Science of Supplementation 2010

HealthBenefitsofNutritionalSupplements
SelectedReadingsfromtheLast20Years(19902010)

CompiledbyUSANAResearch&Development USANAHealthSciences 3838WestParkwayBlvd. SaltLakeCity,UT84120 Updated:October2010 Copyright2010,USANAHealthSciences,Inc.
Foreword

Theimportanceofnutritionforhumanhealthhaslongbeenrecognized.Priorto1960, interestinthisfieldfocusedprimarilyontheetiologyandpreventionofacutenutrient deficiencydiseases,suchasscurvy,rickets,andpellagra.Some50essentialnutrients(vi tamins, minerals, antioxidants, cofactors, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids) wereidentified,andrecommendeddailyintakesforthoseessentialnutrientsweredevel oped.Theserecommendations,inturn,provedvaluableineradicatingacutenutrientde ficiencydiseases. Duringthepast20years,attentionhasshiftedtotheroleofdietandnutritioninthepa thogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases. Heart disease, some cancers, osteoporosis, typeIIdiabetes,andmaculardegenerationarewellknownexamplesofdiseaseswithdie taryriskfactors,andresearchiscurrentlyunderwayonmanymorenutrientdiseaseinte ractions. Unfortunately, these associations are difficult to study, in part because of the timeframesinvolved.Chronicdegenerativediseasesdevelopoverdecades(orlifetimes), and it is extremely difficult toconduct re search programs spanning more than sev We recommend that all adults take eralyearsinlength.Nevertheless,advances one multivitamin daily. This practice is in epidemiological and clinical research justified mainly by the known and sushaveuncoveredagreatdealofinformation pected benefits of supplemental folate and vitamins B12, B6, and D in about the impact of diet and nutrient in preventing cardiovascular disease, takesonlongtermhealth. cancer, and osteoporosis Over the past decade, science and health We recommend multivitamins, rather than individual vitamins, because mulcare researchers have paid increasing at tivitamins are simpler to take and tention to the role of nutritional supple cheaper than the individual vitamins mentsaspossibledietarycomponentswith taken separately and because a large roles in preventing and treating chronic proportion of the population needs supplements of more than one vitadisease.Hundredsofscientificstudieshave min." beenconductedandpublished,eachspan ning a broad range of potential health is -Fletcher RH, Fairfield KM. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applicasues. These studies have employed a wide tions. 2002. JAMA 287:3127-9. variety of methodologies and they have
2|HealthBenefitsofNutritionalSupplements:SelectedReadingsfromtheLast20Years(19902010).Copyright2010,USANAHealthSciences,Inc.
producedbothpositiveandnegativeresults.Insomeareassuchastheroleofcalcium andvitaminDsupplementsinslowingtheprogressionofosteoporosis,ortheroleoffol icacidsupplementsinpreventingcertainbirthdefectsresultshavebeenlargelyconsis tent,andthesenutrientshavebecomeanacceptedpartofmodernhealthcarepractices. Inotherareas(e.g.theroleofantioxidantsupplementationinpreventingheartdisease), resultshavebeenlessconsistent,andfirmconclusionsremaincontroversial. Thefollowingisanenumerativebibliographyofpeerreviewedresearchexaminingposs iblehealthbenefitsofnutritionalsupplementsandfunctionalfoods.Thislistisnotex haustive.Papershavebeenselectedonthebasisofscientificmeritandrelevancetothe field, regardless ofwhether positive ornegative resultswere obtained. Our objective in compilingthislististoprovidereaderswithagoodcrosssectionofrecentscientificlite rature,withhopesofcontributingtoabetterunderstandingofthecurrentstateofnutri tionalresearch. Forconvenience,referenceshavebeensortedbyhealthissue: CardiovascularHealth Cancer BoneandJointHealth HealthyPregnanciesandHealthyBabies ImmuneFunction HealthyVision Other

ThesestatementshavenotbeenevaluatedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration.NoUSANAproductisintendedto diagnose,treat,cure,orpreventanydisease.
CardiovascularHealth
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HealthyVision
607. AgeRelatedEyeDiseaseStudyResearchGroup.A A daily dose of 10 mg lutein supplemenrandomized,placebocontrolled,clinicaltrialofhighdose tation induced an increase in mean supplementationwithvitaminsCandE,betacarotene,and plasma lutein by a factor of 5 and a lizincforagerelatedmaculardegenerationandvisionloss.2001. near 4-week increase in relative MP ArchOphthalmol119:141736. [macular pigment] density of 4% to 5%. 608. AgerelatedEyeDiseaseStudyResearchGroup.Aran To our knowledge, this is the first study in domized,placebocontrolled,clinicaltrialofhighdosesup which the effects of intake of lutein have plementationwithvitaminsCandEandbetacaroteneforage been assessed with objective measurerelatedcataractandvisionloss.2001.ArchOphthalmol ment techniques. In particular, the SLO119:143952. based technique provided very reliable 609. AgeRelatedEyeDiseaseStudyResearchGroup.The results. With this technique all subjects RelationshipofDietaryCarotenoidandVitaminA,E,andC showed a significant increase in MP denIntakeWithAgeRelatedMacularDegenerationinaCase sity. ControlStudy:AREDSReportNo.22.2007.ArchOphthalmol 125(9):122532. - TTJM Berendschot, et al. (#612) 610. AREDSResearchGroup.Arandomized,placebo controlled,clinicaltrialofhighdosesupplementationwith vitaminsCandE,betacarotene,andzincforagerelatedma culardegenerationandvisionloss.2001.ArchOphthamol119:141736. 611. AREDSResearchGroup.Arandomized,placebocontrolled,clinicaltrialofhighdosesupplementation withvitaminsCandEandbetacaroteneforagerelatedcataractandvisionloss.2001.ArchOphthamol119:143952. 612. BerendschotTTJM,GoldbohmRA,KloppingWAA,vandeKraatsJ,vanNorelJ,vanNorrenD.Influenceof luteinsupplementationonmacularpigment,assessedwithtwoobjectivetechniques.2000.InvestOpthamolVisSci 41(11):33226. 613. BernsteinPS,ZhaoDY,WintchSW,ErmakovIV,McClaneRW,GellermannW.ResonanceRamanmea surementofmacularcarotenoidsinnormalsubjectsandinagerelatedmaculardegenerationpatients.2002.Oph thalmology109(10):17801787. 614. BersonEL,RosnerB,SandbergMA,WeigelDiFrancoC,BrockhurstRJ,HayesKC,JohnsonEJ,AndersonEJ, JohnsonCA,GaudioAR,WillettWC,SchaeferEJ.Clinicaltrialofluteininpatientswithretinitispigmentosareceiv ingvitaminA.2010.ArchOphthalmol128(4):40311. 615. BirchEE,CarlsonSE,HoffmanDR,FitzgeraldGustafsonKM,FuVLN,DroverJR,CastaedaYS,MinnsL, WheatonDKH,MundyD,MarunyczJ,DiersenSchadeDA.TheDIAMOND(DHAIntakeAndMeasurementOf NeuralDevelopment)Study:adoublemasked,randomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialofthematurationofinfantvis ualacuityasafunctionofthedietarylevelofdocosahexaenoicacid.2010.AJCN91(4):84859. 616. BoneRA,LandrumJT.Distributionofmacularpig mentcomponents,zeaxanthinandlutein,inhumanretina. We found that high dietary intake of vi1992.MethodsinEnzymology213:3606. tamin E and zinc was associated with a 617. BoneRA,LandrumJT,MayneST,GomezCM,Tibor lower risk of incident AMD [age-related SE,TwaroskaEE.Macularpigmentindonoreyeswithand macular degeneration]. An abovewithoutAMD:acasecontrolstudy.2001.InvestigativeOph median intake of the combination of vithalmologyandVisualScience42(1):135240. tamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc 618. BrownL,RimmEB,SeddonJM,GiovannucciEL,Cha was associated with a 35% lower risk of sanTaberL,SpiegelmanD,WillettWC,HankinsonSE.A incident AMD. prospectivestudyofcarotenoidintakeandriskofcataractex tractioninUSmen.1999.AmJClinNutr70(4):51724. - R van Leeuwen, et al. (#673) 619. BursellSE,ClermontAC,AielloLP,AielloLM, SchlossmanDK,FeenerEP,LaffelL,KingGL.Highdosevita minEsupplementationnormalizesretinalbloodflowand

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