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[GKSG\ISÄILG BI
DW@GS
Xsg{flgnkfi lg bi Sgxðcbfkilgb
Xisijwiv
388
X I S I J W I V 
C F K G N \ G N I S F A
9
Dinwib lg ixbfkikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg xsakglfdfgn|a xabfkfibxisi bi fn|gsvgnkfûn gn vfabgnkfi ladæ{|fki" fn|sioidfbfis  lg jængsa
 
_FABGNKFIFN\SIOIDFBFIS V LG JÆNGSA
Dinwib lg ixbfkikf
ûn lgbXsa|akaba lg xsakglfdfgn|axabfkfib xisi bi fn|gsvgnkfûn gn
Xsavgk|a #Kan{abflikfûn v Oas|ibgkfdfgn|a lgb [f{|gdi lg I|gnkfûn i bi{ Dw`gsg{ _äk|fdi{ lg _fabgnkfi Fn|sioidfbfis#.
388
X I S I J W I V 
C F K G N \ G N I S F A
 
[GKSG\ISÄILG BI
DW@GS
Xsg{flgnkfi lg bi Sgxðcbfkilgb
Xisijwiv
388
X I S I J W I V 
C F K G N \ G N I S F A
3
Dinwib lg ixbfkikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg xsakglfdfgn|a xabfkfibxisi bi fn|gsvgnkfûn gn vfabgnkfi ladæ{|fki" fn|sioidfbfis  lg jængsa
Ofkei \æknfki
Dinwib lg ixbfkikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg Xsakglfdfgn|a Xabfkfibxisi bi Fn|gsvgnkfûn gn _fabgnkfi Fn|sioidfbfis  lg Jængsa
Kan{wb|as0
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[gksg|isfi lg bi Dw`gs lg bi Xsg{flgnkfi lg bi Sgxwcbfki %[DXS&Dfnf{|si [gksg|isfi lg bi Dw`gs0
Jbasfi Swcän
Lfsgk|asi Jsib. lg Jicfng|g  Kalfsgk|asi lgb Xsagk|a0
Disäi \gsg{f|i [fbvgsa
Lfsgkkfûn lg Xsgvgnkfûn  I|gnkfûn i _äk|fdi{ lg _fabgnkfi0
Jsikfgbi Pgbii" Lfsgk|asi= Ini Xivûn" Disäi B. Jan$pébgp Nðùgp" \æknfki{.
Glfkfûn jgngsib  {gjwfdfgn|a0
Kgbg{|g Dabfni{" Lfsgk|asi lg Kadwnfkikfûn  Kwb|wsi Lgdaksé|fki.
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Gdci`ili lg G{xiùi gn XisijwiGdci`ilas lg G{xiùi0
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A﬉kfni \æknfki lg Kaaxgsikfûn lg bi Gdci`ili lg G{xiùi $ Ijgnkfi G{xiùabi lg Kaaxgsikfûn Fn|gsnikfanibxisi gb Lg{issabba %IGKFL&
 
Kaaslfnilasi Jgngsib lg bi Kaaxgsikfûn G{xiùabi gn Xisijwi0
Ksf{|fni Iblidi
Sg{xan{icbg lgb Xsajsidi lg Jængsa" Kaeg{fûn [akfib  Xwgcba{ Fnläjgni{0
Dfkigbi Xissi{
Sg{xan{icbg lg Xsagk|a{  Kalfsgk|asi lgb Xsagk|a ‒Kan{abflikfûn  oas|ibgkfdfgn|a lgb [f{|gdilg I|gnkfûn i dw`gsg{ väk|fdi{ lg vfabgnkfi fn|sioidfbfis—0
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D  D Fnlw{|sfi Jsé﬉ ki
Xsfdgsi glfkfûn0
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G{|i xwcbfkikfûn owg gbicasili gn gb diska lgb Xsagk|a0
‒Kan{abflikfûn  Oas|ibgkfdfgn|a lgb [f{|gdi lg I|gn$kfûn i Dw`gsg{ _äk|fdi{ lg _fabgnkfi Fn|sioidfbfis—" kan gb ixaa ﬉ninkfgsa lg bi
Ijgnkfi G{xiùabi lg Kaaxgsi$kfûn Fn|gsnikfanib xisi gb Lg{issabba %IGKFL&
Gb bgnjwi`g ywg w|fbfpi g{|i xwcbfkikfûn nadcsi guxbäkf|idgn|g i ownkfanisfa{  ownkfanisfi{" i cgng﬉kfisfa{  cgng$﬉kfisfi{" kan bi kanvfkkfûn lg ywg gb bgnjwi`g jgnæsfka na g{ fnkbwgn|g.
Lgsgkea{ sg{gsvila{0
[gksg|isäi lg bi Dw`gs lg bi Sgxðcbfki lgb Xisijwi" %[DXS&.Ijgnkfi G{xiùabi lg Kaaxgsikfûn Fn|gsnikfanib xisi gb Lg{issabba" %IGKFL&.I{wnkfûn" Ija{|a 3899
F[CN0 6:5$666?:$?;6$8$5
G{|i xwcbfkikfûn xwglg {gs sgxsalwkfli |a|ib a xiskfibdgn|g" gn kwibywfgs oasdi a xas kwibywfgs dglfa gbgk|sûnfka"dgkénfka" oa|akaxfila a lg a|sa |fxa" {fgdxsg  kwinla {g kf|g bi owgn|g. Bi{ flgi{  axfnfang{ guxwg{|i{ gn g{|glakwdgn|a {an lg gukbw{fvi sg{xan{icfbflil lgb iw|as  na sgffig`in" ngkg{isfidgn|g" bi vf{fûn nf bi axfnfûn lg biIjgnkfi G{xiùabi lg Kaaxgsikfûn Fn|gsnikfanib xisi gb Lg{issabba" %IGKFL&
Ijsilgkfdfgn|a{.
[g ijsilgkg g{xgkfibdgn|g i bi{ kan{wb|asi{ Injæbfki Sai  Dis|i Avfgla" kwa{ fnoasdg{ lg kan{wb|asäi ownlidgn|isan g{|icbgkfgsan gb xwn|a lg xis|fli ngkg{isfa xisi bi kan{|swkkfûn lg g{|i egssidfgn|i gn gb xsakg{a lg dé{ lg la{ iùa{xisi bi kan{wb|i" vibflikfûn lgb xsakg{a  sglikkfûn lg g{|g lakwdgn|a" flgn|f﬉kinla i bi{ fn{|f|wkfang{  ba{ xsfnkfxibg{ownlidgn|a{. Ib ikadxiùidfgn|a  jwäi lg bi [gksg|isäi lg bi Dw`gs lg bi Xsg{flgnkfi lg bi Sgxðcbfki lgb Xisijwi  lg biIjgnkfi G{xiùabi lg Kaaxgsikfûn Fn|gsnikfanib xisi gb Lg{issabba. I bi kabicasikfûn lg bi Lfsgkkfûn lg Lgsgkea{ Ewdina{lgb Dfnf{|gsfa lgb Fn|gsfas" lgb Dfnf{|gsfa Xðcbfka gn nadcsg g{xgkfib lg bi{ Of{kibäi{ lg Nfùgp  Ilabg{kgnkfi lg bi Kixf|ib. Ibi{ Lfsgkkfang{ lg I{g{asäi @wsälfki  Xsa|gkkfûn lg bi [gksg|isäi Nikfanib lg bi Nfùgp  bi Ilabg{kgnkfi" lg I{g{asäi @wsälfkilg bi Xabfkäi Nikfanib  bi{ Lfsgkkfang{ lgb [f{|gdi 699" [gjwsflil Wscini G{xgkfibfpili" Aslgn  [gjwsflil" KAXGBGS" F[G$XAB" Lfvf{fûn lg I|gnkfûn i _fk|fdi{ lg _fabgnkfi g{xgkfibfpili gn dw`gsg{" nfùi{" nfùa{  ilabg{kgn|g{ lg bi Xabfkäi Nikfanib" dw g{xgkfibdgn|g" lg bi Kadinlinkfi lg bi Xabfkäi Nikfanib xas ixais gb xsakg{a lg ixsacikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg Xsakg$lfdfgn|a Xabfkfib in|g bi Kadf{fûn lg Egkea{ Xwnfcbg{ kwinla g{|én sgbikfanila{ kan _fabgnkfi Fn|sioidfbfis a lg Jængsa—. Ibi kabicasikfûn lgb Fn{|f|w|a Fn|gsidgsfkina lg Lgsgkea{ Ewdina{" bi a﬉kfni g{xgkfibfpili gn i{wn|a{ xabfkfibg{ lg Idnf{|äiFn|gsnikfanib Eabinli" Dw`gsg{ xas bi Lgdaksikfi" Kabgk|fva Dw`gsg{ 37 lg Navfgdcsg" Mwùi I|  lg Jbacib Fnoinkfi" {fnkwi kan{wb|i  ixas|g{ ewcfgsi {fla dw lf﬉ kfb kan{|swfs g{|g lakwdgn|a.
 
[GKSG\ISÄILG BI
DW@GS
Xsg{flgnkfi lg bi Sgxðcbfkilgb
Xisijwiv
388
X I S I J W I V 
C F K G N \ G N I S F A
;
Dinwib lg ixbfkikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg xsakglfdfgn|a xabfkfibxisi bi fn|gsvgnkfûn gn vfabgnkfi ladæ{|fki" fn|sioidfbfis  lg jængsa
Xsûbaja
Gn |ala gb dwnla bi{ dw`gsg{  bi{ nfùi{ {an bi{ xsfnkfxibg{ väk|fdi{ lg bi vfabgnkfi" baywg kan{|f|wg wni vfabikfûn lgb lgsgkea ownlidgn|ib i bi vfli" i bi {gjwsflil" i bi bfcgs|il"i bi lfjnflil  i bi fn|gjsflil oä{fki  gdakfanib. Na ei nili xas ba ywg {g lgci |abgsis agukw{is bi vwbngsikfûn lg g{|a{ lgsgkea{. Bi Xabfkäi Nikfanib g{|é bbidili i fn|gsvgnfs gng{i{ {f|wikfang{ bidgn|icbg{.Gb kadxsadf{a lgb G{|ila Xisijwia gn bi bwkei kan|si kwibywfgs oasdi lg vfabgnkfi fn$|sioidfbfis  lg jængsa" sgywfgsg lg wni ik|wikfûn wnfli=  lg dingsi xis|fkwbis" |idcfænwni ikkfûn kaaslfnili gn ba{ dglfa{" ba{ xsakglfdfgn|a{  bi{ cwgni{ xsék|fki{ fdxbgdgn$|ili{ xas bi{ wnflilg{ xabfkfibg{.G{|g Dinwib lg Ixbfkikfûn lgb Xsa|akaba lg Xsakglfdfgn|a Xabfkfib xisi bi Fn|gsvgnkfûn gn_fabgnkfi Fn|sioidfbfis  lg Jængsa" ixbfki bi Sg{abwkfûn N° 37;!3899 lg bi Kadinlinkfi lg biXabfkäi Nikfanib  xsg|gnlg {gs wn diska lg sgogsgnkfi gn bi ik|wikfûn lg bi{ lgxgnlgnkfi{xabfkfibg{ fdxbfkili{ gn bi bwkei kan|si g{|i biksi {akfib" lg{lg wni xgs{xgk|fvi fn|gjsib.Wni ka{i fdxas|in|g g{ ywg na eiji wni bgk|wsi kassfli" g{|a {fjnf﬉ki ywg na {g bgi lgwni {abi vgp" dé{ cfgn" {g bgi xas xis|g{  lg {gs xa{fcbg {g viin eikfgnla sgbikfang{ gn|sgba ywg {g g{|é bggnla  bi{ guxgsfgnkfi{ ywg {g eiin vfvfla  ywg xwglin g{|is kangk|ili{kan bi bgk|wsi. G{|a {gsvfsé xisi fs sgoaspinla kanakfdfgn|a{. [g lgcg |gngs xsg{gn|g gn |aladadgn|a ywg g{|g lakwdgn|a g{ wn Dinwib xisi oas|ibgkgs gb |sici`a lgb xgs{anib xabfkfib ywg kwin|a dé{ ba kanapkin" dg`as w{a xalsén eikgs lgb df{da.Gn nwg{|si{ dina{ g{|é bi xa{fcfbflil lg ik|wis g﬉kipdgn|g gn lgogn{i lg ba{ lgsgkea{lg bi{ xgs{ani{ väk|fdi{" g{xgkfibdgn|g bi{ dw`gsg{  bi{ nfùi{.
Jbasfi Swcfn
Dfnf{|si ‛ [gksg|isfi G`gkw|fvi[gksg|isäi lg bi Dw`gsXsg{flgnkfi lg bi SgxðcbfkiIcsfb lg 3899
Notes
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