STRUKTUR DAN FUNGS

KARBOHDRAT
Copyright 2007 by Heli Siti HM
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BIOKIMIA 1
Ah! sweet mystery of life . . .
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Struktur & fungsi
Biomolekul
Metabolisme &
Bioenergitika
Aliran nformasi Genetik
Tiga Area Utama Biokimia
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BOMOLEKUL
Karbohidrat Protein Lipid Asam nukleat
Monosakarida
Asam
amino
Asam
lemak
Nukleotida
katan
glikosidik
katan
peptida
katan
ester
alkolhol
katan
ester
fosfat
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SIkIus karbon
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Carbohydrate and sugar structure
Carbohydrates or saccharides are essential
components of living organisms.
(CH
2
O)
n
Where n3 or greater.
A single saccharide is called a monosaccharide.
Oligosaccharide is a few linked monosaccharides
and are at time associated with proteins
(glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids)
Polysaccharides consist of many monosaccharides
i.e. cellulose or glycogen
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onosaccharides (D-aIdoses)
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%he Fischer convention, the basis Ior the D-
conIiguration in sugars comes Irom D-glyceraldhyde`s
conIiguration around its asymmetric carbon.
CHO
OH H
H HO
OH H
OH H
CH
2
OH
CHO
OH H
H HO
OH H
H HO
CH
2
OH
D-glucose
L-glucose
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Epimers diIIer in conIiguration around one carbon atom i.e. D-
glucose and D-mannose but D-glactose and D-glucose are not
epimers because they very around two carbon atoms. %here are 2
n-2
stereoisomers
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Carbohydrates are classified as to the nature of the
carbonyl group : ketone ketose aldehyde aldose
%riose
%etrose
Pentose
Hexose
2
(n-3)
stereoisomers
oI ketoses
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Monosaccharides can form ring structures
O O
Pyran
Furan
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Glycosidic binds are between two sugars
%hey can either be in the - or . configuration and
can be linked through the 1-2, 1-4 or 1-6 linkage
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Sugar Polymers The Polysacchrides
Energy Storage
Starch --amylose and amypectin
Structural
Cellulose and Chitin
Glycosaminoglycans
Proteoglycans
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--amylose
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Cellulose (polyglucose)
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Glycosaminoglycans &
Proteoglycans
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Distribusi biomolekul di dalam sel
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