ELECTROLYTIC CELL

PURPOSE
To understand the process of electrolysis

THEORY
Sel dan elektrolisis Dalam sel, reaksi oksidasi reduksi berlangsung dengan spontan, dan energi kimia yang menyertai reaksi kimia diubah menjadi energi listrik. Bila potensial diberikan pada sel dalam arah kebalikan dengan arah potensial sel, reaksi sel yang berkaitan dengan negatif potensial sel akan diinduksi. Dengan kata lain, reaksi yang tidak berlangsung spontan kini diinduksi dengan energi listrik. Proses ini disebut elektrolisis. Pengecasan baterai timbal adalah contoh elektrolisis. Elektroda yang digunakan dalam proses elektolisis dapat digolongkan menjadi dua, yaitu: - Elektroda inert, seperti kalsium (Ca), potasium, grafit (C), Platina (Pt), dan emas (Au). - Elektroda aktif, seperti seng (Zn), tembaga (Cu), dan perak (Ag). Elektrolitnya dapat berupa larutan berupa asam, basa, atau garam, dapat pula leburan garam halida atau leburan oksida. Kombinasi antara elektrolit dan elektroda menghasilkan tiga kategori penting elektrolisis, yaitu: 1. 2. 3. Elektrolisis larutan dengan elektroda inert Elektrolisis larutan dengan elektroda aktif Elektrolisis leburan dengan elektroda inert Pada elektrolisis, katoda merupakan kutub negatif dan anoda merupakan kutub positif. Pada katoda akan terjadi reaksi reduksi dan pada anoda terjadi reaksi oksidasi.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

Materials Na2SO4 solution molar KI solution molar Carbon electrode Equipments 2 U-tubes Wires Battery

Amylum Phenoptalein Universal indicator Statif Claps Platelet Pippet

PROCEDURE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Clean up the carbon electrode Clamp the claps on to the statif Clamp the U tubes on the claps Fill one U tube with Na2SO4 solution molar Fill the another U tube with KI solution molar Connect the carbon electrode with battery by using wires Put the carbon electrode to each mouth of the U tube Observe what happens in the U tubes! After sometimes take some samples from each U tube mouth Places the samples in the platelet, for each mouth become two a. for Na2SO4 solution molar drops phenoptalein and universal

parts on the platelet indicator until the color changes b. for KI solution molar drops phenoptalein for one part of each mouth and the othe part with amylum 12. Record the color changes

EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Na2SO4 solution Experiment Result 1. Initial solution color is colorless 2. After electrolysis process, solution color in : a) Cathode chamber is b) Anode chamber is

Data Bubble Phenolptalein Universal

Katode A lot of bubble, big bubbles Pink Purple

Anode alotof buble,small,smooth Colourless Red

Indicator KI solution On KI solution, on anode chamber the solution turn into yellow-red, which indicate the precipitate of Iodium . The data are: Experiment Result 1. Initial solution color is colorless 2. After electrolysis process, solution color in : c) Cathode chamber is d) Anode chamber is After electrolysis process take solution in cathode chamber use a pipet, and put in 2 test tube (2 mL). Add 2 drops of fenolftalein (PP) solution in 1st test tube, and add 2 drops of amylum into 2nd tube. Do this experiment also in anode chamber. 1. Initial solution color in cathode chamber is 2. Color of 1st test tube is 3. Color of 2nd test tube is 4. Initial solution color in anode chamber is 5. Color of 1st tube is 6. Color of 2nd tube is

Data Bubble Phenolphthalein Amylum

Cathode smooth bubbles Pink Colorless

Anode None Colorless Black

ANALYSIS DATA
Na2SO4 solution

Data 1. Based on changing of indicator color, what is produced (H+ or OH- ) in electro chamber? 2. If hydrogen gas (H2) was produced in cathode and oxygen gas (O2) was produced in anode, write half equation reaction in each electrode! 3. Explain about this result!

Analysis a. Cathode chamber : produced OHb. Anode chamber : produced H+

a. Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2 b. Anode: 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e-

a. If the cation come from alkali groups, the oxidator is H2O which become like the equation above b. If the anion come from oxy-acid, the reductor is H2O is become like the equation above

KI solution Data 1. What substances that produces in anode chamber? Explain! Analysis Iodium substances because in electrolysis if anoda is inert and the anion doesnt come from oxy-acid and OH- the reductor is the anion itself OH- because If the cation come from alkali groups, the oxidator is H2O which become like the equation : 2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2 a. Cathode : 2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2 b. Anode : 2I- I2 + 2ea. In electrolysis if anode is inert and the anion doesnt come from oxyacid and OH- the reductor is the anion itself b. If the cation come from alkali groups, the oxidator is H2O which become like the equation : 2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2

2. What substances that produces in cathode chamber? Explain! 3. Write the half equation reaction in each electrode! 4. Explain about the electrolysis result!

CONCLUSION
1. Electrolysis change electric energy into chemical energy

2.

Cathode reaction 1. Ions IA, IIA, Al3+, Mn2+ 2. Another metal ions 3. Acidic situation
water)

2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2 Mn+ +n e M 2H+ + 2e H2

Notes: ions of metal will be like the reaction number 2 if it is a liquid (without any

3. Anode reaction 1. Ions of oxy acid 2. Another ions 3. Basic situation

solute ions: MM n+ + n e

2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e2X- X2 + 2e4OH- 2H2O + 4e- + O2

Notes: in purification of metals anode is not pure metals which oxidizes into

REFFERENCES
http://chem-is-try.org http://wikipedia.org Foster, Bob. 2010. Koding Ganesha Operation Kelas XII. Bandung: Ganesha Operation.