PHN TCH THIT K HNG I TNG

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

CHNG 3. M HNH HO CHC NNG (USE CASE)

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Biu Use Case (Use Case Diagrams)

M hnh UC c m t bi mt hay nhiu biu UC
S lng biu UC cho mt d n l ty Khng qu nhiu lm ri lon Phi m bo y biu din y thng tin ca h thng

Biu Use Case c dng m t tng tc gia

cc tc nhn (Actor) v cc ca s dng (Use Case UC) trong h thng.
UC l nhng g bn trong h thng Actor l nhng g bn ngoi h thng

UC h thng v tc nhn h thng xc nh phm vi h

thng.
GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Cc thnh phn ca biu UC

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Use Case, Tc nhn l g?

Use Case?
Mt UC m t mt chc nng ca h thng di gc nhn ca ngi s dng. t tn: S dng ng t, cm t ngn gn V d: bn hng, thanh ton,

Rt tin

Tc nhn?
M t ai, ci g tng tc vi h thng Ai: Con ngi s dng trc tip h thng Ci g: Thit b hay h thng khc tng tc vi h thng ang xy dng t tn: Theo vai tr, khng theo tn c th v n l lp. S dng danh t t tn cho tc nhn
Khch hng

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Xy dng Use Case lm g?

Hnh thnh v m t yu cu chc nng h thng
Cho php m t r rng v nht qun ci h thng s lm Cung cp c s kim tra, th nghim h thng Cho kh nng d thay i hay m rng yu cu h thng
Phn tch Thit k, ci t Kim tra

L kt qu tha thun gia khch hng v ngi pht trin h thng phn mm

M hnh c kh nng c s dng xuyn sut qu trnh pht trin

UC gn cc bc trong tin trnh pht trin

Thu thp, lc v nh gi UC

Ci t UC

Kim tra xem UC tha mn?

UC v tin trnh pht trin

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Xy dng Use Case lm g?

Din t Ngi s dng

Hiu
Phn tch vin

Use case
Ci t
Thit k Th nghim Lp trnh vin Ngi thit k Kim tra

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Tm kim tc nhn nh th no?

Mt trong nhng k thut tm kim tc nhn l tr li cc cu hi
sau y: Ai s s dng cc chc nng chnh ca h thng?

Ai cn s h tr ca h thng thc hin cc cng vic hng

ngy? Ai qun tr, bo dng m bo cho h thng hot ng

thng xuyn?
H thng qun l, s dng nhng thit b no? H thng cn tng tc vi nhng h thng no khc?

Ai hay ci g quan tm n kt qu x l ca h thng?

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Tm kim UC nh th no?
Vi mi tc nhn tm ra, hy tr li cc cu hi sau tm ra cc Use case
Tc nhn cn nhng chc nng no t h thng?

V d: Vi h thng ATM, tc nhn khch hng cn s dng h

thng thc hin cc cng vic nh: Rt tin

Gi tin
Chuyn tin Thay i password

Kim tra s d ti khon

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Tm kim UC nh th no?
Tc nhn cn c, to lp, bi b, lu tr, sa i cc thng

tin no trong h thng?

V d: Vi h thng ATM Nhn vin ngn hng liu c quyn truy xut hay thay i

mc tin li khng?
Khch hng c th thay i password ca mnh. Tc nhn cn thng bo cho h thng s kin xy ra trong n?

V d: Vi h thng ATM
Khi khch hng kt thc ti khon, nhn vin ngn hng cung cp nhng thng tin ny cho h thng.

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Tm kim UC nh th no?
H thng c cn phi thng bo cho tc nhn v nhng thay i bt ng trong ni b h thng?

V d: Vi h thng ATM
Trong ti khon cn qa t tin Ba thng lin tip tin lng cha c chuyn vo ti

khon.
H thng cn c nhng u vo / ra no? T u v n u?

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Tm kim UC nh th no?
Cc cu hi sau gip xc nh tm y UC?
Mi yu cu chc nng trong t nht mt UC?
Nu yu cu chc nng khng trong UC no th n s khng c ci t sau ny.

kho st mi tc nhn tng tc vi h thng?

Tc nhn cung cp cho h thng thng tin no? Tc nhn nhn thng tin no t h thng?

nhn bit mi h thng bn ngoi tng tc vi h thng

ang xy dng? Thng tin no h thng bn ngoi nhn v gi cho h thng

ang xy dng? GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Lung s kin trong UC

Lung s kin (flow of events)
M t chi tit tc nhn s lm g v h thng p li nh th
no?

Trong mt UC c nhiu lung s kin: lung chnh, lung ph

Kch bn (Scenario)
Mt lung s kin trong mt hin thc ca UC

Kch bn i xuyn sut UC theo nhnh chnh, nhnh ph,

nhnh c bit
Kch bn 1 Kch bn 2

Kch bn 3

UC

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Ti liu lung s kin bao gm:
M t vn tt UC
M t ngn gn UC lm g? Danh sch cc tc nhn lin quan n ca s dng, ch r ai bt

u vi ca s dng ny.
Tin iu kin (pre-condition) iu kin cn thc hin trc khi UC khi ng

Khng phi UC no cng c tin iu kin

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Ti liu lung s kin bao gm:
M t vn tt UC Tin iu kin (pre-condition) Lung s kin chnh v lung s kin r nhnh Chi tit v UC c m t trong hai lung s kin ny M t ci g s xy ra thc hin chc nng ca UC Ni dung ti liu UC khi ng nh th no? Cc ng i xuyn qua cc UC Lung chnh thng qua UC Lung r nhnh thng qua UC Cc lung li UC kt thc th no. Hu iu kin (post-condition) L iu kin c thc hin ngay sau khi kt thc UC Khng phi mi UC u c hu iu kin

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V d xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin cho UC Rt tin
M t: Cho php khch hng rt tin t ti khon ca mnh Tin iu kin (pre-condition): Khch hng a th vo my ATM Nhp password thnh cng Lung s kin chnh

1. UC bt u khi khch hng t th tn dng vo my ATM

2. ATM hin th thng bo v ch khch hng nhp password

3. Khch hng nhp password

4. ATM kim tra password c hp l hay khng? Nu khng thc hin lung A1

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V d xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin cho UC Rt tin
Lung s kin chnh 5. ATM hin th cc la chn: Gi tin Rt tin Chuyn tin 6. Khch hng chn Rt tin 7. ATM hi s tin cn rt 8. Khch hng nhp s tin mun rt 9. ATM kim tra s d Nu khng , thc hin lung A2. Nu pht hin li khi kim tra s d th thc hin lung E1.

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V d xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin cho UC Rt tin
Lung s kin chnh
10. ATM tr s tin trong ti khon ca khch hng. 11. ATM chuyn tin cho khch

12. ATM in bin lai rt tin mt

13. ATM tr th tn dng cho khch 14. UC kt thc

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V d xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin cho UC Rt tin
Lung s kin r nhnh

Lung nhnh A1: password khng hp l

1. ATM thng bo password khng hp l

2. ATM tr li th tn dng
3. Kt thc UC

Lung nhnh A2: Khng tin trong ti khon rt

1. ATM thng bo khng tin
2. ATM tr li th tn dng 3. Kt thc UC

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V d xy dng ti liu lung s kin

Xy dng ti liu lung s kin cho UC Rt tin
Lung s kin r nhnh

Lung li E1: Li xy xa khi kim tra s d khng

1. ATM thng bo li

2. ATM ghi thng bo li ny vo tp cha li

3. ATM tr li th tn dng 4. Kt thc UC

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Cc quan h
Quan h kt hp (Association)
L loi quan h gia tc nhn v UC

Mi tn cho bit tc nhn no kch hot UC

Khch hng

Thay i password

Nhn vin ngn hng

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Cc quan h
Quan h gp (Includes)
Trc phin bn UML 1.3 quan h <<includes>> c tn l <<uses>> Th hin mt UC lun lun s dng chc nng ca UC khc. S dng m hnh ha mt vi chc nng dng chung trong nhiu UC, khi nn tch chc nng ny thnh mt UC ring.
Use Case tru t-ng

<<uses>>

Rt tin Use Case c th

<<uses>>

Xc nhn khch hng

Gi tin

Mt UC khng c tc nhn kch hot th gi l UC tru tng. GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Cc quan h
Quan h m rng (extends)
Th hin s m rng ca mt ca s dng hm cha mt hnh vi ty chn no .
Use Case -c m rng Use Case m rng

<<extends>>

Rt tin

Rt tin nhanh

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

Cc quan h
Quan h khi qut ha (Generalization)
Ch ra mt vi tc nhn hay UC c mt s ci chung, ging nhau. Khng nht thit hnh thnh quan h ny cho cc tc nhn Khi mt loi tc nhn kch hot mt hay vi UC m loi tc tc nhn khc khng kch hot -> nn hnh thnh quan h khi qut ha Khi c hai loi tc nhn cng s dng cc UC -> khng cn m hnh ha quan h khi qut ha
Tc nhn tru tng Nhn vin

Nhn vin hng lng theo thng

Nhn vin hng Lng theo thng

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc

V biu Use Case

Mt s im cn ch khi xy dng biu UC
Khng nn m hnh ha quan h kt hp gia tc nhn vi tc nhn -> v giao tip gia cc tc nhn l bn ngoi h thng

Khng hnh thnh quan h Association gia cc UC

Mi UC phi c t nht mt tc nhn kch hot (tr UC trong quan h <<extends>> v quan h <<uses>>)

Nn v mi tn th hin Association i t tc nhn n UC

GV: Hong Th Lam T Tin H Ty Bc