Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T h e w o r d t hi rd d e sc e n d s f r o m t h e I n d o E u r o p e a n ( I E ) r o o t t r ei w h i c h me a n s t h r e e . 1 I t s p a r o n ym s i n c l u d e t h re e,
t h ri c e, t h i rt e en , t hi rt y, t ri n it y, t re y, t ra m m e l , t e rce l ( a m a l e h a w k u s e d i n
f a l c o n r y ) , t rib e, t rio , t rip l e, t ri m ,
t e s ta m e nt , t e st i c l e, t e s t, te s ti f y, t e ap oy, s i t a r , a n d ri di n g ( a n a d m i n i s t r a t i v e or e l e c t o r a l d i v i s i on i n C a n a d a ) . 2
T h e w o r d w i ng d e sc e n d s f r o m t h e I E ro o t w e- w h i c h m e a n s t o b l o w. 3 P a r o n y m s o f t he f or m e r i n c l u d e ni rvan a , ve n t , ven t i la t e, wi n d, wea t h e r, a n d wi n do w. T h e w o r d l e ft a s t he o p p o s i t e o f ri g h t a p p e a r s t o h a v e e n t e r e d t h e E n g l i s h la n g u a g e i n t h e 1 2 t h ce n t u r y a s a K e n t i s h f o r m o f t h e O l d E n g l i s h
l yf t w h i c h m e a n s w e a k , f o o l i s h a n d l yf t - a dl w h i c h m e a n s la m e n e s s,
p a r a l y s i s . I t i s a l so r e l a t e d t o t he E a s t F r i s i a n l u f a n d t h e D u t c h l o o f m e a n i n g w o r t h le ss , w e a k. 4 T h e w o r d s i de d e s ce n d s f r o m t h e IE ro o t s e -2 w hi c h m e a n s l on g , la t e a n d f r o m w h i c h a l so d e s c e n d se ro t in ou s ( l a t e i n d e v e l op i n g o r b l o o m i n g) , s o i ree ( a s m a l l p a r t y h e l d i n t he e v e n i n g) , s in c e , a n d s yne ( b e f o re n o w ; a g o) . 5 T h e w o r d b ut t er d e s c e n d s f r o m t he I E r o o t t eu e- 2 , t o s we l l . 6 P a r o n y m s i n c l u d e th i gh , t h u mb , t h o l e ( a w o o d e n p e g s e t i n p a i r s i n t he g u n w a l e s o f a b o a t t o s e r v e a s a n o a r lo c k ) , t yl o s i s ( i n f l a m m a t i o n o f t h e e y e l i d s ) , t u m e s ce nt , t u mi d, t u m o r, t ru f f l e , t ub e r, b u tt e r, t yro s in e,
o b t u ra te (t o c l o se , o b s t ru c t) , q u a rk ( a s o f t c r e a m y a c i d - cu r e d c h e e s e o f
1 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 93 2 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/riding_2 3 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 95 4 http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=left 5 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 73 6 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 92 Starling Hunter 2011 1
c e n t r a l E u r o p e m a d e f r o m w h o l e m i lk ) , s o ma ( t h e b o d y o f a n i n d i v i d u a l a s o p p o se d t o t he m i n d o r p s y c he ) , cre o s o t e , a n d l i ni m en t . T h e w o r d f l y de s c e n d s f r o m t h e r o o t p l eu w hi c h m e a n s t o f l o w . 7 O t h e r d e s c e n d a n t s o f t h i s r o o t i n c l u d e p l o ve r ( a w a d i n g b i r d ) , P l u t o,
f l o w, f l u e , f l o o d, f le dgl i n g, f l e y, f l et c he r, f l i gh t, f o wl , f l e et , f l o at , f l o t s a m, f l o t i l l a , f l u t te r, f li t , a n d f l u st e r .
TH EMES : T he r e i s a t h e me o f P H YS ICAL I NFI RM ITI ES c on t r a s t e d w i t h t h e s t re n g t h o f t h e m i n d a n d sp i r i t . Co n c e r n i n g t h e f o r me r w e h a v e t h e k e y w o r d l e ft w h o s e r o o t s m e a n w e a k , w o r t h l e ss , l a m e , a n d paralyzed. t h e r o o t t e ue - 2 m e a n s t o s w e l l a n d i t s d e r i v a t i v e s i n c lu d e t yl o s i s ( i n f la m m a t i o n o f t h e e y e l i d s) , t u m o r, o b t u ra t e ( t o c l os e , o b st r u c t ) , l i n i m en t ( a l i q ui d r u b b e d o n t h e s k i n t o r e d u c e p a i n ) , s o m a ( t he b o d y ) a n d t yro s i ne , a n o n -e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d w h o s e d e f i c i e n c y l e a d s t o a l b i n i s m, h y p o t h y r o i d i s m, g o i t e r , r e t a r d a t i o n o f t h e c e n t r a l n e r v o u s s ys t e m, s e v e re g r o w t h f a i l u r e , l o w b l oo d p r e s s u re a n d b o d y t e mp e r a t u r e , a n d r e st l e ss le g s y n d r o m e . 8 t h e r o o t s e- 2 w hi c h m e a n s l o n g, l a t e a n d w h o s e d e r i v a t i v e s e ro t in o u s m e a n s l a t e i n d e v e l op i n g o r b l o o m i n g.
7 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 68 8 http://www.healthvitaminsguide.com/aminoacids/tyrosine.htm 9 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/testament 10 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/will Starling Hunter 2011 2
A m o n g t h e p a r o n ym s o f w i ng i s n i rvan a w h i c h i n B u d d h i s m m e a n s f r e e d o m f r o m t he e n d l e s s c y c l e of p e r s on a l r e i n c a rn a t i on s, w i t h t h e i r c on s e q u e n t s u f f e r i n g , a s a r e s u l t o f t he e xt i n ct i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l p a s si o n , h a t r e d, a n d d e l u s i o n a n d m o r e g e n e r a l l y, a p l a ce o r st a t e c h a r a c t e ri z e d b y f r e e d o m f r o m o r o b l i v i o n t o p a i n , w o r r y , a n d t he e x t e rn a l w o r l d . 11