LwQm?
Zwor Reve Ii, `LwQ, kl Aewa wK `uvovq| gqUv Kvjv|
jvMmB dvob| bvwqKv iM Us| Avgiv gyPwK nuvmwQ|
ivR weKj `vKvb e Ki GKmv_ wdwi| evmvq nvZ gyL cwivi
Ki Avvi nvwRiv w`Z AvMB Pj hvB| I GKUz `ix KiB
Avm| kvjv wXj Zv? `wii mgqUv Kw`b ai GKUz ewkB wbQ|
Avgvi Kgb hb m`n nj gb| kvjv Avgvi evb`i Kviv mv_
jvBb Kijv bv Zv? ci w`b Avvq wMq Avevi wdiwQ Z`|
evox Gm `wL Avgvi evbi KvQ coZ Avm cvki evoxi GK
gq Zvi mv_ M KiQ| ZLb Zz Avgvi wePib| Ggb GKUv
mvavib gq GZw`b ai hvIqv Avmv KiQ gbvhvM w`q `wLIwb|
KvbvK Ii mv_ M KiZ `L GKUy wnsmv njv ewK| kvjv Kvbv
Wye Wye Rj LvI? Avi IB gqUvi cwZ njv ivM| Avwg nb wniv
129 |

_vKZ wZxq mvwiZ em _vKv Kvbv AvgvK wWwq Mj? ZLb

wmbgv nj evBi gvBK Mvb evRZv eB ii AvM| evRQ ng
gyLvcvavqi em AvwQ c_ Pq dvbi Mvb Mq gqUv eB
Kvj iL GKgb bQ| Avgvi DcwwZI Ii gbvhvM Kvojv
bv| Avgvi evb ejj- GB MvbUv wgwji Lye cQ`| MvbUv AvM
AbK bwQ Zgb fvj jvMwb| wXg Zvj| Avgvi Rxeb m mgq
`Zjq PjQ| Ime cvbcvbvbx `vM KvU bv| mw`b GKUz
gbvhvM w`q bjvg| K_vjv fvjBZv? em AvwQ c_ Pq
dvbi Mvb Mq| iwP AvQZv gqUvi| GKw`b `Ljvg m~wP
KvR KiQ gqUv| AvMi w`b Mvjvc dzj AvuKv, gb iL BZvw`
jLv igvj `LwQ Kviv Kviv cKU| Ime Avgvi Lye GKUv
myiwPi cwiPvqK gb nqwb KLbv| ZeyI KvQvKvwQ Nlvi RbB
ejvg- evn& ZzwgZv my`i nvZi KvR wkLQ, Avgvq GKUv igvj Ki
`e? wVK AvQ iwOb myZv Gb `eb, `e Ki| mw`bB evRvi
MwQ fvj Avwi Kvco KqK iOi wWGgwm we`kx myZv wKbjvg|
Avgvi Kbv nq Mj kvjv KvbvI `wL wVK IB wRwbmjvB
wKbQ| wKi ZzB myZv w`q wK Kiwe? wgwj AvgvK wKbZ ejQ
GKUv igvj Ki `e| KLb ejj? ZvK ejvi ci| Kvb duvK
ejjv, ew`bZv PvL PvLB ivwL| Kgb hb cuvP Lq hvQ|
igvj Zix ce PjQ| IUv Kvi G wbq Avgiv `yRbB Avkvev`x|
dyU DVQ Kvbvq jvj UzKUzK Mvjvci cuvcwo| w`b KqK ciB
ivZ evox wdi gv_vq eRvNvZ| gv GKUv Amgv igvj `wLq
ejjv- wgwji evev GmQb IK evox wbq hvevi Rb mKvji
MvoxZ| GB igvjUv AvgvK w`q ejjv LvjvAvv GUv AvcbvK
w`jvg| mB ivZ QyUjvg Kvbvi evox| mge_x `yRb| kzZv f~j
MwQ| nuvi Kvbv kl `LvI ne bvi? eyw AvUjvg AvR _K
gwbs IqvK i Kiev| gy evqy meb ^vi Rb DcKvix| evoxZ
ivZB mevi Kvb cuQ w`Z ne| Avi fvi DV ij ivvq Unj
gviev| `yi _K `Ljvg evci cQb axi MwZZ GwMq AvmQ|
cuvRi fvwb| wK wK GK k~YZv Avgv`i Pc _vKZv weKj
njB| 45 eQi ci| Nywgq AvwQ| mKvji is aiwb| evBii Ni
130 |

AbK KvPv evPvi AvIqvR kvbv hvQ| ibRbi gv AvgvK

WvKQ| GK gwnjv Avgvi mv_ `Lv KiZ Pvq|
cvq ev wPbZ cvijvg bv| Dwb ejb AbK w`b AvM Avwg GLvb
Avgvi PvPvi evmvq _K coZvg mB evmvUv `LZ GmwQ| hve
dwi`cyi| Kvb evoxZ Avcbvi PvPv _vKZb? IB m gvLb Wvvi
mvnei evoxi cvk Kvbvi evoxUvq| UvKb`i evox? Avgvi
wRvmv| AvQv UvKbi GK evb wQj wgwj bvg m Kv_vq _vK
Rvbb? AvwgB mB wgwj|
Avgv`i GKv wKQy K_v _vK hv AcKvk ivLZ PvB| fvj g` me
wgwjqB Avwg| AvgvKZv AbKB cQ` Ki bv| m `vqfvi
Abi Dci Pvwcq AvZcmv` jvf Kiev GUv wK duvwK ne bv? mZ
^xKvi Kivi mrmvnm bv _vKj ivR bvgPv jLv _K weiZ _vKvB
fvj| Avgvi hZ`yi gb co zji i iji cvVkvjvq| A Av
mB i mncvwV gqUvK Avgvi fvj jvMZv ZLb eqm KZ? gi
KU cuvP| BQ nZv cvk cvk _vKvi, Ljvi| hgb jR LZ
fvj jvM Zgwb evcvi| Gi A_ wewfb Rbi KvQ wfbZi nqQ|
eziv ejQ Avwg jyPv nqB RbwQ|
heb `wnK evcviUv Avgvi KvQ fvjevmvi cwimgvw ejB wekv m
KiwQ| bvUK, Ljvayjv, mvgvwRK KgKvi mv_ _K AbK bvixi
msk GmI AbKi KvQB wbivm gvbyl _K MwQ| GZ jvf
nqQ `v`v ev bvbx nqI Avgiv mnR nZ ciwQ| nvmZ nvmZB
ejZ ciwQ fvj jvMvi wZK_v| `wnK m`hi PvBZ Avgvi
fvj jMQ Kviv K_v Kviv gb gbvb Kviv eywew kvI KiwQ
KvDK KvDK| ezZi avibvq jvwjZ DcfvM KiwQ Zv`i m|
wbRi xKI fvjemwQ mUv mvsmvwiK PZbvq| x Avgvi KvQ
Homeliness, clamliness Gi PvBZ eo|
w_qUvi / hvv
wmbgv ZLbv GLvb Avmwb| webv`bi gvag hvv,
w_qUvi| gawe cwievi `ya fvZ GLvb fvjB wQj| abvX ewiv
131 |

cyRv cveb hvv Mvb BZvw`i AvqvRb KiZb| GRb cPzi evq
KiZI KzwZ wQjb bv| bvbv `ji Abyvb gvmvwaK Kvj vqx
nZv| jxKvji ivRvi evoxZ GK Ni fwZ jc ZvlK wQj|
bU-bwUi _vKv LvIqv, Gjvnx evcvi| KbmvUi myi i nj `j
`j Dby cvj fi hZ| Drmvnx hyeK kYx wbRiv bvUK g
Kivi w`K hgb GwMq Avm, iRb eqivZv AvMB Gi mv_
m nq bvgx `vgx AwfbZv mw Ki djQb| QvUivI eo`i
mvwba dvB digvm LU wbR`i gvSI Gi Dbv`bv RvwMq
ZzjQ| cvovq cvovq eo evoxi eVKLvbvq cwZw`b mv _K i
nZv gnov| Avgv`i evoxZ QvU evb Avi Zvi evexiv wgj
Nivqv fve bvUK g KiQ| eviv`vq R `kKe` DVvb| eB
evQvB Kiv mvavibZt civwbK ag welqK ev `kvZevaK| wmivRD`-`jvi Pwi nbbi Pv BsiRiv hZB KiK me `j _K
GKvwaKevi wmivR-D`-`jv bvUK g nqQ| nvRvK evwZi
Avjvi AcZzjZv ev GK `k Gi cieZx `ki mgqcb ekx
njI `kK wbweKvi _K ivZ Kvevi Ki evox wdiQ| GQvovI
wewPvbyvb nZv| Mvbi wkx ev` hi Svi GmeI GLvb
cwZwbqZ nqQ| Mvbi PPv cvq Ni Ni| bvUK Awfbxi
cekvwaKvi wQj bv| AbK iRbiv huv`i `Lj ZU nZvg
ZuvivI KuvPzwjZ Zzjv fi Awfbq Ask wbqQb is gL| ciw`b
Ni Ni gq gnj nvwm jvo nZv MZ ivZi PPv Ki|
vbxq w_qUvi njUv 1930 `kK ZrKvjxb gvwRU wgt Wvbjc Gi
bvg Zix nq| wmb wmbvix KjKvZv _K wkx Gb AvuKv nq| cyiv
RUvi gvc GB me wmbvix KvVi ivjvi cuwPq Dci eua ivLv|
cvcUi cqvRb gZv bvgvbv nZv| njUvi RvqMv Ges A_i
RvMvb abvX ew Qvov wmsMfvM BDwbqb cwil` enb Ki| Gici
ij wbR^ w_qUvi nj Zix Ki 1934 mvj| GUvi AvqZb
Wvbjc nji Pq eo Ges GUvI `kvejx mg| cvq cwZhvwMZv
chvq bvUK g nZ _vK| kg Avi `vbi fvvi wbt^v_ fve
AvR KbvI Kiv hvq bv| wUKU KU w_qUvi `Lvi m~cvZ Avgiv
132 |

i Kwi AbK ci Ges mUv aygv LiP cvlvbvi g~j A_ev

gnr Kvb wKQyi mvnvhv_|
AbK bvgx AwfbZv Rb bq m mgq| AZzjbxq huviv wQjb`e`bv_ wmsn, Kzgvi mix` gvnb n ivq, Ab VvKzi, nweei
ingvb, MR` bv_ `, UMi (cZvc `) H fvB bvix Pwi Qvbv
`, evgb `vm nivq, Kvjx ki g, j`y `vm, MwZ` bv_ `vB
(Avjqv) nib f, Qvbv, Gg.G. gvgb (evPz gvvi), Avyi ie,
G.wU.Gg. Avyi ivvK (DwRi Wvvi), GbvqZzi ingvb gbv, Avyi
iwdK (LvKv cdmi), Agj K PeZx, ev`kv Payix, Mvjvg
cxi, gvkvid, Avgvb Avjx, ibwRr mvnv, Avwgbyj Bmjvg (PZz wgqv),
Avt Rwjj (DwKj), Lvj` mvjvDwb, Avt iDd ivRv, wbjy evey,
AvZvDj Kwig, BqvKze nvmb H fvB b~i nvmb, f Wvvi whwb
KvBfi f~wgKvq Awfbq KiQb| fviZ wMq wZwb mZwRr ivqi
Acyi msmvi eBUvq gq ci GKUv f~wgKvq Awfbq KiQb|
nvwee fvB cUjvi f~wgKvq GZUvB cfvweZ nb h Zuvi GK cyi bvg
iLQb cUjv| myfvl wms, c~b`y fylY wbqvMx, Aa`y f~lY
wbqvMx, Mi, MRb ` Guiv mviv evsjvq cwm nqQb|
wmbgvZI Avgv`i gvZvnvi cwiPvjK wnmve LvZ nq, Avyj nK
ayw, QvbvDjvn, e`, my G`i kg Ges ZvM m mgqi bvU
Ab BwZnvm|
AweiYxq Awfbq `eb wms- Mvjvg nvmb, ivZKvbv nvwee fvB
Kivbxi Rxeb- cUjv wmivR-D`-`jv- bxjyevey, guwkq jvjxtivRv| Kzgvi mwi` gvnb n ivq- `e`vm| bvUKi cgUvi bRij
MvW, AvZvDj Kwig, Lvj` mvjvDwb Aviv AvbK|
wewQb wKQy hv AvRv gbK `vjv `q
(1) gvwRK Avi nvZ mvdvB wkL mv_x`i ZvK jvwMq w`hwQ|
A`k Kwj, jey KU i ei Kiv, Av Kjvq Avyj QyuBq
w`j Lvmv Qvwoq `Lv hve h Kevi Avyj QyuqwQ mB Kq
133 |

UzKiv nq MQ| hv`y we`v eBUvi mek Ljv wK Kwij

w`bi ejv Zviv `Lv hvq| cwZ Ak MvQi Kl PvL
jvMvj w`bi ejvq Zviv `Lv hve| AkMvQ wPwb bv| evevi
KvQ wRvmv Kijvg Ak MvQi cwiPq | fvwMm Ak MvQ
wPbZvg bv|
(K) meivMi gnlai Dcv`vb : jvd `q h LvUvk Zvi
Kvbi evZvm, h eov fMQ Zvi LvwbK UzKiv, Di hvq
h eK Zvi PviU bL nvgvbw`vq euU LvIqvj giv gvbylI
evuP |
(L) wc,wm, miKvii gZ mvnbx we`v cywbgvi ivZ wPr nq
cjKnxb Puv`i w`K Pq _vKZ _vKZ hLb Puv` 1dzUi
KvQ Pj Avme ZLb AvqZ ne | ZvI cvKwUm KiwQ |
(2) PoyB cvwL evmv evuaQ NyjNywjZ| KvwiKi x cvwLUvi Zzjbvq
cyilUvB `LZ my`i| ePviv gb hvMvQ Kvjv eDqi, Kv_v
Kv_v _K Lo KzUv wbq AvmQ | eD Zvi GK PZy_vskI Mnb
KiQ bv| evwZj Ki w`Q ekxB| cyilUvi GZ Avcw bB,
Avevi QyUQ bZzbi mvb| bB weiwZ bB weivg| GB h
`vZ Rxeb, ciex cRbi Pjvi c_ mnRZiv Kivi AvKzwZ
GUvB iv KiQ RMZi engvb aviv| cyilUvi cwZ GKvZ
njvg, gvqv nj| IZv gvn co MQ | GB MvjK avuauv _K
ei nevi Ii Avi c_ Lvjv bB|
(3) ZLb Kvi w`b Kvj f` wPwV AvmZv| mUv covZ Avi Reve
wjLZ gvi KvQ eD wSiv AvmZv| post Kivi `vhx AvgvK
`Iqv nZv | post office _K Money order
form
Avi Telegraph Form webv chmvq cvIqv hvq hvbZvg bv|
Kviv bvg Telegrame Gj covi AvMB Kvbvi ayg co
hZ| mvavibZt Agj RbK msev` Qvov Telegrame KD
fveZvB bv|
Avgvi zji mvgbB post office mvgbi gvVUvq LjvI Kwi
| DuwK w`q UwjMvdi Ui Uv Avi mncvwV ieyi evevK
KvMR GKgb wjLZ `wL | GKRb Kvb Vzwj GuU nvjv
134 |

nvjv KiQ Avi G Zvi I dzUvq I Zvi AviK dzUvq XzKvQ

| AviK Ni mvwi mvwi Lvc wPwVi evwj wbq GUvq IUvq Rgv
KiQ GKRb | gRvB jvMZv | wK IUvi bvg h WvKNi Zv
RvbZvg bv | post office ejB RvbZvg | h QjUv BwZnvm
cixvi LvZvq wjLwQj ki kvn& Nvovi WvKi c_g cPjb
Kib , Zvi AvM Nvov WvwKZbv | WvKi A_ Gi ekx AvgviI
Rvbv wQjbv | `yB ejv evoxi mvgb w`q XvKv gj wPUvMvs gj
hvq | Ijv QvULvU kb _vg bv ejB Zv GB bvg |
WvKMvox nq wK Ki ? ivRvi zj covi mgq GK mncvwVi wPwV
GmQ | mvi wPwVUv Ii nvZ w`ZB I ej mvi GUvZv Avwg
wjLwQ Avgvi GK AvZxqi KvQ | Avmj m RvbZbv
Bbfjvci Wvb cvkUvq cvcK Avi evg cvk ciKi wVKvbv
wjLZ nq |
Abi wPwV Lvjv MwnZ GgbUv AbKB fveZbv
AvRKi gZv | GKv Mvcbxq wPwVi Lvg 74//0 mvo
Pzqvzi wjLZv AbK | mvo Pzqvzi Avmj wKi (Kmg) |
Gi cPjbi w`bb Rvbv bv MjI GKUv Kvwnbx cPwjZ wQj |
Kvb cyivKvj evb Avi k~`i gvS fxlb hyi kl
wbnZi msLv wbicb Kiv me wQjbv | ZLb ebi Mjvi
cZv msMn Ki IRb Ki `Lv hvq mvo Pzqvi gb|
GB wPwV cvcK Qvov Lyjj mB mvo Pzqvzi gb IRbi me
evb nZvi `vqfvi Zvi Dci eZve | Ggb 74//0 jLv wQwV
wn`y gymjgvb AbKKB eenvi KiZ `LwQ |
KvjKvZv _K wPwV AvmZv evevi, w`q hZ wcIb,
WvKniKiv wb bvB | Money order Gj UvKv cZ `ix nZ
| memgq post office G UvKv _vKZ bv | /10 Qq cqmvi Lvg
Avi /0 GK Avbvi cvKvW eP KZev Rg | eo bvU BbwkIi
Ki cvVvj AviK mgmv ivRevox evRvi 100 UvKvi fvswZ eo
`vKvbI cvIqv hZ bv | GKevi GK `vKvb`vi fvswZ eq
wbq evox Gm mveavb Ki w`jb gvK GZUzKz evPvi nvZ hb
135 |

PK bv `b (ZLb 100 UvKvK PK ejv nZ) Qj Lyb nq he

|
Zv mB ki kvni Nvovi WvK BsiR ivRZ WvKNoi
gvag Pvjy nq Mj | 1853 mvj wmsn Avi ZvjMvQi Qwe
Qvcv WvKwUKU c_g ei nj | Gici \10 `yB cqmv, /0 GK
Avbv, Y0 `yB Avbv, |0 Pvi Avbv, ||0 AvU Avbv `vgi | c_g w`K
GKmv_ Qvcv wUKU Avjv`v Kivi perforating evev wQj bv
| KuvwP w`q KU Avjv`v KiZ nZ| ZLb ijI meLvb Pvjy
nq bvB mRb Kv_vI MiMvwo, gvli Mvwo, Nvov, Mvav, DU,
bKv, gvbyli Kuva, Vjv MvwoZ wewfb cvq WvK cuQvbvi
evev Kiv nj | 1870 mj AvMv Avi gv_yivi ga mvBKj
WvK wewji evev bIqv nq |
wejvZ _K wPwV AvmZ Qvwek w`b mgq jvMZv |
RvnvRB wewfb vbi wPwV c_K Kivi evev nIqvq ev^vBZ
RvnvR fovi ci wb` vb WvK cuQvZ mgq wKQzUv Kg hvq
| ijI GB evev Pvjy nq cybv WvKNii myweav m^wjZ
GKUv eMx g~jMvwoi mv_ Ryo w`q | Avi mUvB WvKMvwo |
c_gw`K 200 gvBj ci ci WvKNo vcb Kiv nq |
cieZx Kvj wPwVi cwigvb ew cIqvq kni kni, gnjvq,
evRvi GgbwK Mvg MI WvKNi emvZ nq| ivRevoxZ
evRvii post office AvRI Pjy AvQ | IUv c_g nvRx
gvKUi cvk 6 X 6 bo eo GKUv Ni AewZ wQj | post
master wQjb dqR Dwb Avng` whwb AZt Pvievi bv b
cvKvW ev Bbfjvc nvi KiZb bv | Avgiv post master
general AvLv w`qwQjvg | cv_wgK hyM Bbfjvc wQj bv |
ciK wPwV fuvR Ki vbxq fvlvq wVKvbv wjL w`Zb | post
office IUvi Dci jvj KvwjZ BsiwR ZRgv Ki wVKvbv wjL
w`Zb | m mgq ivv ev evoxi b^i bv _vKvq cvcKi wcZvi
bvg, cvki evwoIqvjvi bvg Pnvivi eYbv hgb gvUv ev cvZjv,
UvK ev evewoIqvjv, Lvovq nuvU wKbv wel` wjLZ nZv |
wPwVi Dci Gme jLvi ci WvKNii Qvc co AbK mgq
136 |

`yeva nq hZ | Ggb wPwVi yc Mo IVvq Dead letter

office LyjZ nq | Zviv K cvVvvi Ki wb` wVKvbvq
cvVvevi eev Ki |
1873 mvj \10 `yB cqmv `vgi Lvg Avi \5 GK cqmv
`vgi post card Qvcv nq | Avi 1884 mvj Reply post
card evRvi Avm |
cv_wgK mgq Rwg`viiv WvK niKiv mieivn KiZv |
1908 mvji ci G c_v wejvc Kiv nq| WvKNi jvi Avq
_KB mg eq wbevn Kiv nZ _vK |
g WvKNii Kg weZ nq | 1851 mvj UwjMvd, 1873
mvj cvmj, 1877/78 mvj Insurance, 1883 mvj mwfsm
GKvDU, gvwb AWvi Pvjy nq eU Ze 1880 mvji AvM 150
UvKvi ewk gvwb AWvi Kiv hZ bv |
1892 mvj post office Gi gvag KzBbvBb weqiI
eev Kiv nq gvjwiqv Avv GjvKvq |
G me QvovI hLb hvZvqvZi myweav wQjbv AvM _K Rvbvb
w`j post office cvw fvovi evevI Ki w`Z | KjKvZv
_K Kvkx 566 gvBj hZ jvMZ 707 UvKv Avi cvUbv hZ
jvMZ 500 UvKv | gvS Kv_vI hZ nj gvBj cwZ GK UvKv
`yB Avbv Avjv`v w`Z nZv | By air G wPwV Avm c_g wgki
_K ev^vB 1920 mvj |
AvRv jW Wvjnwmi cwiPvjb cwZ WvK wefvM Pj
AvmQ |
gnvivbx wfvixqv mwbK`i Rb 8 cvB gyji wUKU
Qvob | Avi wUwKUi Mvq G mgqB East India Company
i e`j ay India jLv nq | 1901 mvj mg GWvqvW ivRv
nj wfvwiqvi vb Zvi Qwe Qvcv nq | 1910 mvj cg
RRi mgq _K fviZB wUwKU Qvc nZ _vK Avi G mgq
_KB miKvix KvR SERVICE jLv Stamp evenvi i
nq | (gvwmK fviZel)
137 |

(4) 1950 mvji w`K XvKvi wmkix GjvKvq GKUv evoxi bvg
eo Ai v`vB Ki jLv wQj VMx evR Zdzi | Zdzi
bvgi ezwU avi wbq Avi ab wb | ezwU Zvi vqx cwZev`
RvwbqQb GfveB|
(5) jvj gvwUqvi GKUv wkv cwZvbi MU wjLv `Ljvg Enter
to learn KivPxi GKUv zj ciex csw Go forth to
serve.
(6) Avgv`i mvi jvK bv_ fvPvh wZK_vq h Ave`vi iK
(Avwg Zuvi wjwLZ evbvbUvB AbymiY KiwQ ) bvgi fvj gvbylwUi
mK wjLQb whwb ejMvwQ kb gvvi wQjb (hLb
KvjyLvwj ij kb cwZv vqwb ) Qviv `yi `yi _K cvq
nuU ij Po ivRvi yj coZ AvmZv | wZwb evPv`i Rb
Kjv BZvw` LvIqvZb |huvi ijcv KvUv hvq| wZwb Avgv`i
KvRxKv`vi KvRx Avyi ivvK, Zuvi cy KvRx Avey evmvi, Zuvi
cy Rtd. Lt. Col KvRx Rvdi web evmvi, Zvi cy AvgwiKv
cevmx KvRx bvwdm web Rvdi 2007 mvj Oscar weRqx|
(7) wjIbv`v ` wfw Zuvi mgq Kvj AvRwe Ggb me M
wjLwQjb| hv ciex Kvj eve ic cqQ| Kwei Kjv
meB h AjxK nq bv Zvi AbK D`vnib AvQ| jLKi bvg
ib bvB eeQi AvM Avgv`i evOjv`ki GKRb ig iPbv
wjLwQjb| Kvb GKmgh Avgv`i `kI we`kx chUKiv
Avmeb niv Avi gvnv`ivi gZv nvwiq hvIqv Ruins of
Adamsi Avi Stupa of the omnibuses at Mirpura
`LZ | MvBW NvPvjy (Nvm I Avjy wgwkZ RvD) Lq Mii
Mvox wbq cyZ chUK`i `e vb wbq hvevi Dk|
AZw`b Acvi AvMB Avgiv Av`gRxi asmvekl Avi
wgicyii BRTC evmi yc `L djwQ| eZgvbi ivvi
Rvg AvUK Bw Bw Ki Gbv Mii Mvwoi K_vBZv gb
Kwih `q | evwK NvPvjy LZ Avgiv wbgwei gvbyliv
KZw`b Acvq _vKev | Avgvi QvU QjUv `k eQi eqm
KweZv wjLjv| GKmgq mvavib mw`RiI gvbyl gviv hZ |
138 |

AvR wPwKrmv wevb wLwZ gvbylKI Lvov Ki `o

`IqvQ| Gj bq nvRvi bq kZ wbivbeyB mvj, ZLb gvbyl
fyjB hve Man is Mortal Zv meZv 2010 PjQ|

wUwe Wvi
mw`b GK mwgbvi AvgwZ nq MwQjvg| D`vv
Denium Foundation, Gi Dk hv Avi Kz ivMx`i ivM
wbYq mwVK mbv I wPwKrmvq mvnvh Kiv| Guiv G ivMi mviv
wek Al~a weZiY I civgk w`q _vK iMx`i|
AvjvPbvq AbK welqi AeZvibvi iZ Rvbvjvg Denium
bvgi GK njv wbevmx cv`x GB ivMi wPwKrmvi myhvM wek bv
_vKvq hLb iMx`i AvwdKvi wbRb GK xc wbevmb `Iqv nZ,
Lv` mev ewZ`i Avmj gZi gyL Vj `Iqv nZ, mB mgq
wZwb ^Qvq G`i mevi Dk wbq ILvb hvb Ges wbRI
Avv nq ILvbB gviv hvb|
hv Avi Kz mK Avgvi c_g avibv Avm evgb `vm n ivqi
wcZvi mvBKj Po evRvi Avmvi weqKi GK cwZ `L|
IbvK `LZvg wmUi Dci nvj ai em AvQb, Avi GKUv evPv
Qj cQb _K avv w`q mvgb `ovZ| gRv cZvg ek|
KZ~njx Avwg gvi KvQ wRvmv Ki Rvbjvg Ibvi hv ivM AvQ|
mRb nU ev mvBKj Pvwjq AvmZ cvib bv| hvi nq hv, Zvi
bvB iv| cePb gyL gyL| Aviv Rvbjvg hv ivM Rxevby Kei
KijI wbgyj nq bv| esk ciivq ik _K hvq| IB cwievi
KD weq `q bv, gjvgkvI Ki bv| Ggb wK cwievii Ab
m`mivI iMxi _vjv evmbI eenvi Ki bv| Avi KziMx? m bvwK
Aviv fqi| m nqZv MvmUv nvZ aiQ, ivLvi mgq `Lv Mj
Avyji wKQy Ask Mvmi Mvq jM AvQ|
139 |

Ggwb me fxwZc` K_v b Avgvi wKkvi gb Nbv wgwkZ fq Mu_

hvq| wekhy diZ GK Wvvi Gjb G mgq ivRevoxZ| jvKv
exRi cye `igvi eov `Iqv QvU GKUv Ni| IUv bvwK hv
nvmcvZvj| iMx`i Rvbvjv w`q ivvi w`K Pq _vKZ `LZvg
fvejknxb PvL| fq Iw`K ZvKvZvg bv wZxq `dv| wUwe Wvvi
mvne evoxi mvgbi c_ w`q hvZvqvZ KiZb| g cvwievwiK
mKI Mo DVjv| wK wZwb evoxZ GjB Avgvi Mv wNb wNb
KiZv | wZwb h PqvqUvq emZb Avwg h_vme mUv Gwoq
PjZvg| gb eg~j avibv RbwQj Ibvi MvqI hvi gZv fqi
ivM RxevYy jM iqQ Ges PqviUvZI mjv wKjwej KiQ|
Avmj bvg (Kvb Wvt mvnveywb) Qvwcq ivRevoxZ Dwb cwiwPwZ
cq Mjb wUwe Wvvi wnmve| LyeB iwmK gvbyl| evox gvj`n|
mvbvw` bvB| Kvco Pvco LyeB cwicvwU| ermiv `ki evox
wMq Avg evMvbi h Ask cZb Zvi meUv myU cvUB eq
KiZb| ivZ evoxZB cwiwgZ cwigvb KviY evwi cvb KiZb|
Kve exR Ljvq Zuvi mgK Lye GKUv KD wQjb bv|
Ibvi evoxUvI wUwe Wvvii evox bvgB cwm nq iqQ AvRv|
Avgvi mvi jvK bv_ fvPvhi AvZK_vq wjwLZ Three
Satelite Gi GK m`m gvvi bxi` miKvi (whwb ivRevox
wgDwbwmcvwjwUi Pqvigvb wQjb) mB evoxUv Wvvi mvne Lwi`
Ki ILvbB evm KiZb| ( ivRevox wgDwbwmcvwjwUi Rb
deqvix 1923 mvj | cv_wgK hyM Pqvigvb wQjb gb_ mb,
jvK bv_ fvPvh, cjvb miKvi, Avng` Avwj gav, dKiDwb
Avng`, bxiv` miKvi, vb`bv_ cvvi |) cwiYZ eqmB Zvui
gZy nq| Kvb mvbvw` bv _vKvq cvwjZv GK Kbvi eskaiivB
eZgvb evoxUvi gvwjK| (AcvmwK Gme welqi AeZvibv ay gv
HwZnvwmK ew`i cwiwPwZ Zzj aivi Dk)
Avwg fvewQ cv`x Denium mvnei K_v| wejvmx Rxebi myL
mvM ZvM Ki, AvRKi cvcU bq| hLb hv, Kzi Ilya
Avwevi nqwb| mB mgq wKmi Zvobvq wbwZ gZyKB eib Ki
wbjb, wbRb mB xc mevi eZ wbq ^Qvq|
140 |

Avgiv gymjgvb| bexRxi Dc`k Rxe `qv Ki hB Rb mBRb

mweQ Cki| hx Avjvi cy, Pvi AvZv whwb cPvi Kib, Zuvi cwZ
kv _vKvi K_v bq Avgv`i, Avgiv Zv wekvmI Kwi bv | Avgiv
mZi cyRvix nqI KB Ggb GKUv bwRi iL hZ cviwQ bv|
Mvg M Pvjvnxb ewi gvS kvfv cvq cvKv cv_bvjq, cvki
evoxi RvqMv `Lj Kwi jvD MvQ jvwMq| GwMq Avwmbv mwZ
K_vUvI ejZ wkv `evi| GKRb wg_vkqx, weagx, bvQvivi
gvbweK KvR `L gv_v Avgvi nU nq hvq|
Avgiv eg~Zx f ^ag cwZv Kwi, Avgv`i gb Kvb iLvcvZ
Kibv MZg wbR wejvmx DcKiY, my`ix x-cy, ivR meB ZvM
KiQb gvbyli KjvYi c_ A^lY| Avgv`i KvQ G ZvMi
Kvb g~j bB ay gv Cki AvQb wK bB GB evLvi gZf`| h
wkx cvnvo KU KZ KzkjZvq GUv Zix KiQb Zvi wk Kg
fvZI AvaywbK weviK e_ nq| AZt hvi hv ag GUvI weki
mevi Abyiva Dcv Ki Abi agvbyfywZZ AvNvZ KiZ eva bv
Avgv`i|
cvwKvbx gymjgvb evsjv`kx gymjgvb`i cwZ wK eenvi Kijv
1971 mvj| Avgiv ay gv Avgv`i bvh cvcUzKzB `vwe KiwQ|
1965 mvji cvK fviZ hy AvgivB mePq ekx i w`qwQ|
bvnj mwZ jvnvi Kve mvq Pv cvbi ^c evevwqZ nZB
fviZxq Rbviji evOvjx cvBjU Avjg bv _vKj| hwKbv GKvB
AvUUv fviZxq wegvb fycvwZZ Ki| Avi eyK gvBb eua 500
UvsKi MwZiva Ki GB evOvjxivB | gv cuvP eQiB wK Ki fyj
Mj m K_v? wenvix`i `vl wK? Iiv ILvb gvi Lq wfU gvwU
_K DQ` nq Pj GmQ| GUvB I`i kl Avkq| ivRevoxZI
`LwQ evmvbi Afve ij BqvW mvwimvwi gvjevnx IqvMb
cwievi wbq evm KiZ| jvnvi Mvoxjv kxZi w`b Vvvq Rg
hZ| Migi w`b D nq Avb| ivM evjvB jMB _vKZv
mwbUkbi eev bv _vKvq| hw`I cybevmb Kiv njv, mUv I`i
Avjv`v fve QvKvi| Qwoq wQwUq _vKj nqZv mvgvwRK fve
Avgv`i mv_ wgk hZ| Zv njv bv| GK agi, GK `ki
141 |

evwm`v nqI Avgiv wef nq iBjvg| wenvix bvg NyPjv bv I`i|

1971 mvj Iiv cvwKZvbx`i c be GUvBZv ^vfvweK| Iiv
AvwkwZ, hw` nvZ A cvq Avi NU eyw bv _vK Zvnj hv Kivi
ZvBB KiQ| eis Avgiv hviv I`i mnvqZv wbq jyU KiwQ AvgivB
`vqx kZY| I`i Pq Avgv`iB `vwqZ wQj msLvjNy Zvgiv,
msLi Avgv`i mv_ wgjB Zvgv`i evm KiZ ne GK_v
evSvbvi|
Kvb mvnveywb (wUwe Wvvi) wZwbI gvj`n fviZi evwm`v|
ILvb Zvui evox Avg evMvb me AvQ Zv mI wZwb wgk wMqwQjb
Avgv`i mv_| wbib cmB Zuvi Avv wQj| Kve exR Ljvi
mv_x hviv gvwRZ wkwZ mgvRi evwm`v| Wvvi mvne Gu`i
msk GmB GKv nZ ciwQjb GB mgvRi| GLvbi
evoxUvI wZwb `vb Ki hvb ij cvvj wefvMi wcIb AwZ mvavib
GK AbvZxq cwieviK|

gb_ mb, e`veb P` `vm, Mvwe` jvwnwo Avi myeva wmK`vi

gb_ mbi wcZK~j mK Kvb Z_ GLb Avi cvIqv
me bq| Ze wZwb h fvMKzj Rwg`vii RvgvZv wQjb GUvB
Avgiv RvbZvg| DPwkvi Rb Kvjvcvwb cvwo `b Ges mgvR
cwZZ nb| cvqw KiZ A^xKwZi KviY (cvqwPi AbycvY
cMe h_v- `ya, `wa, Mvgq, Mvgy I gay)| x `yB Kbv mn ZuvK
cwiZvM Ki KjKvZvq Pj hvb| gvZv cyK ZvM bv KijI ^Z
142 |

Avnvi KiZb| gvZf cy mRb gvqi mevq `vm `vmx, Mvkvjv

Avi ZiKvixi evMvb Ki `b|
wekvj RvqMv Ryo eemv cwZvb Mvqvj` AvBm Gmvwmqkb hUv
mvaviY gb_ mbi eidKj bvgB mgvwaK cwiwPZ wQj| wekvj
cyKziUvi `wY cvoUvq emZ evoxUv we`kx wbgvbkjxZ Mov|
Rvbvjvq Wej cvjv KvV I KuvPi| kxZ hgb Vvv cwZiva eev
M Zgwb Zvc mnbxq chvqB _vKZv| wmwojv h_ eeavb
iL QvU QvU avci, hLvb Ibvi ev gv gv`yi wewQq gvS gvS
`ycyi q _vKZb| bywo cv_i weQvbv cyKzi cvoi wbR^ c_ w`q
wZwb hvZvqvZ KiZb hUv cvqkt ivjvi w`q gmb ivLv nZv|
c_i `yavi gn`x MvQ DPZvq wZb dzUi ekx bq| fZii
evMvb `ycvc dzjMvQ iseiOi dzji mgvnvi| cwkwZ gvwj
me`vB cwiPhvq iZ|
cyKzii Aci cvoUvq c`ghv`v Abyhvqx KgPvix`i mvwie evmfeb|
KgPvixiv ^ g~j ikb QvovI wPwKrmv myweav cZb|
RbwnZKi vbxq me KvRB wZwb `vbi nvZ evwoq w`qQb| zj
cwZvq nvmcvZvj I cvbxq Rj mieivn Zuvi Ae`vbi ^xKwZ ^ic
GK mgq GB knii wgDwbwmcvwjwUi Pqvigvb wbevwPZ nqwQjb|
mv`vwmav Abvo^i f`jvK Ggb gvbylUvKI ivZi Avuavi Avajv
BU Quyo K ev Kviv gv_v dvwUq w`qQ| GB AcKgwU eY wn`y`i
viv Ges cvqw KiZ A^xKwZi KviY GgbUvB avibv nqwQj
ZrKvj|
1947 mvj cyivZb ez I eemvqxK mKhy e`veb P` `vmK
mg m` iYveYi `vwqZ w`q wZwb fviZ Pj hvb| cvwKvb
miKvi k mw NvlYv Ki Ges 11 j UvKvq wZbUv cwZvb
KvRywoqv Iqj wgj, cv eid Kj (eZgvb nvRx gvKU) mn mg
UvB Uvii gvag nvRx MvjRvi nvmbi KvQ weq Ki|
gb_ mbi eid KjUvi Drcv`b gZv ivRevoxi Abvb mg
eidKji PvBZ wb wQj| Kv viRi gZv eid gRy` Ki
ivLvi eev m^wjZ GKUv wekvj wbw` `vgI wQj|
143 |

Avgv`i GB knii Avi GK ewZ e`veb P` `vm, wPiKzgvi|

cvkeZx novB b`xi K~j nwiYaviv Muvqi gvbyl| Pvlvev`i wei
mw QvovI knii K`j ek KwU evox| cuvPUv eidKj Pwek
NUv PvwjqI hLb eidi hvMvb w`Z wngwkg LvQ mB mgq
wZwb wQjb Mvqvj` eidi mvj GRU| evmv Avi Awdm
ILvbB| mvgvwRK fve mLvbI wZwb mgv`Z Avi cwZwZ| cU
Avjmvi nIqvq Acvikb Kiv, mvwK Avnvix|
ebi gvl Zvovbvi mgq Avi evwZK hUv wPiKzgvi`i cvqkt _vK
Zgwb ZuviI Nvov ivM wQj| AvK nZb weklZ wKQy `LjB|
Avi gZ DVZb ZvZB| wgvi _K bvgQ RUvavix GK mvay|
cvKovI Ki wbq Gjb wbR Wivq| _vKv LvIqvi XvjvI eev,
Aemi M| g mUv ezZi chvq| mvay Zuvi Rxebev DbvPb
Kib| divix Avmvgx _K mvayZ icvi| wngvjqi G cv _K
wn`yKzk ceZgvjv cwoq gvKivb Aji gnvZx_ wnsjvR gb|
mvay m I wbRb nvevm AvZ nq AvRKi mvayZ icvii
my`xN BwZnvm| hgb wewP Zgwb ivgvKi|
e`veb `vm mvayK Zuvi Rxeb K_v wjwce Kivi Abyiva Kib|
mg mivg Gb wbRb Ni Ave Kib| Dy nq mvay wjLZ
_vKb|
ewoq Avm AeayZi mvov RvMvbv giZx_ wnsjvR| wmbgvI
nq Dg Kzgvii Awfbq mg nq| ci ci Aviv AbK Kvwnbx,
AbK eB| ezZi wb`kb ^ic c_g eBUv mvay e`veb `vmi
bvgB DrmM Kib| cieZxKvj AeayZ Avi AeayZ wQjb bv|
hUv AZ vfi mv_B e`veb `vm cKvk KiQb| wbib cm
em Zuvi KvQ _KB Gme Kvwnbx bwQ| gy nqwQ| Avgvi gZv
Kg eqmxi mv_I Zuvi AvjvcPvwiZv wQj ezmyjf Lvjvgjv|
1971 mvji g gvmi kl fvM vbxq wenvixiv ZuvK ai wbq
bksm gRi wPgvi `ievi nvwRi Ki ZuviB `vbKZ RvqMvq Rjv
cwil`i WvKevsjvZ| wZwb `Zvi mv_B ejb GUv Avgvi `k
Qo hvevi ckB Avm bv| Avwg wPiKzgvi Avgvi AeZgvb Avgvi
m` _vKe G`ki gvbyli RbB hgb- h AwdmUvq Avcwb em
144 |

AvQb| Avi cvki cvewjK jvBeixUv Avgvi `vbKZ vbB

cwZwZ| gRi cyY ghv`v w`q ZuvK we`vq `b Ges wenvix`i
mZK Ki `b hb Ibvi Kvb wZ bv Kiv nq| hUv cvwjZ nq eU
wK ^vaxb evsjvq kvbv hvq m`i KviYB wZwb wbnZ nb| h
inm AvRv inmveZB iq MQ| wbieB wZwb nvwiq Mjb|
Avwg ^vwK, wbjvf, `vbkxj Avi AgvwqK GB gvbylUvK AvRv
kvi mv_ `ytL fvivv gbB iY Kwi| Avgv`i GB wZi
kni AviI GKRb ivRnxb Kzgvi wQjb Mvwe` jvwnwo, wcZv
RwUjki jvwnox, Zuvi wcZv wQjb P`bv_ jvwnwo, Avw`evm evbxen|
ckv-IKvjwZ m m~ ivRevox AvMgb|
m`i ivvq wekvj RvqMv Ryo mvgb AbKUv duvKv iL KviKvR
Kiv `vZjv evoxUvi w`K ZvKvjB evSv hZ evwm`v`i myiPx Avi
Avw_K mwZi wekvjZv| Nijv KvbUv MvjvKwZ, KvbUv
PKvbv| Qv`i Kvwbk jZvcvZv LwPZ wewfb wPvb QvovI
gyLev`b Ki Avjb iZ gyLvgywL `yUv evN| AaP`vKwZ NyjNywj
jv jvj, meyR njy` bxj KuvP emvbv, m~hwKib cwZdwjZ nZv is
eisqi gyQbvq | bvg P`avg wcZvgni bvgiB Acsk|
A_ m`i cvPzh _vKv mI Mvwe` jvwnwo wbt^ nq hvb
GKmgq| ebi gvl Zvovbvi evwZK ZvuiI wQj| AKZ`vi wgK,
Ljvayjv, ivRbxwZ meZB Zvui mZv| nvwZ cvlvi gZv wbRB
GKUv dzUej wUg MVb Kijb| BvY Kvei wbR^ cqvi wQjbv
Zgb| evBi _K AvbZ nZv| Zuvi cqvi evQvB cwZUv wQj
AyZ| `uvo Kwiq `LZb `yB nvUzi gvS h_ duvKv AvQ wK bv|
wgk Mj evwZj|
ZrKvji AvwfRvZi cZxK mvgim Avmw, gvZv, wcZv I cyi|
Kw_Z AvQ gvZvj nq gvq cvq evZj jvdvjywd LjZb
cii| cexbZg ew Kvjxc` gixi fvl Giv evZj LZb bv
LZb RvgevwU fi PzgyK w`q| Ibvi wcZv RUv jvwnwo `eb
wmsqi UvKv gi w`qQb GgbUvI gyL gyL iUbv wQj ZLbKvi
w`b| AvwgI ZLb kybwQ Avi GUv Avgvi KvQ hywc~Y gb nqQ
GRbB h, RwUj^i jvwnwo Avi `eb wms cvq cwZw`bB hZb
145 |

KjKvZvq dzwZ KiZ| gv `k eQi `eb wms wbt^ `Dwjqv nq

hvb| h wekvj A_ wcZv `~Mv bv_ wms whwb 1900 wLv ivRv m~h
Kzgvi BwbwwUDkbi wkKZv Bvdv w`q Mvqvj` Avi.Gm.Gb
Ges AvB.wR.Gm.Gb xgvi Kvvbxi PvKzix KiZb| Bs 1929
mvj Avgv`i GB Aj w`q h So eq hvq Ges K`i
(CONDOR) bvgi RvnvRwU cvq Wye hvq| xgvi Kvvbxi
Awdm Kvwj`x RvnvRUv m~Y jf nq hvq| hUv Kvvbxi
KvlvMvi wQj| H mgq wZwb Kvvbxi wekvj A_ wbq Pj Avmb|
RbkwZ njI GUv ZrKvj memZ fve MwnZ nqwQj| Kvjxc`
gixi fvlvq P`avg `eb wms Gi A_B cwZwZ| mZ njI
GRb Mvwe` jvwnwoK `vqx Kiv hvq bv|
me wKQy Qvwcq Avwg Mvwe` jvwnwoK fvj gvbyl wnmveB `LwQ|
eqmi eeavb mZI Zuvi mv_ Avgvi mnR gjvgkv wQj| Zvi
AmnvqZi Dcgv w`q wZwb AvgvK Dc`k w`Zb hb Avwg KLbv
bkvq Avm bv nB| kl eqm gv cvMj nq hvb| eviv`vq
fvejknxb PvL c_i w`K Pq _vKZb| `LjI Avi KLbv
Ievox hvB bvB|
gvMbvwjqv MvQ `yUv dzj h M QovZv AvRv Avgvi gb co eo
LvKvi MRj (whwb mvD_ AvwdKv _vKZb) bwQ mB gvqvgq
cwiek ILvb em|
1972 mvj KjKvZv Mj wni fvBqi KvQ msev` cq Mvwe`
evey nvUj GmwQjb| nvUj bv _K Ibvi wVKvbvq _vKvi
AvgbI RvwbqwQjb| Avgvi `yfvM m mgqUvq Avwg AbycwZ
_vKvq `Lv nqwb| 1947 Gi AvMB Ibvi `yB fvB wkwki jvwnwo I
webv` jvwnwo KjKvZvq wZ nb, kl Rxeb wZwb Gu`i AvkqB
KvUvb|
eZgvb evoxUvi mvgb mvwi mvwi `vKvb XvKv co MQ mw`bi
mePq my`i P`avg
A bachelor lives like a prince
But dies like a dog.
146 |

eva wkK`vi wQjb gvvi kZxl wkK`vii c_g cy, whwb gvUB
myeva wQjb bv| me`vB Zzixqvb` wefvi _vKZb| UvDb gei
Dii cvKv evoxUv Ibvi wcZvi| QvU fvB ev`j wmK`vi Ibvi
c`v Abymvix wQjb bv|
Avgv`i AvvLvbvq gvS gaB Gm `vKvbxK Kzg w`Zb|
Avgvi Qj`i cZKK GKUv Ki cuv` dji AgjU `vI|
GKmv_ PwjkUv wWg Mvgjvq duU wRwjcx fvRvi Kovq fvRv nZv|
wbR wcZvi KvQ _K A_ Av`vq KiZb wewfb cvq| Abybq,
Abyiva, DcivaI KvwLZ cwigvb bv cj ge zji gvV _K
Mi ai AvbZb| ivbv Nii ewU Gb wcZvK fq `LvZb Aviv
`vI bBj GUv KU MvnZvi cvc Kivev| i Mvq gL RvZ
Lvqve| mvZ cyili iie biKevm AeavwiZ| wcZv Amnvq Mv
nZv Ges esk ivq|
wcZv- hZ Kg w`q invB cvq cy hZ ekx Av`vq KiZ cvi| Avi
Avgiv ga^Z fvMx|

wbfZ gayi fvebvi Aemi

cyivbv w`bi wZiv Rgvq fxi
RIni jvj bni
ivZ AbK, G eqm Mfxi Nyg nq bv| fm IV gbi
Mnxb Pvcv co hvIqv hv ZLb iZ cvqwb Ggb AbK K_v| GK
GK mi mi hvQ| avivevwnKZv bB| AvMiUv ci ciiUv
AvM| iZ cvQ hUv fveZ PvBwb GgbZiv KZv wKQy|
147 |

Kvb duvK kvgmyj Kwig Lvb gbUvK AvQb Ki djjv| Avgiv

fvj ez wQjvg| wK ZzwgZ bvgvi AvMB wewQb nq MwQ| KweZv
wjLZv cx mvnvi Pci `vKvb| fvv Uwej, fRv Lwoi auvqvq,
PvL Rjv, Lii nMvj| eMv gvKv wmMviU m Qvov nRg Kiv
Avgvi gZv MuvRviiI nZv bv|
KweZvjv Qovi gZv, Avevi MfxiZvI wQj| GKUv KweZv co
IK ejvg Avcwb GKw`b weLvZ neb|
mPj hv wKQy ZvB Rxe| b`x mPj m Rxe, Zvi Me wi, mvMi|
gvbylI mPj Zvi Me wi, gZz| wiZvq hvevi j wbqB mevB
GwMq PjwQ| wK gZzZv Avgv`i j bq|
Avgiv euvPZ PvB| ^xq KxwZi gvS| mvb Rb wbj Lywk nB,
Avgvi Avwg euP _vKev GB PZbvq| Kei euvavB Kwi ZvI wUK
_vKvi Rb| ZvRgnj Mwo mZv ggZvRK euvPvbvi Rb bq|
mvRvnvbiB euvPvi ZvwM`| jZv euP _vKv| wK PjwQ wiZvi
j| hv Kvg bq wK AgvN|
ejwQjvg weLvZ neb, nqwb| KvMR bvg `wLwb, QvcvI `wLwb|
KqK Mv fvB evbi msmvi| wcZvi mvavib Avq| gb nq dzwoq
MQ| wK Rvwb wiZvq bv hvevi j wgwjq MQ wKbv|
AvgviI wgwjq hZ BQ Ki bv| cieZx j KvwU cRbi
avivevwnKZvi Askx`vi Avwg| Avgvi mB Aski wP _vKe bv G
Avwg gvwb wK Ki?
Avgvi QvU fvBUvi AvMvgx ej wKQy iBj bv| Avgvi `v`vi `v`v,
Zvi `v`v, G`i GKK ^v KB?
iex`bv_ mvbv w`qB Lvjvm|
AvKvk Zv Avwg ivwL bvB gvi
Dwoevi BwZnvm,
Zey DowQby GB gvi Djvm
nuv, Avgvi `v`v wQj, Zvi `v`vI wQj, wK GKK ^v Zv`i Avi
bB| GZ Avwg mvbv cvB bv| AvZZzw Avm bv| wK Pig e`bv
Avgvi| `g dzivj Vym|
148 |

hw` mUvB Pig Avi cig mZ nq _vK Zvnj wKmi ZvwM` Kvb
ciYvq Rxebi AbK Kvgbv, evmbv, Avqm wemRb w`q mB wbgg
weiZvi cv cuQ hvwQ? Avnvi ZvMx cyil GB AvevK Avgvi
Ac~YZv Avgvi bv cvIqv fwiq ZzjZ cvi bv| Avi m Zvobvq Zv
Avwg PvwjZ nBwb|
kvgmyj Kwig weLvZ nqwb wK wkK`vi Avwgbyj nK nqQ|
KvMRi mvwnZ cvZvq GKvwaK _vK| nvwKg wgqvi Pvqi Avvi
K_v nqZv Zvi iY bvB| Vvv f` gvbylUv| Kwei gZvB AvPiY|
cqvi Mvb bZ KLbv mLbv Zvi evox MwQ| GKUv Mvbi kl
wKQy weiwZ wKQy cvbvnvi, wKQy K_v| ZvZ cwZUv Mvb Avjv`v AvgR
mw KiZv| ewk `yi GMvevi AvMB wcZvi e`jx m~ Pj Mj|
ebRxi Avng` UvKbi (mv`K fvii KvMR) mv_ Zvi NwbZv
ewk wQj| `yeva KweZvi ggv_ Iiv eySZv, Avgvi gv_vq AvmZv
bv|
Lye A eqm _KB eo`i Avvi cQb emZ Avgvi fvj
jvMZv| evoxi cvki nvUj `k we`ki KZ ckvi KZ av`vi
jvK`i AvbvMvbv| wewP ckvi mB me gvbyliv AvgvK fxlY
AvKlY KiZv| cvwi enviviv Aemi `wo cvKvq Lo weQvbv PUi
weQvbvq em| Avwg mLvbI Xy gviZvg| fvj jvMZv- mwZ, MuvRv
meB| eo`i fxo Fifth Brother whwb wcZvi cg mvb,
AvdZve fvB, jvwnwo `v, Lyiig fvB, gxi mvne Giv Avgvi gbi
AbKUv Ryo iqQ|
mevi Pq fvj jvMZv gwR` fvBK, evnwgqvb Pjv, ejv| KLbv
Pzj `vwoZ gyL `Lv hvq bv Avevi KLbv fyi ev` me mvd| `yMg
fyZzo wZb gvBj c_ cvwo w`j cvi Zxi evox| So, ew,
Agvemv, c~wYgv, Avv KvgvB bvB| mevi AvM mKvj `kUvq mevi
kl we`vq mUv wbavwiZ bq, ivZ `yUvI nZ cvi| KuvPv ivv
Kv`vq cvPcP| jvkKvUv Nii Mv Nl hLvb wkqvj cPv jvk
wbq Kvgov Kvgwo KiQ| kkvb GKUv, Mvivb `yUv Avi RvMZ
Kvjx gw`i cvk dj gwR` fvB evox wdiZv| NUvq NUvq Pv
wmMviU| fvM AvwgI cZvg| bwQ PvKzix KiZb, `wLwb| fvj
149 |

g` me welqB cwZ ew| Ggb AbK QjK cvk Kwiq w`qQ

wbRB m wekvm ivLZv bv| ekx covZv bv `kUv A, wZbUv Kgb
cojB 30 gvK| cvk| BsiRx, f~MvjI ZvB| _vW wWwfkb cjB
njv| Lye bg Mjvq K_v Am~Y, klUv gv_v LvwUq eyS wbZ
nZv| gwR` fvB K_v ejvi mgq ZvB Avgiv mevB Pyc Ki hZvg|
im fiv K_v| Kvb, gMR Lvjv bv ivLj im gvwU| mvZ dzU j^v,
dzUej Ljvi gvV wniv wK Amyweav GKUvB cvqi gvci eyU cvIqv
hZ bv|
e`yKi wbkvbvq wRg KieU| Kzgbv `evi bZzb bZzb cwZi
DveK| hw`I Avgv`i eqmi dvivK wei Zey Avgiv Avmj ez
wQjvg|
Lye me eo mvne wei nq e`jx Ki `q gv`vixcyi| mLvb
_K AvgvK wPwV wjLZv ixwZgZ mvwnZ Kg| Ggb k Pqb Avi
evKi MVb kjx eo gvci mvwnwZK Qvov cvBwb| Avdmvm
^vaxbZv hy AbK wKQzi mv_ Zvi jLvjvI cyo hvq|
ZLbKvi w`b Avgiv cvq gvmB bvUK g KiZvg| AekB Mvd
Kvgvbv wnivBb w`q| ivRevoxZ GK we`ylx x Gjb 2nd
officer Gi| gwnjviv Zuvi cwiPvjbvq mevB wgj wmivR-D``jv
bvUK g Kieb| wkx, `kK me gq| cyil bU GjvD AwZ_x
cyil GKRbB m`i gnKzgvi `gyi KZv|
AvdZve MU w`q XyKZ wMq evav cj cywjki| cyil wbwl|
AvdZve hyw `Lvq hnZz Gm.wW.I cyil mnZz Avgv`i evav bv
w`q IbvK ei Ki w`j Avgv`i ejvi wKQy bvB| gnv MvMvj|
kl `yPviUv Wvvi evwo Lq Avgiv wdi Gjvg| gwR` fvB eyw
w`j j^v `woi gv_vq Avajv eua BjKwUK Zvii Icvi wXj gi
cvi Ki `| Gevi iwk ai Uvb, `L wK nq| `yB Zvi GK nq
vK gi Avb QyUjv nj gyLv, Kv_vq wmivR Avi Kv_v Avjqv|
Avgiv mevB Avvq MonvwRi| GUv h `e `~NUbv bq mevB
eySjv| wK mv cgvY cvIqv Mj bv|

150 |

Gnb gwR` fvB AvRv euP AvQ| eyK Acvikb `yB L|

cvkUv wmMviUZv LZB| Avgv`i gwR` fvB Pj MQb Kvb
^vi bv iLB |

wewP me mxiv Avgvi

wekl Pwii hv`i msk Avwg GmwQ Zviv mevB cvq
e_ gvbyl| nvDBevRxi gZv m Ki EgyL cibB ZZwaK eM
ccvZ aiYx Zj| wgwjq MQ wbwglB DjZv| Ggb`i Avwg
fyjZ cvwiwb| GgbivB Avgvi wZZ Aq nq AvQ| hviv mdj
ZvivZv Avi `kRbi mv_ ZdvZ wKQy bq| e_Zvi msv, cq ab
nvivbv| mdjZv Zvi DvUv| Giv mwVK mgq mwVK c`c
avc avc DV hvq| welq Avqm G`i Z Ki| e_ gvbyliv
AvZZwZB wefvi _vK| nvivbvi e`bv, wKQy nZ bv cviv G`i
KvQ vqx bq|
Avwg Kvb `j, AvZ weklY mnR bq| Avgvi me g` KvRiI
hyw `Iqv hvq| h Qv cvki QjUvi LvZv `L cixv w`j, m
wbR cvm Kijv eU wKy IB QjUvi cvk KivZv VKvqwb| hyw
w`q wbRK gni chvq fveZI cvwi| fvj hw` wKQy KiB
dwj gbi AMvPiB jvwjZ nq cKvwkZ nevi jvf, hUv
mvgjvbvi gZv gvbwmKZv Avgvi bB| ZvBZv Avgvi KjwZ
Aavq ivwL, ivR bvgPvq mPZb PZbvqB AvuPo ivwL bv|
mgik emy wjLQb eo `i mv_- AvQv Avgiv hw` mwZ K_v
ejZ cviZvg|
AvwgZv `e`vmi gZv cwgK fvwe wbRK wK P`gyLxi DcwwZ
mhZ Avovj Kwi| GUv wK mZ K_b? wZ K_v, GZv wbRi
KvQB wbRK Qjbv| mr mvnm bv _vKj gb Gjv ej cyibv
151 |

Kvmy`x bv NvUj Kvi wK Gm hvq? Zvi Pq _vKbv meB wbi|

ei cvKvi PvBZ k Avwg wKm?
mwi avivevwnKZv Kvb m gej Pj AvmQ Abvw` Kvj nZ?
Avw`g nvgvbe Lv`i msvb KiZ Rxeb evRx iL wkKvi
KiQ| Svwcq coQ wnsm ci mvgb| wbR cRb Ag ZvKI
Askx KiQ| mB fvjevmv wQj wbgMvgx| AvRI GB GKB aviv|
fvjevmv, gbi Kvb KvY Zvi evm? wki nvZ cvqi mvjb
`LB wK? c, cvwL, KxUcZ mevi avivevwnK PZv GKB| Kuywo
gyKzj hZw`b bv cyYZv cvQ MvQIZv ZvK k euvab iua ivL,
cybZv cj eb wkw_j Ki Qo `q|
heb fvj jvM, fvjevmv RvM| KvQ KvQ meY _vKZ BQ
nq| fvjevmvi RbK nvivq KZRb AvZnbbi c_I eQ bq|
wbRK wejxb Ki `q `n bq Ab GK PZbvnxb mvq| Kgb
Ki?
wmwKi evRvi
i_Lvjv, KvZvqbx Lvjv, evZvmv cw, `yaevRvi, SvjvB
cw, Nvl cw Avi GKUv jvnvi PvKv jvMvbv `vKvb, hUv KvQ
`yii gjvq Ub bIqv nZv gvli Rvqvj RyuZ GB wbq wmwKi
evRvi| gvwjKi Ab Avqi Drmi mKhy nqB GB bvgKiY|
KvZvqbx cyRvq hvv Avi DuPz bneZLvbvq ev`Kvi`i mvbvB, Kuvmx
m GK Gjvnx Kv `k w`b| `yii KvQi gvbyli Xj w`evivw| abx
eemvqx mvnv mc`vqi D`vM GB cyRvi AvqvRb|
webv`cyii RvwZl fvRb ivRvb _K bKvhvM Avbjb i_|
KviKvRLwPZ wcZji QyU Nvov `ywUi IRb wek gbi Kg bq|
VvB njv GLvbB| Nbkvg ` ZrKvji meenr `vZjv `vjvbi
wbP `vKvb Avi Dci Zjvq Avevmb Mob| Qv` mKvj mvq
cyRvi NUv awb I Djy Djy Avi bcvjx `vovqvb m`i| evRvii
Abvb Aski gvwjK wQjb XvKvi KuvPzjxi Rwg`vi Avi evbxeni
152 |

evey wMwiRv ki gRyg`vi| wbR wbR GjvKvq evRvi mg Kivi

j wbie GKUv cwZhvwMZv PjZv Rwg`vi`i gvS| dwiqv`i
LvRbvq Qvo Avi Mni myweavRbK vb emvi e`ve Ki w`q|
ZLbKvi w`b 64 cqmvq 1UvKv 16 Avbvq GK UvKv| 12Uv Zvgvi
dyUv cvB A_ev PviUv eo Zvgvi cqmv 1 Avbv| cvb 80Uvq 1 weo|
Avg Avevi 125Uvq 1kZ aiv nZv| Avi 16 cqmvq Pvi Avbv ev 1
wmwK| b`xi RjKii GB wmwK Aski gvwjK Avi bvqe wQjb
Kvjxc` `vm| Zuvi gvwjKvbvq evRvii GB AskUvi bvg nqwQj
wmwKi evRvi| ewikvji evbixcvov _K AvMZ GB gvbylUvi `qi
wekvjZv wKse`xi gZv| Avovj evvj ejjI cKvk ivRv
mvne LvwZ Gb `q| ez gnj evox evox gvQ Dcnvi cvVvbv wQj
Zuvi bwgwK| Avi.Gm.K.BwDwwUDkbi nW gvvi jvK bv_
fvPvhi Kbvi weevn AwZw_ Avcvqbi Rb cvVvjb `ogb
IRbi `yUv iB Avi AvwkUv eo Bwjk| Pbv APbv wec`M
gvbyli cqvRbvwZwi D`vi nvZ wgwUqQb cmbwP| DwKj
gvvi KZK cZvLvZ nq APbv gvbyliI Rvwgb nqQb ZrKvj
`k nvRvi UvKvi| AvRKi gy`vgvb hv KbvKI nvi gvbvq|
ezgnji gx msNi mg cqvRb wgwUqQb cmbwP| vbxq
msMn QvovI ewikvji wbevm _K AvbZb eQi wZb kZ gb Pvj
hv AwZw_ Avcvqb ewqZ nZv Mo cwZw`b GK gb| ewZi
^ZI nwini AvZv wgDwbwmcvwjwUi Pqvigvb I gvvi wbiv` P`
miKvi Avi mgvRi c_g mvwii kx wbevib PeZx Three Stelite
weklb AvLvwqZ nb me gnj| Ze Ab `yRb Gui A_ I
jvKej GuU DVZ cviZb bv|
Avgvi mvi jvKbv_ fvPvhi fvlvq mvavibi gvS Amvavib
GB gvbylUvK wbR GjvKvq wZwb `vm evey`i mv_ idv Ki
Avevmbi eev Ki KvQvKvwQ iLQb wbRi| gnvZv GB gvbyl
Kvjxc` `vmi Rxebi cwimgvw eoB KiY| g`c `yB cyi
GKRb Zuvi RxekvqB gviv hvq| Ab cy Mvwe` `vm KjKvZvq
Pj hvq| GKgv Kbv mnjZvi weq DwKj Ag~j Kzgvi `vmi
153 |

mv_ w`q ZuviI Rxebvemvb nq GKw`b| fviZ wefvRbi ci Kbv

fviZ Pj hvq ^vgx mn|
KvjxKzgvi `vmi evoxUvi Aevb mwVK Z_ bv cjI avibv Kiv nq
eZgvb Wvvi nvmb mvnei evoxUvZB Zvi Avevm wQj| eZgvb
gvwjK`i Z_ Abyhvqx ILvb QvU eo 37wU Ni Avi weivU GKUv
PevPv AvKvii cvKv Muv_ywb wQj hUv gvQ wRBq ivLvq eeZ
nZ cvi| eVKLvbvUv Kvjxfeb evUv ivW |

BqvKze nvmb
1947 mvj Rbve BqvKze nvmb KjKvZv _K Gjb|
wPiw`b GKv evm KiZb mRb Zuvi cwievi AvQ avibvq Avm bv|
hw`I eevwnK m~ Avwgivev` ebw` cwievi wQj bwQ| wZb fvB
Dwb eo, gR Aveyj wgqv QvULvU eemvq KiZb | QvU fvB b~i
nvmb Iid mvbv fvB mevi KvQB wcq wQjb Awfbq cwZfv I
dzUej Ljvqvo wnmve| ivRevox gvV mvbvi KYvi wKK Avi
UvKbi nW cev` nq hvq| bvU RMZ BqvKze wgqvi Kivbxi
Rxeb bvg fywgKv Abe`| KvweZvI AvewZ KiZb | Avwg GKmgq
bRiji bvix KweZvi cvV wbZ MwQ Zuvi KvQ |
ZvRgnji cv_i `LQ,
`wLqvQ Zvi cvY ?
Ai Zvi ggZvR bvix
evwniZ kv-Rvnvb
cswUvi evLv Kijb bZzb GK AvwK, hvi AtwbwnZ A_ mc~Y
bZzb Avgvi KvQ | `qgI nqwb gg hv wZwb ejZ PqQb |
Gevi ZvRgnji fZi wMq Zuvi K_vUvB gb coQ | evBi Avwg
ZvRgnj `Ljvg ayB kvRvnvb K | hLb ggZvRi Keii cvk
Mjvg mwZ mUvi Aevb ZvRgnji Mfxi Ai wVK gwaLvb |
ZvRgnji Aii AjB ggZvR |
154 |

KjKvZv vBj New Fresco bvg GKUv iziU `b,

mLvb evMvWyjx wQj | wbw` b^i wbw` cvBR cvIqv hZ| wK
mgmv Dwb cvBc nvZ evBi meY Unj w`Zb| gd^j knii
KviviB eyKi cvUvq KzjvZbv ILvb Pv, wWg AWvi `evi, AwPiB
MYk Dvq ZvB| Ab wKzQZB `vKvb fvov `Iqv me bv nIqvq
ij cvi MZi Dci gvPv cZ Ljv ayjvi mivgi `vKvb `b
Ges mUvB Zuvi AvevmI eU| cyibv Ruv`ij me cwiPvjK dzUej
wUg PvjvZb GLvb| Dwb K bv cq wbRB Avj njvj bvg
wUg MVb Kib| 8/10 Mvj LjI cieZx LjvqI wUg bvgvbv
KvgvB w`Zb bv|
KjKvZvq Bata Company Z Pvgovi YvY cixKi
PvKzix KiZb| Kve MVb KiQb mLvb| nvmb kwn`
mvnivIqv`xi mv_ ivRbxwZ Z hy _KQb| Avgv`i cwZ Zuvi
h Kibv wgwkZ DbvwmK fve cKvk cZv G Zv ^vfvweK|
ivRevoxi cvU PzwKq XvKv vqx nj Pvgov ivbxKviK KvvbxZ
PvKix KiZb| Ibvi weklZt cwZ C`I KvievbxZ ivRevox
AvmZb| Ibvi ciYv Ges ZvwM` Avgiv Wvbjc nji m`miv
cvvex AvdRvj KvZi weivwaZv mI C` cybwgjbx Abyvb
KiZ mg_ nB| 1958 mvj ivRevox eemvqx mwgwZi c _K
wZwb wgwjUvixi BQv gZ g~j eua `Iqvi weivwaZv Kib | mZZv
Ges mrmvnmi Rb wZwb Avgvi kvi cv wQjb|
Rjco cvZvbo

vb Kvj cf` bvB, gwblx, wk mevi fvebvq mgZv|

Zgwb GK gZzc_ hvx 6 eQii wki K_v| cevm `ei ek
my`~i RvgvbxZ Ave`yjvn Avj nviyb (wU, wf LvZ Ave`yjvn Avj
gvgybi fvB) DjL KiQb| gZz wbwZ Rb Zv`i kl mgq
gZyK mnR Ki Avwjb Kivi gb gvbwmKZv Zix Kivi fvi wbq
155 |

wQjb| kl mgqUv m `Iqv Zgb mnR KvR bq| evPvUvi mgq

DcwZ| KuvPi Rvbvjv w`q ewi duvUv MvQi dzj, cvZvq `vjv
w`Q| evPvUv Rvgvb fvlvq weo weo Ki h `yUv k DPviY
Kijv WASSER FLIEBT, BLATTER SCHUTTELT
SICH evsjvq hvi A_t Rj co cvZv bo| Kx AyZ wgj | Avgiv
Aek Rvwb GUv iex`bv_i Qj ejvi jLv, evcviUv Zv bq, GUv
Cki P` we`vmvMii | mUv co iex`bv_I cyjwKZ nqwQjb|

KgiW Av fivR
KgiW Av fivR eveyi mv_ Avgvi cwiPq mncvVx
KgiW bwRei ingvbi m~ ai 1956 mvj| Avgvi ikb `vKvb
DfqB gvSgaB AvmZb| bm&wm UvbZb `yRbB| bwRei coqv
Qj| cvq A`j e`j Ki Avgiv coZvg| wK ivRbxwZ wbq
Avgvi AvMn Zgb wQj bv| Avgvi mv_ `yRb evg ivRbxwZKi
Avv ckvmbi bRi Kvo Ges civ fve AvgvK mveavb Kiv
nq| wPwVc wZxqevi AvVv jvMvbv `L eySZ cvwi Ijv Lvjv
nZv|
bwRei zj covKvjxb mgqB GKevi wbLuvR nq| fviZ Nyi cwg
cvwKvbi jvnvi ek wKQyw`b KvwUq evox wdi Avm| iji
kwgK bZv Ges Abvb ivRbxwZwe``i msk Gm evg ivRbxwZi
m m nb| Wvt Gm.Gg. Bqvwnqv whwb wbgZjvi Wvvi wnmve
weLvZ wQjb| mKj ivRbxwZwe``i cwZ mnvbyf~wZZkxj| mvnvh
mnhvwMZv Ges gnvbyfe GB ew LyeB kq wQjb mevi| Avqye
Lvbi e`xZ GovZ bwRiK wZwb evgv hvevi myhvM Ki `b|
bwRei ILvb _K fviZ Pj hvq Ges bvjevox Av`vjb hy
nq wenvi Aj wbnZ nq| Av eveyi mv_I Avgvi mK `vev
Ljvi mv_x wnmve| Dwb Rj Rxebi cyivUv mgq ivRbxwZi `xv
Ges `vev Lj KvwUqQb| Avi Avgvi eqm 19 civqwb KvRB
156 |

ay GK evi Qvov KLbv ZuvK civwRZ Ki Pwqb c`K Avwg

cvBwb| Ibvi Rxeb K_v Rvbvi Pv ZLb Avgvi _vKj wek` meB
RvbZ cZvg| Zey mfvM ekZt Ibvi ^n wjwLZ `ywU cvywjwc
Avgvi nvZ Avm LyeB mvcwZK Kvj| AcKvwkZ GB jLvq Ibvi
cvwievwiK Rxeb, ivRbwZK Rxeb cvq meB weaZ| ZviB msw
A jLvq mshy Kivi Pv Kiev| wZwb `evZx Pexi gvZv
kxgwZ mvwex Pexi KvQ _K GKUv jvBeix Kivi Dk
RvqMv Lwi` Kib| Kgj ni x kxgwZ mweZv ni bvg|
wZwb I Kgj evg ivRbxwZi mv_ hy| ivRivl Zuv`i KLb Kv_vq
Kx AwbwZ Aevq dj GB Avkvq wfZi gnj Kgj cwievii
Avevm Avi ewnivb GKUv cvVvMvi vcbi DkB `ki evoxi
Rwg wexi A_| KgiW Kgj ni mv_I Avgvi h_ `Zv
wQj| nVvr KiB Zuvi gZzZ Av eveyi kl BQvUv c~iY nq bvB|
Avwg 1971 mvji Gwcji kl w`K mvBevoxqv Kgj`i evoxZ
hvB LuvR Lei wbZ| ILvb Avevey, we Aviv AbKi mv_B
Avgvi `Lv nq| cwikv c_kg Kv AvgvK Wve co LvIqvbvi
Rb Kgj D`vM bevi gyZ ivRvKvii `j evoxUv jybi Dk
nvgjv Ki| mevB cvwjq hvq- KD weji avb LZi Avj ai,
KD Gw`K mw`K| fvix kixi wbq Av eveyi c ewk `~i hvIqv
me nq bv| Dwb aiv cob| wbweKvi fve eaf~wgZ bevi c_I
wZwb nvwiq hvIqv Pkgvi LuvR KiQb Pkgv Qvov nvUZ cviQb bv
ej| vbxq jvKiv Puv`v Zzj IbvK ivRvKvi`i gywcY w`q iv
Kib| BsiRx 1914 mvji 21k deqvix kwbevi mvq dwi`cyi
Rjvi MvcvjM gnKzgvi (eZgvb MvcvjM Rjv) Dbwkqv Mvg
fivR evY cwievi Rb bb| wcZv DgvPiY fivR, gvZv Ab`v
my`ix `ex| wZb fvB GK evb| eo evgvPib fivR, gR
Kvjxib fivR Kve evKiY cyivwnZ Zx_, QvU-Avevey, mevi
QvU evb exbvcvwb Iid cyZzj| KvKvZv evb gbyw`w` Aveveyi cuvP
eQii eo| Ibvi gvK cvovcokx QvU evPviv mevB eo gv ej
WvKZv| `Lv`wL wZwbI wbR gvK eo gv ejB m^vab KiZb|
gvZv Kvb w`b ay gv WvK kvbbwb, mKjiB eo gv wZwb|
157 |

wkKvj _KB wZwb `yi cKwZi wQjb| Av`ii AvKlY e`x nq

Kviv KvjI _vKZb bv| QUdU KiZb| myhvM cjB cyKzi
cvo bqZv Rji w`K Pj hZb| kl euvki PUv w`q Luvqvo
Zix Ki ZuvK ivLv nZv| wcZv eo gvK ejwQjb GLb Zv e`x
Ki ivLQv eo nj e`x Kie wK w`q? Ii KvwZ AbK duvov
AvQ| wcZvi ckv Kvw, wVKzwR ciwnZ|
XvKvq e RRgvb wQj Ges fRnwi mvnv xU `evi GKUv evox
wQj| XvKv _K h cbvgx AvmZv ZvZ GB enr cwievii Pvj,
Wvj, Kvco-Pvco wKQyB wKbZ nZv bv, eis wex Ki Abvb
cqvRbxq mvgMx Kbv PjZv| Pvi eQi cyY bv nZB wcZv gviv
hvIqvq KvKv eo`vK XvKv wbq hvb| KviY GB RRgvbx I
ciwnZB cwievwiK Avqi cavb Drm| Mvgi evoxUvi AvqZbI
wekvj| cvq 22 GKi RvqMv Ryo| Mvg 20/22Uv Uvj I msZ
Ges Abvb wkvi eev wQj| Mvgi Ges GB cwievii Aevb
LyeB mvbRbK| cyivKvj _K hyM, gvMj, cvVvb, mvgvRi
AbK wb`kb mg RbemwZi BwZnvm| e kZvxi eYev` c_vI
cej wQj eY wn`y Ges wbg kYxi gvS|
KvKvi mv_ eo fvB XvKvq cwZv cvevi AvMB cuvP eQii gv_vq
KvKvi gZz| eo fvB Ab jvK wbqvM w`q XvKvi KvR PvjvZ
_vKb|
evsjv 1327 mvj wgvi hvevi c_ c_g mvBKj `Lb| wgvi
mnhvx cwievi gby w`w`K `L cQ` Kib Ges 12 eQi c~Y bv
nZB mB cwievi KvKvZv evb gby w`w`i weq nq hvq|
Uvji msZ wkvq Zuvi AvKlY wQj bv| mRb KvgvB KiZb|
eo`v XvKv _K Gm Ibvi wR`i KviY eva nqB BsiRx zj
fwZ Ki `b| ZZxq kYxZ 1926 mvj KvUvjxcvov BDwbqb
BwbwwUDkb 13 eQi eqm cZv Ges BsiRx wkvi i|
cZvi mgq mvbvi Zvi AvswU BZvw` cjI KLbI Avi eenvi
Kibwb| wK evoxZ Ab cyil bv _vKvq cyRv APbv BZvw` Ibvi
KuvaB Pvc| weaev gvqi nwelvb wbivwgl LZ LZ klgl gvQ
gvsmi cwZ Zuvi AvMn Avi _vK bv|
158 |

cieZx Rxeb GUvB Zuvi eo mnvqK nqwQj| mvivUv Rxeb wZwb

wbRB ivbv KiQb Ges wbivwgl Lvevi Af nIqvq Rxeb
mnRZi nqwQj| mvaviY Kvco Pvco, Abvo^i Rxeb aviv, GUvB
Zuvi Rxebi mv_ wgk wMqwQj| UwiKvUv Pzj eveyqvbv `Lj
mviivI Ryjwd ai Uvb w`Zb| wejvmxZv cwievii KZvivI cQ`
KiZb bv| GUv Aek Zrmgq evsjvi meLvbB GKB wP ejv
hvq| bvwcZi mvgbi ev `yB nvUzi KuvwPKj Pzj KvUvi AwfZv
meLvbB GK wQj| K`gQvU Qvov bvwcZ Ab KvwUs RvbZv ejI
gb nq bv| bvwcZi fvZv Lyi KuvwPZ Kvbi Mvovq Z, Ggb
KKi AwfZv Avgv`i meviB GK|
Avevey l kYxZ covi mgqB KsMm ^QvmeK evwnbxi m`m
nb| ivRbwZK Rxebi i GLvb _KB| mg kYxZ covi mgq
wcKwUs Kivi Aciva _vbvq cywjki gviavi Lvb| gvi Lvevi
cwZwqvq Ibvi gb Pvcv vai Rb `q| Gi cwZkva bevi
msKI `vbv euva gbi Kvbvq| Kvjxc` bvgi vbxq GK ew
miKvii c Pii KvR Ki Rb IUvK kl Kivi cwiKbv
Kib| bZv`i KvQ A Pq `ix Kiv mn nq bv| gb cywjki
wcUzwbi Avb wbq wbRivB D`vM wbq Qviv msMn Kib| GB
wgkbi `vwqZ bb Av fivR, Ag~j Payix Avi iwmK `vm| c_g
w`b iwmK `vm Avi wZwb Kvjxc`i hvZvqvZi c_ Iur cZ _vKb|
wK ZvK cvIqv hvq bv| KqKw`b ci Ag~j Payix Avi wZwb
Kvjxc`K cvb Ges Qvov Avgyj we Ki Kvjxc`K nZv Kib|
mw`b iwmK `vm Ibv`i m wQj bv| gZzi AvM Kvjxc` Ag~j
Payixi bvg ej wK Ab K wQj wPbZ cvi bvB Rvbvq| Ag~j
Payix cjvZK nq| Mvgi Abvb e jvKi mv_ iwmK `vm
MdZvi nb Ges cywjki wcUzwbZ Aciva ^xKvi Ki ivR mvx nb
Ges wZwb wbRI Av evey m wQjb ej bvg cKvk Kib| wePvi
iwmK `vm Qvov cvq Avi Av eveyi duvmxi ivq nq| Ag~j PayixiI
duvmxi ivq nq Abygvb Kwi Ze wZwb cjvZK _vKvq ZuvK aiv hvq
bv|
159 |

cieZxKvj Av`vgvb gb kl 1974 mvj KjKvZvq Ag~j

Payixi mv_ Av eveyi `Lv nq Ges fviZ miKvi h cvb
^vaxbZv msMvgx`i Rb miKvix evox I gvwmK GK nvRvi UvKv fvZv
`evi AxKvi Kib Zvi Ave`b c mn AveveyK ^vi `evi
Rb wcovwcwo Kib| weevwnZiv gZyi ci cvlivI fvZv cve|
ij webv fvovq hvZvqvZi myweav QvovI AbK jvfbxq cve
ZvZ wQj| wZwb evsjv`ki bvMwiK mKviY G myweav bevi
AwaKvi ivLb bv| GUv Zuvi bwZKZvq gb _K mvov cvb bv|
AbK wcovwcwo mZI wZwb Ave`b c ^vi `b bvB| fviZ
miKvii fvZv be Avi evsjv`k em ivRbxwZ Kiev- GUv MwnZ
KvR|
Av evey wbR Mvg mevi KvQB f` bg Ges zj jLvcovq mybvgi
AwaKvix wQjb| my`i wbvc 15 eQii evjKi Rxeb weePbvq
ivq wKQyUv wkw_j Ki hvexeb Kvivevmi wmv `Iqv nq|
dwi`cyi RjLvbvq Kviv AvBb Ges Kq`x`i KVvi kgi KvR
wZwb cwZev`x wQjb| `wbK Avavgb Mg clvB, cvwb Zvjv, Zj
fvvbv BZvw` KvR MvwdjwZ Kivq ZuvK wewfb aibi kvw `Iqv
nq- Wvveix, Kvjv Uzwc, evjwZ fiv wRIj gvQi ga cv Pzweq
KuvUvi LuvPv LvIqvbv, Mig wUbi Dci `uvo Kwiq ivLv Kvb
wKQyZB ZuvK ekZv ^xKvi bv KivZ ci Z-wei nq eqviv
GB Kq`xK XvKv Rj e`jx Kiv nq|
dwi`cyi cvki kj ivwnbx eoqv bvg GK duvmxi Avmvgx whwb
Mvqvj` `vivMv nZvi `vq `wZ wQjb| Avi m ivq mLbB
KvhKi nq| H mgq Mvqvj` Mr. Allen bvg GK BsiR wbnZ
nq wecex`i viv| wZwb mB Avmvgx aviYv Kiv nq|
XvKv mUvj RjI Zvi KvjvKvbybi cwZev` I Kzg Agvbi
KviY wbhvZb Kiv nq| wmv bIqv nq eqviv GB Kq`xK
Av`vgvb cvVvbvi| mB Dk KjKvZv Avjxcyi Rj vbvi
Kiv nq| wZxq wekhy i nq MQ ZZ w`b|
ivRbwZK bZv`i Pvc Av`vgvb _K wKQy Kq`x fviZ diZ
Avbv nq Ges exq gx cwil` m`m`i mw`Qvq Kq`x`i Avi
160 |

kgi KvR `Iqv nq bv| G mgq wKQy Kq`x hvi ekxi fvM mgq
KvivfvM KiQb Zuv`i ` gIKzd nq| wK Ibvi nq bv| KviY
wnmve ejv nq GKevi duvmxi ivq gIKzd Ki AbyKv Kiv nqQ|
KvRB wZxq evi AbyKvi myhvM Dwb cveb bv|
1947 mvj `k wefvMi ci wZwb wbR Mvg Avmb eo gvqi mv_
`Lv KiZ| ZZw`b Avjxcyi RjLvbvq, hUv ivRbxwZ wkvi
wekwe`vjq bvg cwiwPZ nqwQj Ges wbqwgZ gvKmxq wkvi Kvk
nZv| wZwb evg ivRbxwZi mv_ GKvZ nb| evox Gm cvwUi wmv
gvZveK ivRevox Avmb| cvwKvb miKviI h_vixwZ KwgDwb
cvwU eAvBbx NvlYv Ki Ges `ki wewfb vb cvwU m`m`i
wbgg fve `gb Ki| cywjki cwZ wb`k wQj wcUzwbZ gi
djvi| ay gv `wnK gbvejB wZwb mB AZvPvi mn KiI
euP hvb| gvwRUi KvQ wcUzbxi AwfhvM gvwRU Reve `q
Zzwg euP AvQ GUvB wK h_ bq? Avevi e`x Rxebi i|
1956Z gyw| Avevi 1959Z MdZvi 1967 mvj ch| me
wgwjq Rxebi ewkwU eQi KvivMvii Aivj heb Kkvi KU
hvq|
evsjv`k ^vaxb nq| fviZ miKvi wewUk weivax Av`vjb kixK
me ivRbxwZK`i Av`vgvb mji wbhvZb Ges mLvb GKUv hv`yNi
DbvPb Kivi Dk mKj wbhvwZZ e`x`i bvgi ZvwjKv djK
DbvPbi Avgb Rvbvb| Av evey mB `j kixK nq Ibvi
mne`x mngZv`kx ez`i wbq ivvZ (RANGAT) RvnvR
Av`vgvb cuuQvb|
`ytLi welq e`x bvgi ZvwjKv wjwc I Zuv`i cwZ wbhvZbi weeiY
bv cvIqvq wewUk mfZvi wbggZv Avgv`i KvQ Aby iBj| GK
e`x dRj nK Lqivev`x whwb Kvdbi Kvco KvV Kqjv w`q Rj
Rxebi K_v wjL wQjb Ges 190 eQii fviZ `Lji BwZnvm
GKgv eojvU Lord Mayo Av`vgvb wbnZ nq| Zvi wek` wKQy
RvbZ cvijvg bv|
^vaxbZv msMvgx QvovI BsiR`i cwZ wew nq mvavib Pvi
LybxivI h ewMZ fve BsiR Lyb KiQ Zvi Dj `v GUv|
161 |

kx Rjai mbi Rxeb K_vq cvIqv hvq KwjKvZv nvBKvUi GK

wePvicwZ Mr. Morman-K Avy&jvn bvgi GK cvVvb KvU
cvbB nZv Ki| Avi Av`vgvb Lord Mayo-K nZvKi
wmqvi Avjx bvgi GK Lybx e`x | (jvnvii Mayo Road GB
wbnZ eo jvUi bvg)
1757 _K hZ Kq`xK ILvb cvVvbv nqQ, wbhvwZZ nqQb
Zv`i msLv wekvj njI bvg cwiPq Avgv`i Rvbv `iKvi|
ZvivZv Aveveyi gZvB Avivg Avqk, hRgvbx mvb, cvPzh Rxeb
heb Kvivivj nvwiq djQb| Avgv`i AbKiB ILvb hvevi
mfvM ne bv| civaxbZv gvbZ PvBwb ej Avgv`iB Dim~ix
hviv GK mf RvwZi `vwe`vi`i KvQ _K KZUv wbhvwZZ nqwQ,
mfZvi gyLvki Aivj wK wnsmZv Avgv`i wc KiQ| Av
eveyi gZvB Aviv kZ mnm `kcwgK cywjk _vbvq Ges RjLvbvq
h wbhvZbi weeiY wZwb wjLQb wcwUq gi djvi Kzg w`Z h
KzwZ nq bv Zvi `q nxbZvi cwigvc Kivi mva Avgvi bvB|
^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mvj `k Lv`vfve `Lv `q| nvRvi nvRvi
gvbyl jvBb w`q `yB mi PvDji Rb ivZ _K Acvq| Av evey
I Ggwb Ki PvDji msvb KiQb| evoxZ AwZw_ Avmj bZzb
Ki Avi ivbv ne bv| hv AvQ ZvB fvM Ki LZ ne Ggwb Aviv
AbK cwZZ msmvi PjZv|
Gmgq `ki ivRbxwZZ weivU cwieZb `Lv `q| Rvm`, wmivR
wmK`vi, menviv BZvw`| GB mg miKvi weivax`i kvqv Kivi
Rb Av eveyi fvlvq AvbQvi evwnbxK (?) miKvi cPzi gZv `q|
Giv ckvmbK Gwoq wePvi wefvMi Zvqvv bv Ki kZ kZ
gvbylK wbyi cvq nZv Ki| Avgvi QvU fvBKI wcwUq nZv
Kiv nq hvi Z AvgZy kjwe _vKe Avgvi eyK|
Av fivR eveyi wZxq wjwcZ nuqvjxc~Y GKUv weeiY cvIqv hvq|
Avgvi ivRevox evmv bevi ciB Avevi Avgvi wcq cyivb fyZi
Avwefve njv| wKQyw`bi ga fyZ Zvi GK evex cZx hvMvi Ki
djjv| Zvnv`i evPv njv Kgj n Av`i Ki bvg ivLjv
wKwmvi, wbb, Mvvgvqvi| fyZ ^vaxbZv msMvgi mgq GLvb
162 |

bigvsk Lvevi myhvM cqwQj| GB evoxZ Avmvi ci fyZ mvgwqK

fve Amy nq ci| wbfyw` hZ Ki fvj Ki| 1975 ch Zviv
Avgv`i evoxZ _K hvq| Avgiv hLb evmv e`j Ki Ab hvB
fyZK mv_ wbq hvevi Pv Kwi fyZ Avgv`i mv_ Mj bv|
nvmcvZvj _vKvi eev Ki 2 eQi ci gviv hvq| e Abymvb
Ki RvbZ cvwi fyZ bvgi GKUv KzKzi wQj hUv mgi eveyi evoxZ
cvwUi jvK Avmj wKQy mvov w`Z bv| wK Ab jvK KvDK mn
KiZv bv Av eveyiv evox Qo hvevi mgq nqZv m mgi eveyi
wdi Avmvi AcvZB _vK| m Zvi Avmj gwbei Acvq
Rxebi kl ch GLvbB _K hvq| kZ PvZI m Av evey`i
m hvq bv| cfyf GB KzKziUv AvgZz Zvi GB cfyi Acvq
_K Mj wbwZ Avnvii cjvfbI m ZvM KiQ| Amy Aevq
mev cjI m cfy gb wbqwQj mgi eveyKB| DovKv`vq whwb
ivM KvZi gv `yB gvBji eeavb _KI Zvi cvk `uvovZ
cvijv bv my` `yBRb cy ivbx Kzy Avi GB fyZ|
evSv hvq Av evey 1975 mvj ch mgi eveyi evmvqB _vKZb|
Wvvi Rvwn`K mgi evey evoxUv wexi eev wbZ ejb| cjvZK
Aevq meZt Wvt Rvwn`K Power of attorney ej gZv
`b| Wvt Rvwn` Av eveyi KvQ _K KLbI fvov bb bvB|
15B AvM 1975 Gi ci Avevey KjKvZvq hvb| eo fvBqi Qj
bMb fivR Dgv ij kb gvvi, wKQy w`b GLvb evm Ki
hv`ecyi gR fvBqi Qj gq`i ILvb _vKb| 1977 mvj
Rvbyqvix gvm evsjv`k wdi Avmb|
17B Gwcj, 1993 mvj evsjv 1400 mvji 4Vv ekvL GB gnvb
gvbylUv cw_ex Qo gnvcqvb Kib|
evsjv`ki Dbkxqv Mvg h mnvevb wP cvB, mKji wgjwgk
AvZxqi gZv evm| mgq Zv KZv cv hvq Zvi GKUv wP Ibvi
jLvq e`bvi gZv AvNvZ Ki| Dgv ij kb gvvi Ibvi eo
fvBqi QvU Qji evmvq wZwb wbR Zveavb gv cbi w`bi
ga evmMn cybt wbgvb Kib| wK fvBwS cvij Zvi evexi mv_
163 |

bexc eovZ hvevi mgq Av evey m hvevi BQv cKvk Kivq g

e Ki Kv_vI hve ejj GKMv`v jvK mv_x nBZ Pvq|
Ibvi Rxeb AbK wbhvZbi PvBZI GUv ggy`| gv GK cRb
KZUv bv e`j MQ me|

gvvi gkvB mgi wms

gvvi gkvBqi c~ecyil beve Avjxex Luvi KgPvix wnmve
Avmb my`yi gyui Rjv _K| Ibvi c`ex _KB evSv hvq Zuviv
G`kxq Avw` evwm`v bb| wmivR-D`-jvi cZb nj evsjvi
ckvmwbK wbqYg KjKvZvq K`xfyZ nq| mLvbI c~ecyil
BsiRi KgPvix wnmve Kg Kib Ges BsiRxZ `Zv ARb
Kib| Rwg`vi kYx fy cvskvi P`bv ZxieZx KvPvixZ wcZv
Dc`bv_ wms KvR KiZb|
ivRevox gnKzgv kni, wePvivjq, KvU KvPvix Ges ckvmwbK eev
Pvjy nj DwKj evi GKRb BsiRxZ vbmb jvK cqvRb
nIqvq PvKzix wbq wcZv Dc` bv_ wms ivRevox Pj Avmb|
mbKv`v cavb moKi cvk emZevwo vcb Kib| DwKj evi
Ges emiKvix ivRevox KcviwUf evsK (hUv eZgvb Azi
KjwRqU zj) G PvKzix Kib| Rcy hZx` bv_ wms nvwgI
Wvvi wnmve ivRevox evRvi cvKwUm i Kib (mUv eZgvb
gav gvKU)|
ZZxq cy Agj`y bv_ wmsn fviZi KbMi wZ nb| gvvi
gkvB AZ gav mb wQjb| weklZt BsiRx Mvgvi Ges
GvjReivq AsK welq Hons cixv w`qwQjb| wkv RxebB
ivRbxwZi mv_ RwoZ nq cob Ges cixvq AKZKvh nb| wcZv
GZUvB weic nb h, Ibvi Lvevii _vjvUvq jvw_ gvib| mw`b
_KB wZwb Rxebi m ivRbxwZK GKvKvi Ki djb| Aviva
164 |

nq IV Rxeb bq, efe bq, wbcxwoZ gvbyli gyw, KwgDwbRgi

c_ GB wekvmi|
myhvM wkK wQjb Avi.Gm.K. BwbwwUDkbi| wK evg
ivRbxwZKi msme Qv`i gvS msvwgZ nIqvi ARynvZ
wkKgjx, cwiPvjKe` mKji weicZv cKvwkZ nIqvq mi
Avmb mLvb _K| Dwb _vKj KZ mvbvi Qji Rb nZv
Avgv`i GB QvU kniwUZ mUv Avgiv hviv Zuvi hvMZvi kZvski
mv_ cwiwPZ ZvivB GKgv Abygvb KiZ cvwi| Avi hviv Zuvi
mvvr Qv wQj Zuviv mKjB ^xKvi Kieb Zuvi ewZi cikB
Zuv`i AvRKi mvgvwRK Aevb| mePq jYxq welq wZwb
jyvwqZ AwMMf wPbZ cviZb| ivRbwZK wklZ ewi PvBZ
cwZev`x gvbyl Zix Kivq Zuvi Drmvn I ZvM Acwimxg| `yjvj,
Kvjy, bwRi, ev`j Aviv KZ kZ Zuvi cik mvbv nq MQ| Zgwb
Ibvi GK fve wklK Avwg hLb ejjvg h, wZwb cik cv_i wQjb|
wkl cwZev` ejb- bv wZwb Avmj hv`yKi wQjb| Ibvi m
gjvgkvUv Avgvi wcZvi AcQ`bxq wQj| AvgvK eviY Ki `b|
KqKw`b A`kb wZwb Avgvi LuvR wbq KvQ Avmb| wcZvi
Av`k RvbZ ci bvg wVKvbv Rvbjb| `yw`b ci wcZv AvgvK
wbR _KB hvIqvi AbygwZ w`jb| GUv hv`y Qvov Avi wK nZ
cvi? Dwb Avgvi wcZvK hv`y KiwQjb|
wPib n fvj Qv nIqv mZI msmM wkv wegyL nq Ag
kYxZ `yB mveR dj Ki| jvq, `ytL zji cvVI PzwKq
dj| gvvi gkvB ZuvK wbR evoxZ iL covb Ges AvRKi
wPi Dvb nq| wZwb wPi m KLbvB ivRbxwZ wbq AvjvPbv
Kib bvB| GZB evSv hvq wZwb ivRbwZK ejewi Pq gvbyl
Movq cvavb w`qQb ekx| hw`I wP cieZxKvj ivRbxwZK
wnmve Avwef~Z nq| ivRevox KjR wfwc Ges XvKvq wkv Rxeb
QvjxMi DP Avmb| m Ab avivq| gvvi gkvBqi ivRbwZK
Kgavivi wecixZ|
Ibvi eoxUvq `~i `~i _K ivRbxwZwe``i Avmv hvIqvi gvS kvw
mb, x Aibv mb, cy Pj mb, gvLjQyi ingvb, mZ g,
165 |

bwRi ingvb, cvebvi gvt kwd wgqvi Avmv hvIqv wQj bwgwK
evcvi| Avi wQj iji kwgK bZv ig Avjx wgqv hUv mKji
KvQ GKUv A^wZi fve cwijwZ nZ|
cvwUi Kvhg, cv I Dk msv GKUv mvvwnK ILvb _K
cKvwkZ nZv hUvi mvb GLb Avi cvIqv me bq|
1956mvji ci Av fivR Ibvi evmvq _vKZb| gvvi gkvq
evBii Ab Kjv MvQi Pvl Kib| ivbv Avevey fvj wkLwQjb|
evMvbi Kjv MvQUv `wLq Avevey ejQb Avgv`i Zv Rxeb
weq njvbv | GB KjvMvQUvi Pvicvk Pvi w`q m Avkv cyiY
Kwi | Avevey XvKv Rj _vKvi mgq wPI Rj wQj| wPi gywi
mgq Avevey Rj cvIqv GK cvUjv Kvco gvvi gkvqi Rb
wPi nvZ cvVvb| GZv `Zv mI hLb Av`kMZ KviY `yRb
`yB avivq wef nq hvb ZLb ezZI dvUj ai| Gi ciB gvvi
gkvB AvZMvcb Kib| gvvi gkvB ejQb- Avevey GLbZv
Avgv`i GKmv_ emevm Kiv Pjbv| Zvi ciI evoxUv wew nIqv
ch Avevey ILvb _vKZb| AcvmwK njI GLvb Avgvi
mZvi wKQy Ask _vKvq DjL KiwQ| gvvi gkvq Gi QvU fvB
Agj`y wms KbMi Pj hvevi AvM cwK wfUvi wbR Ask
ZuvK wjL w`q hvb| gvvi gkvB AvZ evmi mgq dwi`cyii Wvt
Rwn` mvnei KvQ evoxUv wexi `vwqZ `b|
GKRb Zv wnmve Avwg KgiW gvLjm fvBqi KvQ
wMq Wvt Rvwn`i ILvb Avgvi m cwiPq Kwiq `evi Abyiva
Kwi| hw`I gvLjQ fvB ZLbB ejwQjb Avwg m _vKj Zvgvi
KvR bvI nZ cvi | ZeyI wZwb Avgvi Abyiva m wbq Wvt
Rvwn`i m Avjvc Kwiq `b| Wvt Rvwn` Rvbvb wZwb ivRevoxi
Aemicv mve-iwRvi we.Gg. K mvneK GKgvmi mgq w`q
K_v w`q djQb Ges mvgbi gvmi c_g w`b Zvi gqv` kl
ne Ges wZwb IUv AvgvK `eb K_v `b| gvm cvi nevi ci Avwg
Uwjdvb Ibvi mv_ K_v ejvq wZwb Rvbvb cvwievwiK Pvc wZwb
Zvi fvMwb RvgvB BqvwQb KjRi cdmi KvRx BKevj dviKi
fwMcwZK evoxUv w`Z eva nqQb|
166 |

gvvi gkvBqi Rxeb K_vq GUv AcvmwK njI IUv Z`ewa gvvi
gkvBqi evox wQj| Wvt Rvwn`i ev KvRx BKevj dviKi fwMcwZi
bq| hUv Av fivR evey Zuvi AvZK_vq ^xKvi Kibwb| mUv
AvgvK cxov w`qQ|
mb ZvwiL gb bB| eZgvb AvKei Avjx gwR mvnei evox|
RvqMvUv ZLb duvKv| iex` RqZx D`hvcb Abyvb Avwg gi
KvQB| gvvi gkvB iex` Kve `k I wbcxwoZ gvbyli K_v,
welqUv wbq my`i ee w`wQjb| nVvr wcQb _K GKUv eo wXj
Ibvi wcV AvNvZ Ki| hUv Avwg Ges `yPviRb Qvov KD eySZ
cviwb| _gK wMq Avevi ee AZ msw Ki kl Kib|
Gi ci Avi Zvi `Lv cvB bvB| AvZMvcb Aevq KLbI nqZv
cQb _K A_ev Kviv gyL Ibvi DcwwZ RbwQ ZvQvov wKQy bq|
gvvi gkvBqi AvZ evmi mgq wPib n I GKmgq ix
evwnbxi nvZ _K iv cvevi Rb cjvZK nq DovKv`vq Avkq
bq| hUv wPi ivRxwbwZi k wkwei Ges fqi KviY wQj| gvvi
gkvB Aj _K mLvbI wPK iv Kib| GKevi gv
Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg w`q PjwZ c_i cw_K GK gvIjvbvi ek
cvk KvwUq Pj MQb| GZv KvQi gvbyl nqI wP Zuvi K^i
Aeqe wKQyB eySZ cvi bvB|
gvvi gkvB Rxeb KLbv mywi nq cvwievwiK cwiek evm KiZ
ciQb wKbv mUv ejv hvq bv| kl RxebUv Zv Abvnvi Aavnvi,
ivM Avv| mLvb mev cvIqv `~ii K_v wbtkB e`bv
fvivv gb wbq Pj MQb| 7B bf^i 1975 mvj| few`qvi
Mvkvjvq Zuvi Rxebi myL wZ hw` gb co _vK mUv Rvix
Kzyi evox hLvb evg Wvb me ivRbxwZK`i AfqviY wQj|
mLvbB wZwb Kbv cvb, evb cvb| cyivbx KzK| hLvb Zuvi
Acvikb G eyK Pov `n| wPi Avgvkqi iMx| ev_ig _K Gj
nvZ jM _vKZv Mucas hv ayjI hvq bv| Avyji duvK Nvqi
Z ^ZI wcZmn Ilya `Iqv, Mvq Zj gLmvb Kivbv me
mev cqwQjb| cyi wcZvI Avc fi ejQb- wbRi
evcKI m Ggb AvwiK mev Kiwb|
167 |

gvvi gkvBqi BQv wQj QvU fvB Agj`yi mv_ cyi weq
`evi| eqmi eeavb wei, mRb cwiYwZ cvqwb mUv| whwb
Dvi gZv Avgv`i Lye KvQ GmwQjb| huvi AvjvQUvq wKQy Rb
^vi ivLZ cviQ mgvR| Zuvi me KxwZ few`qvi gvwUZ mgvwnZ
Aj wbfZ 7B bf^i 1975 mvj| nvwiq hvIqvq Avc bvB|
wZ PZi gyQ Mj `ytL cvB| ZvMx GB gnvb bZvi iY Zuvi
Abymvix Ges ivRevox knii axRb Lwjdv cwi ^ cwimi
vbUvK mgi wms Pi ej NvlYv `q | Zuvi GB wZ wPK
wKfve vqx Kiv hvq Zv GLb mevBK fvev `iKvi|
Qjejvq Nvovq Pov
Avi `kUv wki gZvB fvj bv jvMjI eB wbq emZB nZv| ge
zj hZ c_i `yavi wekvj wekvj mb MvQ| `yRbI eo
cvIqv hvq bv| eo ivv njI K`vwPr Pjvi mx cvIqv hZ| c_
co nvmcvZvj hLvb _K Avb bv Ki nvZ cv KvUv iMxi
`gdvUv wPrKvi cvqB kvbv hZ| c_i avii LycixUvq wb`vb cvIqv
iMx`i fvejknxb Pq _vKv WveWe PvL| Avi Wvbjc nji
mvgb wekvj RvgMvQ| Rvrmv ivZ mv`v kvwo co cZx gvbyli
nvo wPweq LvQ gMWvj cv Szwjq, GZv AbKB `LQ| 5/6
eQii evPvi GB c_UzKz coZ hw` Mv Q Qg Ki _vK ZvK fxZz
ejv hvq bv|
GKUz jvqK nZB mvivw`b IB RvgMvQi _vKv _vKv Rvg Lq
wRe Kvjv Ki djwQ| eb ev`vo Mve cqviv LqB cU
fivZvg| evZvex jey co AvM dzUej Lj wbq big nj Avnvi
ce| jebi cvUjv cKU me mgqB gRyZ _vKZv| elvKvj Mvg
M Wye Mj Mvgi NvovjvK `ygvmi Rb eIqvwik PoZ
Qo w`q hZ gvwjKiv| Avgv`i `ji mevi Kvgo `wo gRy`|
evPz gvvi, Avwg, AviI Kviv GB `j wQjvg- GK Kv`i Qvov Kviv
bvg gb bvB| eocyji cP mvZ NUvLvbK Suvwcq Pj hZvg
jvKvkWi Iw`K PZiv wej| NvovZv euvavB AvQ| w` cj
168 |

kvcjv dji wewP hv cvB ZvZB cUUv fwiq wbZvg| Avagiv Ki

djZvg RvbvqvijvK| IivI wbweev` Avgv`i AZvPvi mn
KiZv Zv wK bq| KuvUvebi avi PjZ PjZ _gK `uvwoq co
dj `evi Pv KiZv| wbPz MvQi Wvj euvwaq cvb gvivi gZvI
wec` djZv| Zvi kvwI cZv Aek wbgg fve evNvZ|
nqZv mvivw`bgvb cvjvg `veovbv| Avgv`i mevi cvQvq eo eo
Nv, nvwi Zv LZ LZ| ivZ Nywgq coj gvqi Pzb njy`i
cyjwUk w`q UvUKv wPwKrmv| wK ci w`bZv Avevi `M`M|

LvKv
b~i KzZze Avjg Payix
mvgj AvdZve
MZKvj LvKvK ivvq cq evox wbq Gjvg| GK ZzLvi
eemvqx Pwjk UvKv w`q MwQq w`qQ GK KUv Mxb wU| LvKvK
ejvg Zvgvi gb co wK wUwdbi mgq Mvox avjvBqi ILvb _K
wewo Kzwoq LZvg| wZ mB ^v` Mxb wU Lq Abyfe Kwi Avevi
Gmv|
Kvm dvBf cwo ivRvi zj| fviZ fvM nIqvq ivbvNvU _K Ii
fvBqi PvKzixi myev` Gjv| gv evev bB| fvBqi KvQ _K eo
nQ| jLvcovqI fvj| wK zj _K wUwdb Svc Svo wewo
LvIqvUv Ii KvQB nvZ Lwo nq Avgvi| Avgv`i ezZ Mfxi Ges
mRbZvi eb Ave ZLbI wQj bv AvRI bB|
Ii evmi Ni AvgvK wKQy mgq KvUvZ nqQ eyKi aodovbx
_vgvZ| mI Avgv`i Avvi wbqwgZ m`m wQj|
iex`bv_i GKwb f| gvq nvZi jLvUvI ivwe`xK vBj
KmiZ Ki i KiQ| Avgiv GRb IK cvZ wU KiZvg bv|
`yRb AvdZve fvBK wbq Mfxi kvi mv_ Avjvc Kijvg| Avgiv
cvq 30/40 Rb AvvevR wnme bvg wKbwQ| eo`i dvBdigvk
LvwU Lywk gbB| mevB Avcbvcb ewk Dj|
169 |

mevi Pq AvdZve ^Z| meUv bcbv gnvfviZ Zzj| mI Gjv

fviZ _K| wefvMi m~ ai AvMgb Ggb me mncvwV`i KvQ
_K wewo LvIqv c_g cvV Avgv`i| AvdZve fvB `yB Kvm Dcii
Qv| AvMi w`b Dcii Kvmi Qv`i mv_ wgkj kvw cZ
nZv| G c_v fvjv AvdZve c_gB| bbx eveyi Pzjvi Avb _K
wewo awiq Avbvi Kzg QvovI GUv IUv KZ wK|
Pvi fvB, evb GKUv| Avgvi gR evbi mncvwV| evev wewUk
`vivMv| Pnviv Mvd me wgj| Mjv ZvI| Qj wcjivZv eUB
c_PvixivI evoxUv Gwoq Pj| Gnb evci QvU Qj AvdZve|
mwZKvii cwZg~wZ evci| wK GK Nig `v cxi be be Pt|
cwiYwZ evM gvbvbv Avi Nvo Zovbv| KvRB G Aevq hv
Aekvex ZvB njv| idv njv AvdZve ay LZ cve evoxZ|
euvwKUv His His Whose Whose|
cywjk fvBUvi LuvwK nvdcvU, QvU evbUvi QvZv GB Zvi wbZmx|
nvIqvB mvUUv Szj LvUv, `gKv evZvm bvwfi jwUm ewoq
coZv| Lvwj cv| QvZvUv iv` ewi Pq A wnmve eenvi nZv
ekx| GK Avbv cj Nl Nl avi jv gi ivZ Kzwci Avjvq
eyov Kvb `vKvbxi KvQ MQvZ cvij wZb Avbv jvf| ZvZ Pvi
w`bi wewoi msvb wbwwZ|
AvMvQvi gZv eo DVZ jvMjv| Ze bv ZvK MiZ `q
gvwoq, QvMj `q gywoq, Ggb cwiwwZZ ciZ nqwb| QvZv
AvQ bv? zj, Avvq, Ljvi gvV meLvb Zvi wbfxK c`PviYv|
idvix dvDj aijv bv mUv h `jiB c nvK Ii cwZev`
QvZv| GiB gvS mg`b KweivR cy wc.K. jvwnwo Gi mv_ mgq
Amgq ivvi cvk MvQi Qvqvq eB Lyj cvV PPv KiZ `LZvg|
gvwK cvk Ki Mj| AevK nevi Aviv euvwK| ivRkvnx _K
we.Gm.wm.I cvk Ki Mj| ZLbv Zvi mvw_ nvdcvU LuvwK iOi|
AbK w`bi AbycwwZZ Avgv`i Avv _gK Mj bv| nVvr Gm
nvwRi| cyiv mvnex cvkvK cov f`jvK| Avgv`i Rb GbQ
200wUb _x Kvmj| Pvqi Rb bM` UvKv| wmwbqi`i Rb wejZx
g`| GBZv mw`b C`i gq`vb bvgvR kl Uzwc cZ Cgvg
170 |

mvne, Cgvg mvne ej mvwie gymjx`i _K Puv`v Zzj cKU

cyijv| mB AvdZve?
f` Rvbv Mj Kig| P I A Z Stuart nqQ| we`k hvq|
AXj Kvgvq| XvKvq evmv wbqQ| evoxIqvjvK eD evci evox
AvQ ej | evoxIqvjvi mvg gq `yB wZbUv Ni|
ivZ weiZ bZzb bZzb gq Avm| KD evb, KD ev kvjx
cwiPq| wewjwZ KzKziUv ch g` Lq gvZjvgx Ki|
evoxIqvjv KiRvo GKw`b ejjb- AvdZve mvne Avwg Rvwb
Avcwb weq Kib wb| euvKxUzKz ejvi myhvM wZwb cjb bv| PUcU
AvdZvei Reve- ejb, wK nvRx mvne XvKvi me gnjvZB Avgvi
ki evox AvQ| ejyb AvR Kvb GjvKvi eD `LZ Pvb?
AvdZve Avm, hvq, eziv gyL e`jvZ Ii ILvb hZ| `ki
cwiwPZ KvDK cj evoxZ wbq hZ| Mvox fvov, UvKv avi ZvI
`e| KZ ez KZ wbj wnmve m ivLwb| bjvg weq KiQ|
Avb` njUvi KvQB evox| AXj m`i gvwjK| PvKzix Qo
ivRbxwZ aijv| ZRMuvI GjvKvi Pqvigvb| jvKwcq, cwZcw
me Kivq|
Avgvi mv_ GKw`b c_ `Lv XvKvq| Avgvi Zvov wQj wK invB
cjvg bv| m` Uc iKWvi GbQ (ZLb GLvb Avmwb) AvgvK
w`q Avew Kivjv, bvjv, eD `Lvjv, LvIqvjv, GLb KvRi
K_vq- Kb GmwQ XvKvq? G.wR Awdm _K PK wbZ ne|
500/= UvKv eDK ej UvKv w`q w`j| ej I Avwg wVK Ki wbe
ZzB hv| 1960 mvj hkvi Airport-G `Lv, cwiaq `bZvq
weeZ AvgvK ewmq w`j Cockpit-G, Canteen-G wMq XvjI
Kzg, QvU fvB Avgvi hLb hv hZUv Pvq, `e | Bill Avgvi|
wbqwgZ Avm Mvox wbq| evPz gvvi PvjvZ wMq Lv` dj Pzigvi
Ki w`j| Kvb weKvi bvB| iLv KzwZ nZ `Ljvg bv Kcvji|
wK h njv, dzUcv_i Pvqi `vKvbxi GK gqK weq Ki djjv
nVvr| AvMi eDqi mv_ QvovQvwo| PvKzix m` meB nvZQvov|
cvki ewZ bZzb Avevm| m RxebI mnR Ki MnY Kijv|
AakZ eQiI _vKjbv Avgv`i gvS |
171 |

QvU cvY QvU K_v

QvU QvU `ytL K_v
bvwn eYbvi QUv
NUbvi NbNUv
bvwn Z bvwn Dc`k|

evOjvi Y bv Yx AvRgLvb
evM`xcvovi AvacvMjv `xcKB wQj cye cvwKvbi GK
mghi Mfbi jdUvbvU Rbvij AvRg Lvbi eUv | wgwnMjvq
Leii KvMR eP eovZv m|
dwi`cyi cwi`kb kl AvRg Lvbi wekl UbUv ivZ GMvivUvq
cuQvq ivReox kb| AZ ivZI gvbyli fxo, hw`I mKvj wZwb
mevi mv_ nvZ wgwjh MQb GKevi| ewMZ mwPe Gmgq wZwb
wekvgiZ Rvwbq mevBK kv _vKvi Abyiva RvbvQb| `xcK
nvZi MvjvcUv ZuvK w`q Abyiva Ki wewe mvnevK `evi
Rb| `xcKi WvK Avm fZi hvevi| wdiI Avm GK mgq
Mfbi nvDm hvevi AvgY c Avi eUv bvg wbq|
Mfbi nvDm AwZw_ nq m hvq| iji PvKix , Avi cwievii
m`m fy nh gvhi Rb wei Dcnvi mvgMx wbq wdi Avm|
AvRgLvb `xcKK AvgZy cyer mn w`qQb| wbR `k wMqI
cbi wUwKU cvwVq eUvK wbq MQb cwievii m`m`i
mgchvq| Avcvhb kl AXj Dcnvi mvgMx mn `k diZ
cvwVqQb|
my`yi cmvix cweKbv wbq cvq cvq Avhye Lvb MYZi mgvwai
Dci wbR Avmb cwZv Ki cwmWU nq em GKw`b| hUv cye
cwKvbevmx KLbB gb bqwb| Avi Zv m fvj KiB RvbZv|
172 |

mRb cwg cvwKvbi Kvw`qvbx Av`vjb wbg~jKvix KVvi kvlK

jdUvbvU Rbvij AvRg LvbK G`k cvVvq Mfbii `vqx
w`q| eOvjxiv cvwKvbi gjvKvwL bq Ggb avibvI Zuvi gb
Mu_ `Iqv nqwQj|
cKwZMZ fveB Avgv`i gvbyl kvw wcq| fvjevmvi nvZ evwoq
w`j Avwjb euva| wZwb G`ki gvbyli msk Gm GUv
Dcjw Kib, Zuvi cye avibvI cv hvq| h fvjevmv `yjf wQj
Zuvi wbR `k Zv wZwb cvb GLvb|
Kv_vI cvMvg _vKj mgq gZv cuQvZ cviZb bv| fvjevmvq
AvcyZ RbmvaviY ij jvBb em co MwZ iva Ki w`qQ|
wZwbI wgk MQb Zv`i mv_| nvZ wgjvZ wgjvZ Zi mw nq
MQ |
Zuvi GB RbwcqZvq fxZ Avqye Lvb ZuvK c`PzZ Ki | meii
gvbyl ZuvK GB Aea Av`k cZvLvb Kivi Abyiva Rvbvq| wK
wZwb wQjb Av`k wmcvnx Av`k cvjbB Zuvi ag| wdi hvb wZwb|
ciex Kvj wZwb Avevi GmQb G`k| Avqye Lvbi eywbqv`x
MbZi wei wgm dvZgv wRbvi cwmWU wbevPb| cZ
mvavibi fvU bq| Avwk nvRvi WgvvU wbevwPZ nq cwmW
evbve| GB Avwk nvRvi WgvvU Lwi` Kijv Avhye Lvb Pwjk
KvwU UvKvi Dbqb eiv G`i w`q ne hvi wnmve wbixY Kiv ne
bv Ggb fvlb w`q iwWI _K | Avi Avie mvMi bwenvi miKwix
LiP|
ZuvK GLvb Rb mvavib AbK mfvmwgwZi AvqvRb Ki wbR`i
gvS wbq MQ, mRb AbK B wZwb WgvvU`i mv_
wbavwiZ mfvq mwVK mgq nvwRi nZ cvib wb| ivRevoxZI
Wvbjc nji mfvq Avmvi c_ AwbavwiZ iji gvV ZuvK RbZv
wbq hvq| wZwb ivRbxwZwe` wQjb bv| mRb mvavibi WvK
Dcv Ki WgvvU`i mfvq AvM Avmb wb | cuvPUvi mfvq
AvmZ ivZ AvUUv eR hvq| hw`I wbevPbi djvdji wKQyB
cfve nZvbv GZ | Avgiv mKj hw` GB Pwjk nvRvi
WgvvU`i Dci Pvc mw KiZ cviZvg ZeB KvwLZ djvdj
173 |

Avkv Kiv hZ | fM `q wZwb `k di hvb | Zuvi eUv , `xcK

AvRv AvQ, mB wZwbB bB|

Avvm Avjx wgqv

`jZw`qv dix NvU _K evm Qvojv| PIov gmb c_i `y
avi evejv MvQi mvwi wm nvIqv gbvgyKi `k| dixi gvU
_K cwiek e`j gbUvI Pvv|
gb cojv 1976 mvj cvi mvZaviv DIi mi MQ| `yB gvBj
Pov co dix Mvqvj` fxoZ cviQ bv|
dixNvU vbvwiZ nq Pj hve dwi`cyii kxivgw`Z| Mvqvj`
Zvi HwZn nvive| Avi Avgiv hviv ivRevox Aji evwm`v
Avgv`i dwi`cyi wMq dix aiZ ne| mLvb _K GZUv c_
DwRq Ze AvwiPv cvev mgq jvMe wZb Pvi NUv ekx|
Avvm Avjx wgqv ^ZtzZ GwMq Gjb| cvi gvS j Avi
bKvi Ni w`q kxivgw` NvU dix hvevi c_ evavi mw Kijb|
grm I ccvjb gx dwi`cyii jvK Rbve Ievq`yi ingvb| Zuvi
AvMn ^vfvweK fveB kxivgw`Z dix NvU cwZv| c~e Avi cwg
evsjvi hvMm~ Gate way of bengal LvZ Mvqvj`| mB HwZn
ivi ZvwM` GK iKg Mvqi RviB dix `jZw`qv wfoZ eva
Kib Avvm wgqv|
mgmv `Lv w`j `jZw`qv _K Mvqvj` GB `yB gvBj wbg mgZj
Pvli Z| cwj Rg big _j_j| cvkeZx fvUvi BU wewQq hw`I
wKQyUv PjvPji DchvMx Kiv Mj| gvS Kv_vI Kv_vI `e wMq
evmi hvx`i fvMvwi A wQj bv| Ze mevB GUv gb
wbqwQjb eni ^v_| elvi mgq `yB dzU cvwbZ `uvwoq _vKv
wivq cvo IVvi wZ AbKiB gb _vKvi K_v| gv^q AvR
GUv Avgvi`vqK ivvi ic wbqQ|
174 |

H mgq Avvm wgqv ewj f~wgKvq bv `uvovj Avgiv wZb NUvq XvKv
hve KbvI KiZ cviZvg bv|
Avvm wgqv ivRevox cimfvi Pqvigvb _vKvKvjxb mgq ci
cyKziUvi c~e cvo KzwoUv `vKvb evbvjb| mgvjvwPZI njb| AvR
ZviB m~ ai ijMU ch weZZ nq eemvi hgb ck
nqQ, cimfvi AvqiI cmvi NUQ| Kzwqv ivW nvwmi
D`MKvix GKUv wUbi bvg me^ mvBbevW| AvR eZg c_|
Mv`vi evRvi _K Di mvei gji NvU Ges cvebvi mv_ dix
hvMvhvMi cwiKbv wbq h c_Uv wZwb i KiwQjb b`x fvb
wejxb bv nj nqZv AvMi mB mvei gji NvU Zvi HwZn wdi
cZ| hLvb GKmgq gvjevnx nvRvigYx bKvi eni wfoZv| b
wk Mo DVwQj|
ivRevox evRvii `vKvbjvq wUbi Suvci Kvbv jM nvUzi
AvnZ Ges iv| Gwbq ePmv jMB _vKZv| KZci Abyiva
Dciva Dcv Ki KDB mvUvi cwZ Mnb Kib bv| eemvqx`i
weivMfvRb nevi Avkvq KD Rvi PvcI w`Z cvib bvB| Avvm
wgqv mg evav Dcv Ki eva KiQb Suvc KU mvUvi evbvZ|
GLb Avi SuvcIqvjv GKUv `vKvbI cvIqv hve bv| wZjvgv
ivRevoxi ^c`v, icKvi wnme AbKi bvg kvbv hvq| cy
P`b icvqbi c_g dvUvwUi wZwbB m~cvZ NwUqwQjb
`vKvbjvi Suvc KU| whwb Kvb weklYB wefywlZ nb bvB|
Avvm wgqvi cvwZvwbK wkv ekx bq| Rbm~ _K Rjvi
Rwg`vix cwiPvjbv KiZ wMq gvgjv gvKgvq hy _vKvq AvBbi
LywUbvwU eySZb| vbxq nvU evRvii LvRbv vbxq cwZvbi cvc
GB `vex wbq wZwb miKvii wei gvgjv Kivq ckvmbi
weivMfvRb nb| gvgjvq Zuvi c ivq nq ejB AvR mviv evsjvq
nvU evRvii LvRbv cimfv ev BDwbqb cwil` cvQ|
Avvm wgqv mK AbK wKse`x cPwjZ AvQ| XvKvi evoxUv
GZ` Aji evwm`v`i mivBLvbv wQj ejv hvq| AwZwi AwZw_
Gj jc ZvlK ZzwY evRvi _K Gb _vKvi eev KiZb|
ivRevox Avmeb, mgq Amgq bvB, Mvox Nvov cvIqv hvK bv hvK
175 |

iIbv w`Zb| nqZv cyiv jUv fvov w`q GKvB Pj Gjb ivZ
`yBUvi mgq| Aviv AbK wKQy|
ivRevox c_g Uwjwfkb Gb `vZvjvi eviv`vq ewmq DVvb
`kKi nvU emvjb| GK ivZ RbZvi ga cywjk Aavix
KqKRbK AvUK Ki Ges ZuvKI, Zuvi MvoxUvI R Kiv nq|
mUv cieZxKvj diZ bevi Av`k cqI Avbbwb| Ibvi hyw
wbq MQb w`q hvb|
Avvm wgqvi Rb ZvwiL cvIqv hvq bvB| c~ecyil gwgb mi`vi
Zrcy wRZz nvRx Zrcy ALj Dwb mi`vii cy Avvm Avjx
wgqv|
wcZvgn wRZz nvRx Zvi mg mwi `vqfvi Ges RjKii gvwjKvbv
hUv kZeQi c~e RjKii g~j gvwjK ZIZvi ivRv I cvebvi
mvbvj cwievi mwwjZ fve `yB Avbv AvU cvB Ask wcZji cvZ
wjL w`qwQjb, Acb Kib `wn Avvm Avjx wgqvK| wbR
hvMZv ejB Zv myZvi mv_ cwiPvjbv Kib wZwb| H Aji kZ
kZ cwievi Ges nvRvi nvRvi nvj`vi mc`vq Zuvi GKvB AbyMZ
wQjb| weZY Rjvi myKwVb cwiPvjb `ZvB cieZxKvj eni
cwiwaZ wfbZi wZwb gvwbq wbZ ciQb| mvavZxZ
fvebvI wZwb fveZ ciQb Ges Suvwcq coQb| hMZvB
gvbylK Zvi ^vb cwZwZ Ki| wekvj Avqi Drm RjKi wbq
`vv nvvgv gvgjv gvKgv jMB _vKZv| mRb AvBb msv
welqI Zuvi avibv ckvRxex AvBbi Pq Kg wQj bv| cvwKvb
miKvi Rwg`vix c_v wejy NvlYv Kij wZwb miKvii wei
wZc~iY Pq gvgjv Ki c~e cvwKvb nvBKvUI ni hvb| Ibvi
AvBRxex ivq gb wbjI wZwb ZrKvjxb mycxg KvU jvnvi Avcxj
Kib Ges wWx cvb|
GK mgq `~Mvcyi NvU KjKvZvi mv_ b hvMvhvMi K` wQj|
GUv ivRevox gnvKzgvaxb gRvq bw_ f~ wQj| b`x fvb H
AjUv m~Y wewjb nq cvebv Rjvi mv_ mshy nqQ| GB
mshyw KiYi miKvix cPvi wei wZwb mvPvi nqwQjb|
^vaxbZvi ci _KB Avgv`i `k ijc_ hLb mzwPZ nQ
176 |

Avvm wgqv Kijb Zvi Dv| Mvqvj` _K `jZw`qv ch

ij mshvRbi Zuvi f~wgKvB AMMb|
1971 mvj gywhy i _KB wZwb AMYx f~wgKv bb| fviZ
wMqI G`kxq`i wewea mvnvh mnhvwMZv w`qQb| Gwcj gvmi
c_gva vbxq wenvix`i nZvi Dk GKUv Wvevq GKwZ Kiv
nj Pivji I evYxen nZ AvMZ Aavix mevBK wbeZ Ki
mgvjvwPZ nqQb|
1980 mvji ci RvZxq cvwU ivRbwZK `j wnmve AvZcKvk
Kij wZwb ivRbxwZZ hvM `b| GB `ji gbvbxZ nq msm`
m`m wnmve wbevwPZ nb|
GB ewea KgKzkjx cyili Rxebvemvb NU 24k g 2000 mvj
Ges mgvwnZ nb fevbxcyi Mvivb| wZwb AvR weZ nqQb| Avi
AvgivI KZZvi `vq _K nqwQ gy| eZgvb cimfvi gqi
Rbve gn` Avjx Payix c_g cwZwZ cimfvi 20wU `vKvbi
bvgKiY Avvm Avjx wgqv wecbx weZvb AvLvwqZ Ki Avgv`i
abev`vn nqQb|
Avgiv Avgv`i GB knii cwZvjM _K mgvRmex mB me
gvbyli wZPviY KiZ PvB| `jgZ wbwekl cwZv KiZ PvB
Zuv`i bvg| GRb mevB nvwiq hvIqv mB me gvbyli Kggq
Rxebi L L wP Zv m hZv z`B nvK bZzb cRbi KvQ cuQ
w`Z PvB| huv`i c`Pvibvq AvRKi Avgiv wZjvgv kni cqwQ|
Avi mUv mwwjZ cPvZB me|

177 |

Awbj mvay (Awbj Kzgvi Ki)

Lye mvq evoxUv wKb wbq Awbj mvayK wfU Qvov Kijvg|
mvay A_ RUvavix mbvmx wZwb wQjb bv| wfvewI KiZb bv|
evPv`i cwoq gvq cvq _vKZb| AvPvi AvPib mvay weklb
AvLvwqZ nb| wfU Qvov nq Kv_vq Avkq beb GUv Avgv`i
fvebvi welq bq| bjvg Puv`gvixi gvVi wXweUvq MZ Ki nvevmx
nqQb| IUv PZivi wej| GKmgq cvi RjmvZ GLvb w`q eq
hZ| nvgv` cZzMxR Rj`my`i wbivc` Avvbv wQj 1760 mvj
ch| 1871 mvj ij cwZv cj cvi RjmvZ evavcv nq
g cwj Rgweji AvKvi bq| elvq mgUv RjgM _vKjI Livi
mgq Kv_vI Kv_vI Pov RM IV|
wZxq wekhyi mgq ivRevox Mviv isiyU mb`i Transit camp
nq| Giv GKeviB Abwf| wkwLq cwoq hyi gq`vb evgvq
G`i Me| wewY duvKv Rjvfywgi DIi cvk gvwUi GKUv wXwe Kiv
nq mb`i ivBdj wbkvbvi cwkb `evi Rb| mB _K
Puv`gvixi gvV|
GB wejUvi cwg mxgvbv Ryo GKmgq h KzKvi cwievi`i wbevm
wQj Zvi wKQy wP cvIqv hvq| eovWvv PKKcyi, KvRxKv`v Gme
GjvKvq Lbb KvRi mgq cvov gvwUi nuvwo cvwZji Lvsk cxKZ
Aevq cvIqv hvq| KvRx Avey gvR` ejb GB GjvKvUvK Kzgvi
cvov Ges DivjK Djyqvi Pi ejv nZv| DjyLvMovi bvgi
weKZicI nZ cvi| Awbj mvayK gvS ga ivvq `Lv hZ|
Kviv bRi Kvob bvB mevi AjB GKw`b Zuvi Rxebvemvb nq|

178 |

bvbv evoxi wZ
kke wZ fveZ Kvi bv fvj jvM| kke m Zv
evjwLjZvi w`b| Zji evwUUv D djjI nvwmB ZLb cvc|
Avi mUv hw` nq bvbv evox| Kkvi wZ wfbZi| Qjwg Kij
kybZ nq, Zzwg GLb Avi wk bI, Po PvcoUvI cvc nq hvq|
eywgvbi gZv eq`i K_vi dvuK bvK Mjvj bZ nq
AKvjc Wcv Qj, Avi heb? mZv gyv fe cuywZi gvjv
Mjvq Szjvbv| ayB fyj fiv| Avi AvR nxiK Rqw aiv aiv
eqm kkei wZi ivgb| wdi hvevi BQv mB w`b| wK bv,
hvnv hvq Zvnv hvq|
gv hgb Avgvi bvbv bvbxi GKgv mvb| AvwgI ZLb gvqi
cuvPvi _vev _K wQwbq Avbv GKgv cy| Avgvi K`iB Avjv`v|
AvwgI KD KUv fvwe wbRK| bvbv evox hvevi w`b b gvmLvbK
AvM _KB wVK Kiv nZv| Mvg mKi gvgv ev fvB AvmZb
`yPvi w`b AvMB| evuav Quv`v PjQZv PjQB| `Lv Mj Mvmj
Ki Kbv Kvco UvI cvIqv hvQ bv| cyiv msmvi cvUjv nq
MQ Kbv cvUUv h Kvb cvUjvq m QvB wK gb AvQ? KZevi
h Mvbv njv| h hLb cviQ b wnme ivLQ| mZiv bv
AvVviv Avevi Mvbv| wVK Ki wgwjq bvI| bBj MvoxZB co
_vKe| cvwbi ivB KvVi dg AuvUv IUv Mvbvi `iKvi wK?
AvVvivB wVK|
m hvQ Mvgvdvb, Kji Mvb| Ag Avh, KjKvZv _K bZzb
iKW ek KqKUv Avbv nqQ| wcbI KqK KUv| GUv 1941
mvji K_v|
Ub DVjvg b b cvUjv mvRvbv njv| e kZiw wewQq
RvqMv `LjI nq Mj| `iRvq cvnviv cwZwU kb DUKv
179 |

jvKi mv_ K_v KvUvKvwU| Rvbvjvi avi em hLb hv `LwQ

dixIqvjvi gv_vq, evqbv awi| Aviv weq jywKq wQj KvjyLvwj
kb| BwbUv Nyi Gm MvoxUv Avevi ivRevoxi w`KB wdiQ|
Ze wK bvbvevox hvIqv ne bv?
XvjvI weQvbv Avivg Ki Z ej mevB| evBi MvQcvjv Mvgjv
mi mi hvQ wcQb| ZviI cQbi MvQUv Avgv`i mv_B PjQ
GB h Dvcvv `k Zv dj Z BQ nq? Zey GK mgq Nywgq
cwo| nuvK WvK Nyg f GKUv Lykxi AvgR| AKvib mevB
GKmv_ wPrKvi Ki mevBK Avgv`i Aevbi Rvbvb `Iqv nQ
kb AcviZ huviv GmQb Zuv`i | b b cvUjv bvgvbv
njv| Nvov MvoxZ gv, evb| Avwg Kvi hb Kuva| Kji Mvbi
evUv gv_vq bevi AwaKvi h cZv m Zvi mfvM WMvgMv|
nvwiKb mvwi mvwi PjwQ gvBj `oK c_|
evwo cuQ Avi GK `k| cvov cvokx ewSiv DcwZ| bvbvb ck
gvK| RvgvB Gjv bv, BZvw`| Mvq Mqbv cov AZ my`ix wkwZ
Qji eD| evci evoxZ hgb ivbx wQj, ^vgxi NiI ivRivbx|
ewSiv `xNkvm Mvcb Ki| evBii PvKwPK `L wbq| wK gv
h KZUv ewZv ZLb evSvi eqm Avgvi nqwb| evevK Rxeb
GKeviB ki evox Avgv`i mv_ hZ `LwQ| weqi mgq
MwQjb wKbv mUvI ck| evevi weq nq 1922/23 mvj| G Aj
iji cwZv 1935 mvj| GB Pwjk gvBj nvuUv c_ bv nq Mi,
Nvovi Mvwo| gv, evci evox hZ ciQb ej gb nq bv ij
emvi AvM| bvbv gqi Uvb gvS mvS AvmZb wKQyUv cvq nuU
wKQyUv Mii MvoxZ evMvbi djg~j wbq|
bvbv evoxi AevbUv LyeB my`i| `wb w`K cvq Pjv c_i Icvk
duvKv gvV Zvi Kvj Nul Kzgvi b`x mvgb euvki gvPv euvav
RvgijZjvq| mKvj mB gvPvq Kji Mvb evRQ| `~ii KvQi
KZ h gvbyl| wcbi LuvPv Lq Mvb Mvq, KD DwuK w`q gvbyl
LvuR| iKW Ivbvi mgq, Pvwe Nvivbvi weiwZ, KD ej Pv
Lq Mjv mvd KiZ MQ MvqK| meRvv KZ jvKi KZ ge|
bvbvb MelYv|
180 |

kxZi gmyg Mj LRyi MvQ AvVv jvwMq im LZ Avmv cvwL

ai biejxi gnvrme| weKj _K i nZv gvVi co _vKv Lo
bvov GKwZ Ki cvnvo Zix, mvq Avb w`q Djvm| nvUi w`b
mevB wgj jvwVi AvMvq Kzcx Rj nvU Kzovbv|
cuqvR, Avjy, gwiP nVvr KLbI Zvgvi dzUv cqmv| m`miv mevB
hvi hvi fvM wbq evox div| nvUi ayjv Rvgv Kvco mviv Mvq gvLv
ZeyI meviB nvwm gvLv gyL| QvMjjv Po eovq gvV, ai wbq
`ya `yBq bIqv| Aviv gRv wQj cvU `vg MuvU euvavi `wo cvKvbv
`Lv| `yUv LyuwUi gvS myZv cuPvbv jvnvi Avj euvav| `yB nvZ
myZvi cv ai Uvbv Avi wXj `Iqv, AvjUvi eokxi gZv AvMvq
cvU awiq GKRb Kvua ivLv cvUi cvfvM Ryo w`Q Avi wcQy
nUQ| IB cv euvki LywUZ `woUv eua iL Avevi bZzb Ki
i GB cv Gm|
evoxi cvkB gmwR`| bvbv BgvgwZ KiZb| evi Ryvi bvgvR
kl wkwb| LRyii o w`q gvUv Pvji RvD| gvwUZ mevi mv_
Kjv cvZvq GK nvZv Ki AgZ m ^v`, fvjv hvq?
evMvb ARm dji MvQ| , `kUv dj GKUv LvIqv | abyK wbq
cvULwoi Zxi| cvwL`i w`K ZvK Ki wZwi dyU, wZwidzU|
abyKi evZv PvuQZ wMq Avyj cvq wewQb ,Avwg h KZ
kv cKwZi wQjvg nvZ cvqi ARm wP hv AvRv wgwjq hvq wb|
bvbv AvgvK cvMjv ej WvKZb | Zuvi gZy khvq Gw`K Iw`K
PvL gj ejwQjb gvK, cvMjvUv Gjv bv|
Avgvi bvbv wbweivax fvj gvbyl wQjb| Mvj nv wP wgbi
gZ mZiUv `vwo, gbi K _vKjI cKvk wQjbv| ay mviv w`bgvb
Kvi oK oK k| AvwgI H mgq oK k ZzjwQ `y GKevi
mevi Aj |
nvqi mB gaygvLv w`b jv, hvnv hvq Zvnv hvq|

181 |

AwZ_x cvwLiv
Gang of forty Z Avmb cqwQ| ivZ weivZ iji gvV
wbqwgZ | gxi mvnei wcwos wcwos mZvi weiwi D`M Avi Ki
bv| ngi AvMgbx ki nZB `LZvg kxZi `ki cvwLiv SuvK
eua AvmZ i KiZv| nvv RvQbvi Avjvq Nvmi Dci q
em Avgiv mB Acic `k `LZvg gy nq| mvwi e nvRvi
nvRvi, GKmvwii ci Ab `j Ggwb mvivUv ivZ PjZv I`i `wLb
gyLv Pjv| evZvm GKUv kuv kuv k kvbv hZ | Avgiv evc
Zvovbv gvq L`vbv Avvi m`m| Zvov bB evox divi, nvv
Kzqvkvq Rvgv Kvco wfR hZ| Pvu`i g`y Avjvq YZvg SuvKi
msLv| kl LB nvwih djZvg| ivZ MWxi njI Avgv`i fvj
jvMvi kl nZv bv| gvS gvS KuK KuK k bZvg Iiv ZLb nq
MwZ cwieZb KiQ bqZv mvwi jv bZzb ic wbQ | Avgv`i `w
mxgvi evBiI mviv AvKvkUvB fiv|
PLv PwLi Rvo euvav gvbyli gZv fyi bq | Rvoi GKUv wbnZ
nj AbUv wdi wdi Avm cvwjq hvq bv| Avi ZvB Zv Avgv`i
wRg KieU, gwR` fvB kZ AbyivaI GKUvK gviZv bv, Ibvi GB
AvPiYi gvb AvR SzwS | ZLb PLvi Mv Avi Pvji iwU Avgv`i
nvZQvwb w`Z ay|
gjcvovi j^ygvnb
gj evoxi gvnb, eKvi | eKvSKvi KD bvB, bvnq eKv
ce kl jvBb Avbvi nvj Qo w`qQ| Avgv`i me KvR Ges
AKvR IK cvIqv hve| cvc hvB LvI AaK fvM, ivZ wZbUvq
Awfmvi, gvnb Rj cvnvovq, gkv gvij AvIqvR nZ cvi nvZ
w`q mwoq `q| fyZi fq evox div hvQ bv I fyZ Zvovbv g
182 |

Rvb, cuQ `e| cwgKi wPwV cuQ `evi wek WvK niKiv |
mvgb Kv`v, RyZv Lvjv,cv avqv, wdZ euvav, bvbv Svgjv| Kvj
Ki cvi KiZI wav bB|
Avgvi GK mgq Qwe Zvjvi evwZK wQj| mveR Pqb KiZ eb
Rj NyiZ GKv GKv fvj jvMZv bv| mvw_ nZ ekx Abyiva
KiZ nqwb| ivR `ycyi `yUvq Pj AvmZv| eb ev`vo cvi cvo
gvBj wZb Pvi nuU mvq div| GKw`b bq `yBw`b bq, gvmi ci
gvm| Kvb weKvi bB, bB Kvw| Qwe KvbUv wbj Kgb ne m
wbq gv_v e_v bB| wbn, wK wbqwgZ| mevi, ejvqB GgbUv|
wbRi f~wgKv ivLvi PvI Kiwb| GKevi Gqvi Mvb w`q 40Uv NyNy
gvijvg `yRb| AvBbZt KzwoUv cvc Zvi| gv cuvPUv wbq Avi wbj
bv| evoxZ Avgviv wZb Pvi KwR NyNyi gvsm fyb civUv w`q
Ljvg| GLbv `Lv nj Avgv`i cyibv w`bi Afvm gZv wmbgv
ev bvUKi WvqjM ej gbvfve cKvk Kwi hUv Avgiv Qvov Kviv
evSvi mva bvB| mw`b evRvi Ki wdiwQj K_v njv bv| Bkvivq
cvQvq PvwU gi ZRbx evywj PUPU jvMQ fx Ki `Lvjv|
eySjvg gvQ wKbZ evRU kl | eyov eqm msmvi gb w`qQ| M
Kivi mgq cvq bv| evm Qvov Avi cuQvbvi euvwk evRvq| agNUUU
nj `y` KvQ cvIqv hvq|

Lyiig / Avwbm
Avgv`i Mvs Gi me m`mB QbQvov| evox divi Zvov
bB| M Avvq mvivivZ Kvevi KijI LuvR coZv bv| iji
gvV emj myweav GKUvB Pvqi `vKvbx ivZ nqQ, Kvjyi Nyg cvQ
ej DwVq `evi fq bB| Kbdvg evPjvi gxi mvne whwb
mZviev`K| R DVj wcwos wcwos b nj Lvwj nq hZ| ZviI
GKwb kvZv AvgivB| ciw`b ez gnj vU gi `evi
Awfcvq g`, fvj hv DU meB coZvg| Rxebi kl wPwKrmvi
183 |

nvwejI| AvjvPbv ZK PjZv welq _K welqvi| M

Dcbvmi cwZwU Pwii cvgUg| mB mgq Dvi_ wegj
wgi mvne wewe Mvjvg avivevwnK ei nQ| msNvZ GovZ c_g
nvZ GKRb Rvi Rvi coZv, GUv Mjvi b Avgvi fvMB
coZv, euvwKiv bZv| Zvici jUvix Ki `yB w`bi Rb wbR
ndvRZ ivLZ AbygwZ| ZK nZv eB wbq, AvjvPbv nZv wbwl
welqI| Ze gq`i wcQ wcQ NvivNywi Avgv`i cQ`i welq
wQj bv| hw`I cg cowQjvg Avgiv KqKRb| be cwgKK
mnhvwMZv civgki nvZ evwoq w`Z mKjB|
ZKhy Avwg Avi Avwbm me`vB gvV| euvwKiv DcfvM KiZv| GUv
cvq iIqvR nq MwQj| kl Avgiv gvgv fvM cvwZq mw Kwi|
gvgv fvM ciiK AvNvZ Kij eyov nj nvZ Kuvce GB
hywZ| wK dj njv Dv| Avgvi evev Ii bvbv | Avwbm QjK
Qo evcK aijv| wLw LDo Avi Avw` imvZK welq evci
mI Ki Avgvi mv_I| evc gv bB| evbi evox _K UbUzb
gvwK cvk Ki Wej eKvi| Avwbm Avi Lyiig Avgv`i bvUKi
vqx MUgvb Avi R gvbRvi| cvk ev wUKU bv _vKj evcKI
XyKZ `e bv|
ivRevox KjR cwZvi mvnvhv_ bvUK nQ| bvwqKvI GmQ XvKv
wdji| wbR bi K_v ejvi jvf mvgjvZ cviwQ bv| bvqK GB
Aag| wUKUi g~j Kzwo UvKv, cvk UvKv| 1962 mvj AbK|
Ze evaZvg~jK weq nIqvq Ges mnhvwMZvq ckvmb _vKvq
nvDmdyj| MU h_vixwZ Avwbm| cywjki eo mvneKI AvUK
djQ| mK Awdmvi Z`viwKZ, Ii mvnm Avi mZZvq gy|
WK PvKzix w`jb KjR wews wbgvbi KvR `Lvbvi
mycvifvBRvi| wK mLvb LvUvLvwU Avwbm Avevi SuvKi KB SuvK
wdi Gjv| wKQy w`b Wvt AvmRv` mvnei mnKvix, Avgv`i
miKvix, Aby`vb cv ey Kvei Awdm KvK KLbv Avgiv Puv`v w`q
h Kv-AcviwUf vi LyjwQjvg mB `vKvbi Pvj Zj gvcvi
KgPvix Kvg wnmve iK| GKw`b DavI nq Mj bjvg `ki
184 |

evox Ni RvgvB nq w`b KvUvQ| wKQyw`b ci Lei Avmjv giB

MQ|
Avi GK Pwi Lyiig| Zvi me ejv njI wKQyB ejv ne bv|
we.Gm.wm cvk Ki fvj PvKzix cq XvKvq _vK| Zvi ewki
GKUv bgybvi MelYv Kij wKQy AvuP Kiv hZ cvi| Ii weqi
eihvx Avgiv mevB gyiMxi Vvs cvBwb ej Rxeb Avi ki evox
gyiMx Lvqwb| evmi Ni beea~i KvQ AbygwZ PvBj cvk emvi|
jvebZ ea~i wbieZvq KvwUq w`j mvivivZ Pqvi em| nuv,
BsiRxi RvnvR wQj| PvKzixZ IB h GvwmmUU UKwbKvj
Awdmvi nq XyKwQj ZvB iBj Dg`vix KiZ cvijv bv ej| ezi
Abyiva KjR coqv gqK BsiRx covZ ivRx njv eU| UvKv
be bv| kl kZ njv Awdm QywUi ci cove| wK IB mgq wL`
cvq- fvZ LvIqvZ ne| hv _vK ZvB w`q wekl wKQy Kij ne
bv| GKw`b ay Wvj AvQ Mwnbx wWg fR `Iqvq PvKixi Bdv|
gvm gvBbv cj Avgv`i Kvei Puv`v Avi `yt m`m`i Rvgv ev
cvUi `vg gvwbIWvi Ki cvVvZv wbqwgZ| fvj MvBZ m| gZz
msev` cqwQ| Avn& Dn& Kivi KB bvB Avwg Qvov| govi AvMI
XvKvi dzUcv_ _K cyivbv wiWvi WvBR kLvbK cvwVqQ
AvgvK| iv` `uvwoq eB evQvB KiZ KZbv K nqQ Zvi|
wKQy jvK gn wbqB Rbvq
wKQy jvKK Zv ARb KiZ nq
wKQy jvKi Dci Zv Pvwcq `Iqv nq|
ev`euvKx Avgiv mevB fvwe
Avgiv gnr|
AvM&by Avgvi `v`vevey
UwjMvd gvvi mvl Kzgvi Lvb| evoxUv KjRcvov
ebRxi Avng`i `wb| x Dbv` wQjb| AvMby Avi wZwb iji
cvVkvjvi cvkB eb GK qvi gvijb| AvMby AvcNvZ gZ `ni
185 |

ke eeQ` Kivi mvnvhKvix| ZviI GKUv Mv`ve`yK wQj|

AvgvK `v`v evey Avi evevK evev ejZv|
cvqB ivZ ekvgvj nq evox divi c_ Avgv`i evoxi mvgb Gm
evev, evev wPrKvi KiZv| evev hZb bv DV evox hv eje Zvi
WvK _vgZv bv| GKw`b Igwb wPrKvi KiQ| gv hw` ejZ cvi
PuPvwe bv Zvi `v`v eveyi Ri| em Pj Gjv evoxi fZi|
`v`veveyK Ac`eZv fi KiQ GLvb wbq Gmv GLywb mvwoq
w`wQ| DVvb Mvj AvuK KU AvgvK gvS ewmq Pi w`Q Avi
weo weo Ki g coQ| AbK eywSq mywRq invB cvIqv Mj|
Avgvi cwZ Ii fvjevmv wQj AKwg| ivvq `Lv njB nB
`v`vevey evox hvI| coZ emv wMq| evwni Nyiv bv, mUv h
mgqB nvK| GKw`b mKvj DV gv wPrKvi KiQ evoxi KzovjUv
cvIqv hvQ bv| cvki evoxi jvK Gm ejb fvex Kzovj Kzovj
Ki PuPveb bv| ijMUi cvki Lv` GKUv jvki cvk GKUv
Kzovj co AvQ| gv fq Pzc| I Qvov evoxZ Avi KD XyKZ cvi
bv| Ii gZzi ci jvjy Ii Qj jvk KvUvi mnvqK nq| Zvi Qj
Rqjvj MvqK| KvIqvjx Avi LvRvevevi Iik agxq Mvb Mvq|
gymjgvb AbKi GZ Avcw wkx Zvi ag ZvM Kijv wK Mvb
Qvojv bv| Avyi ingvb bvg wbq m gv`vixcyi Pj hvq| 1 Qj
XvKvq eemv Ki| gq wZbwU jLvcov wkLQ weqI nqQ fvj
cv| 1Uv gq wbRI GjwRBwW-Z PvKzix cqQ| jvjyi
Abavivi gvnbjvj eZgvb wcZaviv jvk KvUvq Wvvii mnvqK|

XvKvi ez
1951 mvji klw`K evev cwievi mn XvKvq emevmi Rb
wbq Mjb| GLvb ay gvqi Zveavb AvgvK ek ivLv hve bv|
GUv cwivi nq MQ|
186 |

West end high school-G fwZ njvg| ZLbI Mvq bZzbi M|

cwiwPZ KD bvB| weKj evoxi wcQbi KvV Mvjvci Wvj em
gvV evPv`i Ljv `wL|
kwn`yj Rnxii Wjy b`xi nvIqvi gZv ebMvg jbi bZzb fvovU
Gj B`uyi ne, cyivbviv wejvB, mB huvZvKj AvwgI cojvg| gvV
evPv`i Mv`v AvgvK `LjB wPKv, wewj ej wPrKvi w`Z,
Abvbiv `vnvi MvBZ| Avgvi QvU fvBUvI IB `j wfuo MQ|
Avwg ZvKvjB me Pzc, Ljvq gb| cvji Mv`v GKUv euv`i
cylZv| Kuva wbq NyiZv me mgq| Ljvi mgqUvq IUv Mvj
cvi cvk ivLv Mw Rvgv wbq jvdvjywd KiZv| GKw`b
Mv`vK cvKovI Kijvg| fvj gvbyli gZv me A^xKvi Kijv|
Ze mw`b _KB Avgiv ez njvg| Ii mv_ mvBKj me mgq
NyiZvg| bvivqbM Ii bvbv evox MwQ mvBKj| Avw` evb
cwievi| cvwievwiK KviY GKUv Pvcv vf Ii gb KwVb _K
KwVbZi nQ eySZ ciwQ| mUv RvbZ Pq gb K w`Z
PvBwb| RvbZvg I cvl euv`iUvK gvbvjI wbR cvl gvbe bv|
covjLv Ki eo wWMx wbj| wK GLvbi eb wQuo fviZ Pj
hvq| wVKvbv cvIqv KwVb wQj bv Zey AvgvK cq hw` weeZ eva
Ki ZvB m Pv Kwiwb| GZvw`b euP AvQ Zv?

Kvkx Luv Iid Mvjvg cxi Payix

Avgv`i `ji AviK m`m Kvkx Luv| wcZ` bvg Mvjvg
cxi Payix| gvS gvS AyZ k Ki Mjv mvd KiZv Kk wbq|
Avwg bvg w`jvg Kuvkx Luv Avi m bvgUvB kl Aewa cwZv cq
Mj|
mvbvi PvgP gyL wbq RbwQj| ij cwZvi m~Pbv jM 1870
`kK Ii `v`v mwjgyvgvb Payix wVKv`vi wQjb| A_vMg AYwZ
cwigvb|
187 |

ewUk miKvi UvKv LiP Ki Payix njb| ivRevox kni ZLb axi
axi cwZv cvQ| kni RvqMv Rwg wKbjb, evox evbvjb|
RbwnZKi me KvRB Avw_K mnhvwMZvi nvZ evwoq bvg Kijb|
MuvUi cqmv LiP Ki evoxi cvk ij kb emvjb| w`M Qwoq
dmji Z| evoxZ cvKv eVKLvbv| kZ cv_i weQvbv
gmwR`| cyKziUvi gvS eivei PKvbv `qvj Niv gq`i muvZvii
eev hvi `qvj bg GmQ fZi evoxi cv _K| cy GbvqZ
cxi Payix ZrKvji abx`i Zx_ KjKvZvq _K i Kijb
AwfRvZ kYxi Pjv ejv, mwLbZvi Pzov chvqi ixwZbxwZ| mvbvi
evi Nwo, ivjx mvBKj Avi e`yK hvi wZxqUv G Rjvq wQj bv|
Zvi Qj Mvjvg cxi Payix Kzwo eQi bv ciZB me wKQyi gvwjK
nj| wcZvi m` Kv_vq KZ AvQ Rvbjv bv| RvbZ PvBjI bv|
ay wejvwmZvq Mv fvwmq DoZ _vKjv| ay Avvq Mvjv k~b nq
bv| ay bkvZI cKU Lvwj nq bv| Ryqvq h AvbymvxK bvjvjv
Dby nq ZvZB kl njv|
evox Nii BUI wew nq Mj| gq`i mB NvUjvUvI _vKjv bv|
elwqK jvKiv myhvMi mvenvi Ki IK `Iwjqv Ki w`j|
Kv_vq Mj mB mvBKj Avi e`yK hvi mgK AvRI GKUv
`Ljvg bv| GKw`b nVvr KiB gi Mj| `~fvM _K iv cj|
AvgvivI ^w cjvg| AbK w`b GK mv_ _vKv gvbyli `~`kv `Lv
hvq? hLvb Kivi wKQyB _vK bv|
Avgvi bvbx
Mvg GK gwnjv| `yBUv Kbv mvbi Rb w`q ev
nqQb, GKgq gviv Mj Avgvi gv Ai hw | GgqiI weq
nq hLb hvMvhvMi myhvM wQj bv ejB Pj| Zey bvwoi Uvb
AvmZb, Ze mUv Avgvi Rbi mvgvb wKQy AvM _K , hLb ij
hvMvhvM nq MQ| bvbv AvmZb Mii Mvox Ki Ze gvS e`j
KiZ nZv KqKevi mRb Ki mxgv wQj bv |
188 |

bvbx Gj Avgiv Lykx nZvg Lye| me`vB Av`i hZ QvovI ivZ q

q M kvbv bwgwK evcvi wQj| fyZ cZ ivRKbvi K_v |
bZ bZ KLb Nywgq coZvg| ciw`b wVK mLvb _K i
nZv, Mvg AwkwZ evi wZ kw AvR fe AevK nB| fvj
jvMZv mB ivRKbvi K_v mvbv gv_vi `xNj Kvjv Pzj Qwoq
weKji nj cov m~h ikxZ em AvQ Avi mwLiv nm nm G
Ii Mvq jyUvcywU| bvbxi gv_vi cvKv Pzj Zzj w`j 10Uvq GK Avbv
cvIqv hZ|
fv`y wgqv (kixd gvt byij nK)
1962-63 mvj mgq Amgq GKRb gaeqmx jvKK
`Lv hZ c_ w`q nuU hZ| d KvU `vwo| gv_vq LRyi cvZvq
Zix nvU, UvB gq`i fwbwU evM UzwKUvwK Aviv wKQy wbq, cQb
me`vB Qvqvi gZv Uvji Nvo cvUi `wo Avi nvU UvBqi
evSv| mwQj ivbvi eveyPx Kvg weRbm cvUbvi| Avgv`i Pvqi
AvvLvbvq wccvmv wgUvZ gvS ga XyK coZb| wgfvlx bg|
Avgiv Avjvc Ki RvbZ cvwi wZwb KivPx _K ISC cvk Ki
DPZi wkvi Awfcvq nuvUv c_ jbi Dk iIbv nb eQi
QqK AvM| Bivb, Zzi, Rvgvbx nq Aekl GKw`b mwZ cuQ
hvb wejvZ| ILvb Ibvi gv_vi MvMvj aiv co| mRb Mvi`
_vKZ nq wZb eQi| wPwKrmvq wKQy myZv wdi Gj mLvbB
^vej^x Rxeb hvcbi Rb nvZi KvR wkv `Iqv nq| LRyi
cvZvi UzwKUvwK wRwbm QvovI ^ kg cvUi `wo cvKvbv KvVi Kj
hUvq GKRb cvWj Kij `k Rb myZv cvKvZ cvi Ggb me
KvVi KvRI wZwb wkL Avmb| GLvb wZwb GUvB RxweKvi Aej^b
Mnb KiQb| Avgiv AvK njvg Ges Ibvi mvnvhKvix wnmve
Avgv`i AvMni K_v Rvbvjvg| H mgq Avgiv Wvvi AvmRv`
mvnei wkwei _K wKQy mvgvwRK KgKv KiZvg| gvwU KU Szwo
gv_vq wbq ivv Zix, c_i cvk Rj cwivi BZvw`| Avgiv fv`y
189 |

wgqvi mvKi` njvg| wbR`i ga Puv`v Zzj evRvi _K cvU wKb

Avbjvg| ivR weKj `yNUv `wo cvKvZvg| mKvj `vKvb
`vKvb dwi Ki myZvjx eP eovZ jvMjvg| Avgv`i `j QvovI
gbbkxj hyeK hyewZ GwMq Gjv| mvavib gvbyli c~Y mnvbyfywZ wbq
GUv GKUv cvwZvwbK ic cj| bZzb wKQy Movi Avb` mevB
DjwmZ| cwZvbi GKUv cwiPvjbv KwgwUi cqvRb `Lv w`j| mfv
Ki Avgiv memZ fve wmv wbjvg| Avgiv wbt^v_ kg w`e
mevB| fv`y wgqv wbw` fvZv cveb Ges A_bwZK wefvMUv cyY
`vwqZ `Iqv ne KgiW PvbyK| cwZvbUv Ibvi njI Avgv`i
mevi Puv`vq Mo IVv wecyj AsKi A_ Ibvi GKvi nvZ `evi
ccvwZ wQjvg bv| Dwb Avgv`i G wmv GKgZ njb bv| fUv
w`jb| mgSvZvi me cPv e_ njv| mw`bB Avgiv IB
cwZvbi mv_ me mK wQb Ki ewoq Gjvg| ayK ayK IUv
GKw`b e nq hvq| fv`y wgqvI ewk w`b euvPjb bv|
Avgv`i ibRb
ibRb gv`i evoxi Qj
mvivw`b KvUvq Lj,
mvivw`b Ki Nviv div
^fve Zvi NvoZiv|
ivZ Nygvq AvUUvq IV
mKvj mvZUvq|
Lvqbv m `ya iwU
Pzj Zvi KywU KzwU|
kxZKvj _vK m
wU wU|
17/12/1983mvj 10eQi eqm h wbR Pwi weklY KiZ kL
Zvi jLv KweZv w`qB Zvi gbi g weKvk evSv hve |
190 |

gv mvo wZb eQi eqmB m gvZnxb nq | gvqi Kvji wZUzKz

m^j Ki w`b w`b eo IV| mB AvKzwZi cKvk Zvi KweZvq
HmgqB |
gvK Avgvi gb co bv,
gv Kgb wQjb, ZvI
Rvwbbv|
gv Zzwg Kgb wQj
GLb Zzwg Kv_vq Mj?
gv`i Qo Zzwg
Kv_vq Pj Mj,
AviZv wdi bvwn Gj |
Rxebi e`bv AvZ nq wevf| hvi cKvk I KweZvqB|
Rxeb Zywg KZv my`i
Rxeb Zywg Beautiful
Rxeb Zzwg `ytL fiv
Rxeb Zzwg bi g~j |
Rxeb
Zzwg
Kij
present
Avgvq `ytLi w`bwj
Rxeb Zvgvq mvgb cj
Dwoq w`Zvg gv_vi Lywj|
Rxeb Zywg UvDU
Rxeb Zywg eLvU,
Rxeb Zvgvq Avwo w`jvg
Speak wU not Zvgvi
mv_|
Rxeb
Zzwg
AuvKveuvKv
eywSbv Zvgvi AvMvgv_v|
ejbv Zywg Kx?
Avcb fyeb Mo Zzjjv m wbRB | cyZzj Ljvq Zvi AvKlY wQjbv
| wKQy Mo Zvjvi, wKQy Dvebx cPvq m GKvKx GUv-IUv
191 |

evbvbvi Pv KiZv| Kqji Zvi cwPq cyibv evUvix w`q

Py^Kmw Ki bvbvb iKgi LyULvU Kiv GZB m gM nq hZ| eo
`yUv zj Mj evoxZ GKv co hvq| Aek GZ Ii Amyweav
wQjbv| wbRi nvZzox ciK mx _vKj Ii mgq fvjB KvUZv|
evoxi MUUv AbK `~i| Avwg ivbv ev mvsmvwiK KvR e _vKj
KD Gm LuvR Kij WvK AZ`~i Kvb cuQvZv bv| m mgvavbI
IB Kijv MUi oKvUvq Zvi eua evBi ei Ki w`j| GLb
IUv evBi _K LvjvI hvq eI Kiv hvq, wU,wfZ wevb Abyvb
WvqvMvg GuK Calling bell evbvbvi Pv KiZ `L evRvi
_K speaker BZvw` Gb w`jvg| evbvjv Ges mUv DPz ii
nj| zji wevb gjvh Ask wbq cksmv cj cyiZI nj| eo
fvB`i mv_ Kvm ewmq ivLvi Rb cvVvjvg| b bB I`i cov
me gyL nq Mj| cvkI Ki Mj| fwZ nevi mgq eqm Kg
nIqvq court _K eqm evwoq AvbZ nj| Aemi eB coZv
mUv kerP` wK^v RwmgD`&`xb fvix ev nvv Kvb evQ wePvi wQjbv|
`e`vmi AbyKiY MI wjLjv | Leii KvMR ivvq UvwOq
ivLZv mvavibi covi Rb| pen friend Gi wVKvbv wbq wPwVI
jLv i Kijv Mv Mv| GZv wKQyi ciI gvqi Rb AvKzwZ
Anin ZvK wez Ki ZzjZv| wKQy Rxeb weow^Z fvM wbqB
Rbvq| civ_ci cyYeZx gvqi mvb K cvq Kb , AvU eQi cyY bv
nj Zv wP cvccybi LvZvq AvuPo KvUb bv| Ze wK 1937
mvj h LvZv Lvjv nqwQj GUv wK ZviB hvMdj? gvqi weQvbvq
AvgvKI emZ w`Zbv| Avgvi Kvj AvmZvI bv| h eyK gyL
R GZUzKz duvK ivLZv bv wcZvi mva wK mB DZv mvwiZ
Kivi| ivZ nuvZo LuyRZv Kv_vq mB Avwjb Avi ggZv gvLvbv
Avkq| gbi PvIqvUv cKvki fvlv Rvbv wQjbv Ii | Avgvi evbi
evmvq gvS gvS wbq hZvg|
dzcyi Kvj Qo bvgZ PvBZ bv, Zvi QjUv wbRi gvqi mni
fvM emvQ ^fvweK fveB Zvi Avcw| ibRbi mv_ mv_ Avgvi
eyKUvI UzKiv UKiv nq hZ | wmv wbjvg Avi Kv_vI hvebv |
Avgv`i ev_v Avgv`iB _vK| Gmgq ibRb wjLjv192 |

gvqi mn cvBwb gviv

wbVyi G RMZ |
ZeyI gviv Nywiwb Kviv
vi|
gviv, evevi Av`i gvbyl
nev fyeb,
evev ZLb Lykx neb KZ,
`Le gv`i AevK nq,
jvK kZ kZ|
-25/8/83 10 eQi|
Avevi wjLjvwbt^v_ cRvcwZ h wKQyB bqbv ZviI Avc gvbyl bv nq
Rbvevi|
cRvcwZ nIwb ej ,
KiQ Zzwg `ytL|
gvbyl nq GmQ ,
ZvI Zzwg gyL|
cRvcwZ fve em ,
nZvg hw` gvbyl|
Zvnj _vKZv bv gb
Kvb iKg Kjyl|
Gmgq ibRbi jLvq dzU IV wKQy AwfgvbhLb gv`i gv wQjb bv,
evev wQjb Lvwj |
dyj evMvb dzj wQj,
wQjbv ay gvjx|
gvjx wenxb dzj MvQK,
KiwQj evev hZ |
G Rxeb evev cqwQ ,
GB Avgv`i iZ|
193 |

gvqi kvK fyjZvg

gviv,
Lvjvi w`K Pq|
gvqi mn fi _vKZv ,
Lvjvi gyL Qq|
Zvgiv gv`i fyj MQ,
Zv Avgiv Rvwb|
Zvgv`i K_v Avgiv
mevB ,
AvRv fywjwb|
17/2/84
wbRK Amnvh fe `vwi`ZvB Gi KviY feQ| Avc Zvi
Pq bv cvIqv | ZvB IB mgq wjLjv|
GK `kiB GK RjvZ,
GK
MuvhiB
GK
cvovZ|
_vwK gviv `yB RbvZ
abx Mixe ejb hvK,
gvbyl gviv `yRbvB |
`yRbB Lv` LvB,
wePvi Kv_vI bvwn cvB|
gviv Mixe ej ZvB,
wePvi Kv_vI bvwn cvB|
gv`i Kvb `vg bvB
abxi mv_ gv`i ,
Zzjbv Kv_v cvB|
KLbI covbvi evcvi Kvb cPv bevi cqvRbxqZv Avwg eva
Kwiwb | wbR cPvqB m me KiQ| XvKvq GK eyi evmvq cuvP
eQi wbR evoxi gZvB Avcb nq _vKjv mgv`i | hv AvRI
AevnZ AvQ|
194 |

GK cy mvb wbq KQZvi mv_ w`b KvUvq | QywU QvUv Kg| BQv
_vKjI evox Avmv Zvi nq IVbv| Ii office G wMqwQ| Ii hLb
Chief ejb ibRbi gZv GKUv Qj wZwb cq Lykx, Avwg AvcyZ
nq hvB| cwZ wbqZ Avwg Avgvi GB `ytLx mvbi Rb cv_bv Kwi|
Ii eo mva wQj| gv evevK KvQ iL mev Kivi, cviwb| h
Kqw`b Ii GB gv Ii KvQ wQj office _K GmB gvqi Kvj
gv_v iL PvL eyuR _vKZv| Ii gv Pzj wewj KU w`j Z nZv|
Rxebi Mfxi w`KUv Kgb Abyf~wZ wbq Ii `q k KiQ mB
Qjejvq| hv wKQy m AvR m Zvi wbRi cPvqB| Avwg wbR
_K hUvq nc KiwQ Zv Ii gj eq Avbwb| GRb Avwg
AbyZ nB cwZ cj| klK_vUvB IK Avwg ewj gb gb| evevi
hgb ZzB BQ Ki Avgvi KvQ Avwmm wb, AvwgI ZvK BQ Ki
Avwbwb|
QvU evbi gZzNv
1975 mvji 6 Gwcj Avgvi GKgv QvU fvBK ixevwnbx
gi dj| evevK G AvNvZ mBZ nqwb| bqgvm AvMB wZwb MZ
nqQb| Avgvi x bvevjK wZbUv evPv iL Pj Mj wVK 1 eQii
gv_vq| weaev mvbnviv gv cy nq weQvbvq|
gZyi c`awb Avevi mvbv Mj| QvU evbi Lv` bvjxZ
Cancer aiv coQ| Avgvi mePq wcq evbUvi gZzNv Rvbvb
w`q Mj Wvvii Kjgi GK AvuPo|
wcVwcwV G evbUv wQj Avgvi gvqi Kvji fvMx`vi| Rb k m|
hw`b eyKi Dci Pc emwQ mw`b _KB gv IK PvL PvL
ivLZv ANUb wKQy NUvi fq| GZ`mI GKwU gvg myhvM cq
hvB Avwg| gvqi RvgvB GmQb| gnvev numj| fvB evb
Kjgx QvIqv Lvji cvo `uvwoq KB gvQi jR SvcUvbv `LwQ|
dj w`jvg GK avvq| ZwjqI Mj AvgvivB PvLi mvgb|
wbweKvi Avwg Pq AvwQ| weij c_Pvix ivvUvq Kb h mB mgq
195 |

GKRbi PvL co hvq| wPrKvi Leii KvMR cvViZ `yjvfvB

Kjgx-`vg AvUK hvIqv IK Ub Zzjj| ZLb m wbtmvo| Avgvi
kl cPvI e_ nj|
Ke _K wel fvjevmvq ic wbj mUvI gb AvQ| ZLb XvKvq
_vwK Avgiv| ek RvoB GKU Po gi emjvg Ii Mvj|
Avgbv`Z PvL cjKnxb| AvwgI cwZAvgYi Acvq|
Avgv`i mevi Mvj Ii bLi AvPoiB `vM| wK wK Avh| hUv
NUvi wQj Zv NUjv bv| eo eo PvL dvUvjv g So cojv|
mUv 1952 mvj ne|
AvR Avgv`i cwievii mePq KvQi gvbylUvi gZz civqvbv eoB
wePwjZ Ki djQ| m wK wbweKvi wP MnY KiQ Zvi wZj
wZj GwMq hvIqv|
KZ Mfxi ggZv Avgvi cwZ Ii| MwQ nvRvi gvBj cwiq ZvRgnj
`LZ| cKU wmMviU _vKvq Avwg AvUKv cojvg MU| mvw_iv
mevB fZi Pj MQ| wmMviU dj AvwgI wfZi XyK MwQ|
mv_x`i cq Rvbjvg I Avgvi Acvq evBiB `uvwoq| `o
Gm IK wbq Avevi fZi Mjvg| DwK w`qI I GKevi `Lwb
hvi Rb Avgv`i nvRvi gvBj cvwi w`q Avmv Zvi w`K| NvLvbK
cwiq MQ ZZY|
Avt nvwjg wekvm

1971 mvji ^vaxbZv msMvg cwZwU cwieviB Kvb bv

Kvb fve wZM nqQ| Kvb cwievi m~Y wea nq
hvq| Zv`i mevi weeiY wbR wbR GjvKvi cRbi `vwqZ
msib Kiv| Rvbv `iKvi ^vaxbZvi Rb Giv h g~j w`qQ
Ges cieZx Kvj GB ZvMi g~jvqb DcwZ nqQ aygv
evwMZ gZvbK I gZv`ki wewfbZvi KviY| m BwZnvm
mevi KvQ cuQ `evi `vwqZ mevi DciB eZvq| MelK Zvi
Dcv`vb Zv UzKiv UzKiv wQb cvZv _KB msMn Ki _vKb|
196 |

Avwg mB UzKiv iL hvIqvi `vwqZ eva _KB `yB GKUv hv

`LwQ iL hZ PvB| fvlvi `bZv eYvbvq jvgnlK ev
KiYZv dywUq Zvjv me ne bv| Ze coqvi gb gbb w`q
Dcjw Kiv `wfxi evcvi| Ggwb GK cwievi eovWvv 3bs
ivWi c_g evoxUvi evwm`v| mvavibi gyL gyL fvjgvbyli
msvq Avt nvwKg wgqvi bvg cPwjZ wQj| m`vB nvmgq gvbylUv
AvKlb KiZv Zvi evenvi| gyPwK nvwmi mgq mvgbi GKUv
`uvZi wSwjK Lj hZ| Lye mvRvbv MvQvbv wekvj `vKvb
m`i ivi Dci, QvU LvU wWcvUgUvj vi, myuB myZv _K
eB PziU GgwK Bbfjvc cvvj vI cvIqv hZ| diZ
cqmv w`Zb evsK _K wbq Avmv PKPK UvKv ev LyPivq|
Avwg Qj eqm wRwbm wKb evox wdi `wL Dwb ekx diZ
w`qQb| Gm Avevi evowZ cqmv diZ `evi ci _K Dbvi
eenvi Avgvi cwZ wQj Ab iKg| Avjgvix _K eB ei
KiZvg `LZvg Avi iLw`Zvg Kvb wbla wQj bv| Dwb
AvgvK wekvm Kib mUv Avwg hgb RvbZvg Avgvi
mvKi`ivI RvbZv| mvKmi Dci evqgi ga PziU|
Avgv`i ^v` bevi eoB BQv| mve nj AvwgB cviev ILvb
_K GKUv movZ| K_vgZ KvRI nj| fevbxcyi Rj eQ
wbq emwQ mevB| gvPi K_v gb nq bvB AvM| Avevi Gjvg
GKB cwZZ gvPI nvZvjvg|
wZwb vei Avei AbK m`i gvwjK wQjb| ij cvo
Bmjvwgqv nvUj weLvZ, hLvb euvKx LvIqv hvq ZvMv`vi fq
bvB|
wbR mvb`i cwZ wQj AZ Abyi| cvqB Zv`i wbq GK
mv_ wewiqvbx LZb GK Uwej| AvcZ n Qj`i Kvco
Pvco, iwWI mwLbZvi me DcKiY hvMvb w`qQb| Ibvi
evwoi Lvwm Pzwi Ki gvbRvii KvQ mvq Mv wew Ki
Zj gmjvi cqmv hvMvi KiQ Ibvwi Qjiv ZvZI i nb
197 |

bvB| nm djQb gvbRvii evKvwgZ| Gnb gvbylUvK

wenvixiv hw`b nZv Ki mw`b GLvb hviv evvjx ZLbI evm
KiZv Zv`i me fimvB bmvr nq hvq|
21k Gwcj cvK Avwg ivRevox cek Ki| AmnhvM
Av`vjbi mgq mevB hLb wbwZ nB cvwKvb Avgv`i Dci
AvR nvK Kvj nvK AvcwZZ neB, 25k gvPi ci hv mZ
nq| gvjv evoxi cyKzi cvo vbxq me hyeK`i mv_ Zuvi
QjivI Ai cwkb bq| hyi gnovZ hyeK e mevB
cig Drmvn hvM w`Z| 21k Gwcj mevB cjvZK| g, Ryb
Mj RyjvB gvmi 16 ZvwiL PvL fvBivm Avv nIqvq
nvwjg Avi Ii QvU ibx Jla wbZ evox Avm| gv Lq hZ
Abyiva Kivq `ycyii LveviUv Lq hvevi Rb Acv Ki|
Avi GmgqB wenvix Ges KqKRb cvK mbv evoxUv wNi
dj| ivRvKvi Kv wgwcw AvKzqvi wewsq nuvUv c_ wbq
hvevi mgq ` fxZ nvUv Ges fxZ ev KvZiZv cKvk bv Kivq
wenvixiv mbv`i ej `wLq GjvM WivZv bwn Avmwj gyw
nvq| I`i Avbv nq AvKzqvi `vZjvq| h hLb cviQ Po
wKj Nywl PvjvZ _vK| KvbvKvwU bv Kivq AZvPvii gvv
gB evo| BZvga mx Aviv GKUv RyUjv ejvKv zwWIi
wmivR| wmivRi cob UwW cvU mRb IK UwWwR ej
WvKZv| Rx ej Reve `evi mv_ mv_ wewfb cwZZ
AZvPvi Pj| gyw `LZ Avmv bevMZivI hZ Nywl| VvU
KU i Mvji fZiI bvbZv ^v` wenvixiv fq `Lvq
Zv`i gi djv ne| nvwjg evsjvq Reve w`j hLb gvi
gvie| Avgxiv evsjv bv eyS wenvix`i wRvmv Kijv Kv
evjv? ZRgv b wgwjUvixiv LyeB c hvq| wbZ bZzb
cwZZ cP gviavi| weKji w`K PvL eua dvqvi
exMWi GKUv MvoxZ DVvq dwi`cyii Dk| c_ MvoxUv
weKj nj GKUv BU evSvB UvK Zzj dwi`cyi hvq| PvL euvav
198 |

_vKvq RvqMvUv wPbZ cvi bv| ILvbI wKQy gvi w`q GK Ni

dj ivLv nq|
mvi ci ci Lvevi `q civUv Mv| Mvj KU hvIqvq Svj
KD LZ cvi bv| ibx KQy Lq q cojv Ges Nywgq Mj
wbw| ivZ 9/10Uvi w`K mq` Lvgvi Mvox Pvwjq dwi`cyi
hvq| I`i mv_ K_v ej nvwjg`i mv_ `Lv Ki| ej
Zvgiv Avgvi wbRi jvK ej cwiPq w`qwQ GZ Avgvi
fvegywZ b nqQ| Zvgiv wenvix`i nZvi Dk MZ
bvwgqwQj Ggb wicvU AvQ| hw`I Awdmvi K_v w`qQ
Zvgv`i Qo `e wK Zvi mvgb nvwRi Kij KvbvKvwU
Ki fxZ m fve `Lve| AvMi EZc~Y AvPib KiQ GUv
Rvbj Qvoe bv| Lvgvi Pj hvq|
wKQy ci G`i Awdmvii mvgb bqv nq| KvMR Revbe`x
wjwce Ki| Zvgiv Kvb cvwU Ki? nvwjg PU Ki ej
fvmvbx bvc| Zvgiv wenvix`i gviZ PqwQj A w`q? bv
Avgv`i Kvb A bB Avi Avgiv Gmei mv_ RwoZ
_vKjZv cvwjq hZvg| AvgivZv evoxZB wQjvg Avgv`i
evox _KB ai Avbv nqQ| Awdmvi wKQyUv Kbwf nqQ
gb nj| Zey ejjv `Lv Zvgv`i bvg Lvivc wicvU AvQ|
Zey Avgv`i GKRb fvj jvK Abyiva Kivq Qo w`wQ| Zv
GZv ivZ Zv hZ cvie bv mKvj Pj hqv|
hw` ivZ Avevi gZ cvjUvq GB `vjvPj ivZ KU Mj|
c_g m~hvjvK Aemv` Avi hbvi Aemvb Gb w`j gyw|
wmivRi GK AvZxq wdivR vii gvwjK Gi evmvq Acv
KiwQj Zv`i AviK ggvwK `ytmsev`| gv ivRevox _K
ivZB Pj GmQb Rvbjvg evevK MZ ivZ wenvixiv ai wbq
MQ| Kvb LuvR bvB| AwZ `ytL cv_i gvqi gyL Lye
^vfvweK fveB GK_v awbZ njv|
199 |

Avgiv w`knviv fvejknxb Kv_vq hve wK Kiev? `yB fvB

ILvb _KB XvKv Pj hvB| bvbv Avkq wbivkq wKQyw`b _K
ibx Pj Avm ivRevox| Avvm wgqvi mnvqZvq fviZ Pj
hvq| ILvbI wec` wQj wK Avvm wgqvi Avkq _vKvq euP
hvq| wK gZz Acv KiwQj Zvi ^vaxb evsjvq| we
msmvii eemv hLb Avevi i KiQ Bmjvwgqv nvUj _K
ibx Avi jvjK Avi eo fvB B`yK evox _K AvZ jvK
ai wbq hvq| jvji eo fvB cvjvZ wMq Wye gviv hvq|
nvwjg XvKv MQ bvwev wezUi gvwmK eivi gvj AvbZ|
euP hvq fvMg| cjvZK Aevq GLvb mLvb w`b KvU|
nvUji RvqMvi jxR Kvbmj nq nvZQvov nq|
Aevi cwieZb nj nvwjg fM wbt^ QvU wZb fvB Ges cuvP
evbi evSv gv_vq wbq Rxeb i Ki gv 21 eQi eqm|
dUvMvdx wkL GUvKB ckv wnmve eQ bq| msmvii
cqvRb wgUvZ wbRi `ni Rxebx kw nviv fM ^v,
nvcvbxi ivMvv| AweevwnZ wbtm Rxeb wbq euP AvQ
AvRv| mePq KKi Rxeb hvcb Kib I`i gv| ^vgx `yB
cy wbnZ nIqvq euP _vKvUvB Zuvi KvQ evSv nq `uvovq| m
Ni Qjiv _vKZv Avi mB Ni cek Kibwb| ewi w`b
QuvU _K euvPvi Rb Kvwbki `qvj ai ivZ KvwUqQb Zey
Nii gvS Avovj LuvRb bvB| wb`vib e`bvi evSv wbq
GKw`b ZviI Aemvb nq|
gM, nvgv`, wdwix, cZzMxR Rj`my
cZzMxR k FRANCEZ _K wdwix bvgi Drcw| Avi
AvigvWv _K GmQ nvgv`| h bvg bj evsjvi gvbyli `q
GK ARvbv AvZ Kuc DVZv|
200 |

BDivci cZyMvj _K G`i AvMgY| ivg mvgvRi Aaxb Qv

^Z ivR| wkv mfZvq nxb| bi gymjgvb gyi`i DQ`i
mgq hy weMn Avi wnsmZvq nvZ Lwo| ivRv gvbvqj|
BDivc H mgq dj-g~j AvbvRcvwZ GLbKvi gZv RbvZ bv|
Lv`vfve jMB _vKZv| Ai m`i zav| GBZv gv KeQi
AvM bi bvweK Kj^vm bZzb GK `k Avwevi Ki AXj
m`i AwaKvix| Sjgj ic Zvi cwZwbqZ eo PjQ| ivRv
gvbvqj fveZ _vKb cZzMvji Ggb KD wK bB h G`ki
mgwI nvZi gyVvq Gb w`Z cvi?
Aekl fvv-Wv-Mvgv bvgi `ytmvnmx GK bvweK 1497 mvji 8B
RyjvB kwbevi cZzMvji e`i _K iIqvbv nj DM DrKv wbq
ARvbvi c_ 4 Lvbv RvnvR, 106 Rb gvjv, wKQy Lv` Avi wKQy A
wbq| H mgq BDivc mvaviY aviYv wQj AvUjvwUKi cwg ev
`wY Kvb emwZ bB| fvv-Wv-Mvgvi bvweK`iI G msvi
eg~j gb| mgq mgq nvj Qo w`q we`vn KiQ eevi `k
divi Rb| Aekl mwZ GKw`b 1448 mvji 20k g Mvgvi
RvnvR wfojv gvjevi DcK~ji KvwjKU e`i|
KvwjKUi AwacwZ wn`y bvqvi kYxfy c`ex RvgixY| wZwb gnvLywk
bZzb evwYR mvebv wbq bZzb Zvi AvMgY|
be AvweZ Rjc_i ^ZvwaKvix nq Gi ci AvmZ _vKjv Mvjv
evi` Kvgvb e`yK wbq `jK `j cZzMxRiv fviZ| ewYKi
Qek e^U Rj`my| mbvcwZ Avjdvv Avj eyKvK KvwjKU
`~M Zix Ki djb| RvgwiYi mv_ KvwPbi evRvi weivai
KviY wZwb G`i ckq `b| hiY GB nvgv`iv gB DZ nZ
_vK|
Avie ewYKiv e AvM _KB GZ`vj eemv evwYR Ki
AvmwQj mRb G`i j nq `uvojv Avie ewYK Mvwi webvm
mvab| cvci mg_b cq Giv gymjgvb`i nZv Ki bvix`i alY
I evPv`i agvwiZ Ki `vm wnmve wew KiZ i Ki| evwYR
RvnvR w`b `ycyi gvjvgvj jyb Ki gvjv`i mvMi Wyweq gviZ
_vK| GKB mv_ fviZi wewfb AjI Giv Qwoq co| `Lj
201 |

Ki bq Mvqv, `gb, w`D, Mvqv nj ivRavbx| evsjv`ki PMvg

G`i miv NvwU Avi be`i| bvg w`j cvU Mvx| GLvb
AvivKvbi wKQy DQLj hyeK bvix Avi m`i jvf G`i mv_
hvM `q| gvigv Avi ivLvBb DcRvwZi gvjxq esk~Z e
agvj^x gM|
AvKei ev`kvi ivR cwiPvjb cwZ wewP| wZwb ki mv_I
eevwnK mK Mo ezZi nvZ cmvwiZ Kib| wZjK cob,
wbivwgl Lvb, A`ignj nvgvMx Rj|, gcvV nq| Avevi Lvb
cv`ix`iI Avk Kib, LagI Zvi weivM bB ej| `ievi
h_ mgv`i Kib| GB cv`ix`i ckq cq cZzMxRiv `myewZ
wj nq Rj Wvvq Aeva m` Avi mg jyb Pvwjq MQ|
G`i AcKgi Kvwnbx vZ nq ev`kv mbvcwZ mvnevR LuvK
evsjvq cvVvb| mvnevR Lvu gNbv b`xi gvnbvq QvDwb Ki AvswkK
weZvwiZ Kib G`i| Kw_Z AvQ Zvi bvgvbymviB mvnevRcyii
bvgKiY| wZwb wdi Mj Giv Avevi gv_vPvov w`q IV| m mgq
mbvcwZ AvwRg Imgvbi cwZ G`i `gbi `vwqZ `Iqv nq| wZwb
gM`i weZvwiZ Kib Avi wKQy wdwix e`x Ki XvKvi gyxM I
PMvg Aei Ki ivLb| hUv GLb wdwix evRvi bvg cwiwPwZ
cqQ|
KevRvi, PMvg, Lyjbv, nwiYNvUv bvqvLvwj, m`xc, ewikvj
GgbwK Avgv`i cv ZxieZx Lvj eq Mfxi cek Ki GB
nvgv`iv ivnvRvwb KiZv| G`i AZvPvi my`ebvji wexY
RbemwZ GKmgq weivb nq hvq| G`i bvix jvjycZv mePvBZ
wbziZg| AvRv `wYvj Kvb Kvb gvbyl KUv PvLi MVb is
jvjP `Lv hvq| gM evY bvgI kvbv hvq| Giv nvgv``iB
awlZvi eskai aviYv Kiv nq| Avgv`i eovWvv AjUvI
Kzgvo`i emwZc~Y wQj| Ke _K Zviv G Aj Qo Ab Pj
MQ Rvbv hvq bv|
AvivKvb ivRv G`i ckq `q evsjvi ivRv`i AvMvmbi fq|
Avevi evsjvi evif~Bqv`i w`jxkii wei hy evifyBqv ivRv
202 |

cZvcvw`Zi c cZzMxR mbvcwZ dvwm Kvfvjnv, iWv, Mvjm

ev`kvi mbvcwZ gvb wmsqi wei hy Ki|
mgvU kvnRvnvbI wcZvi wei hy wdwix`i mnvqZv PqQb|
wegyL nIqvq wmsnvmb Avmxb nq wZwb G`i `gbi Rb Kov
Av`k c`vb Kib|
mbvcwZ msMvg mvn mvnvevRcyi Kjv wbgvY Kib| cieZxKvj
wZwb GLvbB wZ nb| ZviB Aatbcyil evbxeni Rwg`vi wMwiRv
ksKi gRyg`vi Mvqvj` nvBzji cwZvZv|
mgvU kvnRvnvbB GB nvgv``i aesm Kib| AbKB wbnZ nq|
4400 e`xi ga evQv evQv 400 RbK ivR `ievi cvVvbv nq|
cZzMxR fvlvi AbK k Avgv`i evsjvq wgj MQ|
Ri Avmj mvey Lve| evjwZ Z Rj fi mvevb w`q mvb mi
Zvqvj w`q Mv gyQ K`vivq Rvbvjvi avi em envjvq myi
ZzjZ ZzjZ evmb fi wezU w`q Pv Lve| ev DVe Kvc
_K| ZvgvKI Lve| KvKvZzqv GK KvY `uvo em| eo
Kvgivi AvjgvixZ evZvg jvMvbv Bw Kiv KvwgR AvQ|
AvPviI AvQ| Pvwe w`q LyjZ ne| Zzdvb Gj eRivi
gvj bvgvB| eqv wbq cZ nB| jvK-ji Kvgvb wcj
wbq hy hve| Avjwcb w`q KvMR AuvUev| Avqv evPvUvK wbq
LjQ| bvbv djI g` jvMbv| Mvi` f Pvi cvjve| cwZ
iweevi cv`x MxRvq cv_bv kvbvb| gb Qvc cobv| dgv|
jb Rvwjq Kvm w`q w`K wbYq Ki wdZv w`q `N gc
My`vgi eiMvq AvjKvZiv jvMvZ ne|
I`iB Avgv`vwb Kiv dj LvB Avbvim, cc, cqviv Kvgivv,
ivvAvjy, Rvgij, AvZv, md`v, wPbev`vg, Kgjv jey, KKwj
dzj, ZvgvK|
XvKvi fvIqvj em jLv dv`vi gbvGj `v- Avbmyvmvi ivgvb
nid jLv c_g evsjv eB Qvcb bvg, Kcvi kvi A_f`|
1743 mvj fylYvi Rwg`vi eski mvb jLb evY Kv_wjK
msev`| AvivKvb `myiv ZuvK Pzwi Ki `vm wnmve wew Ki `q|
wZwb Lvb nq bvg bb, `vb& GvvwbI|
203 |

Avi Zviv iL MQ wKQy evwa| Aeva evwfPvii dmj Mbvwiqv

wmwdwjm| AvMi w`b wdwix ivM ejv nZ|

WvKvZ
AvMi w`b Rwg`vi`i eZbfy cvBK, cqv`v, eiK`vR,
jvwVqvj evwnbx mvaviYZ eqviv cRv Avi Rwg`vix mxgvbv ivi Rb
eenvi Kiv nZv| G`i jvfx m`miv AbK mgq WvKvwZZ wj
nZv| GQvovI DMcx wKQy jvK Avjv`v `j MVb Ki b`xc_
gvjevnx bKvq nvbv w`Z| wfwZKi cwiwwZ mw Kivi Rb Lyb RLg
KivUv G`i cvkviB A|
eo eo `j wecyj kw ARb Ki AbK mgq Rwg`vi evox ev
A_kvjx myiwZ evoxZI nvbv w`Z AvMvg Rvbvb w`q|
mvaiYZ mowK, ejg `kx AB Giv eenvi KiZv| bc_ _K
AbK cfvekvjx ewI G`i g`` hywMqQ| OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS _K Qvcv HEAT AND DUST
co Rvbv hvq 1923 mvj wewUk miKvii AvwkZ ivR SATIPUR
Gi beve WvKvZ`i mvnvh mnhvwMZv `b Ggb AwfhvM wewUk
miKvii fviZxq `i wicvU AvQ|
Vvi

Vviiv WvKvZ bq| Ze

eivei Qyo gviZv| jvwVUv PiwKi
AvNvZ Ki c_PvixK AvnZ Ki
gvjvgvj wQwbq cvjZ| Giv Lybx
Dk|

204 |

ivZ weiZ wbRb jvwV nuvUz

gZv NyiZ NyiZ nvUz eivei
dj w`Z| GB myhvM m
bq| ay AvnZ KivB G`i

wbwk KzUz^

Pzwi we`v eo we`v

hw` bv Lvq aiv|
evsjv mvwnZi Agi K_vwkx gbvR emy GB wmuaj Pvi
mc`vqi Av`v wjL 1966 mvj GKvWgx cyivi cqQb|
`ji cwZ AvbyMZ, ZvM, mZZv PhewK GKwU wki chvq
Dcvcb KiQb wZwb| Pvi mgvU cPv evBUvi hvM wkl mvne
Pvii Pwi wPY NYv bq eis ggZvq AvcyZ Ki coqvK|
AvMi w`b gvwUi Wvqv, `igvi eovi Ni GUvB mvaviYi evmMn,
Avi G meB GB wmuaj Pvi`i KvhKjvc mxgve| `ji
m`m`i `vwqZ eb hgb LuvRb`vi Kgi hveZxq msev`
mieivn KiB Lvjvm, wmuaj wmu` KU c_ Zixi `vwqZ chB Zvi
Kgcwiwa| Ni XyK KvR mi Zvi mi covB KvwiKii `vwqZ|
h_vvb gvj cuQ `Iqv m AviKRb| `jcwZ wbavwiZ nvi cvc
Ask wewj eb Avi `ji cwZ cywjki bRi _K ivi `vwqZ
_vKZv| wQuPK Pviiv GKK fve Mni GUv IUv wbq mi
coZv| Pvi aivi Rb G`k wewfb cwZ GKmgq Pvjy wQj| PUv
Pvjvb, evwU Pvjvb| wKQy wYb jvK G ckvq ek `ycqmv KvgvZv|
Zzjv ivwki jvK euvki gcyZ PUv aij PUv wbRB PjZ i
KiZv Avi Pvii Mjvq AvUK aiZv| Aek G me eyRyiwK
ekxw`b Pjwb|
`vMx Pvi`i cwZw`b _vbvq wMq nvwRiv w`q Avmvi wbqg wQj|
VMx/ duvmyo/AviZzjyKi/ZKvji

AbK bvg cwiwPwZ _vKjI KvR GKUvB kvmiva Ki nZv I

ivnvRvbx| GK bmsk jybKvix gv Kvjxi Aviva nZv G`i agxq
eZ| Avi nZ ew gv fevbxi bvgB DrmMKZ| nZvi myhvM cq
Qo `IqvUvB Aag Avi kvwhvM Aciva| G`i wekvm Kvb&
205 |

Avw`Kvj _K GB agxq c_v Pj AvmQ hvi Kjv KzkjZv Lvw`Z

AvQ Bjviv nvq, ceZ, weLvZ gymwjg mvaK wbRvgywb AvDwjqvI
GKmgq GB `jfy wQjb| hRb Zviv Zuvi mgvwaZ AN c`vb
Ki, Avkq bq| MelKivI aviYv Kib wZwb cvimi Awaevmx
Avi heb KzLvZ nZvKvix nvmvb-Beb mvevn& bvgi GK `my
bZvi wkl wQjb| VMx`i wkKvi cwZ GKUv njy` isqi gcyZ
cj (igvj) hvi GKcv GKL avZe gy`v wMz w`q AvuUv hb
duvm `evi mgq nvZ dmK bv hvq| m`miv `ji cwZ Pig AbyMZ
hvi evZvq Pig g~j w`qB kva| `jbZvi wmv gZvB wewfb
kvLvi Kgaviv eb| Avi cv Ask wbavwiZ wQj G Rb| `yeva
ivgmx fvlvq cii fvei Av`vb c`vb PvjvZ| fviZi gvniv
Aj wbR Muvq cyiv MxKvjUv wbixn mvaviY Rxeb hvcb Ki
kiZi iZB mI`vMi, gvmvwdi, MnZvMx mbvmxi ek `je
fve gv fevbxi Avwkev` wbq cj njy` isqi gcyZ igvj wbq
wkKvii Dk Qwoq coZv| wZjnvB (Pi) wefvM mv_x Avi
ejnv (cjyKvivK) wPhv ev eywbR (gj ev wkKvi) cj Zvi
wekvm ARbi Rb ez mR w`bi ci w`b mx nq myhvM gZv
eywbRK wejnvZ (eaf~gxZ) g~j `ji nvZ mvc` KiZ| `jcwZ
wSiwb (nZvi msKZ) w`j Pv`yiv (` nZvKvix) Zvi Mjvq duvm
GuU nZv KiZv| fvRvix (jvk enbKvix) jvk wbq GjB dziRvbv
`j (gvwU Pvcv `evi m`m) Kei Ki Dci jZvcvZv w`q wP
gyQ `e jvk g Kivi fxj (Kei) AvM _KB jyMvixiv (gvwU Pvcv
`evi jvK) cZ Ki iLQ| wbweN KvR mgvav nj gv Kvjxi
Dk Zzcvbxi o Lq wnmv eb Kie mi`vi| VMxi `j
gymjgvb bvgavix m`mI wQj Avi Zviv bvgvR hgb coZv gv Kvjxi
c~RvqI Zgwb Ask wbZ| fviZi wewUk eojvU jn DBwjqvg ewU
1830 mvj mvi DBwjqvg kxgvbK eMx `gbi `vwqZ `b| wZwb
1960 mvji gaB G`i mg~j aesm KiZ mg nb|

206 |

eMx

Qj Nygvjv
cvov Ryovjv,
eMx Gjv `k
eyjeywjZ avb LqQ
LvRbv `e wK m|
avb dzivjv
cvb dzivjv
LvRbvi Dcvq wK
Avi KUv w`b meyi Ki
ib eybwQ|
Avgv`i Nygcvovbxqv GB Mvb Mvg evsjvi Ni Ni Kvb Kvj _K
b b Lvm ivmi PvBZ wk gb ARvbv GK kv fi
KiZv| PvL gy` GKmgq Nywgq coZv m|
gvMj mgvU AvIi Rei 1707 Lv gZzi ci `vwYvZi
gvivVviv gv_v Pvov w`q IV| `yej AhvM ev`kv cwZiva gZv
nvwiq KvhKi Kvb eevB wbZ cvib bv| mgvU bvw`i kvn cvim
_K Gm w`jx jyb nZvh Pvwjq kkvb cwiYZ Ki| we`kx
BsiR, divmx, Ij`vR, cZzMxRivI Gm h_Q jyUcvUi myhvM
wbZ _vK| cvwbc_i ZZxq hy AvdMvb mgvU Avn` kvn&
Ave`vjx 1761 mvji 13B Rvbyqvix gvivVv evwnbxK m~Y aesm
Ki| civwRZ gvivVv mbiv e`j wef nq `ki wewfb
Aj Qwoq co| G`i ga evOjv Avi Dwolvq eMx `jB me
PvBZ fqi nZv I jybKvix| Giv aygv avb cvb jyb KiB
v nZ bv| Mni gvb ghv`vI fyjywZ nZv G`i KvQ| km
Z evox Ni Rvwjq Giv mgM evsjv kkvb cwiYZ KiwQj| beve
Avjxe`x Luvb ZLb evsjv wenvii ^vaxb fve ivR kvmb KiZb|
wZwb G`i `gb Kib|
GB eMx `ji GK Ask Bkiw` Aji Rj Avkq bq| vbxq
Mvg _K bvix jyb Ki Zviv chvqg alY Ki ewj w`Z|
207 |

AvR Avi eMxiv bB eU iq MQ Zv`i fqi wZ Avi wejvc|

eyjeywjZ Aewk avb Lq MQ LvRbv `evi Dcvq wK?
Elementary Road
jvK gyL wdjvgUvix ivW bvg cwiwPZ nq| hvi AwZ
AvR Avi bB| Kvb GK mgq dwi`cyi Rjv evW KZK wbgxZ
nq| Lvqv weQvbv wQj GZUzKz Rvbv hvq| jvKbv_ fvPvh mvi
Gi AvZK_vq wjLQb- hLb KvjyLvjx ij kb wQj bv ZLb
wKQyw`b ejMvwQ ch nuU Gm Ub ivRevox AvmZb| ci Ibvi
mKxZ gvgv evox ebxbMi _K R.S.K. Institution G
AvmZb| zj Avmvi `yBUv c_ wQj ebxbMi _K| GKUv
ijjvBb ai hUvq AvmZ myZv Mvi cej mvZaviv cwiq
jvBb DVZ nZv| AbUv Elementary Road ai Mv`vi evRvi
nq R.S.K. Ges GUvKB mnRZi ejQb|
eZgvb Pibvivqbcyi _K KjR Avmvi KvYvKzwb c_ hUv ZLb
cwZv cvqwb| m~ZvMvs QvovI cv Avi GKUv mshvM Lvj hUv Dry
Ice I evM`x cvovi gvS w`q cevwnZ nZv| ij cwZvi AvM
ebxbMi ev Pibvivqbcyi Aji evwm`viv mvsmvwiK cqvRbxq
Mv`vi evRvi ev ejMvwQ avIqvcvov _K msMn KiZb aviYvq
Avm| cvcvoi wewY Rb emwZi Pvwn`v gUvZ A AjB
evRvi cwZv nIqv me| ivRevox Zv`i KvQ Zgb iZ enb
KiZv bv| hw`I mvi Mv`vievRvi _K R.S.K AvmZb wK
Mv`vievRvi ivvUvI Mi gvli Mvoxi PvKvq Z weZ| hvZvqvZ
mnR wQj bv|
ejMvwQ w`q cvebv evwm`viv enicyi evwjqvKvw` ev`kvnx Avgji
m cbi ivv eenvi KiZb| Elementary Road G AvmZ
njI m~ZvMvO cvi nZ Lqv cvovcvoi eev wQj meZt

208 |

gvvi wbqvM
jvK bv_ mvii AvZK_vq ZrKvj gvvi wbqvMi
mim eYbv AvQ| Rjvi RR MvQZjvq fuvRKiv KvMR nvZ AbK
jvKK em _vKZ `L ckKviK wRm Kijb| Bnviv Kb
ewmqv AvQ| Dbviv gvvix cixv w`Z AvwmqvQ ckKvi Rvbvq|
RR mvne ckKvii KvQ RvbZ Pvb Bnviv AvU Avbv wdm w`qvQ
wKbv Ges Bnv`i nvZi jLv `wLqQ wK bv| ckKvi mwZ m~PK
Nvo bvwiqv nuv mvi w`qvQ ewjj RR mvne ij Nywiq ejjb hvI
me cvk|
AvBb wnmve G`i AbKB hk A_ I mgvR cwZwZ nqQb
cieZx Kvj| Avevi gvgjv PjvKvjxb mgq Kn Kn nvmKi
AZvi cwiPqI w`qQb| avbKvUv wbq gvivgvwii m~cvZ GK
chvq Avmvgx KuvwP w`q Kvc gvi| mvne KuvwP eySZ bv ci
wRvmv Kib What is Kuvw? mvi Kw is `vI evU LuvR KvUv LvuR
KvUv| Avqye Lvbi gvkj j wbqI M AvQ| cvvex gvwRU
evsjv evS bv| mvw Mvgi gvoj ejb mvi Avwg I`i gvivgvwi
KiZ wbla KiwQ ejwQ `L `k gvkj j PjQ AvBb Kvbyb fvj
bv _vg| Zv Iiv bjv bv | gvwRU ejb Kv evjv? gvkvj j
AvBb fvj bv? GB wmcvB BmKv nvZKwo jvMvI|
ivRevox Aji K_ fvlv
wbqvi- wkwki
ig- gywo
Lvov- mRb WvUv
Kzni- gyiMx
nvZ&b- eviv`v
209 |

Kzcx- PivM
j- c`xc
wcivb- Rvgv
KBm- ewjm
KvBqv- KvK
Qvjyb- ivbv ZiKvix
Gviv- GLvb
bvi- `o
ZvMv`v- ZvovZvwo
dmKiLuywZ- UvKv _j
MvRv
Zvov
Zdb- jyx
duvw`- jvd
Muv`v- evPv
wQwjg- KjK
q- mycvwi
bwo- jvwV
wgVB- o
Zj nvwo
wVj- Kvjv
LvK- LvwbKUv, wKQyUv
Qbvg
Avyj Rwjj- Rj NyNy
Aveyj Kvkg- iweevey
Mvjvgcxi- Kvkx Luv
kwd- Kvbv
210 |

jvwnwo- avwZ
mvjvg- jy, nvIqv
evPz- cv my
wmivRyj- Lvqvox
wmivRyj- gvbwQi wgqv
RMjyj- Kvkg fvw, gvbK
LvKv- Iq`vi dvDj
B`wim- Bewjk
`vjb VvKzi- 2/12
gwR` fvB- gnvi
Aveyj- eivU KPv
BmnvK- Givweqvb nm
Rwjj wgqv DwKj- Kvi gwb
`e?
Rvbex Kzy- Rvbgviv Kzy/KvVvj
Lq gviv hvb
gvdv- KvBV
Avyj Kwig (Kwig my)- evZvm
evSbv
nweei ingvb- RjZii KvwV

211 |

Avgv`i esk jwZKv

KzbKzb Avjx mL
evei Avjx mL
gnt ingZDjvn&
1)wiwRqv eMg 2)iIkb Aviv eMg
(cuvP gq)
(`yB gq)
4)Rvnvbviv eMg
(GK Qj wZb gq)

3)Lvj` mvjvn&Dwb

5)gvmjn Dwb

6)byib bvnvi eMg

(GK gq)

1)Lvj` gvn&gy`

2)Lvj` Avn&g`

3)Lvj` nvmvb

1) Lvj` dvwng

1)bQvi Avn&g`

1)dvivex nvmvb

212 |

m` gvK nvwiq iexb ixeb ibRb

Avgvi evev gZy 9 RyjvB 1974

213 |

eyeyi mv_ 1990 mvj

Avgvi gv gZy 15B deqvix 1979

1975 mvji 6B Gwcj wbnZ

nb gv Pwk eQi eqm

QvU fvBqi DPji mb`

214 |

1976 mvji 18B g gv evBk

eQi eqm wPi we`vq wbj

QvU fvBqi KivPxi Ljvi mb`

bevwnbx cwkb kl (kl jvBbi Wvb _K 2q)

Avgvbyjv 1960 mvj

215 |

Avgv`i mevi kq gwR` fvB

Lvb evnv`yi Avjxgyvgvb Payixi nwjwc 1928

Wvbjc nj vwcZ 1920-22

mvj meZ

216 |

dKiDwb Avng` (1920 mvj)

cvb Pqvigb ivRevox
wgDwbwmcvwjwU cv_wgK hyMi

KvwRKv`v gmwR` vwcZ 1760

mvj mbvcwZ Lv`v`v` Lvb KZK

Lvb MxRv vwcZ 1911

217 |

WOOD HEAD LIBRARY,

BUILT 1914

P`avg mePq my`i evoxwU

Mvwe` jvwnwoi kl Avevm j

jvK bv_ fvPvh

BsiRx 1875 mvj Rb, 1963 mvj 92 eQi eqm
Zvjv Qwe | Gi ciI wZwb AZ 3 eQi euP wQjb KjKvZvi
eivn bMi cyi evwUZ

218 |

1960 Gi `kKB Gjvi wejywi i,

MwZeM NUvq 60 gvBj

RSK zji 2q BgviZ

219 |

ivRevox ij Ukb

RSK wejy c_g BgviZ GUvi cwg

GUv 1943 mvj vwcZ

Mvqvj` nvB zj 1893

mvj vwcZ

mePq cyivZb cvVkvjv jvjPuv`

we`vjq (evRvi cvVkvjv)

220 |

c_g cv_wgK we`vjq

ivRevoxi `wb cv

iji nvmcvZvj 1936 mvj vwcZ

cvq Bwjk aivi bKvi eni

Gg, G, gvgb (evPz gvvi)

gZy:- 25k bf^i 2004 Bs

221 |

byi KzZze Avjg Payix (LvKv) gZy:19k RyjvB 2007 Bs

mL gvt KvBqyg (Mgcvqv)

hvi `q eyK AvUZvbv

iji bvU g mvgb nvW KvU

Uwbm MvD 1934 mvj vwcZ

iji w_qUvi nj 1934 mvj vwcZ

Aejy evxq Bwb

222 |

iji Kve No 1933 mvj vwcZ

VMx`i nZv cwZ (evsjv`k

cwZw`b _K bqv)

mgv
223 |

VMx`i nZv cwZ (evsjv`k

cwZw`b _K bqv)

SUB-DIVISIONAL OFFICE
GOALUNDO 1910 mvj eveZ wcZji
wmjgvnii Qvc