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AHAMADI NANBARGALE!
ISLAM UNGALAI ALAIKKIRATHU!
Author : Muhammad Mathin Qalid
Tranlsation : Moulvi. Jafarullah Rahmani
First Edition : July 2011
Published by : AHADH PUBLISHERS,
No.25, T.P.K. Road, Madurai-1.
Phone : 93450 55666
Email : ahadh@publicist.com
Pages - 80
Price Rs.20/-

mk egfns! yh cfis miHwJ!

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Kjg: { 1432 / #]iy 2011
bjhiyng: 93450 55666
mr: ahadh@publicist.com
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gff : 80
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%. 20/-


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13

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14

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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21

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uz z)
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S UP 35)

22

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23

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24

US uv. Hk , v Hk ] BskPUS P AUP

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a\ SvP uP, APUS uP TS' G Smkx.
C Qu u [PU
Psh- u P CUQx. zu, S, UP,
Gv |S |\vP J Q[PP
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|- - P sP Smk u P
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vzu[P, vzu[- P USz vzu[P G Au E
]uxmhx.
CzuP P Bux G {zxU
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| G ` G \U P D
(A) uhP zuPU Smku
HUP ix.
\ D (A)AP Eu, PzxUP B Cu AUSz uzv "smk kP' \xuSU Pn G? D | x
UP P sk; Ah Csh P UPiUPa \ sk Gxu Gx Pzx.
Cu u "UPUPmh ' (
Fz)G UP HUP x J|UPP
CUP.

"A z' G AUPk Asn |()

AP Skzv Pzx BQ P
P _zux. AP G h E-u
P. CUS EP. h si
- P Gx A\UP iu Pzx. v

25

\[- P AP mi Px Amku A A. wP AP E{ GkzvQ. AP _zu |zx Bzv AUP QP xP BP.

Czv EUPP AP B A
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kP. AP A- Azx P
uUS vUS A- US zvP.
J "A z'u & |P
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JkQ:
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(uLE , S Az, UP 17,
P uSv 18, UP 233)

z () GzuPz uUP C
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(CL H Av, S Az, UP 82,
P uSv 19, UP 194)

26

*""P z B
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Gsn Ps k. A- i- mh vP 100
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zxa \ i? Auz vP vP[Ph Eu u?
z Fz C h Eu
Ax S-u G P P P A P.
z C () (C|\) BP

27

Cu. B A-US z FxUS Cu

xUP, zu BQ- ]u CvUS?
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PnUP C-|\P(A) CQ Cu.
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( zw v U Q E.
"A L' Pv Cu Gs 80, 26, 13.1.1926)

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(CL Av, S Az, UP 70,
P uSv 19, UP 181)

*"" | C PmhP CUQ. vP Pmh B. BP

28

k hP uP CUQx.''
(CL Av, S Az, UP 81,
P uS 19, UP 193)

| \ PL A() \
SkQ:
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(Lz Av, P 1, UP 400, S)

() AP A u zv
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(HU PvP C, S Az,
AiUS UP 11 u v)

\ P Azu Av PL
zw z "\z' G \US C
UP uQ:

29

*""ux \z G \kP \v zx \mkmhx. UPUPmh ( S) |hUQ

Au \z GU Puk. Cx Au
E GuS hx.''
(P U, z UP 32)

\ vUSB \P mi mk
Gv UQ E:
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(uQ Cz, S, UP 76, Csh v)

\ P Az vU
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(AR-u) C USQ:
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(Pzx L, u Az, UP 173)

vUSB \ TQ:
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(uQ Cz, S Az,
UP 635, 2&B v)

*""| C x BnmkU TQ. G

SB x C Cu u[P x |UP

30

Psk Au G x Ak AUSP x | |UP PQ. G |

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(RPzx , S Az, UP 220,
P uSv 22, UP 220)

Gk J { Bvzv
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Ax | Tx zuv GUSz uPz uux
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Pv Ex G - x US P[Qu
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G | T.''
(C A, S Az, AiUS, P J,
UP 40, P uSv 3 UP 140)

UPzx

P, wzx
zw v TU Ps:

31

*""z Fz Cx uhP PU PkP

zvU TQ. A T. G C[S AiUPi GUS AP |UP x \uP
HkQx. AP D Azv Ex. BP G
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(RPzx L, UP 46 zw Az)

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] UP BP, P, P
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|zuP, |P Skzu, vUSB, |P, UP P, Ezv u]u
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zv, C {zu E x.
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uS(PvP A\ SB), Az
Gv "zx v, Pzx L, \
zu P Av Azv Csh PL zw z Gv A QLz,

32

RPx ~z, RPzx L, B uPz, Pv

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} v, {P UP Av |sP
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P sk. CuU S CuS AP
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{ CzvU P sk.
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SiP- mhUTi Szu CUP mh
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H Av |sP u Av Azv
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x[P \UQP. (Cu J PP
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{ Gkzx x, G AP Hmk
_shUS BQP Gu UP sk&

33

) B Pk G Av Azv { S
Az \ Gv Azx P J Av
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P S. \ P Gs- o UP 84
CUS. C u, Piu[P, z uS-P,
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(zx v P 2 , UP 78)

Asn () Azx P Cv
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P { Ax () v Gx
C. D (A) C vzyu. A zv
Ek CUQ. |[Sx v
US . C v Cu Ezv z

34

()\zv . D (A) v US
C[S x C- EQ C Gx Ezu
Jzu ARu(PP)S.
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(AihU PP) Sv. u, |x w
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(C A UP 140, P uSv 3, UP 171)

CuU T Ax \ T u
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J Av |s Pk _
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Pzx. B AvUP |UP CuS P GvP Ex. Av |sP
T G D(A) ozx mh. v
EQS mh. Gu J Ax D v
EQS Cu A S E x-

35

mh. D(A) zv Ezumhx, Cv |

|[Sx v C[S G Pzu
zu SB E Cu \ "v
A ` u w UQ..(Azu 33)
(: A u yu |h \zv UPzxh A zu. A Au UPzu H
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GuPPzu)
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A GxQ:
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\zv w C [S G USv
umkx. Au E k.
sk Cu EPzv P ux A
g\, G xxk.
( Av & P uSv 1, UP 571, 579)

Cu Bz D (A)AP H CUP
Csh _miUPmkQx Gx Cu GzxP
u-Qx. H CUP Gx u H
{Px C-u |hu. vUSB C
TQ,
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Tk. B }[P E[Ph u |hzu
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usi.')
Cuz v\zvS S AUS UP
:
*""Cu Bz Cu Chzv z m]h kx uhPa _miUPmkQx. Aux,
P, x E[PUS Es,

36

\zv Bu[Ph UPmk mhx.

Cu zx P A SzuPUSU Pk P, \, P Pz x u
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m]h Pzxh EQ .
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( Av& P 4, P uSv 1, UP 601, 602)

\ Tmh CuU TP Bx
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Cx uhP Av |sP u
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C- uP J \USUS, \ Gu
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Av Cx
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x, A\UP iux G k. Cuh
A\u {zu zx zu UP A hmhx.
(UP: Av& P uSv 1, UP 275)

37

Cx Av |sP Ti D(A)
AP C[Su G Pmk vx A,
Q UQ \mhx G T Es-
Cu "Sz' G ]z uSv x G Pu
ix. Av Tmk PzxP {- ,
G T Cx. Bmh Psk-k-Q
CUPzxP. SP Cu Ax Asn
() AP hmhx G
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P A GU Puk u {P Ch
CUP i. Gi Asn x u
CUP i?
(A CvLu UP 39 P uS 22, UP 660)

CP ARu u U (Cn
zu) G \ Cv x kQ.
Ax 1891 u (Hzu 50 BskP)D(A)
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nzu U G Puk. Gu US
FuP ix Gx hx.
\ Khzv u GxQ:
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G xPzx.''
( U UP 86, P 2 P uSv 8, UP 272)

A E PshkQ:
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( UP 3 P uSv 19 UP 221)

EUQ:
*""Aux C |SA. | Gu
\Q C Tuzu TQ. |
CUSUS GvuP Gx Gu Pmhmh-

38

v. Au CzxzxUS GvP Gx Gx
GxPx v.''
(x UP 10 P uSv 7, UP 186)

Khzv \ GxQ:
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( Av, P 5 UP 100&C AiUS,
P uSv 21 UP 262)

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(x Ph UP 56)

C Chzv GxQ:
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(RPzx AiUS UP 29,
P uSv 22, UP 31)

Cu Lz (UPz w) \ 50
BskP Qu PPP x |UP zvu G Pzx uQx. ] Av |sP
Asn |() AP xUPzv zx Uv
|UQ ux uP. B Ahx
ux zx (PA) |UQz u Bzu. Au \ uh CUPP
U Pshv G Ch Ex G vkQ. Cx uhP Av |sPh o
h TU Px G,
Cu Chzv zx Uv Eun
ux.zx UvU QP {nzxz uux
"L u Uuv' (AAB 90)

39

: (|) APu A |
PmhmhP. APh } a
\P. (SB 6:90)
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uhh . PPP |UPP [P Gx Cx. zx Uv
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smh TP Ah P PU PnU
QhUQ.
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GxQ.
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A UP 473 P uSv 3, UP 353)
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P uSv 8 UP 299)
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|P (z H) Ex.'(Cz z UP 19,
P uSv 8 UP 296)

z D(A) AP P
Ah[P, ][P wP Pa \mk. \ Au Ah[P Szx

40

UP[P Azx. xP _x
] UP[P .
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zvx US C[Q x A x Csk
g\ { BhP ( xsk) Ekzv.''
\ Cu wUS
uQ:

C UP

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a \x [P. A A
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BS. Au- x a\. Eh R
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(z, S, uSv 8, UP 445)

C w D(A) u z G Chzv Gvzx i P \ G

xx. Cu Ch w (C) Ex. \ Cu wUS C UP AUQ:
""z G Ch v BS.''(A u UP 97
AiUS, P uSv 18, UP 341)
v Cv g\ {zv E J |P.
Cu zv Cx C[Su u x x G UP AUQ.

C P SB, w, C Ezv Aih D(A) AP Ek CUQ, v

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u u u S. Cu A JuP HUPsk. w UQ P
zu Gk Qu[P v \mk
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41

{PuP \uP C G EvPU T. uv (A uh) u u { Cu

US CUQx.''
(C A, UP 557, P uSv 3 , UP 40)

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Ah) uv G u zxu En
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Ex. CuS , , uvx C
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42

Aih Cu w () T w
A. P, { () C z
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i Gx Gx Pzx. Ax ux u CuS. H Phu skP 18&B

43

Bsi Cx 1312&B Bsk Ax

uzv Csk QPn[P Hmk.
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u vu[P, Pzx uP
x ] Av |sP vUSB \[P
| () AP P BQUS
C, uU- S UP[P u kQ. AP uzvS u G |h
HU Psk--P G uQx. u AP Gu
Es- JzxU PU Thx G Av w iku CUQ- P Gz uQx. ] u[P x D (A) zv Ek CUQ
G uP CUQ Gi zvSa \?
A[S A Gu v\ |UQz u? | Gi
UQ? US Pz uQ? G \kQ?
G[P PUQ? G "SshUP
shUP' PPU PmQ- P . uP, |,
, Pz nUP - k- P ] zxPh
CnU-Pmk Gu J- A.
| uu uP Ph-S. u
| PhS. {-(Pz usi A u[P,
n) Cuu Pz PhS. z D(A)
Ez-umk Ch P | G USmmh

44

Ch-. H P P x. Cu
AzxU P- P US UQ, Bu
v J CU- Q x. Ax G z
(A)zv Ek CUQ Gx
\- ARuS. Bu D(A) Q
Ek Cx uhP G AzuU PP
- ( A) A- P US v . \
GxQ:
*""C Au (A). A J
Ai.-C vUSB "A Ek E'
G _miUPmhmkx. A Q Ek
CUQ. CuPk C Gu | sk
(D P sk) Cx | x PhS.''( U UP 50 P J S Az)

xUPzv \ J UP AbP (B),

C a\PP, uzv Dkmk vP
UPh x Cv|zxU PPUS
BuPzu Cu. G P
() AP Cv | G HU
PshPzu Cu. Cu
GzxP Cx uhPU Shz uUPS.
*""Pzu (|P Cv) G
SB z ()APU Smh J
| Gu HP Cx. A v P
C \, P Cu \. H
`US w C (UP A) Pzu
QhUQx. yxzx mi () Aih
C[S Pu hmkmhx.''
(C A, S, UP 411,
P uSv 3, UP 511)

*"" P v A Av S Q ` Pzu '' (A 40)

: (UP) z E[Ph BsP
GUS uu. B A A yuP
CUQ-. yuP uha] izx
P E.''

45

Cuz v\zvi |x |() APUS

Gu Czyu EQS mh.
(C A, S, UP 331,
P uSv 3, UP 431)

*"" P x A Av S
Q ` Pu ''
x() AP E[P BsP Gu
Bo uu. B AA yuP
CUQ. yuP uha] izx P CUQ.
Pn Q Psh B |x
|P()AP Gu u UQ "Pzu A' (|P Cv) G zvx EUSz uu? () u (
| Lw) GUS Gu | C' G \zv
mPPUSz uz uP UQ mh.
|[P ()APUS S J |
u G, AxBSx G Px
|zxzv PuP hmh
sk vUPmhx G, A |hUPU Tk G
-P x PP k. CuU Pzx
I v A\zvx, UPz uUPx, {PUPzuUPx.
|x `US ` Gi i?
Asn US (k)
xsiUPmk mhx. |P uh |x |P
() APh mhx. Cx P
A Au J.''
(x , S Az, UP 81&84,
P uSv 7, UP 200)

*""| |zxzv E Pshh. Lz Gk Au[P, PzxP, zx

Pz,(,PsoUP C) C zx {PUPU Ti A. P, A z Azv, Czv PP, PmkP E Azxa \kP JzxU PQ. vUSB, vzyu x() AP wPi Aih

46

Bu[P E Azx [P | HU
PQ.
yuP Cv, |x u
x () APUS HP G
u | G AzuP AP A P, PLP, {PP G Ev PQ.
z ( Czyxzx k)z Bu
Lx x[Qx. z z()
AP xix mhx.''(
Cvz, S Az, uSv 1, UP 230&231)

A v |sP! AP Cu Chzv AUPP ]x | ]v[P. G u v-u[P mh[P. Cu EQ | {u-P CUP v. Au }[P C[P {Pz
u[SP A. A - |
A {P si | S u C.
AuU Pk Pn[P Gso | P P
sk.
E[P ]u AP, Pu P- P
S CUQP Gu | |S A.
E[P Au B J {kzv |g] x P zx v A[P.
A- J | G ` G
{zu S | | C G zxzu Hu
J |, ` E[P EunPU Pmh i?
E[P Fz S mku J
AzuP Bz vPQ. Ah Ti
Q.. 1882 &B Bsk A " Av'
P Pm-hzv J C (A k)
| G uSv AUQ. A 1902&B Bsk
Cx BskP Chh UP[P TU Psh
n Pz vzxU Psiu. x
GvU PnP x uUSx u um\s,
Guz uU-P C, vmhmhP | | Ax `
C, C C G zx. {P

47

\ uu ` ux ux |zxzu, zu Ph \x k.
HUS Ix BskP x
() APu |P uh Cv G
xU PP u. Aux Eu
uhUPU Pzvx HU Psiu Au
Pzu, Cv|zxU Pzu u. \,
uzvPP J i AUS zv Cx Cv
v Gua ] C G, Cu uz
vj x \ux G HU Psh,
"Pzu' Gu |P ]
u G JzxU Psh u (
\) Cx |zx u Azumh
G CuU PzxP -zx zu J | uUS
u "' u BQ. B \US
Cu "nUS Amh A\m]' x
|UP . Cua \v x D
Psk AUS Cx BskP izu.
Av |sP uP {UP G J
zuU T Q. u[P "|' x D
Psk Sum\ Cx BskPx ]UP
sk. u \ |zxzu HU
P sk. C[S C ~qUP Pzx
CUQx. Aux \ Es G
JzxUPuPP si J\U TQP.
Aux J Es |zx E Pshk AuS PsiPU Sux Czx
BskP Ek CUP sk.
sk.(H
Asn AP |zxzvS 23 BskP
Ek C- u ) \ 1882 u 1908 26
BskP Ek Cu. | C[S J zu
zu |m-h Ps-k. Q.. 1882 u Q.. 1902
Czx |S BskP BQ. Au }[P
Aih vi JxUQ-h sk. H
\ ux ~z-u' (|zx) P Cu.
v 1902&- C - x Q.. 1908 B Bsk
Pu ux |zx E x {P {Q.

48

\unU PnUSz uu- US B BskP 23

BskPh u G-x .
\ CuU Pmmh JzxU Psh
Es CzyuP P G Pu Ch
EQx. GkzxUPmhP, | (A) Emh
C |P u[P |zx Phzu Azux ] Pzv uUPmh. AuS P
D (u Azxh u | G
E Pshi) |zx E Pshi
|x BskP Ek Cu. \ Pmmii A Es G HUP si. B AvUP A G EvPU TQP.
Av |sP! ]vzx [P. J (ux
\u Pshku o) uUS Ch
|iz uh CUQx. J uh u
P uQ. A Pz uh {
u G Auu uUP i G,
A C Ahu GuS \
Hux u? I A C A
hu G uQx A? u Cu E
Pshku Gx Csh mh zvS
A. Q, Q Q G PzvPP A. P,
AihU PPUPP. Ax Cu Aih
Pmi Q J \uzu |-
Pskh si u.
CzuP { PPz uh P
uzv Pmux A |u C G
AUP u Cx US
u? Av Ba\hzuUP A\ G AUS Ax C "} |u' G TQ. B A | | A G UPUQ.
Cu J A\ \ { GkzxU-PmkQx. A u | J P Pmh Pu yUP G { xU Ti
\uvP Cu Gu A i?

49

PmkU P[P |sP, Es

|-P Ev, {zx {S u BQ A\u CP. J Ah
Cx APUS J Pmh xmh Au UPh Psk \uPPz u E AoUP
u[-Pu wPP CP. AP Gu }vzv
Ga\U- PU- S A] mhUS Ag] zv,
P Pmi | C C AP
-P \ mh G SUP
{zxU Th UP mhP. C AU
PUSU S- | zu Gx x. AP ux
{ EvP {P. [SUS AP
sP Cuu C. Buu A CU
A Smh.
" ~z P
P
~z | Sz
Pz P P
AP Sz LA Q u
u H z
P P U Lz
P'
: Gu J ~zv m]
v \v C Au ~z PUS
u u G \i C uS.
vUS LA \Uv
UuPiP Cu
\uzvS AzuP Ca_
\ PkkS.'

A v

|sP, }[P Gux KP

CUSx E[P }[P CuU PPU PmkU
P-[P. A] P[P. G,
\ G \u `{ A\zx |hx
P-P Cu Au Ax Ezv

50

x, Jk[Q Cu Pmh G? Emh

m- h Czu ~P En, u
[P , Gx PPmi zv
{, u, a\-u, PPzu BQ
zu E Cx H? Cu Azvx
w Psh, xoa-\h g\zv PP Ehzx
UP CP]-[PU Psh }P ha
\ P ( ) Psh BP
EP H?
CzuP m]P [P {PuuSU Pn
\ m]U P , zvP
\ vmh Cux mk, A[S Cux P, zuP, UP, |Ph
`Pu. C u vu[ ()
v x \u ] PzuUP[P
-u(Aux \hvzu), zu
HPvzvzv Bzzu Pa], Aiz uzv _P
Pn, H AuS FUSzu, xUS
GvPz uhx J"GzuUP z'u Ex. u
ux Sk, \ UPP Chh
]P, a\[P, AmhP BQu CUQ. GUS P ux umh PP
{u iu uh PmkPu. }[P
]vzx [P. CzuP |zx a\[P P
EQ Hu J m] ? G J Smhu C[S v \ Q. "Ca \v
(|zx) PP Gu P
uPzu Pu J J |zx
J
J |u \.'
| Gx Ezv Aizuzvx E[PU T
AUQ. E[P BP, E[P |UP[P
BQ wU P izx AUS
uUP \zv PU P[P. Cx J
" |" h (AP |h) u CnzxU
Psk E[P EP
ASkzvU P[P. E[PU PP
C P AzxU Psk CUS

51

Ea\ Cx mkkuQ [P. J

|i E[PUS Avx {v QhUS. J J {u G AQzv AmPh
Asn () AP AUP D
Psh Gsn Au \k Evu
u.

Av |sP {k P USuP
CUQx. AP J UP Ph u[P
J PU Pxi GvUQ. zxQ. (UP: "Su mh' 10.6.09 Cu&
) APUSa \ EP u-h
sk. P \P Cnx \-h
sk Gx. J Pnzv UP Cx
\ PUP G }[P Pu; \.
B AvUP CuU PUPP, B\P
G APx u { \ S Av
Ax PL Ga \k uPUS
, n Gxu Es.
Gi G C Ps:
Azu Av vna \u u
, uzL (n AhUP) Azxa
\kP Px Q Cx,
UPox u uS. Cx PkP
zukx Th. Ph Guu
US-zx, uh, PkUP [P Thx. P u a] P Th uU
Thx G Pmkk vUPmk \-kzu-kQx. - S Az \ AzxU PmhU
PhP-, vP zx USx
A u US Azx - P hx Q J u Ez (\u) EUS
] Dkm- i - u Gu x Pv
Gua ]UP C. \ Ax PLU
P (uP) u, A, zu
Ci CUSm\zv AvP Ph J
h Cnx \h sk G PUP

52

Gx H G P GQx. Cu Cmh h
UQ x P-uPP ] E|h
SvP |USa \Pz vPQ:
RUPq UP[P Bx i[P.
*|P () QuPk GzuP
uh Psiu, GzuP {mh Psk Cu Au {mh
Av AuPh Pxu Tkx
(-) G z Fz \mh Gu
| UQ. Av Auh \x u,
|x uPP uUPmk. APUS
s ux UPmkx. AP
ux ukUPmkx. APk \x \
kuS C v G CUQx? Csk u
uhP E. J UP v (w) uh;
x EP v (x) uh. UPz uh
P \u nUP kP J[Qnx.
EP v uh- UQx s PkUP
[P G E. BP C Csk | zu
UPmk- mh. | AP (
P) sP n-izxU P Av CUQx
G T | QuP sPU Th
niUP Av Esk G. Av AuUS
H TkQx G Pmh AuP v |
wx \ u- . ] |[P uP
zvS () vzx.
(Pzx L, Az, UP 169&170)

Azu Av Csh PL
zw z Az G CuhU Pk
PP (ARu) Psk. A GxQ:
""z Fvh Az (n)
*""z
\x \x Pu Azx P AP - F v U PmPuu
AP PL- P (C{P) C
mhzvx - - P B.'' (B
uPz, zw z Az, UP 35)

53

| AvPz umh A.
AP ux Th C. AP ] uu
C.B CimhP Azu Av HU PmhP. Azu Av
Gu J Av uP mkmh G
PnzxUPP ux Azumk }UQv. B
Av |s Avu Ph \x
uu G J uP Qhzxmh A EhiP Azvx }UQkxsk. Cu {u
uP. H P
ux AvPUSz ukUPmkx. Cuz uh
Ezu |, Pmh, Bu, Gv
C P L` (uP) Th Cv
\QP.
*Av Azv Csh PL
-zw vh Cu PmPmhx. Av
Au Su uP H uUThx?
Ax J uxu. Ax x BQ
AvPU Th \u Esh? AuS A ""G
J QuU Su ux Thu &
Ax a] S-uP C \ & Au
Av Au Su uP uU
Thx.''
(PL Pv z Av hU
S, AL Pv Cu, uSv 10, Cu Gs 32,
UP 6, uv: 23 AUh 1922)
Qu |mi { Pu B x
A u AvP Cu Pzv Av
Azv J u z L
P \ (Qu - z x
Aa-\) ux A] \P A-zx Cu. Au
C AvUP h \U P
P. CzuP ] Gu QuUS
Qhzu- v GU T P[Qu Ahxsk.
B Pk Pk G- x
L- P \ Chzv C- x Th v
S Pu B z A

54

uP Px P. P - | mkz
yuP- h Khzv Avu. Cx uhP
A Aq-QU Pmhx A T: "Pu B
u Av A. Bu | Ax
u- P Px P.' BP Cu
G- x P
AvP Cu Pnzv PL GU
Pv. BP u. Es
Av - A zv S Az \ x
D Pu A- PL G PxQ.
Cx uhP \ P zw
Az ux "Px L' 110 B UPzv
GxQ:
*"" Czyu G HUPsh J
D HUP; D JzxUPsh
u HU Pv; u HU
P Fu ( S) HU P G A \unU PL mk, Amh PL B. Czumk
B.''

Azu

Av u U PhiPz uUP u[P, UQ[P, Bv

A[P, PP hzxU Psh PP,
B-v { u ] Pm]P (PL) ]UPzx AUPUS Pha \
{- Qx. Au J Pm] Av \P P EP PnU QhUQx.
Cx H Av CbP Avz
a \zuPU Qhzu Pnzu |g\k
Anzxa \Q. APUS Av G
G G ux. AP Au
a ]v-x C. J Smhx
uuP zu vm\P \mhP,
P T] GuP Cu { }iU
Qx. | Av |s- P AUP y Gsnz
xh CUh PmkU Px G

55

}[P Azx u Su[P, zu[P

P Pmk, P, P x,
|k{P _ A kzv S-
Ax PP Gv G P B |U-Q
i[P. AvzxUS y CzxUS Ch-
Ch E { Psix
uS. Csk JUP Gv
]zuu[P Gz uz uPz u. C
Cu Bu ] x }[P _
UP[P Eh sh. zuP
P Pzx- P - G kQ
A A UP, iUP, x P [P.
}[P J PzvS UP T mh Es Aizuzua \h ix. J
UP m\ \ si {
EQx. Cv imkkQx. Ax
mP uS u Gx |USU
Qhv. | Cx uhP Ksk GkzxU
PmkP E[P zvUQ.
* \ Ph G "| - \. H | a \u A. P, Gx C Gu G | Ezu Au | TQ.'
(P , UP 47 P uSv 23, UP 485)

*Cx \ U Pzv UP Q. \ uUS u (Ck) TQ.""| UP nh Ax w.''

(uQ Cz, S, UP 584, 2B v)

Aux \ Tx CUPmh
G S \ UP Ax w- n Ah. B AUS u US |-P |hux Gu A A. \
|z i Ax Av Pmhhzv Q.. 1908 B Bsk u 26&B | n.
Ax u \US PvUS Amhx. Cx Av |sP CuS UP

56

AUQP. Aux nzv P CU

Qx. Cu CUQ () UP Ax
w Qmk Gu P sk
GQ-P. Cu UPzuU Pmk ]u Qx.
EQ Gu APv nzv G
C. \ CzuP GzxPUS Cu
v UP u mh P ]u \Uv
G[S m-iU P u.
Au \ \ uP Ci GxQ:
*""G Hu J zv G {UPmk mh Ax TP x |UP v.''
(\ LLz, S, UP 222 ,
P uSv 23, UP 231)

Akzx A u C oUQ:
*""BP UQ v G UP-mkx. Cv E J _miUPmku G
A UPU P Ahx
PuP C. vUSB, |
z-v Gu B] nP CUP mh.
BP | \zvP, C x Bnmka \
Q. Gx { CPzu CUQx. | vU
SB Gu uhx PU P. Gu
u | SB, w, uL BQ
J h PU P. Ax Gu
h w P {nh nP A
ux C G | TQ. Cu zxU
T ix. BP Cxu vz. v |zx
i GUS AU- P mkx. U
Pzv BP CP][P Gu ChzuP |iP
G x vUPmk.''
(A , S, UP 147,
P uSv 14, UP 394)

Au | \ u Chzv C
Gv:

57

*""uPz uP ux Ay x _x
EsP sP A. PU Phukzu
AUQP w Sn[PS.''
(B u, S, UP 13 , P uSv 10, UP 13)

C Chzv A GxQ:
*""CvU P Pmhzv ] zuP (PL)
uP G ] wP v \mk.
Av SP J w "u PLzx
v' (: Cu, Cu A v{vQ v) G A\ u GU Tmk
w a ]v[P. Cu w (A Sx
Lu Qu) A vu SBUS
Akzx P Es P P Eu uzv
\ vQx. u wP
PUP sk.''
(uzx SB, S, UP 41, P uSv 6, . 337)

Es G P G w
uS Cu w C C. G[S ui
zx Pnh. Cu w BuPU
Psk \ EsUS PzuU T. P zx Cu
AUS Am]P CUS J ux |zx E
zv G sk \Pzu CUP
i. Av |sP Cu |k{P, Gu UP \ ]vzx UP sk.

\ u J a \x
C GxQ:
*""_ vmk BskPUS J J {Pa] mk CAzx zvP B]
z h G m-kUSa \ Qmix. A ux Hu
C (A US) Qu G Pmh. AuS |
G BuPh \ Au C
AUSz vU T. Ax G U
G A \v. Au G
"AUS JUS '

58

GuS. G zu A J
Gsnzu | kzv. Aux A Csk
sP GUS nizx . Av J
PP(U) C. u (&
P Pu)U zu Cu C n
hx mhx. C-- A |S PP Cu
CU-Q-. u zu Cu
C Gv C CUQx.''
(vS S , S, UP 73, P uSv 15, U.201)

Cu \US Chx
u |\v USv BS. A Csk
sP n \x , J P, C- u. P zv Cu USv {mhx. Cx uh |h E vnzvPPU PzxU PsiUQ. B S
Az \US Gu uh vn |h-. Cu {u B\h \ CP
mk E }zu. BP Cu |h.
"|z uL u Pv (Pv P
k vP) G A (Cu {QP
S P zw Az Cu)
uQ G vS S G x
Gkzu- mh Cu J AiU
Sz ux-x.
*""Cu CUS (C) ux Csk Pn[P z E B zv
Ahxmh. Aux A U (P)BP u.
(u) BQmh.''
(uQ, Cz, S, UP 39, Csh v)

B \ GxQ:
*""Gx {UP Csk sPU Psk
x Gx C GsnS. Jzv P,
-zv u.''
\ UP |USz u
x G u | A Gu J u
s-n nizuv. \ GxQ:

59

*""J zv J G {UPmk
mh Ax a_P x Gu u |U-P PUThx.''
(\ Lz, S,UP 222. P uSv 23 .231)

\ A |nzu \
|- uxP J \zv
x J S:
\ " Av' G Ix
uSvP Psh J Gx. Av Czv
\zv[P zx sn \u[P
CUS' G USv Azu. P \ Tmi `zxU Psh. B
I UP[P Psh J uSv |S SvP
EhUQ _zx mk }sh |mPUS
\vzx mh. 23 BskPUS "~x U' G
J Gv. Au US C
uSv Ix G zxmh. Iu IuUS
zu ()Ci UQ:
*""u Ix uSvP Gx Gsn Cux.
B Iu xx GU Pv. IxUS
IxUS J J u zv\. (Ex
GsP u Guk &
)-Bu Ixh PkUPmh USv {mhx.''
( Iux uSv , S, UP 7,
P uSv 21, UP 9)

\ Jx.
*""H_x C{ uP, AUQP oS.''
(z a\, S, UP 21, P uSv 10, UP 133)

C Chzv GxQ:
*"" vmhwP.AP E[Pz vmi
Th.''
(Pv , S, UP 11, P uSv 19, .11)

60

PP S \ FuP
Cvu P Eu s|P, Eu smk
sP, y \P [P, C\,
|sP A[PUPmhPz vP. CuU
Pzv J G P mk .
B P P zuzvS G
Cu "Gx- P A\' |zx E Pshk
zuu si "smh u' BQ
\ - , , C,
CP Eu JUPU Sn[P G A
Cuv. A-h ] GzxP B\U Pg][
PP, AUPz- u UPuP, JUPP uP,
u CUS uP, [P {uuP,
\u a\P Cu. E[P Skzvh Ax
iUP mP- kP. GkzxUPmiS Ax Gz
u[P Cx ]z u |kQ. uU
PmiP izxU P[P. \ CxU
P Ph-P C GxQ:
*"" u Cx zx QhUS
R CUQ.'' (x PP xPP)
(\ Lz, S, UP 106, P uSv 23, .114)

CxUP Ph \ C
A|PP Smk APz vmk-Q.
Cu GvP A CxUP Czu
Cv|() AP uUSP, CP
], Gv, oP, Tmh[P G |hzvP.
C Ji \ "]zuz P' G
J Gumhx. Au u v vAzv[P Cu. B \ Cxu
P CP Gv S Au K
Azv- \UPmk Asn | () AP
|UT_ AUS CzxzuP. ]x PzvS
- P E[P mk, BPvP
A E[P skzx P "[R
' G Gumhx. Cu Cvz xnU
Pshzv Cu P Cu[P smk \h
Pz xUPmhx.

61

Av |sP P E ] UP[P ATx iUP sk G PmkU PQ. Cu GzxP Gu AS |P |h Gumk CUQ G A C[S v \
Ch u. g] UP[P GsP mk
SkQ.
1. B u, U. 31&34, 75&76
2. \UP Av, P 5, U. 192&196
3. Ag\ H Azu, U. 311&317
4. RPx , Cv Azv, U. 444
5. B Pz H C, U. 282

Av Azv P J _P Ex.
"A |], UPu' ( B
m |) EzuU P P P AP
Cu zva \ Es {US GvP CUQx.
Av Azv \P GzxP PUS Gv , u, C BQ
{uU Pn iQx. Cu ] SP:
*"" |x JU Pu Gimh G, A u u u
(x ) GP B E GU Puk. P u( u) A.''
\ P J `Lzx b
A Pm C GxQ:
*""GUS J J hx ( A
) xx. Au A u PkUP x. (PP `a]) Cu
zx | T. Ph E x C
\ C[Pmk. Au Lzv (\UP- mh) PnP } \zvS PmiS EQ
mh. } ushUS B.''
(CL Av, S, UP 75, P u. 19, .196)

z h AP
U Sk x,

62

*"", BnUP, PhP

u, A, mhP S, A P, w
i, A[P, uUP, zu,
Ph Ay hu'' G Aa]UQ.
(A HBu, S, UP 241,
242 P uSv 11, .241, 242

| u() AP
Gxux:
*""A Ph, B.''
(A H Bu, S , UP 251,
P uSv 11, UP 251)

z Az P[P () AP
(C uv u]u UP AbP J) GxQ:
*""Smk zu, Pkh u, h, \UPmh.''
(A H Bu S, UP 252,
P uSv 11, UP 252)

Bx() AP SkQ:
*"" Ga\ Cx J w | PsQ. A J \UPmh zu B. mhP x, w , A Sv, A[PzxU T UQzuP
UP H , P CUS hP
B-x G mk.''
(RPx & CvSv, S, UP 445,
P uSv 22 , UP 445)

Av |sP, }[P _k\P,

\P vmkP zwP. Cx A
Eh TQ:
*""E vmkx H_x Rzu
PP oS.''
(z a\, S, UP 21, P uSv 10, UP 113)

63

* TQ:""z u HU z
z
v |z zx LP ''
(: PmhP G P Pmh
w \ \ B. Gh Ezv Cu
A_z- u AhxQhUQu Ah E E
; PUS PS)
(Pv BP |, S,
P uSv 20, UP 458)

\ |Pa_ En mh
sk. A UPx \ u E x
B \ C[Pmk GuS vP \P \ Gs 1 , \ Gs 2 G B Gvk.
Cuh _ \v Av Azv A
"_u P' (Gzx u) G Pshkxu.
\ Ci TQ:
*""Lz (\) Pkx ]zwUSP (EsP) s. Jx \ CkP CUP
mh.''
(C A, S UP 356,
P uSv 3, UP 456)

\ ux Az EP C
USQ:
*""B | Psx G Azv ]h
mk, h Cu A|PP SiPskx. J
\Pu Ah Pmi Axmh Au
E uP A G h Q.
A GvUP G Pmi Pzx
kQ. Au Akzu zxU Pv.
A H\ A][PPz vmh uh[QkQ.
CuU Tmhzv- h CzuP { | Ah
PsQ. A- x G E wUP[SP mh
k Ca] BQkQx. | [SPh
Cx Cu u- P h Cu h |P
CUS Gz uQx. { CUP

64

| Gu Qa] UP {Pa]PUS J
\UP i? ''
(ux SB, S, UP 2 Cv,
P uSv 6 , UP 396)

Pv A ux:
*""Pv zx GUS C(AUS)
xx. "A v' Aux Cv
v UP xP.
(uQ Cz, S, UP181, Csh v)

\ ux Cv u Azv
JUP { C GxQ:
*""Cx Q[PP Az(\zv n) \xP |sn P AUS AP
C. J Su J
\u Pmhzv ukUQ Q. ] |PmhP SvP GuP x
kQ. Gi J | nzuU Pshx v
KkQu Ax \uP[P KkQ. ''
( Av, uSv 5 , UP 88 )

\ umh B, ] UP
UP[- P |PUSP AUS zu
uP CUQ. }[P PzvS AvvUS
BQhU Thx GuPP C[S AU Sh. Cx uhP \ P
Az Gv \ UP
zx v, Lv x \vU Gv U
BQ P A] ]UP sk GU
PmkU PQ. |zx, z BQUS
E- Pshk \ umh B
sP Guz uzv Cu Gx E[PUP .
T Azv J PL zw z x Sa\mkP AkUPkUP
_zxQ. A J UQ Piuzu Gv CUQ.
Azv zw GvUQ.
B \ H Fz G v G

65

|Q. Cu J |UP Psh ]

EU S, Es { [P.
*""z Fz P Cu.
UP Ax a\zv Dkkxsk.
A Gux Eh Psh Av
G Bm\ Ex? Gumkux.
|US z Fz x Guu S
S C. H A Axu a
\ (). B |US ux u
hzv A- v US PL zw xu
Bm\ Gxx. H C Gx
a\ x Psh CUQ.''
(A L |u, Pv u A v | 31.8.1938)

Cu Uu PiP P & EunP

uP v P \z u AU (v
Hmi ] u UP[P), P
B ( u \vP), PL P
(PL PkP), P
( ), PP(BP
mhU P)BQ P iUP. Cu P
v \mh Es {Pa]P JAv
Ps-Pz vuS x.

n |zxzv uha](Lz
H C ~z) Cu Csk JAv u PS. Cx
Ju hUUP U Pzx BS. \un
C A SB w
Cu -P PvP Bozu
u[PUS v T Cx. Au | J
Av Th CuU S- mh wPz u
\kQ. C- P A x
Psh u xkQ. CuS P
Hu J Av |s Ax a\Ph Px
h, USu, uUP xUPzv, "C
\ umh B sP x u
' G T Av |sP hzx

66

QP. P- P P zx A\uPP
Ph uh- B - UQ. Pmh zu \z
vmiu B\kQP. Av |sP
Ax Azv P(]P) Jx
Cu \, Cu zv u
JzxU P- u C. zxkQP.
Pn G? Hu \a\ Esk, Gu UP
QP Gxu. Av |sP u
Ax Cu UQ A\zv x Bx ]vUP
sk.

Av ARuUPi S \ |P `P CUSm\zv Av |sP,

AP \ umh B, sP
_vx Q KhU Thx. H |P
`-P u u[P umh sPzu
UP UQP. uh |hzuzu GkzxUPmha \UQP.
Cx uhP () AP J J
GkzxUPmh E[P UQ. J| |P |P() S x H { UP AUPz
x[Q. G x S , AP
|UQ,"UP, }[P G EsPU PxQP? P {UQP?' G Ezu S
Pmh.
A Jzu S vzu. "|[P E[P
|x uUS zuP u
uPP Jx Pmhv. |[P {a\P
EvPU TQ. }[P \vU (Es), A
() G G[P Cuzv UQP.'
Cuz uhx | () |- P ."[P, | Cu Ea] x {. }[P
R CUQP. | S Akzu UPzu UQ. Cu UP E[P PsQ. | C[Qx
Psh PU Tmh UP |Pz uUQ
`h u x PsiUQx G \ }[P |P?'

67

Eh UP, "{a\P. E[P Es-, T UP GuU Pn C.

SP }[P E Chzv { Psk C
UQP G { US Pv C.'
() TP: ""C G E[PUS uPP EunPU T. Cx
}[P J zu |S xP[P. n
E[P P PP |UQ x PsiUQx. }[P
C {zukP. G E[P
EQ x ix CUQu Au }[P PsThP
UQP Au zu | EP UQ.'
AuS () AP UQ
u, A\zv ]zuu[P {, UQP[P Es
{, A uu[P P UQ.
Asn Cu UQP[P Gu AUS
Gu Eun[P, EP Pmi ukzv.
\- Ph zu. C kQ
GzuP Q- [P Pmi CUQ Gu
Gkzxzu. S Szu C u
CuP. B AP x \ i
. H- AP { E Es
B. u sP,
JUPzv zu E, |sP ]P, SnU
S - {ux. u Ph
CzuP B- - AP Psh. Pmh
. A Gv-u Gi? UPzx SP
uP. UPz-u sk.

\ GzxP, A
u hzv AuP GzxP ]z
u J E[P |UP a\
-zx {Qx. Ax G APUS Ezu
- ( \uzu) Phu Pzv, {PPzv, [Pzv GuU PP i
AUP Cuv. CuPz ukx.
ux B\, , AP, APx GvP J C C."zu C'

68

Gk C \uzv vP
AP AvUP u PPU PvP.
Cvz xnU Pshzv C Bm] JUP
Ana \x, |x smh |PPzu Susi uzx m\U PnUP A P
Ab UP P SzuP Gu
J vx | Pzu |mn
CUP i? B P zuzvS G \ u EP PmkP
B[Q HPvzvzu Px, kzv,
Emi, |US zvzx, |m mi,
Au AP A_i h uhx oU Psh Cu. Ax v A
TQ:
""C|UPP, uP QuP E[P E |sP BUQU PwP. AP ] ]US |[Q |sP CUQP.
E[P G APz u E |sP
BUQU Psh A APa \uP PoUPk. {a\P A AUQUPPUS |
Pmkv. (ASB 5: 51)
Cx uhP \ Gsn PmkP,
EhP ] SPU Ps.
*""Phu Ix BskPPz uhx u
|hPP vP En PshP
Bm] Emhzv E |snzv {P Ch izx J Sk G \u PP CUQ Gu B[Q A_ AvPP
Pzv P skz uh PmkU PQ. AP \uP AihPU
Psk PU Pzxh Ga\UPP u|USh uUSU R CUQP |kzu
sk G PmkUPQ. CuU Skzv
{UPmh |mh AUP _\zu Pzv Psk GUS Gx TmhzvUS
]a \PP Azx xnh |hUP- oUS PmkU PQ. |x Sk uumk

69

B[Q Bm]UPPz ux Czuzua ]u

Ez uv Gx [Qx C Gz
ukzxQ.''
( Cvz, S, P UP 21)

*""Cu Bm] | |kP Cx Skzxh uh | Gu Ax P sk. Gx uu S x Bm]P

J |n, | |kP Cx. AUS P u CUP AUP-mhx. g\ \P, uP h
QL G uu Gv CUQ. Q.. 1857&C A ux \UvUS B[Q Bm]US
Eu \u. B[QUS Gv m] x
CUPmh ` Ix Sv h A
B[Q Bm]US Eu \u.''
(Qu , S, UP 3&5, Cv (A)\h
20, 1897 P uSv 13, UP 4&6)

\ 84 P Gv. A J
\zu J A {k. B \
mi Bm] P kv Gu AUSa \ Gu izux kQx. R
uk J S P PzvSx.
*""Gx | Sv Cu B[Q Bm]US BuP, EuP Pu Ex. |
z uh \mhu B[Q Bm] sk G P, AP,
]kP Gv E. A J \zu
Ix AP {. CzuP P | Azx
A |kPUS GQx, ], P \ \zxmh. P Cu (B[Q) Bm]- US Es _]PP h sk Gu Gh P Gx Cux. hP EzuU
PkUSi, P En Psh v ,
Czu ]h Aih zP (wP) mk Ena]mk v Px kmk P sk.

70

C Azx APh E[Px

Axh sk Gu Gh B\.''
(uS S, S, UP27, 28,
P uSv 15 UP 155, 156)

*""| B[Q Bm]US Aiox S Phu

Cx BskPP UPUS u \x Q.
G uUS Cu AP [Q
x. { C CUSm\zv | Cu
PmkuUS GvP Gi \vz vmhzvSz xn
? A ux umh A GUS G
AzxUS Cu Bm] xPz ux Gu | |P A. Cu Bm] R
|USU Qhzx Cu Ava ` UP Qhzuv. w Qhzuv. A]
u|P Phi| C.''
(uS S, S, UP 28 ,
P uSv 15, UP 156)

*""G iiP Gx xP (^hP) AvPP Au i Cu v a E

PsiUS BuP SxkP G |
vhP |Q. H G G v
G HUPu z Ph {Px
S.''
( Cvz, S, P UP 19)

*""] hP AP Cu Bm]h
z \x \, u G P GQP.
CuU P mhux Gx { CUPmk. H Gx EPzu H | | m-kx u, PmhU PhP CUQu AP
Gvzx Gi z \ i? J EP EPzu zx Ak Gv Enh \kx
wP, () uP
s-S G | EsPU TQ.''
(x SB, S, UP 84, P uSv 6, .388)

*""Pzx[S (z) Szx | Ax

TU Psh CUQ. Czv Csk P[P
Gxu Ax. A J A hS.

71

C PkP ix ux {
|US xP Azu, Av _m\zu {{zv
Cu zu Bm]USU Rix.''
(uzx SB, S, UP 84,
P uSv 6, UP 380)

*""Cx v Gsnzu mh
|sP! Cx wUPP x \sh
\x UPmkx. UPzv (w)
uP (C) Cx xmh. w
Azx PUS Cx i xmhx.
Cx zvx C J C[SQx.
Cx \s- h a_ nx. Cx
z \ C v. Cimh
CuU PP-Eh | B.''
(xL Pm, S, \UP UP 42,
P uSv 17, UP 77, 78)

*""| Gx Ph uP, A
P _uvP { Bu xP |S
B[Q Bm] GUSz ux Eu US
(AUS) | \zuU Phmk. Cu
P Bm]US | \zxx J SiP
x Ph G G x PhP CUQx.
H Gx Eu |UP[P ^ Cv
(B[Q) Bm]USU R Cx \kzu CQx.
C Gu Bm] AvPzxUS R |h-kzu Cx. Ax J C Bm]P Cu
\. Cx | m] UP A]
|zu nUP . A Ph B
UP C! E Q, A-
|x US A] P Qh zv
P. H Ax Bm] R |[P Q
h Buzxh |h CUQ. | G
Ax | P[P _m\P CUQ
A Au CUPa \P. CuU
PUP x A \zxuS Ax
Ezv C |snzu Cha \P. Cu B \Uv EUP CUQx. B ,_

72

B (C HUP) G zuh Cu
iUQ.
PUP &Ai S Az,
Pvx.
(xL P, S, UP 31, 32 )

C u S Az \ u P
Uh PoUS Gv }sh Piu "]u P" G i CUQx.
\ CuU Piuzv K C{PQ so Gu AUS Ezv Px P `mi
Gu \ Es E uQx. A JUP sP Azx P usi Uh Po Pxz uUQ. Cu C[S GuUTh mPUQx.
Av |sPUS J skP G
A] Cu Hu J Av Pzv
Cx Gkz-x iUP sk Gxu.

Azu Av Gx ux GsoUP
Pkzva \u UPPU PsiUQx. Cx
u K AhS. Qu
Ax |kP Gu UP uPU PnUPk |hUQu Au Azu Av u[P Av G Skuz uU
-QP. Cu APx uPU PnUPkv
- x ][P EQ. UP uPU PnU
Pk x Av |sP u[P uh
Azu Avh CUQx G uzu
AP Es- GsoUP vQk. Cu
AP u[- P - \mh, A] \\, \P EP
(Qu) GuP CUS.
AvUP u[P UP uP Qua- \ zvS AvPP Qu Azxz xP
~x Chzu izxU Psh. Cu
P { E UPkQx G AP x
_zuk Sa\ uP xk.

73

1908&C \ nhu x mh
APzv AUPi AvP
GsoU- P 19 BP Cux. 1921&C UP
uPU PnUPki Cuz uP 30,000 Bx.
1930&31B Bsk PnUPki AvUP zu
56 B Cu. Cu GsoUP
zw z 1934&B Bsi BPk u 5&B
uvmh |-u Pv v JzxU Psk.
1954&C i \nU S AUP Av
UP GsoUP Csk m\ GQx. 1981B
Bsi Cv UP uPU PnUPki Qu
J m\zx AvUP E. Azu
Av- |P PL u Av P
Pmhzv Avzv \ GsoUP AU
PvPP PkzvU Tmhx.
Azu Av Tux: (Qu)
Bsk

vuPa \

1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 (JiP Sx)

2,04,308
4,21,753
8,47,725
16,02,721
30,04,585
50,04,591
1,08,20,226
4,13,08,975
8,10,06,700
2,06,54,000
8,92,403

CP Phu 11 BskP JmkzuP 16

Pi 57 m\zx 68 Bzx 8 Cu Azv Cnu. Azu Av P Cu g]
u[P Azv GsoUP PkzvU
Psh \ C ] BskP EP UP
uPh AvPQk. u[P GsoUP

74

AvPUQ Pkzv US[P uu

|UP J Ju. u[P EPUS \ T AP Bu {zv Bzxxu. |x Az |u Q QU PsiU- Q x G zx Pmkxu. B Es
{ CuS mhuP Ex. Cu
Azua \uP u[P GsoUP zu
A Bsku mhP Azx
kQP G EvPU TQ. Cx uhP CP- h Gu v \ C G AvmkU
T. Au \ Azvh J Av
Szx vQ CUQx.
Azu Av UP uP AvP
G AP Cu Pzv P , Phukzu
Gv Gu I C. Bsk u (sh
|P) |h Bsk x Gu Aih
Bu C, ]vUP PP, P[PUS
|k PiUPnUPP Cnu G AUS A! Cv mhUP UQP? PkzvU TuS, uS K
G Ex. \ C Gv. |
B[QUS BuP z uh \mhu
G Gv E. Au Pa \zu
Ix AP AkUP si G. ,
Gx Azum]P GsoUP zx m\zu Gmix
G. Cx Pkzu Ea\ G. Cu zu Azu Av P Q G.
J Bsk sh |h BskU
Tmhzv u zvPP, uUPm] \P,
Cnu[P uvP -Azu Av
Cn GsoUP P-kzvU PP
J GsoUPU SzxU P- Q . Gu |mi
Gu |P Gu Sv Gimh UP GUPnz
vPP Azu Av \-uP G Bu[P
uh sk. PiU PnUQ Cn J Th
u mi, u UPzu, ux A[

75

P, \v uv H? H? Azu
Av T- i 2001&C Gmk Pi zx
m\zx Bzx G Czx J vuP
Avzv Cnu. Au Bsk AvP EP
A Cu {PU Ps-hi CUP sk.
S Az \- P Cx
Hu ui izx Cu UQ {P
x \zvUP s- k . Azu Av
G[P x J Cnx-mh APx |uP,
zvPP, uUPm] \, zu[P BQ
Pshi QQ. B C[S PiUPnUP
P Cn Szx US uP C. n
H?
Es { G Qu Emh
|kP EP x Av Azv Cn
GsoUP mkkzumk mhx. Av
- A zv PP, PmkP Es {
Ax Psh Azu Av
P, \un AvP Skzxh |s
Ph y Czv CnQ. Cx uhP
[P }[P Cnuzv Pn.

A v AP AiUPi P x S
_zxxsk. AP 1953&B Bsi }v\
\nU Pmi Cz uP
Gu UP x vv Cu GQP.
Es G u Azxz u
P Ab UP Gu UP
UPzu JuP HU PsiuP. J uzux o mh Pn[P UP
Azvu Au B U Pzx JP Cux. Cx Hu PnUS Ax A
P A. J zuP, UQ[P J
vP Cv. }[P EQ v P Ab UP, PuP Jnzx
|n Ax Es Gu UP ua \[P.
Jh UP Pzu CUS.
CP J v UP uv. Bu
|n, Es Gx \a\US G Azu

76

P i? Cimh uUPa \P
PnP | Au AbP \UPmhP Ga
\ i?

P h E Pzx kP G Q BP S. UPzv
Aih zv Azxz u |UP
PskP. |UPh Jnu
E. Azu Av Pzx - kP
E. Az u Av S
T S G C UQh AihU
PPP GvU Pzx CUQx. mk, AP
"Azv] ]zuu' G Aih J J
Gvzx SL(PL) z (UPz w) Th Pkz
xP. Cu Csk J x
(CP A S E uP; A
-UPmhP Gx ShzuUPx) zu
Pk Sa\P P uP z uuP
Es { GkzxuP Ax.
A a\, J E, vmk, w |hzuP,
P, P zu, AP, P, UP
mh () \vzx Esq US,
u, \i, Ay u, |UP xP BQ
Sa\P UP vP SL, U u(`a]P), u(\v) Sa\P UQ. Cx uhP " si' G
U Pmh iUP sk. Cu Bnzv Csk
AihU Pzx kP P, J
x.

Azu Av \u (|Ph)US Aih UQzx umkx. J Azxh

Cnx u Aozx AUP o u H PnP Hux
]UP \u Pmhn \zu G Az
Au Gu P JzxU Pv. J x
Avhx Gu AS zv \u
PmPkQu Av zv J [S Gu UQ
zvS P \zukv.

77

Azu Av Gsn (U) a\

PP, uslP u { PnP
Azv oP {uP DkkQP. AP
u { Ai J \U Px
C. PU S Fv Av u
\uUP izxU PkQx.Cv ]zxh
Sk |hzu si {USz ukQ. Cv
\u \zu siv G ]US \P
US AUPmkx. CzuP UQ\P
\ SkzuP AUSkzxh uh EP CUQP.
G {US u _ J zuU Sh
Q. Azu Av Bsku
"\u ' J |hzumk ] |PhP `-UPkQ. UP 1983&US " '
Azu Av Gu Bsk |h. J Bsk Av Az EPhx Cua \u `UPkQx.
Azu Av ux 50&US mh
\uUP |h E. A Pa \zxi Ax skP hkQx. | C[S
Cua \uUP P _UP [P u GU
Pv. B Pmk } Pv u. Gx
"Pvzvx C ' (Pvz
C uU) G Av Azv
U Az \ Czu
HUPsh UPU Pmk Cua \uUP
[P umk.
(S: U Az \ PvP C
PL A-xUS Gv J Piu "Cx
J A' G u h-m-kx.
Cv|zx xP \P --x C
u-k "Ag\ mi Gs 57, S- 642 001 }Q -mh G PUSU Piu Gv -.)

C vP | Azx Av |sPh P
UQ K A\zuU Szx Eh GsqQ.

78

() AP |P. ""A
J si xUPzv Cu Ezvh
UPzvS zxmh(zvz) J A-.''(RPzx , S, UP 193,
P uSv 22, UP 200)

"| vP si zvz' (zxmk) G \ E Pshi Ph

\Q. Cx CvUP. Cv Cv zvz
sk. Ax Cu sku. Bu |
FuP E. B Cx vP
sk ix vu sk uh[Qmhx. Bu Asn Ti Cu si
J zvv P A]Qx. { CUP
S Az \ vP sk zvz
Bu Fz BP E G E
Ph uQx. H Fz- u Cv
zvz BP CvU Pzv u.
S Az \ uuP Fz
G HU Psk Azx |sPh |
PmkU Px G ATx T
Asn |() AP J
]vzx [P.
1. v si zvz ? C?
2. , {a\ G \
zvz B? C?
A Cv zvz C P {nzxU
T mhx. Bu A Fx BP mh
Gx {a\. H \ Gv.
*""Cv Pzv u Cv zvzu
Fz B Gx A Jzu
|UPS.''
(RPzx , S, UP193,
P uSv 22, UP 201 v)

Cx \ Fz C
A |P CUP ix.

79

A Av |sP, Cu Smk
Azx Bu[P Ai Jv (U)
Gkzx C \UP . B zuPzv
P AvPQk G Aa\zv C \
C. Cv um- k Bu[Pa \zx
Esz ukzvU P Av
|sP u[P S \ Px
zxz ux P. Cua \P
E uh-P izx }[P J
]u i \ skU PmkU PQ.

Cx G \ sk G Av |sP
PmP. AP Csk P E Gu
P oh \UQ.
uuP, Gua \ _ ]uh B A
\ uP, P, PP PmkP Bx B \ sk. GuU Pmh
C, B\ A, ux \m]
Si | z (]zx uR) uh sk.
Azu Av ARux, PP
PmkPx y Gsnzxh { ]uh Asn () AP Azv
mhzv u CnzxU P sk. Ah ux [PU T sk.
C E[P Pspz xP v
zuPU QQzxU P. C BQ Csk
Dhzu uUTix
C G Cu Es UP (w)u. }[P
P Pn P[P. AvP
Czu mk Pn
k v A v G Tix.
\u\zu }[P u mjP. }[P Avzu C G uP {zx Au
xmjP. B C \u CUQx.
C PuP C vu E. Cu EP
P PU Sux {xS Gu
Gso [P. UP hS Gx Qk

80

Gx ux. nzv zv KU
Pskx mh u Pu hmk k. |\P, w \P Aih S[P
H CUP C QhUS \zv CUQx. B A\zvU PPP u PnP G PUP Ch. J
T- u Es, \zvzu {|mh G
J Ai- Gkzx v A \zvzu
{PU- Q G . Bu }[P Ez y
h C simk zv[P. |
Pmiz u sk[P. Ax Ph
x ux. Px. C A }[P AuS
zv Gu {zxU Pmk m\zv Cx
{a\ |hu. ] EsP Cu {a\
CUP Ahu wP.
CshuP, Av CzvS \{P
Gu }[P |S
AP. z () AP |zxzvS {P
|zx, SBUS vP v
, UPzx PUS \P uP {ozu UP
A , w US vP wzx
, Es C US PP {
, C QLzxUS vP \u mk
QLz, Ex US (C|UP
P uP) GvP Av E , |zuPUS vP \ |sP,
UP G x RLUS vP v
U, A z G AUPk |P
Skz-vS \{P \P \ Skzv.
C--U-PP E[P { U Pk[P.
J - v |zxzu x vmhmh
AP Au {|mh P ]x ]
Psk UPzv CUS C a
\P mkmk uUP u a \P
EUQU P[P. P x ]u CUP
Pmk[P. APx E-[P xzxa \h
BUPwP. Ca \P CkzuwP.
(Parallel) J v, _ E u

81

Czv umh Ah[Pa ]uUS UPU

Pk[P. Cz-u-P PUSz xn PwP.

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