m

g -o g g ei g i
ei i- e s , e b-o
b e t i ei i- t p t
-i-b e b ul i i,
, r, , o ei i- e
b b e. e. e
t g , g e ei
ei i i- p c

:
seezanur@gmail.com

g k


t g e , n o k l ei l p u
ei l grt ei ni a
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t it s akt p
ic o o uk u g a
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g o i un g n, , i, , ks o
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2
1)
2)
p o e l c 3 p
1) s : e h h i e 36
i 24 e p 35 . e
ps i 35 . e 4 i.e.o o ; 100, 200,
400 e 800 i.e.o i a i i.e.o
k i.e.o s

2) l: ei i 6 i i 6 i
3) l: g 80% i ei
ei i i 8 i i 10 i eig 35 . e as o e e

s i g p i o :
1) s

2)

3)

 i t
uin in : ei
p , uin
in uin
n u e i i uin
u e ei k i
n k : n k e.e. di
p u i e e p n
ei k k u
p p ei o uin
e i e
o u u u u

e e.e. a g :

i n k : i n k .e. e e.e. i
ei n 2 e uin l eio
k i

u : u uin l n i i
uin ul e n uin
i p k e oi e

n a
i g ...
e n ,
k a e n ei "" ""
n , n n e c
"i " n a "i " n i ,
i o rn
"i " di .. (CCD = Charged Couple Device) (CMOS =
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) i di ei
i e i i
u
e kt g i e g
e e r e n
e u, , g
, i i n
i p
i p i e i g k (s ) e rn ,
, e eko i p k
u o a
o i i u
i i n ? k oi nt n
i i i i n i
a i i ei
e.e. e i i e e i l

 e.e. e.e. i i
l i (35 .. i 24 ..)

nt i e i ? i
, i e k
ir ? oi ei k
k 450 k 1.6 e

ei 1.6 g

i k

i o ei
i.e.o i.e.o p i ei
n
i a i i.e.o 6400 e o nt e
n en i i i i.e.o r 200 e u i gi
r
i (ei
e ) i i, ei i k
p g APS-H ( 28.7 .. i 19 ..) k
1.3 i k g r k 1.5 ; DX k 1.5
e APS-C 1.5 k ei APS-C
g en e e eig k 1.6
k n en , e k r 3 , 7 n
i k 14 r
ei n, k n n n n , i k k r
ei 35 . e o i
i 36 i 48 . e

 ?
e n o p i / i dn
, a i i e , o
i a o p dn :
k , a , p i e e n /g e
r

t bn n , i m i e

n m oi o e 100%
i, kt n , bn o
o g r n u i n m
ek e (, , n, a
u) n o d k e c nen- e a c ee ( ) e p c n-en-
p e o e t k b n n-en-
e 8-9 o o e al k p k
m k g a ee-i n , k
n en c g ee c
g u n-en- p g i dt i
mn a , ek i/ s, a , ieo ( ) i g
i n i e o a ee-
g i o ee o a gi a
, a sk pk e ei un u a kt
g e o
a n-en- o a ee
p ai ic n en go g

e b n i o e , i, , am, ,
a b n
d n-en- e c o e d c i d
l-s i e p

e ee ioe

ee kt pdnd c i a n en kt e

i u i c e ee o , e
o
n a n c i e g p e
n n e ee
ee ee p b n d c e i a i n
nt g n i k

grt /
1 CCD (Charge-Coupled Device): e CCD
CMOS c grt o i e k n
n e ei e k e d
un u t
n k d n
k d
g n e

k
ki k
pn u akn i
i a ei k
s m

s i

c 6"x4" k p e pn u 7"x5" pn 3
k i !
2 Lens: n 2
grt i Nikkon, Canon,
Olympus mg i n
pst , Sony, Casio,
Panasonic mg
n

3 Zoom: n Zoom k grt ' i' a c d st n

, ' u' a c st n d di p:
a o a kt n a n st
ei
st n m
i e p a
e h
u: g pg
i ,
,
p , k a
k
dt a
k a o p
: 5.8-17.4mm, 35-105mm i p a k
105/35=3 a 3X Optical Zoom b a c n dt
4 Focusing Range: n d e st Focusing Range p
a (infinity) dt st , st (Macro)
i ul : 1.6 ft (0.5 m) to infinity (wide), 3.28 ft (1.0 m) to infinity (telephoto), 8
in. (0.2 m) (close-up) i
5 Aperture: n Iris Diaphragm ul Aperture b n
p nt Iris Diaphragm d Aperture / e
n p f/# n i e
p
6 Shutter Speed: n o e
n p e a Shutter release
button ei alk n s c n o
() o e n o i a k
nt ei e no , kt o s 1/90, 1/125,
1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/1500 n p o Aperture o Shutter
Speed n

7 Exposure n: Aperture o Shutter Speed e ni m n s e

e n o ek ( ujj) m
n ek ( ) p
g Aperture o Shutter Speed nt
k a eg i nt
o i
Pre-programmed Exposure Mode ,
k o : Landscape, Portrait, Sunset,
Beach/Snow, Backlight, Macro, Night Scene, Fireworks, Panorama, Sports i

8 ISO (Sensitivity): e c e , CCD CMOS
s k Low ISO Rating -e a e a ek
p High ISO Rating -e ul ISO 100 - ISO 400
ISO Rating
9 Imaze Stabilazator: i p e ek ei
image stabilization a vibration reduction systems ek
i s n eo Optical Stabilazator
grt,
10 Viewfinder/LCD Display: st k uin i
c uin a e p nt i
e p ,
p p uin uin o p di p p
p k 3 i ( ) o u
11 Autofocus: n i u a n
uin/p
n ei n
i a
12 White Balance: as p d
sm p i n
p kt
n e

 p as
13 Flash: k built-in flash 3-5 dt a, a, a o
io n iu
Infrared sensor o dt es a
External Flash Unit , kt ee
14 Red Eye Reduction: -nt a

n k i o
n as i i k o i
p n i
ei e Red-Eye Reduction Flash Mode
15 Continuous Shot Function: dr st () k ( )
Continuous Shooting Burst Mode ei ag
() e g
o dr
16 Video with sound: un o e o o ,
o k h p e
17 File Format: p i i : JFEG, TIFF e RAW JFEG
(l ) p a i i ap o grt
TIFF o p i i RAW p ,
m
18 Storage Media: (12 MB - 32 MB) i al i
kt u
o ul CompactFlash, Secure Digital, SDHC, xD
Picture, Memory Stick, MicroDrive, and SmartMedia. SD o SDHC c h o
2GB - 4GB i i
4GB 10 MP JFEG p 1150 o 8 MP 1450

19 Power Sources: h o e p d p
l i a
) Lithium Ion , e i e a i
p 8-12 n ( d ) n i o
n a k m
e
) Lithium Ion , u i, c e ,
ei , e ek e s n i

) Rechargeble AA NiMh ( n ) e a kt o
k mAh n
20 Interfaces: USB a

21 Self-timer option: gr ei a i
s u ei a 5-10 n
i
22 Photo Editing Software: e e o o
m ei pg u is e
23 In-Camera Photo Editing: i s In-Camera Photo Editing ei
p e : / s -, i ,
ap a , k i

r
1 e e 8 k o u
2 st i
i

3 , i, , am-e p b n a i e
n e n un
4 ieo n k r, e p
5 n i r k k
m
6 p en kt e e on
e o

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e a as! p
30 iu i / i PDF
u a p
u o a i
p i experiment r r s!

a
k h a
1) a a r
2) grt st/ k uin/ e ( n n) m r
3) a (uc 50%) e s e
pg m

e , a

4) e a u ei h e

5) u/ p a
ul , n o as p- pg a k
e m

r i r
o u r i e e ,
o mu i g p i ei
s r di e e o
o pdndr a rn e o i ast
, o , g i e l e k , e g o
e a o e k o
e g g e g en a g .....
g p , nt e , ,

e a e n , ei n ,
g e o i g d p i

ek (Exposure)
g p e n ei b a i e i g k r
u ? e n i,
k u p e i u e u (photo sensitive)
e k s , "
ek "
i, i e ek o u
u ek ei n
ek n i o ek i
ek o ek ek
n en ek ag , ek
st p ek
st ek
ek n (a ) e dr n n
(s) ei ek p ISO
u

a , s ei n ek unk p
ek "EV" EV a f/1, s 1 n e ISO 100
p s dg a a n a EV
1 usr, 6 EV 5 EV a ujj n al
i oek e u EV
e ei ine ek
e i e ek n a , s e m
o m ISO 100, a f/8, s 1/125s ek 13 EV ei ISO ,
a f/5.6 (d dg ), e s dg 1/250s o 13 EV
a f/8 e s ISO dg 200, e s a 1/250s o 13 EV
h ISO o
a , i s ek p e s
e p a , s e
ek , ujj us o ek s, u f-
e/a a p ,
a s ek ei s p ,
nt kt s
d "ek " s e a m ek
ISO k " " LV ei i LV i ek
e tr m , a s nt ISOo

a e a-ISO

e a i s EV o r n
ek e e a ,
s ISO r APEX s "ujj " (Brightness Value) BV
o e ISO "" e
ek
i s ek a i ek
i e pu e p o "i " ("EV
Compensation") nt m e -2.0EV +2.0EV n p 0.5
0.3EV ei -5.0 EV +5.0 EV n
k r , "i " e 1 "i" 1 , a dg o r
a a f/8, s 1/125s e ISO 100 o u -
13EV ek e sg ,
e nek c (a ancn c) +1.0 EV "i "

e s 1/60s a f/5.6 e "i"

12EV, dg
i , i "i "
ujj st ujj i "i
" -0.3 -0.7 EV

a (Aperture)
e an/
eo i

-- i

(a ) - ei i a
e (f) p ; f2, f8....f32 i e
(a p ), kn e
(a p ) i g t ---p kt
e g

( gun e gun e) ii ek

a ( 1 n e) e e (f16 f22) e

( d s )
gun ii u d ul r a ek
( 1/250 n e ) e e (f8 )
i e e ek ; e
gun nt gun k s u
m

e p u i e

ieo

e) c ( i/ ns/ gun/ gun) e

as u u
g n
i g g t

a ek e a l mk d a e a
a a s 1.4 e (2
e s r; ) e d a a

n a d
a, a e ,
n mk , 25 .. a
e 100 .. n n 50
.. a e 200 .. n
d kti a e n o 1/4 i
a p n g
p g ei
-a g f- o n
, u u 1/4 f/4 F4 1:4 p

e , d a e
1.4 e i f/4 e fstop f/4 x 1/1.4, f/5.6 g d
c, n f/4 f/5.6 e
a , n i
n f/ a i
f- n g, f- ""
a

c a n
n "c a " " n o"
a e s s k
ek n c a a
(u. f/2), "dr" n a dr s , e
eko o p al st e n
ng oi e e e u pn k a u, 28-100mm
f/3.5-5.6 28-100mm f/2.8 e c i k a f/2.8 h
e n a e
r d a kt A e B d a a kt B, A e
a
A/2 = B
(D2)/2 = d2
D/2 = d
D/1.41 = d

 s (Shutter Speed)
l n u k ei s n
l n e nt d e nt e n
s usr, 1/125s e s 1 n 125 e
i n i g e n i
d p i d p n nt e
i u i
1 n g p p g e p a
e p s a u: 1/2s, 1/4s, 1/8s, 1/15s, 1/30s, 1/60s,
1/125s, 1/250s, 1/500s, 1/1000s, 1/2000s, 1/4000s, 1/8000s, i hk ek kt
s n p : 8s, 4s, 2s, 1s
s st u e c s
n n u t 1/(focal length)
e o

ei e

i i

s i e
s o n

s i ekt
gun e ek o (u
b 1/125s
s) s s a
e s s s s
g i i e m
m (a )
s ( 1/200 sec)
g ( ) pu
e p s p ek e
ekt ek r s

i.e.o (ISO)
i.e.o i Light Sensitive e
? o i
? e "" ""
n , i e
kt , a o i.e.o e p
kto e i.e.o e 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600,
... i a s , a o eio
i.e.o 100 800 a
j oi i, i i.e.o 100 200
n n i.e.o 800/1600

i.e.o e o , i.e.o , grain noise

i i.e.o ieo k (a n
), ei ek i i g

ieo- t ---p kt ieo i g

s ieo 400 p eio kt a i e a
ek i gi ieo- s ak ( i) e kt ieo i
ak e s e i e ak

ieo i d
ak (

, , , i ) e i

ieo m (p) e e ek i (
s )
e ak

i ieo i

i e ek

e c u
k u , k i
p
e ei p u

k u
u nt , p c u
ei i nt ei i
i di
1) ek i : e e u u ei
k u k u
2) i i : e e
e
e i p u ek ( ) nt
e i? n n
u , e p s n e-?
ei u i o j i i i e
p s ei 18% g
o k
u , ek ( s, e, i e o) ,
k ek i bin
oi 18% g e ei i
i i c i 18% g
e , u
i o ? 2 e, e g g
ek a di, ek , e o
p p 18% g e ek
i e
u eg
i o

1) Evaluative Metering (i ): Evaluative

Metering a i Evaluative/Matrix Metering ei
g l ei e
e p ,
g ei e ( n
ek o ek ) ei e ,
u , e
a , oo e
,
i e nt c u
i ?
2) Partial Metering/Spot Metering ( s
): ei e e

//u/ e
n k i n
e i ,
i , ei iu u i
l
iu i i i k
ek u s iu e
e a
Center-Weighted Average Metering ( n o e ):
ei kt ek , e o
, n ek , e o
p ei ei g e k e e

e ee e e k s
ee e i -/+ o p
, View Finder e e "-" n ek
"+" o ek ei n a
s

k k
k en k k
i i i rn i p k k
k k i u e
e 10 k , p 3872 k ps
p 2592 k k 3872 g 2592 = 10036224 k 10
k i i i i a i
k k

m
ei p , ei e? e e e e e
, n s i e e u,
u e m // i nt u
i, a 2 i ei n
m e u
g i g m e n , i
m g , o i
m e nt ei gi eig c t, g
t o a e g ,
r

k
p p i e n i i k nt
i , e ... i e n ,
c ?
e u i, s nt / n
i, e n en a i i

 u, i i ? u i
? a d p i e e
n , k,
k

n e (Isolate the Focal Point)

k k grt k
n n ? n i n e n
s i n
n , g as a
a k grt en
a n o a u i
n ...a ei o kt, gr n
s r , e s n ak , e
e , m ei nt c e n

r a
u ai uin/ sk c r a ei
n a e g a e m r
ei o a

"#" ei i e g n i g k

ig " l " k l 4 e
ei , 75 %g ei a i
p ei a ii e ,
....
r i
pi
( ) e
a k
a e
k nd

 k nd i k o

e s , d b a
ekt k eg eg e
mm e
pi n b
st st u
n , ei i
a e grt
a o e di
p e p 90 g e a p 135 g e
p i di m st !
4 .p (Landscape) g r
( o ) ekt o s
( ) a u
a s ei
k kto

a l
a l (DOF) n as st e
" " ( e) e nt a , st t, n
e l n u
t a (kd f- , u f/2) a a l ekt p n i
kd a (t f- , u f/11) a l ekt p n
e

ei u ul h u s 0.7 t 70
n p u u i c , a
f/2.4 e kt p a kd a f/8 e kt e e
o p c
st o a l ei a l

kd n t a l u sr, 28mm n e f/5.6 a

ei a 70mm n a l

a l
a l n nt u e pp kt
h - 35mm
r, n a n n e st k oi a n
i ei st , a k pp st d kt
ei o k pk n stg k as n
st n n ei as k nt ei

33 oi a

33 oi a a ) h(

st ei dt 80 n k r
ekt 33 n ei k

 e oi a n st e
, g , st d i
c k n d st s
t m n e
c st t ei n k
e kt; k k
c ei n (33) st o s k d st
k t
, n k a as st k
as oi a n k a as st k
as
k st dt m, nt n m
oi a n , n k, o,
n mk

n a n n n dt () n a dt
l n u n l n u as ekt st
("in focus") n e l n u ps
n i t a (field of view, FOV) ei
a n l FOV e
m 35 l p e n pk FOV p 35
l
35 l g, 50
n n "s" n , e
r i o
a
ei n a di 46 g
oi a n ( n) a
, a t
a n ( n)
a t a h
h n u :
20mm=Super Wide Angle, 24 to 35mm=Wide Angle, 50mm=Normal Lens, 80 to 300mm = Tele,
300 mm to more= Super Tele n a

 e k p a s
a s

35 n
35 l p n
ekt n g ei n 35 n n
e s

a e
a e t c
a = c n / m n
u sr, 28-280 n a c 280/28 10X e c a
(280) st oi a (28) st 10 g a
e a sk

t (Bokeh) i
g as (Blur) e st e
stg u-a- t b ei ; 2000 t e
ul o
b boke ' ut boke a (Blur) as (hazy) i
uc boke e h bokeh [2] b n e
e i uc n k " ", " ", "", " -ei", " -" [3]
p e uc

al st u a ; s s sl
(Shallow depth of field) nt a n e m
(f m ) nt d
u: (1) n e , (2) n t
p e a f m , n p f=1.8 n

 f=5.6 m e
j k - n-t (Circle of confusion) e
d n n
m a st 200 t
ek o , 35 e
200-e e 1.8e , 5.6e

(Bokeh quality)
n st e ul pm l u ( kt ne u) , o , st i
n-e u as sg k t ei
, e n b e nt , u
n o p

n (Spherical

aberration) i n , (
n) t n as t (t 2(b)
d ), un n t (t 2(a) d ) n
un o e n i

, (a) un n t (b) n t t
o gun m, a i gun t
st i ul o

 u o
gun
o t kt gun- e a
, i ,
st u-a- n
, ei tg
e
u
109 , ek 5.6/400
ek i n e
g t o n e
o , o 75, 5.6/250, e
p ,

e 135,
ek 5.6/200, e p ,
tg e
p gun
ajj

g
p d e ki s (1/30 1/125)
k j o p d e n s
asc k e e u (f
5.6-16/22) t e
g kt s k n

k,

e i u o a di
o p g n o , ki
n o , , i-

 i o k u t u e a
s n i k t a p e o
n ek g 100 200 ieo e
a g k i ei
g l u- e k e
s kt i
- u e ai
kt s
i i

a
1. i i a i- i i u- e u
n
2. ai k nt oi g
i p ic al i p
ei g o k o l 2006
e l , l e in
3. ai
s , i s i
4. a i r e p nt
i ei a i
o m e s
a e e d