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Chapter 10 Homework
Due: 9:00am on Thursday, October 22, 2009
Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy. [Return to Standard Assignment View]

Conceptual Question 10.2

Part A Upon what basic quantity does kinetic energy depend? ANSWER: Position Acceleration Speed Correct

Part B Upon what basic quantity does potential energy depend? ANSWER: Speed Acceleration Position Correct

Conceptual Question 10.12

A spring is compressed 1.1 Part A How far must you compress a spring with twice the spring constant to store the same amount of energy? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.78 Correct .

Conservation of Energy Ranking Task

Six pendulums of various masses are released from various heights above a tabletop, as shown in the figures below. All the pendulums have the same length, are mounted the same distance above the table and just do not strike the tabletop when released. Part A Rank each pendulum on the basis of its initial gravitational potential energy (before being released). Hint A.1 Gravitational potential energy Hint not displayed Rank from largest to smallest To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

View Correct

Part B Rank each pendulum on the basis of the maximum kinetic energy it attains after release. Hint B.1 Kinetic energy Hint not displayed Rank from largest to smallest To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

View Correct

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Part C Rank each pendulum on the basis of its maximum speed. Hint C.1 The role of mass Hint not displayed Rank from largest to smallest To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

View Correct

Stretching a Spring
As illustrated in the figure, a spring with spring constant is stretched from to , where is the equilibrium position of the spring.

Part A During which interval is the largest amount of energy required to stretch the spring? Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed ANSWER:

From From From

to to to

The energy required is the same in all three intervals. Correct

A graph of the force exerted on the spring versus the displacement of the spring is shown in the figure. Recall that on a graph of force as a function of position, the work done by the force is represented by the area under the curve. The work done by the hand in the first segment to pull the spring from to is represented by a single triangle. The area under the second segment from to is three times larger than the first segment, and the area under the third segment from the spring through the third segment. to is five times larger than in the first segment. So more energy is required to pull

Part B A spring is stretched from spring? Hint B.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed ANSWER: to , where is the equilibrium position of the spring. It is then compressed from to . What can be said about the energy required to stretch or compress the

More energy is required to stretch the spring than to compress it. The same amount of energy is required to either stretch or compress the spring. Less energy is required to stretch the spring than to compress it. Correct

The work done to stretch or compress a spring from equilibrium is given by ,

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where

is the distance away from equilibrium that the spring moves. Since

is squared in the equation for work, stretching (

) or compressing (

) a spring by the same distance requires the same

positive amount of work.

Part C Now consider two springs A and B that are attached to a wall. Spring A has a spring constant that is four times that of the spring constant of spring B. If the same amount of energy is required to stretch both springs, what can be said about the distance each spring is stretched? Hint C.1 How to approach this problem

The work done to stretch or compress a spring is given by , where is the distance away from equilibrium that the spring is displaced.

Use this expression to relate the information provided about the work done on each spring and the spring constants to the distance each spring stretches. Hint C.2 Use proportional reasoning to find a relationship between the springs

From the problem statement you know that , where

and .

Use this information to find an expression for

ANSWER:

= Answer not displayed

ANSWER:

Spring A must stretch 4 times as far as spring B Spring A must stretch 2 times as far as spring B. Spring A must stretch the same distance as spring B. Spring A must stretch half the distance spring B stretches. Spring A must stretch one-quarter of the distance spring B stretches. Correct

The energy required to stretch a spring is proportional to

and to

. If

is four times

must be half that of

, so the energy required is the same for both springs.

Part D Two identical springs are attached to two different masses, and , where is greater than . The masses lie on a frictionless surface. Both springs are compressed the same distance, , as shown in the

figure. Which of the following statements descibes the energy required to compress spring A and spring B?

ANSWER:

Spring A requires more energy than spring B. Spring A requires the same amount of energy as spring B. Spring A requires less energy than spring B. Not enough information is provided to answer the question. Correct

Good job; you have realized an important fact. The work done on a spring to compress it a distance compress the spring.

is given by

. The amount of mass attached to the spring does not affect the work required to stretch or

Spring Gun
A spring-loaded toy gun is used to shoot a ball straight up in the air. The ball reaches a maximum height spring. , measured from the equilibrium position of the

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Part A The same ball is shot straight up a second time from the same gun, but this time the spring is compressed only half as far before firing. How far up does the ball go this time? Neglect friction. Assume that the spring is ideal and that the distance by which the spring is compressed is negligible compared to . Hint A.1 Potential energy of the spring

The potential energy of a spring is proportional to the square of the distance the spring is compressed. The spring was compressed half the distance, so the mass, when launched, has one quarter of the energy as in the first trial. Hint A.2 Potential energy of the ball

At the highest point in the ball's trajectory, all of the spring's potential energy has been converted into gravitational potential energy of the ball. ANSWER: height = Correct

Problem 10.9
A 59.0 Part A What speed does he need at the bottom? ANSWER: 8.52 m/s Correct skateboarder wants to just make it to the upper edge of a "quarter pipe," a track that is one-quarter of a circle with a radius of 3.70 .

Problem 10.21
A student places her 460 Part A What is the book's speed as it slides away? The spring constant is 1850 . physics book on a frictionless table. She pushes the book against a spring, compressing the spring by 8.90 , then releases the book.

ANSWER:

5.64 m/s Correct

Problem 10.25
A 44.0 Part A marble moving at 1.90 strikes a 30.0 marble at rest. What is the speed of each marble immediately after the collision?

ANSWER:

= 0.359 m/s Correct

Part B

ANSWER:

= 2.26 m/s Correct

A Bullet Is Fired into a Wooden Block

A bullet of mass is fired horizontally with speed at a wooden block of mass rest within the block, the block, with the bullet in it, is traveling at speed . resting on a frictionless table. The bullet hits the block and becomes completely embedded within it. After the bullet has come to

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Part A Which of the following best describes this collision? Hint A.1 Types of collisions Hint not displayed ANSWER:

perfectly elastic partially inelastic perfectly inelastic Correct

Part B Which of the following quantities, if any, are conserved during this collision? Hint B.1 When is kinetic energy conserved? Hint not displayed ANSWER:

kinetic energy only momentum only kinetic energy and momentum neither momentum nor kinetic energy Correct

Part C What is the speed of the block/bullet system after the collision? Hint C.1 Find the momentum after the collision Hint not displayed Hint C.2 Use conservation of momentum Hint not displayed Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = Correct , , and .

A Girl on a Trampoline
A girl of mass kilograms. For this problem, use meters per second per second for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity. kilograms springs from a trampoline with an initial upward velocity of meters per second. At height meters above the trampoline, the girl grabs a box of mass

Part A What is the speed Hint A.1 of the girl immediately before she grabs the box? How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Initial kinetic energy Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Potential energy at height Hint not displayed Express your answer numerically in meters per second. ANSWER: = 4.98 Correct

Part B What is the speed Hint B.1 of the girl immediately after she grabs the box? How to approach the problem

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Hint not displayed Hint B.2 Total initial momentum Hint not displayed Express your answer numerically in meters per second. ANSWER: = 3.98 Correct

Part C Is this "collision" elastic or inelastic? Hint C.1 Definition of an inelastic collision Hint not displayed ANSWER:

elastic inelastic Correct

In inelastic collisions, some of the system's kinetic energy is lost. In this case the kinetic energy lost is converted to heat energy in the girl's muscles as she grabs the box, and sound energy. Part D What is the maximum height Hint D.1 that the girl (with box) reaches? Measure with respect to the top of the trampoline.

How to approach the problem Hint not displayed

Hint D.2

Finding Hint not displayed

Hint D.3

Finding Hint not displayed

Express your answer numerically in meters. ANSWER: = 2.81 Correct

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.6%. You received 59.73 out of a possible total of 60 points.

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