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Citing References in APA Style
EDUC301Applications for TeachingFall 2008
Instructor:
C.
M.
Sturgeon
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Table
of
Contents
APA
Background
............................................................................................................................................
2
Title
Page
and
Document
Guidelines
............................................................................................................
2
General
Document
Guidelines
...................................................................................................................
2
Title
Page
..................................................................................................................................................
3
Abstract:
....................................................................................................................................................
3
Body
..........................................................................................................................................................
4
Characteristics
of
APA
Citation
Style
............................................................................................................
4
References
List
..........................................................................................................................................
4
In
‐
Text
References
.....................................................................................................................................
6
Citation
Elements
......................................................................................................................................
6
Citation
Elements
Checklist:
Record
all
that
apply
....................................................................................
7
APA
Background
The editorial rules for formatting manuscripts and citing resources known as “APA Style”are found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The first rules developed for APA were in the 1920s and were a total of only seven pages. However,that has changed over time and we are now on the fifth edition of APA which was publishedin 2001 and it is 439 pages in length.APA style is the accepted stander for most academic social sciences departments andpublications for many, if not most, education journals and academic education departments.
Title
Page
and
Document
Guidelines
General
Document
Guidelines
A.
Margins
:
One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right)B.
Font
Size
and
Type
:
12‐pt. font (Times Roman or Courier are acceptabletypefaces)C.
Spacing
:
Double‐space throughout the paper, including the title page,abstract, body of the document, references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, andfigure captions.D.
Alignment
:
Flush left (creating uneven right margin)E.
Paragraph
Indentation
:
5‐7 spacesF.
Pagination
:
The page number appears one inch from the right edge of thepaper on the first line of every page (except
Figures
), beginning with the titlepage.
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G.
Manuscript
Page
Header
:
The first two or three words of the paper titleappear five spaces to the left of the page number on every page (except
Figures
), beginning with the title page. Manuscript page headers are used toidentify manuscript pages during the editorial process. Using most wordprocessors, the manuscript page header and page number can be insertedinto a header, which then automatically appears on all pages.H.
Active
voice
:
As a general rule, use the active voice rather than the passivevoice. For example, use "We predicted that ..." rather than "It was predictedthat ..."I.
Order
of
Pages
:
Title
Page
,
Abstract
,
Body
,
References
,
Appendixes
,
Footnotes
,
Tables
,
Figure
Captions
,
Figures
Title
Page
J.
Pagination
:
The Title Page is page 1.K.
Key
Elements
:
Paper title, author(s), author affiliation(s), and runninghead.L.
Paper
Title
:
Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the page.M.
Author
(s):
Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the line followingthe title.N.
Institutional
affiliation
:
Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on theline following the author(s).O.
Running
head
:
The running head is typed flush left (all uppercase) followingthe words "Running head:" on the line below the manuscript page header. It should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing. Therunning head is a short title that appears at the top of pages of publishedarticles.P.
Example
of
APA
-
formatted
Title
Page
:
http://www.vanguard.edu/psychology/titlepage.pdf
II.
Abstract:
The abstract is a one‐paragraph, self‐contained summary of the most important elements of the paper.A.
Pagination
:
The abstract begins on a new page (page 2).B.
Heading
:
Abstract (centered on the first line below the manuscript pageheader)C.
Format
:
The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following theAbstract heading. The abstract should not exceed 120 words. All numbers inthe abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digitsrather than words.D.
Example
of
APA
-
formatted
Abstract
:
http://www.vanguard.edu/psychology/abstract.pdf
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