Professional Documents
Culture Documents
15 November 2011 John C. Mankins President, Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC Past Chair, International Academy of Astronautics Commission III Santa Maria, California USA
Introduction
Challenges for Energy for the US National security strategy to reduce reliance on foreign petroleum Affordable and assured power for US Government, Defense and Commercial Operations when and where needed
o o o
Power for ambitious future Government / Commercial Space Operations / Missions Energy effectiveness and efficiency for soft power outreach to US international partners, allies, and those in need
November-2011
Space Solar Power Status & Progress
Pg_ 3
November-2011
pg. 4
Space applications @ 1 MW and greater within 6-10 years Ground applications @ MW (~ 10-15 yrs) to GW (~15-20 yrs) Globally dispatchable and affordable power for DOD bases / operations at levels ranging from MW to GW Secure, uninterruptable power for remote assets Infrastructures / Technology Diverse New System Capabilities (succeed or fail in commercial power vision) Space MW and greater for future space operations, low cost inspace transportation, arbitrarily large apertures, ISAAC, etc. Cyber deployment of selected assets in space vs. ground Air Radiant energy / WPT driven Synthetic Fuel Production
Space Solar Power Status & Progress
Pg_ 5
Secondary Impacts:
o
o o
November-2011
US Energy Security
o
Support for the national security strategy to reduce reliance on foreign petroleum, and provide an assured energy advantage Establish a new, & scalable option for commercial markets, including peak power, and baseload power markets (up to 100s GW and more) Critical outreach to international partners, allies, and those in need (e.g., in disaster relief, economic development, etc.) Energy-rich operations for space exploration & science; dramatic improvements in commercial satellite services; core capabilities in advanced propulsion, in-orbit servicing, and in-orbit refueling
US Commercial Markets
o
Background
November-2011
Large systems, assembled out of identical intelligent (and reconfigurable) elements, have the potential to radically reduce the cost of space operations--for the right applications Assemble SPS from a small number (e.g., 5-7) of distinct systems modules, these mass produced
November-2011
Pg_ 9
November-2011
pg. 10
DOD
Energy IPT
DDR&E ?
LMSC
Boeing
Northop Grumman
Others ?
Planetary Power
Solaren
Space Island
DARPA
Planning F-6
DSB
Energy Reprot
Raytheon
TEXAS GHP
Artemis
Space
NREL
EADS
SSPS Project
JSC
ISS Expts
SBIR NIAC
SBIR
DOE
SET P
ARPA-E
SNLA PNL
NASA
JPL GRC
OCT
U of Vienna U of Glasgow
ESA
SSP
Others ?
University of Tokyo
Discovery Channel / Managed Energy WPT Expt
Kobe University
IECEC Session
MIT
Internal SSP W/S Foundation For the Future W/S
NSF
Solar R&D
JAXA
SSP Related R&D
Mitsubishi
AIAA
Power Committee
Kyoto University
IAA
IAA Comm, 3 Study Group
SPS 2009
SPACE CANADA
SSP Alliance
IAF
NSS & ISDC
2008
ISTS
2008
USEF
SSP Studies USEF/ CSP Japan
Euro SSP Assessment
China
Italy
?
SRR
JUSTSAP ?
India
UAE?
November-2011
p. 12
Determine what role solar energy from space might play in meeting the rapidly growing need for abundant and sustainable energy during the coming decades, Assess the technological readiness and risks associated with the SSPS concept, and (if appropriate) Frame a notional international roadmap that might lead the realization of this visionary concept. Identify and evaluate opportunities for synergies (if any) between the prospective benefits of SSP technology and systems for space missions and SSPS for terrestrial markets. Identify the opportunities to introduced extraterrestrial materials into an SSPS industry and assess potential connections between international lunar exploration programs now being undertaken and SSPS.
In addition
o
November-2011
p. 13
Study Approach
Study Goals and Objectives Formulation of Global Scenarios for Energy & Environment
Limits Analysis
Focused Studies
Systems Concepts
Systems Analysis Results (Cost Estimation, Limits, Curves)
SPS
Supporting Systems
Earth-to-Orbit Transportation In-Space Transportation
In-Space Assy, Maintenance & Servicing Ground Energy & Interface Systems
SPS
SPS Roadmap
Space Applications
(Space Science, Earth Science, Others) (e..g, Education, Commercial, Qual of Life)
Other Benefits
November-2011
p. 14
November-2011
p. 15
Artwork:
SpaceWorks Engineering Inc.
November-2011
Space Solar Power Status & Progress
pg. 16
November-2011
p. 17
November-2011
p. 18
TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS
SPS PLATFORM GENERIC TECHNOLOGY RQTS
Class A
Class B
Class C
!Wave Classic !Wave Amplifiers (FET, magnetron, etc.) High Voltage PMAD High Power Rotating Couplers Light Weight Large Area PV! Moderate Temp Thermal Mgt! !
!Wave Sandwich FET Amplifiers Highly Modular Low Voltage PMAD Low mass Optics (w/ Reflectors) High Temperature Electronics! Moderate Temp Thermal Mgt! !
Laser WPT Solid State Diode Lasers Mid- to HighVoltage PMAD Near-Visible Beam Expanders Large, Lightweight Structural Systems In-Space Assembly & Construction (Robotics / Interfaces) Reusable Launch Vehicles (High TW Engines, TPS, Hot Structures, etc.) Affordable In-Space Transportation (High TW Engines, TPS, EP, etc.) In-Space Refueling (Cryogens, EP Fuels, etc.)
DRAFT
Modular GN&C / Avionics Modular CMD / Communications High-Efficiency Photovoltaics Radiation Tolerant Electronics Radiation Tolerant Photovoltaics
November-2011
p. 19
SPS Type-II
SPS Type-I
SPS Type-III
November-2011
p. 20
November-2011
p. 21
November-2011
p. 22
Establish the foundational architecture for hyper-modular SPS Advance critical component technologies (continuing effort) Demonstrations at successive levels of maturity, using emerging technologies on ground, in air and in space Ongoing systems analysis / engineering to guide R&D investments Analytical verification, supported by key technology / component tests Initial ground demonstration of prototype modular systems; LEO demonstration of a subscale demo satellite; and GEO demonstration of an operational pilot plant
November-2011
Pg_ 24
Waste Heat Component Efficiencies Platform Mass SAMS ETO Cost In-Space Transport Cost Autonomy
Programmatic
o o o
Policy
o o
November-2011
Pg_ 25
End-to-End Systems Studies, Critical Proof-of-Functionality Demonstration (TRL 5) Projected Total Cost: $10M Integrated Systems Design Studies, Supporting Technology Experiments / Demos, LEO SPS Flight Demo Designs, LEO-GEO transport Concepts, and GEO SPS Demonstration Concepts Projected Total Cost: $10M (Systems Design Studies), $150M$50M (Remainder)
Further Technology Advancements, Major Ground Demos, LEO SPS Flight Demos @ ~ 100 kW, LEO-GEO Transport Demos, GEO SPS Demo Designs, Very Low-Cost ETO Concepts Projected Total Cost: $750M $250M Further Technology Advancements, LEO-GEO Transport Operational, GEO SPS Demonstration @ ~ 10 MW delivered, Very Low-Cost ETO Designs Projected Total Cost: $10B
Back-Up Slides
FINDINGS (1 of 2)
Finding 1: Fundamentally new energy technologies clearly appear to be needed during the coming decades under all examined scenarios both to support continued (and sustainable) global economic growth, and for reasons of environmental/climate concerns. Solar energy from space appears to be a promising candidate that can contribute to address these challenges. Finding 2: Solar Power Satellites appear to be technically feasible as soon as the coming 10-20 years using technologies existing now in the laboratory (at low- to moderate- TRL) that could be developed / demonstrated (depending on the systems concept details). Finding 3: Economically viable Solar Power Satellites appear achievable during the next 1-3 decades, but more information is needed concerning both the details of potential system costs and the details of markets to be served. Finding 4: An in-depth end-to-end systems analysis of SSP/SPS is necessary to understand more fully the interactions among various systems / technologies for different concepts and markets; however, no such study has been performed since the conclusion of NASA s Fresh Look Study in 1997. Finding 5: Low-cost Earth-to-orbit transportation is an enabling capability to the economic viability of space solar power for commercial baseload power markets
November-2011
Space Solar Power Status & Progress
p. 28
FINDINGS (2 of 2)
Finding 6: Systems studies are not enough. Technology Flight Experiments (TFEs) to test critical technology elements and Technology Flight Demonstrations (TFD) that validate SPS systems concepts to a high level of maturity ( TRL 7 ) appear to be essential in order to build confidence among engineers, policy makers, and the public and allow space solar power technology maturation and SPS deployment to proceed. Finding 7: Architectural approaches that most efficiently and seamlessly integrate energy delivered from SPS into existing terrestrial energy networks are likely to be the most successful. (The same is true for any transformational new energy technology.) Finding 8: The SPS concept is sufficiently transformational and entails enough technical uncertainties such that major systems level in-space demonstrations will be necessary to establish technical feasibility, engineering characteristics and economical viability before any organization is likely to proceed with full-scale development. Finding 9: A variety of key policy-related and regulatory issues must be resolved before systems-level demonstrations particularly space based tests of SPS and WPT can be implemented
November-2011
p. 29
RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendation 1: Both government-supported and commercially funded SSP systems analysis studies should be undertaken that have sufficient end-to-end breadth and detail to fully resolve the R&D goals and objectives that must be achieved to establish the viability of SSP. Recommendation 2: Future economic analyses should examine the potential role of non-space related government and international funding agencies in contributing to the development of SPS. Recommendation 3: Government and commercial organizations should consider undertaking SSP and related technology R&D, including platform systems and supporting infrastructures (e.g., ETO, in-space transportation, in-space operations). Recommendation 4: The necessary policy and regulatory steps to enable SPS/WPT and related R&D to be conducted leading to systems-level demonstrations should be undertaken in the near term by government, commercial and other interested organizations. Recommendation 5: International organizations, such as the International Academy of Astronautics, should play a constructive role in fostering and guiding future SSP/SPS studies, technology developments and policy deliberations
November-2011
Space Solar Power Status & Progress
p. 30