DYEING OF BLENDS

DYEING AND PRINTING

SUBMITTED BY: ABDUL ROLL NO 1 BALARAJ ROLL NO 7

INTRODUCTION OF DYEING

Dyes are colorants that are applied to, or formed in, a textile substrate in a molecularly dispersed form

They derive their colour from the conjugated double bonds in their molecular structure.

Dyes must be soluble or capable of being made soluble in the medium in which they are applied, or they must themselves be molecularly

dispersible into the fibers.

METHODS OF DYEING UNION DYEING

Different fibers may require different dyes to obtain the same colour This may be done by putting the appropriate colour dye that is specific to each type of fiber into one dye bath.

It gives color uniformity and same shade in dyeing It gives low fastness.

CROSS DYEING

Cross dyeing produces varied effects. Either the warp or the filling yarns may be stock-dyed or yarndyed, one set of yarns being left undyed.

The fabric is piece-dyed after weaving; thus, colour is given to the undyed yarn in a second dye bath, and the yarns that were originally stock-dyed or yarn-dyed acquire some additional coloring, which blends with the piece-dyed portion of the fabric.

PIGMENT DYEING

Blends can be dyed in a uniform shade with one operation applicable to all fibers.

Pigment coloration is economical because of limited number of processing steps.

PIGMENT DYEING
Advantages:

It has an extensive color range and high light fastness. It has satisfactory wash fastness. The possibility of combining dyeing and finishing exists with pigment coloration.

Products must be selected so that finish and binder react under same conditions of pH and/or temperature.

PIGMENT DYEING
Disadvantages

Heavy shades crock badly. Light shades may wet crock. Pigment adversely affects hand. The large amount of binder required may stiffen fabric. This is most noticeable on very thin fabrics.

Pigment coloration may have sticking or buildup on pad rolls. Migration (uneven coloration) may occur if drying is variable or pickup is high.

JIGGER DYEING OR BATCH DYEING

In jigger dyeing, fabric is first loaded on the draw rollers of the jigger. Steam is used to heat the water present in the trough of jigger. Fabric is rinsed and washed and then water is discharged. Dye solution is mixed in the bath and is heated by the steam. Fabric runs through this solution till it gets the required degree of dye fixation and shade matching.

JIGGER DYEING OR BATCH DYEING

Fabric runs through this solution till it gets the required degree of dye fixation and shade matching.

After fabric gets dyed, hot dye bath is discharged. Fabric is then washed to remove unfixed dye.

JET DYEING-BATCH DYEING

In jet dyeing, jet is filled with water and fabric is supplied in the form of rope by fabric injector.

Jets are interconnected in series which causes movement of fabric.

JET DYEING-BATCH DYEING

Dye solution is prepared in separate tanks and pumped into jet at 120130 degree Celsius.

Fabric is dipped in rope form in the dye bath till fixation. Hot dye bath is discharged and washed with cold water to remove unfixed dye.

THERMOSOL DYEING-CONTINUOUS DYEING

Fabric is dipped in dye bath and heated with infrared in infrared section.

After heating, fabric is dried and cured in curing section at high temperature.

THERMOSOL DYEING-CONTINUOUS DYEING

At this high temperature dyes are fixed to the fiber. After dyeing, fabric is subjected to hot or cold washing depending upon the quality of fabric and the type of dye employed.

IMPORTANT FACTORS IN SELECTING DYES FOR BLENDS

Dye auxiliaries Dye bath temperature Stress on fabric Retarding agents Dye molecule blockage Fibers on which dyes are applied

DYEING OF POLYESTER AND COTTON BLEND

Polyester and cotton blend can be dyed by:
1. 2. 3.

Vat and Disperse dye. Direct and Disperse dye. Reactive and Disperse dye.

BATCH DYEING METHOD OF POLYCOT BLEND

TWO BATH METHOD: Polyester is dyed in one bath and then reduction clearing is applied to remove unfixed disperse dye. Cotton is then dyed with direct dye in one bath. ONE BATH TWO STEP METHOD: Dye bath is first prepared with disperse dyes and dyeing assistants. Blended polycot is then dipped in the dye bath which is having boiling temperature. Dyeing bath is cooled to dyeing temperature of cotton and then reactive dyes are used.

BATCH DYEING METHOD OF POLYCOT BLEND

REVERSE METHOD: It is a two bath dyeing method in which cotton of polycot blend is dyed with reactive dyes. Polyester of polycot blend is dyed with disperse dye. The process is then reversed.

CONTINUOUS DYEING OF POLYCOT BLEND

In continuous method polyester is dyed with disperse dye by thermosol method

Cotton is dyed with vat dyes by continuous pad dye method. Dye pad consists of vat dyes and disperse dyes with acetic acid of ph between 4.5 to 5

Anti migrant, dispersing agent and wetting agent (0-5gm/l) is used.

DYEING OF POLYESTER WOOL BLEND

Poly wool blend can be dyed by:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Disperse and acid dyes. Acid metalized dyes. Selected direct dyes. Selected reactive dyes. Chrome dyes.

DYEING OF POLYWOOL BLEND BY TWO BATH METHOD

Polyester is dyed first in dye bath1. 2.

Disperse dyes with dye carriers are used. Acetic acid and ammonium acetate is used to maintain pH in between 5-6.

3.

Temperature is raised to the boiling or slightly above boiling level (1050C) for 45 to 60 min

4.

Reduction clearing carried out with hydrosulphite (3g/l), ammonia

(3g/l), and nonionic detergent (1g/l), at 50- 550C for 20min.

DYEING OF POLYWOOL BLEND BY TWO BATH METHOD

Wool is then dyed with acid dyes:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Dye bath is prepared at 500 degree Celsius. Acid dyes and acid containing 2%H2SO4 is used. Sodium sulphate is used as a leveling agent. It is run for 5 to 10 min Temperature is increased gradually at a rate of10degree Celsius/min to boil while agitating.

6. 7.

The material for 50 to 60 min. Then the yarn is rinsed with cold water and dried.

DYEING OF POLYWOOL BLEND BY ONE BATH METHOD

Polywool blend is dyed by one bath method to achieve light to medium shades.

The dye bath contains the disperse and acid dyes, a dye carrier, a dispersing agent, ammonium acetate, and acetic acid of pH 5-6.

The temperature is raised slowly to boil over 45 min. Dyeing is continued at 100-105 degree Celsius for 60 minutes. After dyeing material is washed with nonionic detergent at 60 degree Celsius.

DYEING OF POLYESTER VISCOSE BLEND

DYEING BY TWO BATH METHOD:

In first bath polyester is dyed with disperse dye. Reduction clearing is done by using Sodium Hydrosulphite, Setamol WS at 80 degreeCelsius. Check for Colour Bleeding, if heavy colouraration is occuring then repeat the reduction clearing process.

Overflow wash and drain.

Hydrogen peroxide at 60 0C, drain

DYEING OF POLYESTER VISCOSE BLEND

Viscose is dyed in a separate bath using water and pre dissolved color.

Temperature is raised up to 70 degree Celsius. Pre dissolved gluabers salt (50gm/l) and soda ash (20gm/l) is added. Formic acid is added to neutralize.

DYEING OF COTTON VISCOSE BLEND

Cotton and viscose can be blended by using:
1. 2. 3.

Direct and Disperse dyes. Reactive and Acid dyes. Direct and Acid dyes.

DYEING OF COTTON VISCOSE BLEND

Both fibers are dyed with the same dyes It is normally dyed by Tone on Tone dyeing. Viscose has higher affinity for dyes and normally dyes deeper than cotton.

Mercerization of cotton reduces differential shading. Longer dyeing times favour exhaustion of dye into viscose.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.p2pays.org/ref/12/11959.pdf CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF TEXTILES BY V.A.SHENAI TEXTILES FIBER TO FABRIC BY V.B.COBMAN www.wikipedia.org

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