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Soc Trang Festival, November 10, 2011

TI NGUYN GING LA MA A PHNG NG BNG SNG CU LONG: GI TR V TIM NNG PHT TRIN
PGS. TS. Nguyn Ngc Khoa Pht trin Nng Thn i hc Cn Th

Ni dung
M u Ti nguyn la ma a phng Phn b La ma trong c cu canh tc thch nghi trc 1985 Kt lun

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

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Di sn di truyn qu bu tch lu trong hng trm nm khai ph BSCL. Trong bi cnh kinh t hin ti, trc tnh hnh e do ca bin i kh hu, sn xut la vi nhiu kh khn tr ngi nh gi ti nguyn di truyn cy la s l bi hc kinh nghim qu bu cho vic khai thc hiu qu v nh hng pht trin ngnh sn xut la go cho 05/02/12 Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development 3 BSCL.

1. Ti nguyn ging la ma a phng BSCL


Bng 1. Phn b cc ging la theo vng v tp qun canh tc (HCT, 1985) Nhm la La ni La cy 2 ln La cy 1 ln Tng cng S ging 85 80 835 1000 a bn canh tc HG, AG, T, LA, KG HG, CL, T Khp cc tnh

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

Cy la n i vng ng p l u ngu n m c m m, pht tri n v v n di theo s gia tng c a m c n c l


Ma Mc nc

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Thng 7

V n ln theo n c l, cy la n i vo th i i m thu ho ch c chi u di 3-5 m

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

Cy la nc su sau khi cy ln 2 ra chi v vn cao t 1,4-1,6 m khi tr


Thu ho ch

La tr

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

R t may l cc gi ng n y c s u t p v b o t n t i Ngn hng gi ng c a Vi n Nghin C u Pht Tri n BSCL ph c v cng tc gi ng d y, nghin c u ch n t o v c i ti n nh m a tr l i cho s n Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development 05/02/12 xu t

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La cy 1 ln vng ven bin

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C y la
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Bng 2. Phn b cc ging la theo ngun gc su tp (HCT, 1985)


S ging Tnh Long An Tin Giang Bn Tre ng Thp Cu Long An Giang Hu Giang Kin Giang Minh Hi 05/02/12 Tng cng 116 113 68 43 143 51 211 131 11,6 11,3 6,8 4,3 14,3 5,1 21,1 13,1 T l (%) Sm 25 19 11 9 22 10 9 31 Tng s ging iu tra L 57 64 39 25 144 72 100 100 Mun 52 63 33 38 146 15 134 84 68 633 TC 134 146 83 72 312 97 243 215 223 13 1525

124Nguyen Ngoc De,12,4 of Rural Development 23 132 College 1000(139 np) 100 159 733

Bng 3. Phn b cc ging la theo thi gian thu hoch (HCT, 1985)

Nhm la La ma sm La ma l La ma mun Tng cng

Thng thu hoch S ging 10,11 12 1,2 124 373 503 1000

T l (%) 12,4 37,3 50,3 100

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

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La ma s m :

La ma l:

Tr thng 10 dl, Tr thng 11 dl, thu ho ch thng thu ho ch thng 11 dl 12 dl La ma mu n : Tr thng 12 dl, thu ho ch thng 1-2 dl
H u h t cc gi ng la c truy n a ph ng u c tnh quang cCh tr bng trong i u ki n ngy m ng n (sau ngy Thu phn 23/9 dl h ng nm) Nn c g i l la
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ma

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Bng 4. Tnh chng chu v phm cht ht (HCT, 1985)

Mt s ging tiu biu mc 1. Bnh chy l: 285 ging khng (Pyricularia oryzae) 2. Bnh m vn: 31 ging hi khng (Rhizoctonia solani) 3. Bnh chy ba l: 24 ging khng (Xan thomonas campestris pv. Oryzae) 4. Tim t sn: 119 ging nhim nh (Ditylenchus angustus) 5. Tnh chu mn 6. Tnh chu phn Battambang, La en, Mc ci, Mng chim ct, Nng kt, Trng ln Tre trng, Nng Keo vng, Nng ry , Np than, Np tr nho, Chng b... Nng tri, Ba tc, Nng gi, Nng cht , Thm rn, Mng chim vng Bn da, Bc Vit, G un chm, Cai ly, c rn, Nng ch, V phch. La mi (LA), Nng co (TG), Nng c (BT), Ba ng (CL), Tri my di (KG), Mng chim en (MH), c (TG), c La (TG). Cai ly (HG), Huyt trng (HG), Nng ch (HG), Trng Ha Bnh (HG), C ung s (TG), Nng co (TG), Gi i (LA), Trng Hng (T), Np v da (CL). Trng tp (HG), Nanh chn (CL), Tu bn (CL), Trng la (HG), Trng Ha Bnh (HG), Nng Loan (CL), Mt bi (MH), Nng thm (LA), Tu hng (CL), Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development 16

7. Tnh ngon cm 8. Tnh thm 05/02/12

2. Phn b v pht trin la ma a phng giai on 1976-1984

Ch tiu Din tch (1000ha) Nng sut (T/ha) Sn lng (1000T)

1976 % so vi 1980 % so vi 1984 % so vi c nm c nm c nm 1425 2,02 2880 69,4 62,5 1446 2,14 3100 61,8 58,2 1311 2,45 3213 58,9 46,6

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Nguyen Ngoc De, College of Rural Development

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Mt s ging la thch nghi tiu biu Vng sinh thi 1. Vng ven bin, t nhim mn-l 2. Vng l-ngt

- Rng: Mt bi, la Phi, Chm rut, Ba thit, Tt n, Ba bi - c bit: Nng co , Ba l (TG), Np , V phch (CL), Hai a, Tri my (KG), C La (KG), Nng trch (CL, BT).

- Rng: Trng ln, Trng Phc, Trng Chm, Trng tp, Nng keo, Trng la, Nng thm, Ti nguyn. - c bit: Tri bin (CL), np Gin bu (CL), Cht sm (HG), Lem ln (HG, CL), By nh (BT), Ty liu (CL)

3. Vng trng phn - Rng: ui tru, Huyt rng, Trng Ha bnh, Nng qut. - c bit: c phng, C ung (LA+TG), np V ga (HG). 4. Vng la ni

- Rng: Nng ty, Cht ct, Trng hng, Nng tri, Tu binh, L rng. - c bit: Ba bng (AG), Samo chm (LA), Nng m (T), Nng ln (KG), Song i (HG).

5. Vng kh hn Ba thit, Nng nhen, Nhiu l, So thum, Ci try, Np nng gi (la rung trn)
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3. La ma a phng trong c cu canh tc thch nghi trc 1985 Vng l:


La ni Mu ng xun/Xun h/HThu

Vng ngp su:


La C/Tm La H Thu La ma La H Thu La ma Mu ng Xun

Vng ven bin:


La ma sm Mu ng Xun 05/02/12 Mu H thu La maof Rural Development Nguyen Ngoc De, College
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Kt lun
Ging la i phng BSCL rt phong ph v a dng, l ngun vt liu di truyn qu gi:
Thch nghi c bit vi iu kin kh hn, ngp ng, phn mn, Chng chu su bnh hi, Phm cht c th c o.

Kinh nghim s dng t c o ca nng dn BSCL c tch ly


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Kt lun
Cn:
Bo tn, qun l tt Nghin cu, nh gi v khai thc s dng tt phc v sn xut, c bit l cng tc lai to, chn lc, ci tin nh gi v hc tp kinh nghim s dng t, thch nghi vi mi trng

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Kt lun
:
Bo m an ninh lng thc, ng ph vi bin i kh hu Pht trin ngnh sn xut la c hiu qu v bn vng BSCL

Cn trn trng v quan tm ng mc cc gi tr hin c i vi ngun ti nguyn di truyn v cc kinh nghim s dng t ca nng dn xa v nay.
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Chn thnh cm n

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