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TRNG I HC HNG HI
B MN: K THUT MY TNH
KHOA: CNG NGH THNG TIN
BI GING
LP TRNH
GHP NI THIT B NGOI VI
TN HC PHN
M HC PHN
TRNH O TO
DNG CHO SV NGNH
: LP TRNH GHP NI
THIT B NGOI VI
: 17311
: I HC CHNH QUY
: CNG NGH THNG TIN
HI PHNG - 2010
MC LC
Chng 1: Cc chun ghp ni. .................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Cng song song ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1. Cu trc cng ................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2. Trao i cng song song vi ng dn tn hiu ......................................................... 6
1.1.3. Lp trnh cng song song ............................................................................................. 8
1.2. Cng ni tip ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1. Cc c trng in p ................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2. Khn mu khung truyn ............................................................................................. 10
1.2.3. Cc vn truyn thng ............................................................................................. 11
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng .......................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Bus ni tip a nng - Gii thiu chung ..................................................................... 12
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu ............................................................................................... 13
1.3.3. Truyn d liu ni tip ............................................................................................... 14
1.3.4. Phn cng, phn mm v kt ni h thng ................................................................. 14
1.3.5. Chun USB 2.0 ........................................................................................................... 15
1.4. Khe cm m rng .............................................................................................................. 15
1.4.1. BUS ISA 16 bit ........................................................................................................... 15
1.4.2. BUS PCI ..................................................................................................................... 17
1.4.4. Ghp ni qua khe cm m rng.................................................................................. 18
Chng 2. Bus Ghp ni a nng ............................................................................................. 20
2.1. t vn .......................................................................................................................... 20
2.2. Tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng ................................................................................... 20
2.3. Cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB ............................................................................... 21
Chng 3. Vng o in p ....................................................................................................... 23
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in .................................................................................. 23
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA ....................................................................................................... 23
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA ....................................................................................................... 24
3.4. Vng dng in 4 n 20mA .............................................................................................. 25
Chng 4. Cc mch iu khin vi b bin i A/D ............................................................. 26
4.1. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107 ........................................................................... 26
4.2. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547 ........................................................................... 26
4.3. Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit............................................................................................... 27
Chng 5. T ng ha vi PCL S7-200 .................................................................................. 29
5.1. B iu khin kh trnh PCL ............................................................................................. 29
5.2. Son tho chng trnh vi PCL ....................................................................................... 30
Chng 6. H vi iu khin 8951 .............................................................................................. 33
6.1. Cu trc phn cng ........................................................................................................... 33
6.2. Tp lnh ............................................................................................................................. 35
-1-
L thuyt
30
Thc hnh/Xemina
15
T hc
0
Loi hc phn: 2
Khoa ph trch: CNTT
Tng s TC: 2
Bi tp ln
0
n mn hc
0
TN CHNG MC
Chng I. Cc chun ghp ni.
1.1. Cng song song
1.1.1. Cu trc cng
1.1.2. Trao i cng song song vi ng dn tn hiu
1.1.3. Lp trnh cng song song
1.2. Cng ni tip RS-232
1.2.1. Cc c trng in p
1.2.2. Khun mu khung truyn
1.2.3. Cc vn truyn thng
1.2.4. Lp trnh cho cng ni tip RS-232
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng
1.3.1. Gii thiu chung
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu
1.3.3. Truyn d liu ni tip
1
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
-2-
TN CHNG MC
1.3.4. Phn cng, phn mm v kt ni h thng
1.3.5. Chun USB 2.0
1.3.6. Cc kiu truyn v phn mm iu khin
1.3.7. Lp trnh Bus ni tip a nng
1.4. Khe cm m rng
1.4.1. BUS ISA 16 bit
1.4.2. BUS PCI
1.4.3. BUS AGP
1.4.4. Ghp ni qua khe cm m rng
Chng II. Bus Ghp ni a nng
2.1. t vn
2.2. Tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng
2.3. Cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB
Chng III. Vng o in p
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA
3.4. Vng dng in 4 n 20mA
Chng IV. Cc mch iu khin vi b bin i A/D
4.1. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107
4.2. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547
4.3. Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit
4.4. B m tn s dng cho my tnh
Chng V. H vi iu khin 51
5.1. B iu khin kh trnh PCL
5.2. Son tho chng trnh vi PCL
Chng VI. H vi iu khin 51
6.1. Cu trc phn cng
6.2. Tp lnh
6.3. Kt ni iu khin bng 8951
1
1
1
1
2
0.5
0.5
1
3
1
0.5
0.5
1
3
0.5
0.5
1
1
2
1
1
2
0,5
1
0,5
-4-
TN TN HIU
Strobe
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Acknowledge
10
11
13
Auto Linfeed (T ng
14
np dng)
Error (C li)
15
CHC NNG
Cc ng d liu ( 8 ng )
Reset (t li trng 16
thi my in)
Select Input (La chn 17
li vo)
Ground (Ni t)
18-25
Qua bng trn ta thy cp ni gia my tnh v my in bao gm 25 si, tuy nhin
khng phi tt c cc si cp u c s dng nh vy chng ta c th tn dng dy cp
ny nu c mt vi si b t.
-5-
Hai lnh sau y xut ni dung ca thanh ghi AL sang thanh ghi iu
khin ca LPT1.
MOV DX,37AH; Np a ch ca thanh ghi iu khin cng LPT1 vo thanh ghi DX
OUT DX,AL; Mang ni dung ca thanh ghi AL sang thanh ghi iu khin ca LPT1.
Cc vi mch Motorola loi MC1488 v MC1489 hon ton tho mn cc thng s k thut
ny. Cc yu cu v mt in c quy nh trong chun RS232C nh sau:
1. Mc logic 1(mc du) nm trong khong -3V -> -12V; Mc logic 0 (Mc trng) nm
trong khong +3V -> +12V.
2.Tr khng ti v pha b nhn ca mch phi nm trong khong 3000 -7000.
3. Tc truyn nhn cc i 100 Kbit/s.
4. Cc li vo ca b nhn phi c in dung <2500pF.
5. di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ghp ni qua cng ni tip khng th
vt qu 15 my nu khng s dng modem.
6. Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun l 50, 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, ..., 56600 baud (bit/s).
1.2.2. Khun mu khung truyn
c im ca ng truyn d liu qua cng ni tip l tin hnh truyn v nhn trn
cc ng dn n l, cho nn khi thit b truyn v thit b nhn c ghp ni vi nhau th
ng truyn bn ny s c ni vi ng nhn bn kia v ngc li. C nh vy mi hnh
thnh c vng kn ca qu trnh truyn d liu. lu mi quan h bt cho tay nh vy
ngi ta a vo du x gia TD (TxD) v RD (RxD). Vic truyn d liu qua cng ni
tip RS232 c tin hnh theo kiu khng ng b, trong khun mu d liu c bit bt
u, bit dng c ch ra nh hnh v sau:
Bit bt u ~ mc 0, tip theo l 7 bit d liu 1000001,1 bit chn l 1, cui cng
l 2 bit dng 11.
- 10 -
K t /s
11
30
60
120
240
480
960
1920
5660
.
:
- 11 -
0,1 ms.
-
.
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng
1.3.1. Bus ni tip a nng - Gii thiu chung
C th ni MT t khi ra i khng ngng pht trin. Hin nay my tnh PC vn
ang c ci tin nhm nng cao nhng tnh nng ca h thng. Nhng hng chnh l:
+ Tip tc ci tin b vi x l cng nh a ra nhng b x l mi.
+ Ci tin cc h thng ha, v d: card AGP
+ Nng cao tc ca ng h h thng v ca chnh b x l.
+ Ci tin cc kin trc bus c bit cc cu PCI.
+ Hon thin cng ngh cm v chy (plug and play) v qu trnh t ng ci t.
c bit hon thin cng USB tr gip cho vic d dng ghp ni. Nu nh my tnh
dng ngun AT c hai cng RS 232 th pha sau cc my tnh i mi thng dng
ngun ATX u c 2 cm USB. Cng USB thc cht l BUS ,bi v qua c th u
ni ng thi rt nhiu thit b ngoi vi vi nhng chng loi khc nhau. V vy, c th
gi bus USB l bus ni tip a nng theo ng ngha ca n.
Bus USB nhm thng nht cc kiu ghp ni my tnh khc nhau v mt dng u
ni v v vy kh nng ghp ni my tnh qua USB tr nn ht sc hp dn . Cc giao
din song song ni tip, cc my ghp hnh nh s... u c th u ni vo bus USB.V
vy trong tng lai bus USB s thc s tr thnh bus a nng.
V ngun gc USB c a ra s dng u tin vo nm 1996, phi n gia nm
1998 mi thc s c h tr y v th hin vai tr ca n. Cc thng k k thut
ca USB c cc cng ty ln cng tham gia xy dng.Trong phi k n
Compaq, Digital Equipment, Nothern, Telecom, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC. C th ni
bus USB nhanh chng tr thnh mt chun khng chnh thc. Ngi ta cng sn xut
ra mt card m rng cho php cm vo cc my tnh i c to ra 2 cng USB . Sau
khi USB c gii thiu c nhiu thit b s dng trong lnh vc in t dn dng,
truyn thng c thit k ni vo vi bus ny v Microsoft vit phn mm h tr
cho USB t nm 1998. Trong win 95 th USB c h tr rt y .
USB l mt bus ni tip v d liu truyn trn bus tng t nh trong cng ni tip.
C th l theo tng bit mt ni tip nhau. Nhng c mt im ng lu l d liu c
truyn trn cng cc ng dn theo 2 hng trong khi theo tiu chun RS232 th d
liu c truyn trn cc ng dn khc nhau nhng trn mi ng ch theo mt
hng. S khc nhau c bn th hin ch cc giao din ni tip t trc n nay ch c
th s dng cho mt thit b nhng bus USB li cho php u ni n 127 thit b.V vy
c gi l mt bus. Mi thit b u vo u nhn mt a ch v thg qua a ch ny
thit b c th trao i d liu vi my tnh cng nh cc thit b khc v a ch ny
c m t bng 7 bit.
V mt tc , vic trao i d liu qua bus USB nhanh hn so vi qua cng RS
232.Trn thc t vn tc truyn c th t c 12Mbps trn cc ng dn d liu. Di
thng s c phn chia cho tt c cc thit b c u ni trn bus .Vi bus USB loi
1.0 tc truyn d liu ln ti 12 Mbps, nhng version 2.0 vn tc t ti 480Mbps
- 12 -
vn gi c tnh tng thch phin bn 1.0. Bus USB c mi lin quan cht ch vi
c tnh cm chy cc my tnh PC i mi trong khi my tnh ang hot ng, thit
b c th c u vo hoc tho ra m khng cn tt in ngun nui trong my tnh.
c tnh c gi l u ngt nng. H thng t nhn bit mt thit b mi c u vo
thit b USB v lp tc np phn mm iu khin hay tp m thch hp.
Nhng c tnh c bn ca bus USB c th k ra l:
+ Cc b truyn m thi c th hiu l truyn lin tc h tr cc tn hiu video
v m thanh vi cc ng truyn ng thi th cc thit b truyn d liu theo kiu m
thi v theo kiu on trc .
+Bus USB h tr cc thit b khng ng thi, cc thit b c quyn u tin cao
nht (cc thit b m thi cng nh ng thi c th tn ti cng mt thi im).
+Cc thng s k thut cm chy cc cp v cch kt ni u c tiu chun ho
rng ri trong cng nghip.
+Cc Hub c sn xut thnh nhiu tng vi kh nng m rng cc mc gn nh
v tn v cc thao tc xy ra ng thi.
+Tc truyn l 12Mbps vi cc kch thc gi d liu khc nhau.
+H tr nhiu yu cu v gii thng t mt vi Mbps n 19 Mbps.
+H tr tc truyn d liu trn mt phm vi rng cc gi tr thng qua vic u
tit kch thc b m gi d liu v c ch tim n(latency), c kh nng cm nng (hot
plug). Ngha l cho php thit b ngoi vi c th c ni m khng cn phi tt ngun
nui cung cp in cho my tnh. C th u, ngt v thay i cu hnh ca thit b ngoi
vi mt cch linh hot .
+Kh nng qun l nng lng c tng cng vi cc ch ngh trn phm
vi h thng.
+T nhn dng thit b ngoi vi kiu mi, t ng v bn chc nng i vi
phn mm iu khin v cu hnh.
+H tr cho cc thit b loi khc nhau vi nhiu cng ngh khc nhau.
+iu khin lung d liu thng qua b m bng vic qun l giao thc t sn bn
trong.
+C th x l li v hon tr li.
+H tr kh nng nhn dng cc thit b mc li.
+Giao thc n gin trong vic thc hin v tch hp.
USB l mt kin trc bus cn bng trong qu trnh hot ng my ch USB ng
vai tr iu khin di thng ca h thng. Mi thit b c gn mt a ch mc nh
khi thit b USB c cp in ln u hoc c t li. Mt c im c bn khc na
ca USB in p ngun nui (+5v) c th nhn c t bus. Cc thit b c cng sut tiu
th nh c th s dng trc tip in p trn bus m khng cn c ngun nui ring.
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu
USB c hai kiu u ni khc nhau c gi l A,B. H thng y c thit k
sao cho khng xy ra hin tng u ni nhm. Bus USB s dng cp ni 4 si dy
ni vi cc thit b ghp ni. Trong c mt cp ng truyn 2 si xon c dng
lm ng dn d liu vi phn, k hiu l D+ v D-. Cn mt cp kia dng lm ng
5V v ng ni t chung. Cp ni lun c thc hin lin kt 1:1. S sp xp cc
chn u ni cp tun theo nhng quy nh sau:
Hai cm USB pha sau my tnh i mi nht u l kiu A, qua c th u
trc tip thit b USB vo my tnh. Cc thit b c tc thp nh chut c th u
thng vo cm ny bng mt phch cm cng kiu A.
- 13 -
- 15 -
- 16 -
- 17 -
- 19 -
i tng
cn kim tra
My pht tn
hiu
Thit b o
a nng
My o cng
sut RF
My o tn
s
My tnh
8 ng
d liu
GPIB
3 ng
bt tay
Cc ng tn
hiu
5 ng qun l
giao din
Ni t
Cc bus trong h thnga IEEE-488/GPIB c th chia thnh 3 loi : bus d liu, bus bt
tay v bus qun l. Mi ng dn trong tng bus u c 1 vch in tng t vi mch
in. Ben cnh it bo v mc song song vo in dung phn b k sinh, cng c cc in
tr ni ln ngun v ni xung mass, xc iinh mt cc c hiu qu tr khng li va tiu
chun ha.
- 21 -
Vcc
B iu khin
BUS
B nhn
- 22 -
Chng 3. VNG O IN P
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in
Thay cho vic dng mc ien p, vic truyn d liu cn c th c tin hnh nh s
chuyn mc dng in (thay i gi tr dng in).
C th tm hiu vng dng in thng qua v d v th l vng dng in 20 mA. Giao
din vng dng 20 mA ra i trc khi RS-232 c xem l mt tiu chun. Giao din ny
cn c gi l giao din TTY hoc thng c gi l vng dng in, m t trng thi
login qua tc ng cho khng cho 1 dng in vi cng 20mA i qua, ngha l vic gi
d liu c th quan nim 1 cch n gin nh vic ng mch cho dng ien chy qua.
Giao din dng 20mA c chia thnh 2 phn : ch ng (c ngun dng khng i 20 mA)
v b ng ( ngun dng khng i 20 mA c to ra pha thit b ghp ni). Nh vy, bao
gi cng mt trong cc thnh vin kia l b ng. c th ch ng to thnh mt mch kn
i vi dng in loi giao din dng 20 mA dng cho my tnh PC c cha 1 b bin i
DC/DC, qua giao din cung cp ng lng 2 chn ni cc vng gi v nhn c th
hot ng
giao din dng 20 mA c nhng tn hiu sau :
- TxD (+) d liu gi (ng dn v)
- TxD (-) d liu gi (ng dn i)
- RxD (+) d liu nhn (ng dn i)
- RxD (-) d liu nhn (ng dn v)
Thng thng th giao din dng 20 mA khng c tn hiu dng bt tay khi thit
lp ng truyn. Vi giao din ny, vic truyn d liu trn khong cch c 1.000m hon
ton c th thc hin c bi v nhiu sinh ra trn ng truyn nh hng cm ng ln c
ng dn tn hiu i cng nh n v do vy b loi tr. Mun th ng dn i v ng
dn v phi t st nhau, sao cho khi mt tn hiu nhiu xut hin th cng nh hng ln c 2
ng tn hiu, chng hn c th dng loi 2 dy xon vi nhau lm ng truyn. Tt nhin
l vi cch giao tip ny khng th c c tc truyn cao.
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA
H thng dng 60 mA c m t theo hnh v di cho thy mt trong cc my in
bo in ch c th c ni vi cng li ra ni tip tng thch TTL nh th no. Trong nhiu
trng hp, mt bit ca mt cng song song s c cu hnh nh 1 cng ni tip thng qua
hoc l phn mm hoc l b sung thm cho phn cng. Bit c thp nht (LSB) ca cng song
song c ch nh nh u ra ni tip.
Mc TTL t cng ra ni tip iu khin cc gc ca tranzito cng sut NPN, chu in
p cao. Hai cc gp pht ca tranzito c u ni tip vi vng dng in 60 mA v nh
vy n hot ng nh mt chuyn mch (cng tc). Khi mc TTL l HIGH, tranzito T1 m
v dng in chy trong vng. Ngc li, khi bit TTL l LOW, tranzito chuyn sang trng
thi cm v s khng c dng in i qua mch. Do , tranzito cung cp mt mc logic 1,
khi bit TTL l HIGH, mc logic 0 khi l LOW.
Vng dng in c nui t ngun mt chiu 120 140 V, c mt bin tr iu chnh
c mc ni tip, uwocj s dng t gn ng mc dng in.
Mc dng in trong vng ien 60mA c iu chnh bng cch ngt vng v chn
vo mch mt mili ampe k vi thang o 0 100 mA.
Mt phm s c nhn trn bn phm, mtmc HIGH phi c vit vo cng li ra
ni tip. Tc ng ny s ng mch vng v cho php dng i qua. Chit p R2, c ni
vi bin tr, khi s tin hnh iu chnh cho dng in i qua xp x 60mA
- 23 -
X
R1
220
D1
IN4007
T1
MJE340
My in
bo 60 WPM
R2
Cng li ra
TTL, LBS
Ngun nui
130 V DC
Khi dng 60 mA vht qua cc cun dy s to ra mt t trng xung quanh tng cun.
Khi bt ng lm gin on dng in s lm cho t trng gim t ngt v xut hin 1 xung
in p cao do hin tng cm ng in t. Kt qu l xung in p ny co th lm hng cc
linh kin bn dn v ta phi ngh n kh nng a ra cc bin php bo v. Chc nng ny
c it D1 m nhim, it ny l loi chnh lu c in p ngc tnh theo nh bng
1000V (PIV). Bnh thng it D1 c thin p ngc, ch tr khi xung in p xut hin
ny mi b phn cc thun v dp t ngay xung in ny trc khi n kp gy hi.
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA
+5 V DC
R1
220
IC 1
D1
IN400
7
+
Li ra 20 mA
-
D liu
u vo
U1
Chun vong dng ien mi hn s dng dong in vi cng 20 mA chomc
logic 1 v dng in 0 cho n 2mA cho mc logic 0. Vng dng in 20mA c s
dng trn my in bo in ch Model 33 c ttt c cc kiu my k tip. Cc my s dng
dng 20mA u s dng m ASCII.
Hnh trn ch ra 1 phng php n gin cho php s dng b ghp ni quang ghp
ni cng truyn ni tip ca my tnh vi mt vng dng in 20 mA. Khi li vo d liu l
HIGH, c ngha 1 trng thi nh du mc logic 1, th li ra ca b o cc gp h (U1) s
- 24 -
My ghi Anlalog
My ghi Anlalog
Vng dng 4 - 20 mA
Vin 0
B bin i in
p ra dng in
Trong k thut iu khin cc qu trnh cng nghip, ngi ta thng s dng h thng
vng dng in truyn cc s liu o lng. Hnh trn th hin 1 h thng tiu biu, trong
3 thit b khc nhau thc hin nhim v trong cng 1 vng dng in.
Trn mt s b ch th dng in di dng s ang lu hnh trn th trng, ta thy di
o khng phait l 0-20 mA m l 4-20 mA. Cc b ch th ny cho php t 4 mA n 20 mA.
Mc ch ca vic s dng vng dng in ny l truyn cc gi tr nm trong 1 vng, m t
cc thng s ang c o. Ton b vng c rng l 10 mA, nhng do vic chn gi tr
nh nht l 4 mA c th tng dng in cc i n 20 mA. Nguyn nhn ca s lch, v
cung l mt trong nhng u im ca vng dng in 4-20 mA so vi cc vng dng in
khc l trng thi li vo 0 c biu din bi 1 dng in khc 0, c th l 4 mA. Do ,
trong vng dng in 4 - 20 mA c th d dng phn bit gia 1 gi tr tham s 0 v trng thi
dng in bng 0 do c s c trn mch vng (chp mch hoc t mch) lm mt i tn hiu
dng in.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by vng dng in 60mA
2. Trnh by vng dng in 20mA
3. Trnh by vng dng in 4 n 60mA
- 25 -
In +
Khi
iu
khin
logic v
gii m
a ch
B bin i
A/D
In -
....
Bus PC 8 bit
in p
so snh
....
B m
bus
in p nui ngun
- 27 -
-2 V . . . 0 V . . . + 2 V
-2 V . . . 0 V . . . + 2 V
B dn knh
B dn knh
B bin i A/D c
iu khin
B bin i D/A
B
phn
gii
B gii m a ch v m d liu
Bus my tnh
Phn th 2 l b bin i tng t/s c b tr sau b dn knh 8 li va, ngoi ra
cn c mch in iu chnh phn gii cho php n nh chnh xc ca b bin i
trong tng trng hp c th. chnh xc cng cao th s lng php o c thc hin
trong mt n v thi gian cng nh. c phn gii l 16 bit th thi gian bin i cho
mi gi tr o c 260 ms, tng ng tc x l l 4 php o mi giy. Khi chn phn
gii bng 9 bit c ti c 500 php o c thc hin trong 1 giy. Tm knh li vo c x
l k tip nhau qua b dn keenh v c nh gi nh lng bng b bin i A/D
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107
2. Trnh by Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547
3. Trnh by Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit
- 28 -
c th thc hin c mt chng trnh iu khin, tt nhin PLC phi c tnh nng
nh mt my tnh, ngha l phi c mt b vi x l (CPU), mt h iu hnh, b nh lu
chng trnh iu khin, d liu v cc cng vo/ra giao tip vi i tng iu khin v
trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh. Bn cnh , nhm phc v bi ton iu khin
s, PLC cn cn phi c thm cc khi chc nng c bit khc nh b m (Counter), b
nh th (Timer) v nhng khi hm chuyn dng.
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- 30 -
- 31 -
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by B iu khin kh trnh PCL
2. Thc hnh lp trnh PLC
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U2
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
19
18
9
31
P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
XTAL1
XTAL2
RST
P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INTO
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/TO
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
PSEN
ALE/PROG
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
29
30
EA/VPP
AT89C51
Port 0:
Port 0 l port c 2 chc nng cc chn 32 - 39 ca 8951. Trong cc thit k c nh
khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng I/O. i vi cc thit k c ln
c b nh m rng, n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
Port 1:
Port 1 l port I/O trn cc chn 1-8. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, p1.2, ... p1.7 c
th dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Port 1 khng c chc nng khc, v vy
chng ch c dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
Port 2:
Port 2 l 1 port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 21- 28 c dng nh cc ng xut
nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng.
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Port 3:
Port 3 l port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 10-17. Cc chn ca port ny c nhiu chc
nng, cc cng dng chuyn i c lin h vi cc c tnh c bit ca 8951 nh bng sau:
Bit
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
Tn
RXT
TXD
INT0\
INT1\
T0
T1
WR\
RD\
Cc ng tn hiu iu khin:
Ng tn hiu PSEN (Program store enable):
PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m
rng thng c ni n chn OE\ (output enable) ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m
lnh.
PSEN mc thp trong thi gian Microcontroller 8951 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca
chng trnh c c t Eprom qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong
8951 gii m lnh. Khi 8951 thi hnh chng trnh trong EPROM ni PSEN s mc
logic 1.
Ng tn hiu iu khin ALE (Address Latch Enable)
Khi 8951 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v bus d liu
do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn
hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht.
Tn hiu ra chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a
ch thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng.
Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c
dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc ca h thng. Chn ALE c dng lm ng vo
xung lp trnh cho EPROM trong 8951.
Ng tn hiu EA\(External Access):
Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1,
8951 thi hnh chng trnh t EPROM ni trong khong a ch thp 4 Kbyte. Nu mc 0,
8951 s thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun
12V khi lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8951.
Ng tn hiu RST (Reset) :
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset ca 8951. Khi ng vo tn hiu ny a ln cao
t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi
ng h thng. Khi cp in mch t ng Reset.
Cc ng vo b dao ng X1,X2:
B dao ng c c tch hp bn trong 8951, khi s dng 8951 ngi thit k ch
cn kt ni thm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s . Tn s thch anh thng s
dng cho 8951 l 12Mhz.
Chn 40 (Vcc) c ni ln ngun 5V.
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6.2. Tp lnh
Tp lnh h MSC-51 c s kim tra ca cc mode nh v v cc lnh ca chng c
cc Opcode 8 bit. iu ny cung cp kh nng 28= 256 lnh c thi hnh v mt lnh khng
c nh ngha. Vi lnh c 1 hoc 2 byte bi d liu hoc a ch thm vo Opcode. Trong
ton b cc lnh c 139 lnh 1 byte, 92 lnh 2 byte v 24 lnh 3 byte.
Cc mode nh v (Addressing Mode) :
Cc mode nh v l mt b phn thng nht ca tp lnh. Chng cho php nh r
ngun hoc ni gi ti ca d liu cc ng khc nhau ty thuc vo trng thi ca ngi
lp trnh. 8951 c 8 mode nh v c dng nh sau:
Thanh ghi.
Trc tip.
Gin tip.
Tc thi.
Tng i.
Tuyt i.
Di.
nh v.
Cc kiu lnh (Instruction Types):
8951 chia ra 5 nhm lnh chnh:
Cc lnh s hc.
ADD A, <src, byte>
ADD A, Rn
: (A) (A) + (Rn)
ADD A, direct
: (A) (A) + (direct)
ADD A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) + ((Ri))
ADD A, # data
: (A) (A) + # data
ADDC A, Rn
: (A) (A) + (C) + (Rn)
ADDC A, direct
: (A) (A) + (C) + (direct)
ADDC A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) + (C) + ((Ri))
ADDC A, # data
: (A) (A) + (C) + # data
SUBB A, <src, byte>
SUBB A, Rn
: (A) (A) - (C) - (Rn)
SUBB A, direct
: (A) (A) - (C) - (direct)
SUBB A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) - (C) - ((Ri))
SUBB A, # data
: (A) (A) - (C) - # data
INC <byte>
INC A
: (A) (A) + 1
INC direct
: (direct) (direct) + 1
INC Ri
: ((Ri)) ((Ri)) + 1
INC Rn
: (Rn) (Rn) + 1
INC DPTR
: (DPTR) (DPTR) + 1
DEC <byte>
DEC A
: (A) (A) - 1
DEC direct
: (direct) (direct) - 1
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DEC @Ri
DEC Rn
MULL AB
: ((Ri)) ((Ri)) - 1
: (Rn) (Rn) - 1
: (A) LOW [(A) x (B)];c nh hng c OV
: (B) HIGH [(A) x (B)];c Cary c xa.
DIV AB
: (A) Integer Result of [(A)/(B)]; c OV
: (B) Remainder of [(A)/(B)]; c Carry xa
DA
A
:iu chnh thanh ghi A thnh s BCD ng trong php cng
BCD (thng DA A i km vi ADD, ADDC)
Nu [(A3-A0)>9] v [(AC)=1] (A3A0) (A3A0) + 6.
Nu [(A7-A4)>9] v [(C)=1] (A7A4) (A7A4) + 6.
Lnh logic.
Tt c cc lnh logic s dng thanh ghi A nh l mt trong nhng ton hng thc thi
mt chu k my, ngoi A ra mt 2 chu k my. Nhng hot ng logic c th c thc hin
trn bt k byte no trong v tr nh d liu ni m khng qua thanh ghi A.
Cc hot ng logic c tm tt nh sau:
ANL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
ANL A, Rn
: (A) (A) AND (Rn).
ANL A, direct
: (A) (A) AND (direct).
ANL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) AND ((Ri)).
ANL A, # data
: (A) (A) AND (# data).
ANL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) AND (A).
ANL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) AND # data.
ORL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
ORL A, Rn
: (A) (A) OR (Rn).
ORL A, direct
: (A) (A) OR (direct).
ORL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) OR ((Ri)).
ORL A, # data
: (A) (A) OR # data.
ORL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) OR (A).
ORL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) OR # data.
XRL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
XRL A, Rn
: (A) (A) (Rn).
XRL A, direct
: (A) (A) (direct).
XRL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) ((Ri)).
XRL A, # data
: (A) (A) # data.
XRL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) (A).
XRL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) # data.
CLR A
: (A) 0
CLR C
: (C) 0
CLR Bit
: (Bit) 0
RL
A
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua tri 1 bit
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(A0) (A7)
RLC A
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua tri 1 bit c c Carry
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RR
RRC
SWAP A
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(C) (A7)
(A0) (C)
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua phi 1 bit
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(A0) (A7)
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua phi 1 bit c c Carry
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(C) (A7)
(A0) (C)
: i ch 4 bit thp v 4 bit cao ca A cho nhau (A3A0)(A7A4).
MOV @ A + PC
: (PC) (PC) + 1
(A) (A) + (PC)
MOVX A, @ Ri
: (A) ((Ri))
MOVX A, @ DPTR : (A) ((DPTR))
MOVX @ Ri, A
: ((Ri)) (A)
MOVX @ DPTR, A : ((DPTR)) (A)
PUSH direct : Ct d liu vo Ngn xp
(SP) (SP) + 1
(SP) (Drirect)
POP direct
: Ly t Ngn xp ra direct
(direct) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
XCH A, Rn
: i ch ni dung ca A vi Rn
(A) (Rn)
XCH A, direct
: (A) (direct)
XCH A, @ Ri
: (A) ((Ri))
XCHD A, @ Ri
: i ch 4 bit thp ca (A) vi ((Ri))
(A3A0) ((Ri3Ri0))
L lun.
8951 cha mt b x l lun l y cho cc hot ng bit n, y l mt im mnh
ca h vi iu khin MSC-51 m cc h vi iu khin khc khng c.
RAM ni cha 128 bit n v v cc vng nh cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit cp ln
n 128 n v khc. Tt c cc ng Port l bit nh v, mi ng c th c x l nh
Port n v ring bit. Cch truy xut cc bit ny khng ch cc lnh r nhnh khng, m l
mt danh mc y cc lnh MOVE, SET, CLEAR, COMPLEMENT, OR, AND.
Ton b s truy xut ca bit dng s nh v trc tip vi nhng a ch t 00H - 7FH
trong 128 vng nh thp v 80H - FFH cc vng thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
Bit Carry C trong thanh ghi PSW\ ca t trng thi chng trnh v c dng nh mt
s tch ly n ca b x l lun l. Bit Carry cng l bit nh v v c a ch trc tip v n
nm trong PSW. Hai lnh CLR C v CLR CY u c cng tc dng l xa bit c Carry nhng
lnh ny mt 1 byte cn lnh sau mt 2 byte.
Hot ng ca cc lnh lun l c tm tt nh sau:
CLR C
: Xa c Carry xung 0. C nh hng c Carry.
CLR BIT
: Xa bit xung 0. Khng nh hng c Carry
SET C
: Set c Carry ln 1. C nh hng c Carry.
SET BIT
: Set bit ln 1. Khng nh hng c Carry.
CPL C
: o bit c Carry. C nh hng c Carry.
CPL BIT
: o bit. Khng nh hng c Carry.
ANL C, BIT : (C) (C) AND (BIT) : C nh hng c Carry.
ANL C, /BIT : (C) (C) AND NOT (BIT):Khng nh hng c Carry.
ORL C, BIT : (C) (C) OR (BIT) : Tc ng c Carry.
ORL C, /BIT : (C) (C) OR NOT (BIT) : Tc ng c Carry.
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- 40 -
THI MU
1 :
Cu 1: Nu cu trc cng, ngha cc chn cm ca cng LPT.
Xc nh khun dng d liu ca cng COM l bao nhiu khi truyn i 5 k t
EFGHIvi 1 bit start,8bit a,1 bit Parity, 2 bit stop?
Cu 2:
X
Strobe
AutoFeed
V
Reset
D6
V
D7
Cu 3: Xy dng th tc cho php truyn v nhn d liu qua cng USB vi tham s
cho trc l a ch cng
- 41 -