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'f51 India, Bun;. Cey10a

IPOCKET / '
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~,P~IL9S0PHICAL-,Ll~Rk~J~d. PUBLICATIO'NS
"~I' • ~O,uiqwn. Public;aticin~{Printed in'i~ericaJ Inchide .
MOTHER-By Maxim Gorky
- :8UND""ANlt--:BORV_ny Dr: Fliloders 'Dunher ,;
MEDI£lNE'AND'II-EALTH 1lM-:THESOVIET UNION
By Henry E. Sige••i,s~.:81.0. , .
WRITE FOR FRE~ Lf.SlS :" _.
JAICOr:. -;:PUBLISHING~-;HbuSE
4 4-4 5 J E Z R A S T R E ET. C A -L CUT T A
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~~ "jj t'Sl~Ji, ~Ti?t, ~"1"C\Bi{
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"l<1l2t~-C<Ti~t"C'i/,ti", Of! ~~t~ <it~~~ ~tc~ l2t~f\!:~ R'Sl~ '1~i I <2f~f~"C'\3C~"!Oj ~fl~l
C!)~OjJr ~*~ CD~l}J~~"C~ 'Sl~~ @~<f,O1iiSiq; ~~~~ C!)~~~~ r <jift '<l~Ojtr.r'<lCt)'{3 C<II"!il ~fi~1 ~t~t:W>tC<!' <!5t~"C~<>I11f1
~Hr- ~~i "~J
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f.I~<!' ~t~~ ~t~i \!Il2t~~~ ~~tl'tOj ~!i Oji I \!I~ <t~tOjlf~~~U <II~~~ <II~C~ CIf f5-f~c~ fi'lf~., <fjt~~<!' C~~~~1f \5ftt~~1f ~<!~~f<l~1 I
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One camp maintained that before there were apples there wag ~"Cllt'i/~fil<it~ I lfI~f~~ 'ltlf ilj ~tr<ll~l CJJ' <fj~f\!:~ l2t~ ~~~i l1t~1~'11-
The Apple; that before there were jackanapes there was The I;~9/t'l~ij~ 'Sll}J <.!I~ C<f 9jfil'~"1 ~tr.r"! <J.~'Ii~t~ f~"jj ~t~~<!',
Jackanapes; that before .there were lewd and greedy monks there C'\jt~1'~I ~t~C<llt.!I<!''TC~~ffl~
~"cOj<!, ~~~, '\31~t~ 'Sl~ <fjc~t'SlOj~"jj
were The Monks, Lewd· ness, and Greed; that befor~ there were feet ~~i ~t9f"COj~
I 9f~~ 'f~ bt~<IIt1f~t~"C~ ~"C~eil1 ~'{3~t!i~t~r~~ <!'~~~
to kick and backsides to be kicked. The Kick in the ArBe existed ~~~ 7J?je~if~~-CW~<II I I;~ 9ftlf"Cil1f\!I~ <i~~ ~~"C~ ~t<[t1f@~9ff~ I
from all eternity in the bosom of God.
\St<[t~ C~~~~ <jJ<f~tlI <IIf<r\!it~ ~ilf-7J?jt-w
I ~t~t'(3 I;v!tfif~ ~~~t"C~
The other camp replied that On the contr~ry apples gave maD ~~<!'I }j~~C~~ ~t~<II <fj~!)~1
~~~~, <f~~t<jt~~t..{r ~~1 ~'1<1111f
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the idea of The Apple, jackanat:es the idea of The Jackanapes, monks ~t~~<i1.rt~t<[t~ ~ ~i\f-7J?j~i\f1f
~Cij'tf<Ti~~tR~~<f ~~t~ <Ti~1f
il1 I
the idea of Monk, Greed and Lewdness. and that the ki.ck in the
V' ~t<fi ~t~t~J1f <j1~ilI ~t<[1~t~c~~ ~t'l'2;<IIttllj1f '8 ~t9/ti)1f ~t<i]~ I
backside existed oniy after having baen duly given and re~eived.
~t<jt~ ~t~~t~H I;9/DI C~~ ~t~"C\!:J~ ~'lt~'1 f.11S~<II~~I f<ll~ ~t<[tnt~
The players grew heated and came to fisticuffs. I waS an
"lJfu;'Ii~'lJt9/t~ Oj~, 'it~t~ '<[5il1I ~t~ 'lt~"C'\3J1f'Rt;.tC1f~1~'i'n1i'1
adherent of the second party which satisfied my reason hetter.
~"lt'Sl'\3t~<!' ~~~~ ~c~t'\j "Hif I ~t~t~ 1f'~, ~t~~J ~~ <!'Rl<ft1f
~RW~t~ ;:Ql.t'T-\!I~
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9f~ ~Ilfo! ~B I .
~~~1 R~<!' ~t~f\!iJ<!' ~f<r>"C'\3
9fIT1fOj
I ~~ <r~Oj~ ~"it~tc'i/if ~~1
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~~ ~~c( ~~ill ~tm<!' ~~tlf 'Sl~ '{3 C!)~"co{1f
9f~~if ~~t1'~ ~~~~~ I ,:<!'tilf<ll~<Ti~sN <IIft!~ c'lit., ~t~tlf <itf~~ ~tPi~1 ~t~~
~<Titif <Ti"C~ Oji,'{3 '\3t~t~~ ~<f~'Slf.1~ oerR?~Jfi{3'>1f
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~t~~-ft'l <m!)~t~ lfil, ~'e'i ~l(il ~fu;~ I ~t~
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Whenever sympathetic magic occurs in its pure unadulterated
form, it assumes that in nature one ever follow~ another necessari. <l'tslR<t>7jt~J fu~ ~~~<!li'l1I ~~SitC'1~ ~t~ ~l:il~*A~ ~~t~'iI'~ I
ly and invariably without the intervention of any spiritual or ~~IS ~~ <!l~~~t~'iI''t~~1S~'lil 'T~$tt"i~ ~~; <!l~~t~~'l <lt~<f'1~$tC"l
personal agency. Thus its fundamental conception is identical
I ~9\"'li ~f5rl:~~~I (~~@jtl:'1~ "l"C<tJ<t>H!
<!l~ <lit~R<t>~'fi <!l<l~
c~9tR<'8\S"
with that of modern science; underlying the whole system is a
faith, implicit but real and firm, in the order and uniformity of '1'!t~i!5/<!l~ ~<t>~~~ ~'11f15"T9\Rl'tf~ ~"C~"C~ C'T'<l'~i 9f~i'l <'8t"C'I1
~~
nature......... Thus the analogy between the. magica.l and the ~tti'!tSOl1 <t>~~~<f I )
scientific conception of the world is close. In both of them the \!'n'i~ ~ ~t~"l '1t~t<!~i-~J~ I c~9t~., '1"ltillf <:<'8"C~ 0i~1
succession of events is perfectly regular and certain, being deter:
~'1 "'l~il '1"ltillf; C1f-'1"l't"Cillf
c~9tf<!<'8tt;j,
~~I.!l~ c~9't)j'~$t"l1S
I ~'iI' C\f~
mined by immutable laws, the operation of which can be foreseen
and calculated precisely; the elements of caprice; of chance and U'1 {f"R ~H f<I~i{<!tlf I ~~illft"C'ii'l<[If"C'i<j'$j~t~ <j"c~~~'1~'~ '1~~~'l
of'~ccident are banished from the course of nature ~ . 'f"fi{, ~~t"Ct;j~ 9f~<!~~ fol~<!l ~~~~t'lt?l ts"'1t~, C<l~tf.l<l' <I~<ltif<11
...........................
, Thus in so far as religion aSsumes the world
illf~<!ttlf'ilN~<!lc<t1't'fi
C~"C~ C5~il<l't~'t<!tlf<11
R~t"'l~t~lf~ ~~<fi c<t1't<t>
I
to be directed by conscious agents who may be turned from their
c~9t ~\i;t~t;j~ 9ft'"it9\tf-r f<l~t"l<lt"C'f~@lfllI <!l~'<t>
f"l~<l' ~f~~f1J'fi
purpose by persuasion, it stands in fundamental antagonism to
/'
magio a; well as to soience, both of which take for granted that ~t9f~il <I~'i @f~"C~CIf{3~l'61"i'j"'l1I c~9t~<'8\S"'1"l'tiS7"C<f
~"C<t>"t
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the oourse of nature is determined, not by the passions and "ll:<jJ~ f;q~ti{~tlf' ~~"ci{~ ~r-~ ~~~I <!lr<\' ~tiS7ril~<l' 'f-ay-R~"t"C<f?l
oaprioe of tiereonal beings, but by the operation of immutable
c~ ~i ~~"l <lJ'?'<t>'iI'tlS
~'T~<[I R~il<lt~lf~ 'Jl"C 'IJ, C5~il-<l't~'t<lttifl
laws acting mechanically. In magic, indeed, the assumption is
"T~<tJc~9t-'1"Tt~illf~~l~i; c~9t-~"lt"CiS7~
'1l:~ Pl~i{<!lr1f1f ~t~'l.<l't~
only implicit, but in s~ience it is explicit.
'1"9j~1
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'1~<[~'1
<!l~"C~
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~lN"l c~9t~"'l 'l"it~ c~t~ C\f~1N"f "'l~il '1~t~-C~9tRI!;i&
"llltN~ "lt~r;<!~ ilt~5-~~~t"Cay C<r'"i1~t$f,-R~\S" 1j~,R5 ~~~ <!l~~<l'~1
1J"lt«lfI <!l'<t>Nr<\'
~~'1'~~~, ~9f'il' N"C'<t>
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~1)i<!t~ 1l?:\51~<l#fll \5tVf~ <t>W~: ~t'l"lt~ ~\!i'l\5 I ~i5't"l P1"l~ 9fJtf9f~~l Cilt~~ ~R ~~~ Ci{~ I ~~ c<t>t?:il1'!!llt~<t> ~tiSf-.ftf\!i?:<t>~<t>~\5

~~~~ ~~~Ilf l!l~t?;O{f<t>~S1 @i ~ ~<lt~ ~?:~i~i{ ~~, 'ij\5~ ~t<!i~ 'ft~ c<r t2tst~-<>f~ il~ I

·~t~'<A ~Pi?:<t>~ '!lC~~ CD?:~f<t;~ort<!i<1>or

im \5i~ ~t'1 '>it$m <Tt?:<!- l!j-C~i{ C<T~'ij'l, <1l?:~ 9f?:'l.fiOft~l ~tfi;?:~ f<!~~ ~-~ <fi~ f.l~~

I have never seen a blacksmith on an embassy, nor a smelter 'S?:~ il1 I ~'if<ltil ~ ~<t>?:~ ~C\!ii f'f?:~ 'If'if ~~?:<t>~~r<l' ~~ Cll?:~~~il !
sent on a mission, but what I have seen is the metal worker f\!if.4 .<t>if ~ <I''if'C'1ifOft~~<t>, ~t~ "lt~?:<f~ Of?:<!J~~ Oft~~ C~~1Ht?:<t>!
at his toil, at the mquth of the furnace of his forgo, his fingers . 9ff"5?:"f~ r.<t>til 9ft~1~~ f9!~i{ nr?:<t> 1J~ ~"lrt'if 'Sjllt~~~! l!l-~<! ~~
as rugged as the crocodile, and stinking more than fish-spawn .. ,,'
~'ifC't~ Oft~i~ \9?:~ foil Of~<l?:<t>l!4~ ~'if'l ~~r\5~ ~<J[ '<It'ii <t>S1il1~~?:<f
The stone·cutter who seeks his living by working in !Ill kinds of
durable stone; when at last he has earned something, and his C<f>Ofi{<t>?:~! <!I'~i{l!1~1<iC#f~t<lr<!: --e @~ <11"!5l~ COf<!nJf-;~:I 'cm~~
two arms are worn out, he stops; but if at sunrise he l'em~ins ~'lfit '<Ii'~~Off#f 0l~?:<t>f f<t>~
<11\S~ <!~Ci{~ C<fit'Ci{1Of~t<lt<t>J
$ l!4t'i~ <t>i~~
sitting, his legs are tied to his back ... " .....
mCT; ~~T;\S~<!t~ <t>~ il~ I
Shall I tell thee of the mason, how he endures misel'Y? Exposed
c~9tf<l~ #fOftlafI ~~f\!i~ #f~5f ~Of'C<!\5 ~~~1or il~ "!5lt~ I "!5l1~?:'1
to all the winds, while he builds wiLhout any garment but a
belt ... ".His two arms are worn-out with work; his provisions ~~$P[C~~ C~ tft~ ~ c"ttf<f'i5 ~il'if~'t~ \S9f~; ~'<Ii( \!itt'i~ <1it?:~
are placed higgledy-piggledy amongiOt his refuse; he consumes C<l1<!tiOft~, f5-~t~ wti'\ C<ltili ~?:~ ~i~<fi, Of~'It~ ~ll~~~~.s \!ii?:'f~ i:<li{Cij~ r
himself, for he has no other bread than- his fingers. He is muoh 'ij\!i~ ~fi;~1l1lf~~ 'l.fi~ <t>~t~ 9f~~ C<fi{ \5tt'f~ #ftOf?:il l!l<1i~ 9f~ I ~t~
and dreadfully exhausted, for there is always a block to bo
~9\~m<fi ~?:"f~ c"tt<lC<t>~'fill I t2t~~~ #fC5f~~t~ <t>~<ft~~f\5~i'if \!i~i1
dragged in this or that building, a block of ten cubHs by six;
there is always a block to be dragged in this or that month all <f\5~ ~~1{\5 ~t~ t'1.C~t<fi il1 c<t>i{c"tt~c't~ 9f~f~ l!l\5 f.!~/iS.Si ~t~ ~~~
far as the scaffolding poles to which is find the bunch of lotus c~ C"t1<lC<t>if'<l?:~ f<t~t~~~ ~tgq I \!it~ \5t?:~ <t>tt~ l2tt~m;~ \5tf'ijlf,
flowers on the completed homes. When the work is quite
~~f5~ #f?:5f ~~~t~OfQ \5tA'f l!lC\5t~\S .Cij~ ; f.l~<t> f~~ ~Q'[ C<!til~
finished, if he has bread he returns home, and his children have
been beaten unmercifully during his absense. ~~~ ~t\f"f I <!ill1' '1t~'ii m, <t>t"l~ C'IHil, 9ft~~ </lies, ~j}ji1f m~, ~t~l
The weaver within doors is worse off there than a woman; 'OI~~ ~ts~?:<t>~ If'ii; 1\5 if ~~?;O{t1;i ~~~ '1~'1, Oft~ ~t~t~
squatting, bis knees against his chest, he dose not breathe. If Of~<!J~Oftif<!t~t~ H~ 'l5{t<fttf~~ @~</l.! <1l-</l~ ~<f~ ~ ~~?;'11
during the day he slakens weaving he is bound fast on the lotuses
@~9ftlfi! 011~
C<f'l5l'C1{~ c"t<1 9f~ f~~ cS' 'C<t>Of! ; f1fi~~~ <ft'ii ~m
of the lake; and it is by giving bread to the door-keeper that the lat-
ter permits him to seo the light. The dyer, his fingers reeking- l!l~ 15~9ftlfi!r<1'~ <!R I!S/t'f"f <f'Cil ~?;il <fi~1 Cil~~ 't"f ~lh9ffllH!
and their smell is that of fish-spa.wn-his two eyes are oppressed @9ff.!mQ ~~-'I~'1 ~~<!i1f-\!l l!l~ Of'Cij~R9~. ~~ I <!WC~ ~G'f
with fatigue, his hand does not stop, and, as he spends his ~~-~ "t~ ~'ii }j<f'CDC~
S~Of #f~K<t> ~til~t~, \!it~ 'It'lnt <fitc~ 'l5{t~ <t>?:~
time by cutting rags, he has a hatrod C?f g~rments. The shoe·
~~ <fi'\?:'1il : ~'jfi~, c}j-~~~ ~m<t> @9fC'i"t WI I <f~'1 ~?;i'\01 : ~'jfi
maker is very unfortunate, he moans ceaselessly, his health is
t"he health of tho spawning fish, and he gnaws the leather. #f~~ l!l~1 '<I901i ~il'CWj~ ~'.ifi?:<t>
~Pi C<T~til'C~ 9\tQc<! l!lllil ~--M Cil~, ~fir

• ~9f~ <fi'Cli, ~~ <t>~~ ~'jfi'C<t> ~til?:\5 9ft~'C<i I. \!it<! l!l<fi~~~i '{'l~(!f

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"T~O(t'5t~ "~ti{~" If?:1f<ft ~C<! SQ~ 1li9f f"l?:~?:~; ~?fi(1 <t>if~~ C~ ~~ C~~ \5~ ~'It~ ~~'C1I ~~, <f~'1 ~t~ ~'1~ rom <!'C'1~-
C~'Ci'l'C<fi

f<lfi;1{ ~ #f~J'i5t~ C~#f~'C'1t~ <!'i5~ \51ft\5 ~<t> il1 C<t>i{C#f-#f<fc~~ <l'C\51'Ii ~ortf.! ~\5tR ~t~?:~, ~'i5Jtnr \ '!!ll~t'4,<Tn cfltt<f l!l~ 1\Of'3 f~R#f

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~9f~t~ ~n 4j~'l ~"l : R~to(~ 3f?li I f<t'~ <!~'1<!'1C'1o(: ~qC'li ~~fol, ~tC~i ~~'\9" ~~t97 ~?:~ '{3~'lt~ ~?:~ C~'li{ ~K'l ~9fjt~ ~~<!i\f7~~<ttlf""7~tQ(1
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I
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~t~~ ~~<t' it<f.t~ <f,~<t',~~~ 9f~",<'I'~jf ~Cl,9ft'fCil~ Iftfi\~ ~W! 'R?:ll I
<lt~i @50 ~~~ 4jt~<! ~t~i '{3~ qt~~t<t'~'f~ ~~~ ~jf' \5~9ftm~ 'ftll
c~t<f C<t'iI? ~Ht ~f'5f~~ D~<t' 'lt~'i 'ltC9f ~'lJt~ ~~J ~t~~c~~ '9j~Qj I
~"f"t ~'ll c~c<t' ~iff~~ ~<!n~ ~r.~H! ~tf<f~tj! I ~'"I<!'lt~9f ~tO\i\f,~~
f<!~~ ~?;~~ ~tili\f, ~tili\f~ 3l'5li I
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\5"tC'f~ ;sft<!~ 9{~ ~~<!t~ ~?:il ~t~'l'; ~t'lJtI~'l' C~i{t~' D~~ C9ft~~
~tili ~~~~ 'l'~'l' ~t~i\f~ 3l'ifi I r<f~~ ~Ri\f~ ~~ f<i'!f~~~ Dtf'1<lit~ ! , .
, \5"t~ "!t~.~ <t?:~?:~i{-The division of labour does not become an
actual division until the division of material and spiritual work
appears. From that moment consciousness may actually seem
to be something other then the consciousness of the real world and
of the activity within that world. As soon as consciousness'
begins actually to represent something, without that something
being a. real representation, we find it ready to free itself from
all connections and to become a cult of "pure theory", theology, • •
philosophy, morals, etc.
~<f~~ l!1 <li~t ~'l' C~ ~Oi~ C~'C '¥ "!t~ ~~~~i ~?:<li<ftt~
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~t~ ~f~, ~t~-R~~ f<ll)t~ <t>1!<f~ Sft1it~& C.,-:';I'l'if C\!i"fR~"9fg, f<li~
A SURVEY OF INDIAN HISTORY -By K. M. Panikkar., The National
~'l'tft~~~~t<tr:"t<f f<fi ~~~?~ &~. ~t<t~1 ~f1{jM 1''l' ?~1, . ~tm Information & Publications Ltd., Bombay. Rs. 718/-
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