GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE

COMMUNICATIONS (GSM)
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
OMC

MSC/VLR

BSC
E
BIE
A A PSTN
BTS bis MSC/VLR ISDN
BSS PSPDN

C
Um F H
HLR/
AUC EIR SC/VM
MS

MSS
Allocated GSM Frequency Bands
GSM900 : EGSM900 :
up: 890~915MHz up: 880~890MHz
down: 935~960MHz down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 25MHz ， bandwidth: 10MHz ，
frequency interval: 200KHz frequency interval: 200KHz

GSM1800 : GSM1900MHz:
up: 1710-1785MHz up:1850~1910MHz
down: 1805-1880MHz down:1930~1990MHz
duplex interval: 95MHz ， duplex interval: 80MHz ，
working bandwidth: 75MHz ， working bandwidth: 60MHz ，
frequency interval: 200KHz frequency interval: 200KHz
 GSM ENTITIES

holds all the switching functions manages the

MSC necessary radio resources

VLR dynamically stores subscriber information needed to handle

incoming/outgoing calls
HLR Manages the mobile subscribers database

AUC/EIR Authentication Center(s) (AUC)

Handling Mobile Station Equipment Identity

MS Equipment used by mobile service subscribers for

access to services.
INTERFACES

BTS
BIE BIE

MS U m interface Abis OMC

interface
BSC Q3 interface

SM SM TC MSC

Ate r interfac e A interfa ce

Fig.1-3 BSS Structure

TRAU

•Voice conversion
16kbit/s RPE-LTP  64kbit/s A-law PCM codes.
Typically TC is located between MSC and BSC.
Base Station Controller

BSC Managing Wireless network-BSS

Monitoring BTS

Controls:
Wireless link distribution between MS and BTS
Communication connection and disconnection
MS location, handover and paging
Voice encoding, transecoding (TC), rate, adaptation,
The operation and maintenance functions of BSS.
Base Transceiver Station
GSM Network Entity

BTS Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Wireless transmission
Wireless diversity
Wireless channel encryption
Conversion between wired and wireless signals
Frequency Hopping

BaseBand Unit:
voice and data speed adapting and channel coding
RF Unit:
modulating/demodulating, transmitter and receiver
Common Control Unit:
BTS operation and maintenance
CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS

14.4Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F14.4)

9.6Kbit/s FR TCH(TCH/F9.6)
4.8Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F4.8)
Data CH
4.8Kbit/s HR TCH (TCH/H4.8)
TCH
FR Voice Traffic Channel (TCH/FS)
Voice CH Enhanced FR Traffic Channel (TCH/EFR)
HR Traffic Channel (TCH/HS)

channel FCCH (down)

SCH (down)
BCH BCCH (down)

RACH (up)
CCH
CCCH AGCH (down)
PCH (down)
SDCCH
DCCH FACCH
SACCH
Channel Combinations

 Small capacity cell with only 1 TRX

TN0:
FCCH+SCH+CCCH+BCCH+SDCCH/4(0,_,3)+SACCH/C4(0,_,3);
TN1-7: TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF

 The medium-size cell with 4 TRXs

1TN0 group: FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH;
2 SDCCH/8(0,_,7)+SACCH/C8(0,_,7);
29 TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF
Cell Mode Layout

Omni-directional cell
O

Adopt omni-directional antenna ，

the overall directional propagation
characteristic is the same.

Directional cell

In general, cell with multi-sector is in

common use. Every directional cell
adopts directional antenna.
Traffic Measurements

Erlang :

the traffic intensity of a totally occupied channel (i.e.

the call hour of a unit hour or the call minute of a unit
minute). For example, the traffic of a channel occupied
for 30 minutes in an hour is 0.5 Erlang)

GOS:

defined as the probability of call blocking or the

probability when the call delay time is longer than a
given queuing time.
Frequency Hopping

Reason:
 counteract Rayleigh Fading
 scatter interference among multiple calls

Types:
Base band frequency hopping
keeps the transmission and receiving frequency of each carrier unit
unchanged, but merely sends FU transmission data to different carrier
units at different FN moments.
radio frequency hopping
controls the frequency synthesizer of each transceiver, making it hop
according to different schemes in different time slots.
Diversity ion Technology

The multi-path propagation of radio signals causes

magnitude fading and delay time.

 Space Diversity (antenna diversity)

 Polarization Diversity
orthogonal polarization diversity.
horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.

 Frequency Diversity
The working principle of this technology is that such
fading won’t take place on the frequency outside the
coherence bandwidth of the channel.
Frequency Reuse Pattern

D3 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2

C1 A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1

C3 B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3

A1 B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1

D2 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2
A1 D3

“4 × 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which are
distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Frequency Reuse Pattern

B3 A1 B2 B3 A1 B2

C1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1

C3 B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3

A1 B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1

A3 C1 A2 A3 C1 A2
A1 A3

“3 × 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are
distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
GSM EQ UI PME NT

ZXG10 BSS
Structure of ZXG10-BSC
GSN MSC OMC
TCP/IP
Gb A X.25
DDN

BSC
SCM SCM: System control Module

RMM: Radio Resource Management Module

Each Module of BSC can manage 128

RMM RMM .. . .. . RMM Cells/256 TRXs, and each BSC consists of 4
#1 #2 #4
modules maximally, so one BSC can manage
1024 TRXs maximally.
.. .
Abis

BTS 1 .. . BTS n BTS 1 .. . BTS n

Capacity Configuration of ZXG10-BSC

 Ntrx < 240 1 rack ， 1 SCM+ 1 RMM

 240 < Ntrx < 480 2 racks ， 1 SCM + 2 RMM
 480 < Ntrx < 720 3 racks ， 1 SCM + 3 RMM
 720 < Ntrx < 960 3 racks ， 1 SCM + 4 RMM

Advantage:
1 ） Support small capacity network
2 ） Large capacity network can be constructed in phases
Rack Structure

BCTL
BBIU
BNET
BCTL-RMU
BATC
BCTL-SCU
BBIU
BNET
BSMU
BATC
PCU
BATC
 BCTL Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P S C C C C C C C C C C C C P P
M
O M M M O O O O O O O O O O O O E O
O
W E P P M M M M M M M M M M M M P W
N
B M M M M M M M M M M M M M D B

SMEM MP COMM PEPD MON POWB BCTL

Qty. 1 2 6~12 1 1 2 1
Remark Mandatory M Optional O O M M

N_COMM_MPMP=2 BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_COMM_MTP=2 BCTL-SCU
N_COMM_MPPP=2 or 4 or 6 or 8 BNET
BATC
So: N_COMM=6 or 8 or 10 or 12
BATC
 BNET Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P S S B B D D D D D D D D D D P
C
O Y Y O O S S S S S S S S S S O
K
W C C S S N N N N N N N N N N W
I
B K K N N I I I I I I I I I I B

BOSN SYCK DSNI CKI POWB BNET

Qty. 2 2 6\8\10 1 2 1

Remark Mandatory M Optional O M M

N_DSNI_MP=2 BBIU
N_DSNI_PP_A=2 or 4 BCTL-RMU
BCTL-SCU
N_DSNI_PP_Abis=2 or 4
BNET
SO: N_DSNI=6 or 8 or 10
BATC
BATC
 BBIU Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P B B C C B B P
T T T T T T T T T T T T
O I I O O I I O
I I I I I I I I I I I I
W P P M M P P W
C C C C C C C C C C C C
B P P I I P P B

COMI BIPP TIC POWB BBIU

Qty. 2 2 or 4 1~12 2 1

Remark Mandatory Optional Optional M M

BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_TIC_Abis=N_Abis_E1/4 BCTL-SCU
N_BIPP=N_TIC_Abis/6 BNET
BATC
BATC
 BATC Layer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
P T T A A P
D D D D D D D D T T T T T T T T
O C C I I O
R R R R R R R R I I I I I I I I
W P P P P W
T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C
B P P P P B

TCPP DRT AIPP TIC POWB BATC

Qty. 2 1~8 2 1~8 2 1

Remark Mandatory Optional M O M M

BBIU
BCTL-RMU
N_TIC_A=N_A_E1/4
BCTL-SCU
N_DRT_A=N_TIC_A BNET
BATC
BATC
Easy to Expand

1 RACK 2 RACKS 3 RACKS

256TRX 512TRX 1024TRX
ZTE BTS Series

 BTSV(1)
 BTSV(2)
 BS21
 MB
 EMB
 SBTS
 BS30
ZXG10-BTS Rack

S222 S444 S888

S444 S888 S12/12/12

Indoor BTS with 12 TRX(ZXG10-
BTSV2)
• Receiver sensitivity: -110dBm
• Power output: 40/80W
• BTS power control
6 levels static （ step: 2dB ）
15 levels dynamic （ step: 2dB ）
• Rack demension: 1600×600×550 mm3 (H x W x D)
• Max power consumption: 2200W （ 12 TRXs ）
• DC voltage input: -40~-57VDC ； 19~29VDC
• Working temperature: -5oC ~ +45oC
• Relative humidity: 15% ~ 85%
Physical structure of ZXG10-
BTS(V2)
PDM ZTE 中兴

PDM CCM
ZX G10 -B2
CMM

RST
600mm
-48V GND

CCM

RST
TRM TRM TRM TRM
CDU CDU
TX 1 TX1
TX TX TX TX
T X2 TX2

TE ST TES T

A NT ANT

RX1 RX1
RX2 RX2
1600mm

RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST EX2
RST RXD RXD RXD RXD

TRM TX 1

TX 2
CEU TRM

TX
TRM

TX
TRM

TX
TRM

TX
TX1

TX2
CEU
AEM
OTX1 O TX1

TX 3 TX3

TX 4 TX4

OTX2 RX1
O TX2 RX1
RX2 RX2
RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST RST EX2
RXD RXD RXD RXD

TRM TRM TRM TRM

CDU CDU

550
T X1 TX 1
TX TX TX TX
TX2 TX 2

mm T EST

ANT
TE ST

AN T FCM
RX1 RX1
RX2 RX2
RX3 RX3
RX4 RX4
RX RX RX RX
EX1 EX1
EX2 RST RST RST RST EX2
RXD RXD RXD RXD
Architecture of ZXG10-BTS(V2)

ZXG10-BTS （ V2 ）
MMI
TRM1

BSC CMM
TRM2 A
E
PDM M
TRM12
FAN

Internal bus(control signaling,date flow,clock signal,etc

 TRX Configuration
S444

CDU CDU
TX1 TX2 RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 ERX1 ERX2 TX1 TX2 RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 ERX1 ERX2

TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2 TX RX1 RX2

TRM1 TRM2 TRM3 TRM4

CMM and TRM

CMM TRM
(Controller & (Transceiver
Maintenance Module )
Module)
CDU
LNA_Splitter EX1

EX2
Duplexer
Cable Rx_in RX1

ANT RX2

RX3
Cable
RX4

Alarms
RTE
forward reverse
optional
Tx_out TX1
VSWR_meter
50ohm TX2

Alarms Hybird_combiner

CDU(Combiner Distribution Unit ):

one duplexer
one combiner(2 to 1)
one spliter(1 to 4 with 2 extended outputs )
Multiplex ratio on Abis interface is 15:1

 Each E1(2M) on Abis interface can support 15 TRX, So it can

effectively save the transmission cost.

7.2*16k TCH timeslot / TRX = 1.8*64k TCH timeslot / TRX

1*16k signaling timeslot / TRX

Since very 4 16k timeslot can be multiplexed to a 64k timeslot,

each E1 consists of 32 64k timeslot

∴ ( n + 1 ) / 4 + n * 1.8 + 1 = 32 ➭ n = 15
OMC-R
 The adoption of OMC aims at the local or centralized operation
and management. So network mode of OMC-R includes two: local
networking and centralized networking. They will be introduced in
detail later.
 OMC enables NSS/BSS to connect with upper-level mobile
network management center through Q3 interface or DB interface.
 BTS is managed and maintained by BSC. The local BSC
communicates with the server over LAN, and the remote BSC
accesses the OMC-R server through centralized networking. The
network topology of OMC-R is given in this Fig.
 One OMC-R can manage 10 MSC, 16 BSC, 4096 BTS
OMC-R Structure

LAN/WAN..
.
Q3 DB Upper-level NMC
Server
Hub
Billing Center
OMC
Router
TCP/IP
ZXG10-BSC Client
PCM/X.25/DDN...
TCP/IP
Client Router
Hub

ZXG10-BSC

Hub
Client ZXG10-MSS Client
TCP/IP
Local Maintenance Terminal

LAN
PCM
LAN/RS-232
OMC-R Sever Client terminal

LMT (I)
Router/FE
MSC BSC 1
LMT (II)
Tha nk
You