DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : B. Balaji
Designation : HAEIE
Branch : Applied Electronics & Instrumentation
Institute : Govt Polytechnic for Minorities, Guntur
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation – I
Subject code : AEI-305
Topic : PH Measurement
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : Definition of PH
Teaching Aids : PPT’s, Diagrams
AEI 305.56 1
 Objectives

Upon completion of this period, you would be

able to know about

• Definitions PH

• Range of PH

• Examples for Acids & bases

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 Definition of PH

• pH is a process variable to be measured and controlled

• Indicates how acidic or basic (alkaline) of a solution

• pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion

concentration

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• pH = - log [H+] = log 1/[H+]

[H+] = Hydrogen ion concentration in

moles(M)

• Lower-case letter p → -ve logarithm (base 10)

Upper-case letter H → Element of Hydrogen

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 Definition of PH…..

• PH value decreases with increase of [ H+]

• [ H+] = 10-4 M→PH = 4

• [ H+] = 10-7 M→PH = 7

• [ H+] = 10-9 M→PH = 9

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 Range of pH

• PH value lies between → 0 to 14

• PH < 7 → Acids

• PH > 7 → Base (Alkaline)

• PH = 7 → Neutral

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 PH scale

• pH scale is a series of numbers

• Expresses the degree of acidity/alkanity of a solution

Acid Base

Neutral

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 pH Hydrogen Ion (H+) Hydroxyl Ion (OH-)
Acid 0 1 0.00000000000001
1 0.1 0.0000000000001
2 0.01 0.000000000001
3 0.001 0.00000000001
4 0.0001 0.0000000001
5 0.00001 0.000000001
6 0.000001 0.00000001
Neutral 7 0.0000001 0.0000001
8 0.00000001 0.000001
9 0.000000001 0.00001
10 0.0000000001 0.0001
11 0.00000000001 0.001
12 0.000000000001 0.01
13 0.0000000000001 0.1
Alkaline 14 0.00000000000001 1

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AEI 305.56 9
AEI 305.56 10
 4.0% NaOH

Crackers

Blood

Pure Water

Milk

Beer

Tomatoes

Oranges

Lemons

4.9 % H2SO4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0

pH

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 PH scale…..

• Low pH → Strong Acid

• High pH → Strong Alkaline

• 0 → Strong Acid

• 14 → Strong Base

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 Examples for Acids & Bases
• Acids
→ HCL
→ Vinegar
→ Acetic Acid
• Bases
→ Ammonia (NH3)
→ Sodium Hydroxide (NaoH)
→ Aniline (C6 H5 NH2)
• Neutral
→ Pure water

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 Summary

We have discussed about

• pH is a representation of hydrogen ion concentration in a

solution

• pH is a –ve logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

• pH scale ranges from 0(strong acid) to 7(neutral) to

14(strong base).

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 Quiz

• Which is correct about pH

(a) pH = - log[ H+]

(b) pH = log 1/[ H+]
(c) [H+] = 10-pH
(d) all of these

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 Quiz

• If the pH of a solution is 3 then hydrogen ion

concentration in mole lit –1 is

(a) 1x10-1

(b) 2x10-1

(c) 1x10-3

(d) 3x10-2

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 Frequently Asked Question

Short type :

1. Define PH

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