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NATO Logistics Handbook

INTRODUCTION
According to an old military adage Amateurs talk about strategy, generals talk about logistics. - George J. Church, 1990 Ths Handbook, publshed under the auspces of the Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC), s ntended as a smple gude to logstcs n NATO. It does not attempt to examne current ssues or provde answers to the problems that logstcans wll face, but t rather ams at ntroducng them to some of the basc prncples, polces, concepts and organsatons wth whch they wll work. Ths s the first update of the Handbook snce 1997. Snce then, NATO and the securty envronment n whch t must operate have undergone profound changes. The logstc support concepts that are requred to ensure the deployablty and sustanablty of NATO forces have changed as well, bearng lttle semblance to those extant n 1997. These new concepts have been reflected n ths new edton. The Allance s an organsaton that contnues to evolve to meet emergng securty challenges and NATO logstc polces and concepts wll need keep pace. Therefore, the contnung usefulness of the Handbook wll depend on the regularty of ts updatng, whch wll be an ongong process. If any reader has suggestons for ts mprovement or amendment, he s asked to forward them to the SNLC Secretarat. The NATO Logstcs Handbook s not a formally agreed document, and should not be quoted as a reference. It does not necessarly represent the offical opnon or poston of NATO, the natons, commands or agences on all the polcy ssues dscussed. SNLC Secretarat Internatonal Staff, Defence Polcy and Plannng Dvson, Logstcs NATO HQ, 1110 Brussels



TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATO LOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Producton Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 In-Servce Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Consumer Logstcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Co-operatve Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Multnatonal Logstcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 LOGISTIC FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Materel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Servces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Logstc Informaton Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Equpment Mantenance and Repar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Movement and Transportaton (M&T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement (RSOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Petroleum Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Explosve Ordnance Dsposal (EOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Infrastructure Engneerng for Logstcs (IEL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Medcal Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Contractng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Host Naton Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 RELATED FUNCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton (CIMIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 NATO Standardsaton and Interoperablty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Envronmental Protecton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A Classes of Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B Acronyms Used n ths Chapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CHAPTER 2

NATO ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 NATOS Poltcal Goals and Basc Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Decson Makng n NATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 NATO POLITICAL/MILITARY STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The North Atlantc Councl (NAC or Councl). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Defence Plannng Commttee (DPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Mltary Commttee (MC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Euro-Atlantc Partnershp Councl (EAPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The NATO-Russa Councl (NRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The NATO-Ukrane Commsson (NUC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 T he Medterranean Dalogue (MD) and the Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve (ICI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 THE NATO HEADQUARTERS STAFF STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Secretary General (SG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Internatonal Staff (IS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Internatonal Mltary Staff (IMS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 NATOS INTEGRATED MILITARY COMMAND STRUCTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The New NATO Command Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 NATO LOGISTIC COMMITTEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Logstc Staff Meetng (LSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Movement and Transportaton Group (M&TG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Standng Group of Partner Logstc Experts (SG PLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Logstc Informaton Management Group (LOG IMG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 NATO Ppelne Commttee (NPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 C ommttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO (COMEDS) 23 NATO-Russa Ad Hoc Workng Group on Logstcs (NRC(LOG)). . . . . . . . . 24 OTHER NATO LOGISTIC BODIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton (NAMSO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Central European Ppelne Management Organsaton (CEPMO) . . . . . . . . 25 B-SC Logstc Co-ordnaton Board (B-SC LCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 B-SC Movement and Transportaton Forum (B-SC M&T Forum) . . . . . . . 26 B-SC Medcal Advsory Group (B-SC MEDAG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

II

CHAPTER 3

T HE ALLIANCES NEW STRATEGIC CONCEPT AND FORCE STRUCTURES

THE ALLIANCES STRATEGIC CONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 NATO MILITARY STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The NATO Command Structure (NCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The NATO Force Structure (NFS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Graduated Readness Forces (GRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Combned Jont Task Force (CJTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 NATO Response Force (NRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPLOYABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . 36 Defence Capabltes Intatve (DCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Prague Capabltes Commtment (PCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

CHAPTER 4

D ETERMINATION OF LOGISTIC REQUIREMENTS AND LOGISTIC PLANNING

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 DEFENCE PLANNING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 NATO LOGISTICS VISION AND OBJECTIVES (V&O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Introducton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 The NATO Logstcs V&O Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 V&O Reportng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 FORCE PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Combat Support/Combat Servce Support (CS/CSS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 MANAGEMENT OF LOGISTIC INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 R egulatory Framework for a Logstcs Informaton System Archtecture (LOGIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Logstcs Informaton Management Group (LOG IMG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 L ogstc Functonal Servces (LOGFS) Informaton Management Workng Group (LOGFS IM WG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 LOGISTIC READINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Logstc Readness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Logstc Sustanablty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 NATO STOCKPILE PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Stockple Requrements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
III

NATO Stockple Plannng Gudance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

NATO MILITARY COMMON FUNDED RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Introducton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Senor Resource Board (SRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Infrastructure Commttee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Mltary Budget Commttee (MBC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 NATO Defence Manpower Commttee (NDMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The Medum-Term Resource Plan (MTRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Capablty Packages (CPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 CP Definton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 CP Development and Submsson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CP Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CP Implementaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 NATO Securty Investment Programme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 The Mltary Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 STANDARDISATION AND INTEROPERABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Introducton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Definton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Am. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Prncples of NATO Standardsaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The NATO Standardsaton Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 NATO Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 NATO Standardsaton Organsaton (NSO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Servce Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

CHAPTER 5

OPERATIONAL LOGISTIC PLANNING

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 KEY PLANNING DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 LOGISTICS SUPPORT GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 LOGISTIC PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Multnatonal Logstcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre (MJLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Movement Plannng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Medcal Plannng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Supply and Mantenance Plannng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Role of Host Natonal Support (HNS) n Logstc Support Plannng . . . . . . 69 Infrastructure Plannng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
IV

Contractng and Fundng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Partcpaton of Non-NATO Natons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Concludng the Operaton/Exercses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Co-ordnaton wth NSEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 C o-ordnaton wth Internatonal Organsatons (IOs) and Non Governmental Organsatons (NGOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Phases of the Operaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement (RSOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

FORCE GENERATION PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Combned Jont Statement Of Requrements (CJSOR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Crss Establshment (CE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 LOGISTIC REPORT (LOGREP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 CIVIL SUPPORT TO THE MILITARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Examples of Potental PB&C Support to Mltary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 B Jont Staff Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

CHAPTER 6

NATO LOGISTIC POLICIES AND CONCEPTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 HIERARCHY OF LOGISTIC POLICIES AND DOCTRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 NATO Logstc Polcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 NATO Doctrne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Alled Jont Logstc Doctrne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Alled Logstc Publcatons (ALP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Logstc Tactcs, Technques and Procedures (TTPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATO Logstcs Plannng Gudance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATO POLICY FOR CO-OPERATION IN LOGISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATO Concept for Co-operaton n Logstcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATO PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES FOR LOGISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 LOGISTIC PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Collectve Responsblty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Authorty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Prmacy of Operatonal Requrements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Co operaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Co ordnaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Assured Provson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Sufficency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
V

Efficency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Flexblty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Vsblty and Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

LOGISTIC POLICIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Responsblty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Authorty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Logstc Plannng n Defence Plannng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Logstc Plannng n Operatonal Plannng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Logstc Command and Control (C2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Logstc Readness and Sustanablty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Co operaton n Logstcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Redstrbuton of Logstc Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Multnatonal Logstcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fundng / Resources Provson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Cvl Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Lfe Cycle Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

CHAPTER 7

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS

NATOS LOGISTIC SUPPORT CONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 SUPPORT FOR THE NATO RESPONSE FORCE (NRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 MC 525 Logstc Support Concept for NRF Operatons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 MC 551 Medcal Support Concept for NRF Operatons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 THE MULTINATIONAL JOINT LOGISTIC CENTRE CONCEPT: AJP-4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 MODES OF MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS: AJP-4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Lead Naton Logstc Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Role Specalst Naton Logstc Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Multnatonal Support Arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Commonly Funded Logstc Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Multnatonal Integrated Logstc Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Arcraft Cross-Servcng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Local Contractng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 CONTRACTOR SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Advantages of Contractor Support to Operatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Plannng for Contractor Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
VI

Forms of Planned Contractng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fundng Contractor Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Responsblty for Plannng Contractor Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Authorty over Contracted Capabltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Functons That Could Be Performed By Contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Status and Use of Contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Multnatonal Co operaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Operatonal Plannng Consderaton for Contractor Support . . . . . . . . . . 105 Integraton of Contractor Capabltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Contract Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

COMPONENT SUPPORT CONCEPTS (ALP-4.1, 4.2, 4.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Martme Support Concept: ALP-4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Land Forces Support Concept: ALP-4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Ar Forces Support Concept: ALP-4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 LOGISTIC SUPPORTTO CRISIS RESPONSE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

CHAPTER 8

HOST NATION SUPPORT (HNS)

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 NATO CONCEPT FOR HNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 LEGAL ASPECTS OF HNS ARRANGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 HNS PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 HNS PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 HNS POLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Polces Specfic to the NATO Commander. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Polces Specfic to the Sendng Naton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Polces Specfic to the Host Naton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 CAPABILITY DATABASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 LOCAL CONTRACTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 CIVIL-MILITARY CO-OPERATION (CIMIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
VII

CHAPTER 9

MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION POLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 General Polces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 M&T Plannng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Polcy on Cvl Support to the Mltary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Polcy on Mltary Support to Cvl Operatons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Polcy on Resource Acquston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Polcy on Command, Control and Communcatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 M&T TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 NATO Headquarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Strategc Commands (SCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 The Natons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

CHAPTER 10

PETROLEUM SUPPORT

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 CIVIL PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 BULK DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE OF FUELS IN THE NPS . . . . . . . . . 140 EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 AIR BASE, NAVAL BASE AND UNIT SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 MILITARY FUELS AND THE SINGLE FUEL POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Sngle Fuel Polcy (SFP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 DEPLOYABLE FUELS HANDING EQUIPMENT (DFHE) THE MODULAR CONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 PETROLEUM PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 STANDARDIZATION, INTERCHANGEABILITY, INTEROPERABILITY AND RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 A ude to the NATO bodes concerned wth the NPS and other petroleum G
VIII

bodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 B Ade Memore on Fuels n NATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 C Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

CHAPTER 11

MEDICAL SUPPORT

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 MISSION OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 STANDARDS OF HEALTHCARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Complance wth the Laws of War and Humantaran Conventons . . . . . 151 Medcal Ethcs and Legal Constrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Standards of Care Provded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Prmacy of Clncal Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Spectrum of Medcal Responsbltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Treatment Phlosophy for Mass Casualty Stuatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Ftness for Evacuaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Medcal Confidentalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Patent Welfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Responsblty for the Health of NATO Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 NATO Commanders Medcal Authorty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Prncpal Components of Deployed Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Ftness and Health Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Treatment Tmelnes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Contnuty of Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Envronment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Force Health Protecton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Plannng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 R eadness of the Medcal Support System and Transton from Peace to . . . Crss or Conflct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Moblty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 NATO and Natonal Co-operaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Multnatonalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Roles of Care Capabltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Evacuaton Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Natonal Medcal Lason Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Provson of Non-emergency Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 MEDICAL LOGISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 MILITARY MEDICAL SUPPORT RESPONSES TO DISASTER RELIEF AND CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT SITUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 THE COMMITTEE OF CHIEFS OF MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICES IN NATO
IX

(COMEDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 THE JOINT MEDICAL COMMITTEE (JMC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

CHAPTER 12

LOGISTIC OUTREACH ACTIVITIES

PARTNERSHIPS WITH NATO HQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Standng Group for Partner Logstc Experts (SG PLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Standng Group for Partner Medcal Experts (SG PME) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Poltcal Mltary Steerng Commttee (PMSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Partnershp Co ordnaton Cell (PCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 The Partnershp for Peace Plannng and Revew Process (PARP) . . . . . . 165 Euro-Atlantc Partnershp Work Programme (EAPWP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 PfP Trust Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Operatonal Capabltes Concept (OCC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 NATO-RUSSIA LOGISTIC CO OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 NATO-UKRAINE LOGISTIC CO OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE (MD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Medterranean Co operaton Group (MCG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Medterranean Co operaton Workng Plan (MDWP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 ISTANBUL CO OPERATION INITIATIVE (ICI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Istanbul Co operaton Intatve Group (ICIG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 A Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

CHAPTER 13

PRODUCTION LOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 METHODS FOR ARMAMENTS CO-OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Agreements on Producton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Agreements on Standardsaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 CONFERENCE OF NATIONAL ARMAMENTS DIRECTORS (CNAD) AC/259 CNAD Sub structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 OTHER NATO COMMITTEES AND BODIES INVOLVED IN ARMAMENTS CO OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 NATO Ar Defence Commttee (NADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 NATO Project Steerng Commttee (NPSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Research and Technology Organsaton (RTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 NATO Consultaton, Command and Control Organsaton (NC3O) . . . . . . 176 PROCEDURES FOR ARMAMENTS CO-OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 A rmaments Programmng: Phased Armaments Programmng System (PAPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Indvdual Partnershp Programmes (IPAPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Proposal to Launch CNAD Partnershp Armaments Projects . . . . . . . . 178 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 A NATO Project Steerng Commttees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 B Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

CHAPTER 14

IN-SERVICE LOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Integrated Logstcs Support (ILS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Logstc Support Analyss (LSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Lfe Cycle Costng (LCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 NATO PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS ORGANIZATIONS (NPLO) . . . . . . . 186 NATO MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY ORGANIZATION (NAMSO) . . . . . . . . 187 NAMSA SPECIFIC CO-OPERATIVE LOGISTIC PROJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATO Logstcs Stock Exchange (NLSE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATO Depot & Support System (NDSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATO Ammunton Databse (NADB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATO PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEES (NPSCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
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CO-OPERATIVE LOGISTIC TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 NATO Codficaton System (NCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A NATO Producton Logstc Related Organsatons (NPLOs) . . . . . . . . . . . 190 B Acronyms used n ths chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 ACRONYMS USED IN THIS HANDBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

XII

CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATO LOGISTICS

FUNDAMENTALS OF NATO LOGISTICS I dont know what the hell this logistics is but I want some of it! - Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, 1942 INTRODUCTION Durng the Cold War, NATO followed the prncple that logstcs was a natonal responsblty. Accordngly, ts only focus at that tme was the establshment of and complance wth overall logstcs requrements. Ths prncple governed NATOs plans and actons untl the begnnng of the 1990s, when t was understood and accepted that the strategc stuaton that had underpnned ths prncple had undergone a fundamental change. As early as n January 1996, NATO logstcans recognsed the new challenges facng the Allance. In partcular, the downszng of mltary resources underscored the necessty of ncreased co-operaton and multnatonalty n logstc support. These new challenges requred the Allance to be able to logstcally sustan and operate n non-artcle 5 / Crss Response Operatons (CRO), possbly at a far dstance from the supportng natonal logstc and ndustral bases and on non NATO sol, where a supportve or functonng host naton was not exstent. All of ths needed to be performed under the legal condtons of peace, wth no access to moblsaton and/or emergency legslaton. Addtonally, there was the need to ntegrate non-NATO mltary forces and ther logstc support. The Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC), as the Allances senor body on logstcs, then undertook to translate the Allances New Strategc Concept nto responsve, flexble and nteroperable logstc prncples and polces. In ths regard, t first developed a vson for NATO logstcs amed at addressng the challenge of developng collectve responsblty n logstcs between NATO and the natons. Such collectve responsblty s attaned through close co-ordnaton and co operaton between natonal and NATO authortes durng both plannng and executon, and ncludes greater consderaton of the efficent use of cvl resources. As a result of ther experences n NATO led operatons, natons have ganed an apprecaton of the value of a collectve approach to logstc support and have lent ther ardent support to the mplementaton of ths vson. Whle NATO s responsble for co-ordnatng and prortsng the provson of logstc support to deployed NATO forces, each naton s responsble for ensurng, ether ndvdually or through co-operatve arrangements, the provson of the logstc resources requred to support ts own forces. Co-ordnated logstc plannng s therefore an essental aspect of the efficent and economcal use of resources throughout ther lfe cycle, from ntal desgn to ther ultmate dsposal.

CHAPTER 1

DEFINITIONS Vewed from the lfe cycle perspectve, logstcs s the brdge between the deployed forces and the ndustral base that produces the weapons and materel that the forces need to accomplsh ther msson. NATO therefore defines logstcs as: Logistics: The scence of plannng and carryng out the movement and mantenance of forces. In ts most comprehensve sense, the aspects of mltary operatons whch deal wth: - esgn and development, acquston, storage, transport, dstrbuton, d mantenance, evacuaton and dsposal of materel1; - transport of personnel; - cquston or constructon, mantenance, operaton and dsposton of a facltes; - acquston or furnshng of servces; and - medcal and health servce support.

Ths definton covers a wde range of responsbltes that nclude a number of dfferent domans of work wthn NATO. If one consders that logstcs comprses both the buldng up of stocks and capabltes and the sustanment of weapons and forces, then t s clear that a dstncton can be made between three mportant aspects of logstcs, spannng the lfe cycle of logstc resources: producton, n servce support and consumpton. The followng defintons of these aspects enjoy wdespread acceptance wthn the NATO logstcs communty: Production Logistics (also known as: acquisition logistics): that part of logstcs concernng research, desgn, development, manufacture and acceptance of materel. In consequence, producton logstcs ncludes: standardsaton and nteroperablty, contractng, qualty assurance, procurement of spares, relablty and defence analyss, safety standards for equpment, specficatons and producton processes, trals and testng (ncludng provson of necessary facltes), codficaton, equpment documentaton, configuraton control and modficatons. At NATO Headquarters the lead authortes are the Internatonal Staff (IS) Defence Investment Dvson (DI) and the Armaments Branch of the Logstcs and Resources Dvson (L&R) n the Internatonal Mltary Staff (IMS). The Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors (CNAD) s the senor NATO commttee that s prncpally responsble for the co-ordnaton of ths aspect of logstcs. In-Service Logistics: that part of logstcs that brdges producton and consumer logstcs and comprses those functons assocated wth procurng, recevng, storng, dstrbutng and dsposng of materel that s requred to mantan the equpment and supply the force. The NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton (NAMSO) s the prncpal NATO organsaton responsble for ths area.
Materiel: equipment in its widest sense including vehicles, weapons, ammunition, fuel, etc.

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Consumer Logistics (also known as: operational logistics): that part of logstcs concernng recepton of the ntal product, storage, transport, mantenance (ncludng repar and servceablty), operaton and dsposal of materel. In consequence, consumer logstcs ncludes stock control, provson or constructon of facltes (excludng any materal element and those facltes needed to support producton logstc facltes), movement control, relablty and defect reportng, safety standards for storage, transport and handlng and related tranng. At NATO Headquarters, the lead authortes are the Logstcs Secton n the IS Defence Polcy and Plannng Dvson (DPP) and the Logstcs Branch n the IMS, L&R Dvson. The SNLC s the senor NATO commttee that s prmarly responsble for consumer logstcs. T he three lfe cycle domans and ther lead bodes are portrayed at rght. Whereas the three domans have to do wth the relatonshp between the producer and the consumer, there are two addtonal aspects that have to do wth the way n whch logstcs functons are performed. Co-operative ogistics: there s no NATO definton yet, but co-operatve L logstcs could be descrbed as follows: NATO Co-operatve Logstcs s the totalty of blateral and multlateral consumer and producton logstcs arrangements to optmse n a co ordnated and ratonalsed way, logstcs support to NATO forces. C o-operaton wthn logstcs should be conducted wthn a comprehensve framework, based on agreed prncples and mplemented n accordance wth a set of basc gudelnes. Its am s to acheve cost-savngs through economes of scale, harmonsed lfe cycle processes and ncreased efficency n peacetme, crss and wartme logstcs support. Development of NATO Co operatve Logstcs arrangements s largely facltated by the use of NATO Producton and Logstcs Organsatons (NPLOs), partcularly the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) usng modern technques n the field of materel management and procurement. Multinational Logistics: for multnatonal operatons, logstcs must functon as an effectve force multpler. Wth the rsk now omndrectonal, the dmnshng logstc support resources and the prncple of shared logstc responsbltes, the use of multnatonal logstcs as a tool to enhance efficency and effectveness becomes of utmost mportance. Although there s not yet any agreed NATO definton of Multnatonal Logstcs, ths functon can be meant as the provson of logstc support to operatons through multnatonal means, such as lead naton, role specalsaton and multnatonal ntegrated logstc support.
5

LOGISTIC FUNCTIONS It s mportant to recognse that the varous logstc functons come together to form the totalty of logstcs support. A NATO logstcan of one dscplne wll often work wth a staff officer of another dscplne and, as a very mnmum, wll have to apprecate the others responsbltes and problems. For example, logstc plannng orgnates n natonal or NATO polcy gudance and has to be co-ordnated wth all the staff branches concerned, whether they be operatonal, admnstratve or logstc, mltary or cvl. A bref examnaton of the man functons of logstcs shows ths clearly. Supply Supply covers all materel and tems used n the equpment, support and mantenance of mltary forces (classes of supply are lsted at Annex A). The supply functon ncludes the determnaton of stock levels, provsonng, dstrbuton and replenshment. Materiel Producton or acquston logstcs covers materel, from the first phase of the lfe cycle to ts final dsposal from the nventory. The first part of the cycle, from specficaton, desgn and producton s clearly a functon of producton logstcs. Recepton of the equpment nto servce, ts dstrbuton and storage, repar, mantenance and dsposal are clearly a consumer logstc task. However, the ntal desgn of the equpment, whch s part of producton logstcs, has to take account of the consumer aspects of repar and mantenance, and therefore nvolves both dscplnes. Services The provson of manpower and sklls n support of combat troops or logstc actvtes ncludes a wde range of servces such as combat re-supply, map dstrbuton, labour resources, postal and courer servces, canteen, laundry and bathng facltes, burals, etc. These servces may be provded ether to ones own natonal forces or to those of another naton and ther effectveness depends on close co operaton between operatonal, logstc and cvl plannng staffs. Logistic Information Management Logstc Informaton Management couples avalable nformaton technology wth logstc processes and practces to meet the NATO Commanders and natons logstc nformaton requrements. NATO and natons have numerous users requrng executve, manageral and operatonal logstc nformaton. To be effectve, logstc nformaton systems must facltate the delvery of the rght nformaton to the rght people at the rght tme wth the rght nformaton securty protecton. They should cover all logstc functons and nterface between these functons and other functonal areas as requred. NATO logstc systems need to be nteroperable wth both exstng and emergng natonal and NATO systems. Interfaces wth ndustral systems should also be consdered where practcal and cost effectve.
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Equipment Maintenance and Repair Mantenance means all actons, ncludng repar, to retan the materel n or restore t to a specfied condton. The operatonal effectveness of land, naval and ar forces wll depend to a great extent on a hgh standard of preventve mantenance, n peacetme, of the equpment and assocated materel. Repar ncludes all measures taken to restore materel to a servceable condton n the shortest possble tme. Battle Damage Repar (BDR) s an mportant technque used to mprove materel avalablty durng operatons. It s desgned to restore damaged materel to a battle worthy condton, rrespectve of the cause of the falure, as quckly as possble so that t can complete ts msson. Damage assessment has to be done rapdly and must not always requre the use of automated test equpment or sophstcated tools. The consderatons are prmarly amed at lmtng the damage, determnng the cause of the damage, establshng a plan for damage repar, and mnmsng the rsk to equpment and operators. Once the operatonal msson has been accomplshed, BDR must be followed by specalsed mantenance or repar to restore the equpment to fully servceable condton. Movement and Transportation (M&T) It s a requrement that a flexble capablty exsts to move forces n a tmely manner wthn and between theatres to undertake the full spectrum of the Allances roles and mssons. It also apples to the logstc support necessary to mount and sustan operatons. Reception, Staging and Onward Movement (RSOM) RSOM s the phase of the deployment process that transtons unts, personnel, equpment and materel from arrval at Ports of Debarkaton (PODs) to ther final destnaton. Although RSOM s an operatonal matter, t requres the provson of a sgnficant degree of logstc support. RSOM plannng and executon requres therefore consderable ntegraton wth logstc support, M&T, and Host Naton Support (HNS) plannng. Petroleum Logistics The NATO Petroleum Supply Chan has to be able to respond to the full spectrum of the Allances operatonal requrements and to the deployment dstances and dspersons envsaged, takng specfically nto account ncreased co operaton between NATO and Partner natons and ther respectve mltary and cvl authortes. Fnancal consderatons, economes of scale and the need for enhanced nteroperablty make t necessary to contnuously seek new and nnovatve ways of delverng the fuels capablty. Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) EOD nvolves the nvestgaton, detecton, locaton, markng, ntal dentficaton and reportng of suspected unexploded ordnance, followed by the on ste evaluaton, renderng safe, recovery and final dsposal of unexploded explosve ordnance. It may also nclude explosve ordnance that has become
7

hazardous by damage or deteroraton. The NATO EOD Techncal Informaton Centre (EODTIC) holds records of all past and present ammunton and explosves, and provdes an mmedate advsory servce on EOD problems. Infrastructure Engineering for Logistics (IEL) Infrastructure Engneerng for Logstcs, whle not exclusvely a logstc functon, wll requre close co-ordnaton wth logstcs as ts msson s very closely algned wth logstcs n terms of facltatng the logstc msson of openng lnes of communcaton and constructng support facltes. The engneerng msson brdges the gap from logstcs to operatons and s closely related to the ultmate success of both. The acquston, constructon and operaton of facltes form the bass for the NATO Securty Investment Programme (NSIP). Ths s the term generally used n NATO for nstallatons and facltes for the support of mltary forces. Medical Support Ths functon entals the provson of an efficent medcal support system to treat and evacuate sck, njured and wounded personnel, mnmse man days lost due to njury and llness, and return casualtes to duty. An effectve medcal support system s thus consdered a morale booster and a potental force multpler. Though medcal support s normally a natonal responsblty, plannng must be flexble and consder co-ordnated multnatonal approaches to medcal support. The degree of multnatonalty wll vary dependng on the crcumstances of the msson, and be dependent upon the wllngness of natons to partcpate n any aspect of ntegrated medcal support. Medcal care also plays a vtal role n Force Protecton. Contracting Contractng has become ncreasngly mportant to the conduct of operatons, partcularly when operatng beyond NATOs area of responsblty. It s a sgnficant tool that may be employed to gan fast access to n-country resources by procurng the supples and servces that the commander requres. Host Nation Support (HNS) The avalablty of HNS offsets requrements for general and organc mltary support and thereby affects the sze and scope of the Combat Servce Support (CSS) force that must be commtted to an operaton. RELATED FUNCTIONS Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC) Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton, partcularly n the area of deployments, has ganed renewed mpetus snce the end of the cold war. The new stuaton has brought dfferent requrements and, at present, CRO commanders have to deal wth completely new tasks. The lessons learned from operatons n the Balkans and wthn the Internatonal Securty Assstance Force (ISAF) n Afghanstan reveal that NATO commanders have to deal wth cvl tasks amed at facltatng
8

the accomplshment of the msson by makng cvl resources avalable to the mltary. NATO Standardisation and Interoperability Standardsaton s a key tool for achevng nteroperablty. Interoperablty s essental for logstc co-operaton and has a drect mpact on msson sustanablty and combat effectveness of forces. The mnmum requrements for nteroperablty are commonalty of concepts, doctrnes and procedures, compatblty of equpment, and nterchangeablty of combat supples. Cvlan standards should be used whenever possble. Natons should strve to adopt the agreed NATO standards. Environmental Protection Natonal and nternatonal legslaton and agreements on envronmental protecton ncreasngly affects mltary operatons, n partcular non-Artcle 5 CRO. The mplcatons of envronmental protecton for the executon of logstc functons have to be taken nto account. REFERENCES AAP-6 NATO Glossary of Terms and Defintons ANNEXES A Classes of Supply B Acronyms used n ths chapter

ANNEX A to Chapter 1

CLASSES OF SUPPLY NATO classes of supply are establshed n the five-class system of dentficaton as follows: Class I Items of subsstence, e.g. food and forage, whch are consumed by personnel or anmals at an approxmately unform rate, rrespectve of local changes n combat or terran condtons. Class II Supples for whch allowances are establshed by tables of organsaton and equpment, e.g. clothng, weapons, tools, spare parts, vehcles. Class III Petroleum, ol and lubrcants (POL) for all purposes, except for operatng arcraft or for use n weapons such as flame-throwers, e.g. gasolne, fuel ol, greases coal and coke. (Class IIIa - avaton fuel and lubrcants) Class IV Supples for whch ntal ssue allowances are not prescrbed by approved ssue tables. Normally ncludes fortficaton and constructon materals, as well as addtonal quanttes of tems dentcal to those authorsed for ntal ssue (Class II) such as addtonal vehcles. Class V Ammunton, explosves and chemcal agents of all types.

ANNEX A

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ANNEX B to Chapter 1

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER BDR CIMIC CNAD CRO CSS DI EOD EODTIC HNS IEL IMS IS ISAF L&R M&T NAMSA NAMSO NPLOs NSIP PODs POL RSOM SNLC Battle Damage Repar Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors Crss Reponse Operatons Combat Servce Support Defence Investment Dvson Explosve Ordnance Dsposal NATO EOD Techncal Informaton Centre Host Naton Support Infrastructure Engneerng for Logstcs Internatonal Mltary Staff Internatonal Staff Internatonal Securty Assstance Force (Afghanstan) Logstcs and Resources Dvson Movement and Transportaton NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton NATO Producton and Logstcs Organsatons NATO Securty Investment Programme Ports of Debarkaton Petroleum, Ol and Lubrcants Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement Senor NATO Logstcans Conference

ANNEX B

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12

CHAPTER 2
NATO ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LOGISTICS

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NATO ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LOGISTICS Logisticians are a sad, embittered race of men, very much in demand in war who sink resentfully into obscurity in peace. - Dr. J.M.A.H. Luns, Secretary General of NATO, 1978 INTRODUCTION NATOs Political Goals and Basic Tasks The North Atlantc Allance embodes the transatlantc partnershp between Europe and North Amerca. Its ncepton dates back 4 Aprl 1949 wth the sgnature of the North Atlantc Treaty, whch falls wthn the framework of Artcle 51 of the Unted Natons Charter, reaffirmng the nherent rght of ndependent states to ndvdual or collectve defence. NATOs essental purpose s to safeguard the freedom and securty of ts members by poltcal and mltary means n accordance wth the North Atlantc Treaty and the prncples of the Unted Natons Charter. The objectves of the Allance are prmarly poltcal, underpnned by shared defence plannng and mltary co-operaton and by co operaton and consultaton n economc, scentfic, envronmental and other relevant fields. The focus of the Allance s the promoton of stablty through co-operaton and the development of collectve crss management and peacekeepng mechansms. Artcle 4 of the Treaty provdes for consultatons among the Alles whenever any of them beleves that ther terrtoral ntegrty, poltcal ndependence or securty s threatened. NATO member states are commtted to the defence of one another by Artcle 5 of the North Atlantc Treaty. Ths stpulates that an armed attack aganst one or more of them n Europe or North Amerca shall be consdered as an attack aganst them all. Non Artcle 5 Crss Response Operatons (CRO) that could be approved by the North Atlantc Councl, such as peace support operatons, have been endorsed n the new Strategc Concept approved by the Alled Heads of State and/or Government at the Washngton Summt n 1999. Decision Making in NATO NATO s an nter-governmental organsaton, n whch all member countres retan ther full soveregnty and ndependence. NATO decsons are therefore taken on the bass of consensus, after dscusson and consultaton among the member natons. As an assocaton of free and ndependent states, NATO has no supranatonal authorty or polcy makng functon ndependent of ts members. Decsons taken by NATO are therefore decsons taken by all ts member countres. By the same token, NATO can only mplement a course of acton f all the member countres are n agreement.

CHAPTER 2

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NATO POLITICAL/MILITARY STRUCTURE The North Atlantic Council (NAC or Council) The NAC, establshed by Artcle 9 of the Treaty, s the hghest authorty and the most mportant decson-makng body n NATO. All member countres of NATO have an equal rght to express ther vews and unanmous decsons are requred, whch s also vald for all other NATO commttees and conferences. There s no votng or decson by majorty. The Councl s composed of the Permanent Representatves of all 26 member countres1. It meets weekly under the charmanshp of the Secretary General. Other meetngs, ether at Mnsteral Level (Foregn Affars and Defence) or at the level of Heads of State and/or Government also take place on a regular bass at NATO Headquarters n Brussels or n one of the NATO member states. To assst t n ts work, the Councl has set up a number of commttees that are responsble for mplementng ts decsons or carryng out the tasks t had ordered. All these commttees, whether cvl or mltary, act under the authorty of the Councl. The Defence Planning Committee (DPC) The DPC s composed of all NATO member states except from France and meets under the charmanshp of the Secretary General, ether at Ambassadoral or Mnsteral level. It deals wth most defence matters and subjects related to collectve defence plannng. The DPC provdes gudance to NATOs mltary authortes and wthn the area of ts responsbltes, has the same functons and attrbutes and the same authorty as the Councl on matters wthn ts competence. The Military Committee (MC)2 The Mltary Commttee s responsble for recommendng to NATO poltcal authortes those measures consdered necessary for the common defence of the NATO area and for provdng gudance on mltary matters to the Strategc Commanders (SCs). The MC s the hghest mltary authorty n the Allance under the poltcal authorty of the NAC and DPC. It s composed of the Chefs of Defence Staff of each member country. The Chefs of Defence Staff meet at least twce a year. At other tmes member countres are represented by natonal Mltary Representatves apponted by ther Chefs of Defence Staff.

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On 29 March 2004, seven new countries joined the Alliance: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, thus bringing the Alliance to 26 member states (other member nations are: Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States). Iceland has no military forces but may be represented by a civilian.

2)

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The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)3 The Partnershp for Peace s a major ntatve amed at enhancng stablty and securty throughout Europe. The Partnershp for Peace Invtaton was addressed to all states partcpatng n the North Atlantc Cooperaton Councl (NACC, later to become the EAPC) and other states partcpatng n the Conference for Securty and Co operaton n Europe (later renamed the OSCE, Organsaton for Securty and Co operaton n Europe) able and wllng to contrbute to the programme. The development and enhancement of dalogue and partnershp wth non-NATO member states forms an ntegral part of NATOs Strategc Concept. Alled and Co-operaton Partner Foregn Mnsters naugurated the Euro-Atlantc Partnershp Councl (EAPC) at ther meetng n Sntra, Portugal, on 30 May 1997, wth a vew to rasng poltcal and mltary co operaton among ther countres to a qualtatvely new level. The EAPC provdes the overarchng framework for poltcal and securty-related consultatons and for enhanced co-operaton under the Partnershp for Peace (PfP). The expanded poltcal dmenson of consultaton and co-operaton whch the EAPC offers, allows Partners, f they wsh, to develop a drect poltcal relatonshp wth the Allance. In addton, the EAPC provdes the framework for gvng Partner countres ncreased decson-makng opportuntes relatng to actvtes n whch they partcpate. The EAPC meets twce a year at both Foregn and Defence Mnsters level and, as a general rule, at Ambassadoral level n Brussels on a monthly bass. It may also meet at the level of Heads of State and/or Government, when approprate. The NATO-Russia Council (NRC) The NRC was establshed at the NATO-Russa Summt on 28 May 2002 n Rome. The NRC brngs together the 26 Alles and Russa to dentfy and pursue opportuntes for jont acton at 27. The Rome Declaraton bulds on the goals and prncples of the 1997 NATO-Russa Foundng Act on Mutual Relatons, Cooperaton and Securty. It establshes the NRC as a mechansm for consultaton, consensus-buldng, co-operaton, jont decson and jont acton, n whch the ndvdual Alles and Russa wll work as equal partners on a wde spectrum of Euro-Atlantc securty ssues of common nterest. Chared by NATOs Secretary General, the NRC meets at least monthly at the level of ambassadors and mltary representatves; regularly every year at the level of Foregn and Defence Mnsters and Chefs of Staff; and occasonally at the level of Heads of State and/or Government, when approprate. The NATO-Ukraine Commission (NUC) At the Madrd Summt on 9 July 1997, NATO Heads of State and/or Government, sgned the Charter for a Dstnctve Partnershp between NATO and Ukrane. In ths Charter, the NATO Alles reaffirm ther support for the
3) As of end 2006, the EAPC consists of the NATO member states and Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Ireland, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Note that Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.

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soveregnty and ndependence of Ukrane, ts terrtoral ntegrty, democratc development, economc prosperty and status as a non-nuclear weapons state, as well as the nvolablty of ts fronters. Varous areas for consultaton and cooperaton were developed. The poltcal mandate for ths ntatve was gven by Foregn Mnsters at the meetng of the NUC n Reykjavk, Iceland, on 15 May 2002, when they underlned ther desre to take the NATO-Ukrane relatonshp forward to a qualtatvely new level, ncludng through ntensfied consultatons and co-operaton on poltcal, economc and defence ssues. The NUC s chared by the Secretary General and meets as a rule not less than twce a year to assess the mplementaton of the relatonshp and consder ts further development. It may also meet at the level of Foregn and Defence Mnsters and Chefs of Staff and occasonally at the level of Heads of State and/ or Government, when approprate. The Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) and the Istanbul Co-operation Initiative (ICI) Recognsng that securty n Europe s closely lnked to securty and stablty n the Medterranean regon, the North Atlantc Councl ntated the Medterranean Dalogue n 1994. It s an ntegral part of NATOs adaptaton to the post-cold war securty envronment, as well as an mportant component of the Allances polcy of outreach and co-operaton. The Medterranean Dalogues overall am s to contrbute to regonal securty and stablty, acheve better mutual understandng and dspel any msconceptons about NATO among Dalogue countres. At the Istanbul Summt, the Heads of State and Government decded to develop co-operaton to the broader Mddle East regon by launchng the ICI. Ths ntatve s offered to those countres from the regon that are nterested n fosterng mutually renforcng blateral relatonshps wth NATO wth a vew to greater regonal securty and stablty. It focuses on those areas of practcal cooperaton where NATO can provde an added value. THE NATO HEADQUARTERS STAFF STRUCTURE Secretary General (SG) The SG s a senor nternatonal statesman nomnated by the member natons both as Charman of the NAC, DPC and of other commttees, and as Secretary General of NATO. He also acts as prncpal spokesman for the Organsaton both n ts external relatons and n communcatons and contacts between member governments. He s supported by the Prvate Office n all aspects of hs work. International Staff (IS) The work of the Councl and ts commttees s supported by the IS, consstng of personnel from member countres ether recruted drectly by the Organsaton or seconded by ther governments. The members of the IS are responsble to the Secretary General and owe ther allegance to the Organsaton throughout the perod of ther appontment. The IS comprses the Office of the
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Secretary General, sx operatonal Dvsons, and the NATO Office of Securty. Each of the Dvsons s headed by an Assstant Secretary General (ASG), who s normally the charman of the man commttee dealng wth subjects n hs field of responsblty. The Dvsons support the work of the commttees n the varous fields of actvty. The sx Dvsons are: - Poltcal Affars and Securty Polcy (PASP); - Defence Polcy and Plannng (DPP); - Operatons (OPS); - Defence Investment (DI); - Publc Dplomacy (PDD); and - Executve Management (EM).

Two of them are of drect nterest to logstcans. DI s manly responsble for Producton Logstcs, whereas DPP wth ts Logstcs Staff s takng care of Consumer Logstcs matters. The NATO HQ C3 Staff s an ntegrated cvl/mltary staff element supportng the IS and the Internatonal Mltary Staff (IMS). International Military Staff The IMS supports the Mltary Commttee. It s composed of mltary personnel seconded from natonal mltary establshments and of supportng cvlan personnel. Members of the IMS come under the admnstratve authorty of the Drector of the IMS. The IMS s headed by a Drector of three-star rank who s nomnated by the member natons and s selected by the Mltary Commttee. The Drector s asssted by five Assstant Drectors of flag or general officer rank and the Executve Co-ordnator of the IMS. The IMS s organsed n the followng five dvsons: - Intellgence Dvson (INT) - Plans & Polcy Dvson (P&P) - Co-operaton & Regonal Securty Dvson (C&RS) - Operatons Dvson (OPS) - Logstcs & Resources Dvson (L&R)

The last Dvson mentoned s of drect nterest to logstcans: t s responsble for both Producton (Armaments Branch) and Consumer (Logstcs Branch) Logstcs.

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NATOS INTEGRATED MILITARY COMMAND STRUCTURE The New NATO Command Structure At ther meetng on 12 June 2003, Alled Defence Mnsters agreed to the desgn of a new streamlned mltary command structure, whch reflects the Allances new mssons and transton to smaller, flexble forces that can be rapdly deployed to crss and conflct areas. The number of commands was thus reduced from 20 to 11, and responsbltes redefined. The new NATO command structure s composed of two commands at the strategc level. On the one hand, Alled Command Operatons (ACO), replacng former Alled Command Europe (ACE), contnues to embrace all the NATO commands n Europe, and takes over the responsblty for those operatonal elements that formerly came under the Supreme Alled Command Atlantc (SACLANT)4. Furthermore, ACO focuses on the plannng and executng of NATO operatons. The Supreme Alled Commander Europe (SACEUR) retans hs ttle and assumes strategc command for the preparaton and conduct of all jont operatons. Supreme Headquarters of Alled Powers Europe (SHAPE) stands as ACO headquarters stuated n Mons, Belgum. The levels beneath SHAPE were sgnficantly streamlned, wth a reducton n the number of headquarters. The operatonal level conssts of two standng Jont Force Commands (JFCs), one n Brunssum (Netherlands) and the other n Naples (Italy), and a robust but more lmted standng Jont Headquarters (JHQ) n Lsbon (Portugal), from whch a deployable sea-based Combned Jont Task Force (CJTF) HQ capablty can be drawn. At the component/tactcal level, the structure conssts of sx Jont Force Component Commands (JFCCs), whch provde servce-specfic land, martme, or ar expertse to the operatonal level. On the other hand, Alled Command Transformaton (ACT) was created to promote transformaton and nteroperablty of Allance mltares n order to ensure that NATO forces are traned and structured to meet the challenges of the new securty envronment. ACT HQ are co-located wth the Unted States Jont Forces Command n Norfolk, Vrgna (Unted States of Amerca), although an ACT Staff Element has been establshed at SHAPE, prmarly to deal wth resource and defence plannng ssues. NATO research, educaton and tranng centres are subordnate to ACT. NATO LOGISTIC COMMITTEES The Senior NATO Logisticians Conference (SNLC) The prncpal commttee dealng wth logstcs, the SNLC, meets under the Charmanshp of the Secretary General twce a year, n jont cvl and mltary sessons. It has two permanent co-Charmen, namely the Assstant Secretary General for Defence Polcy and Plannng, and the Deputy Charman of the Mltary Commttee. The Conference reports jontly to both the Councl and the Mltary Commttee, reflectng the dependence of logstcs on both cvl and mltary factors.
4) SACLANT ceases to exist in the new command structure.

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Membershp of the conference s drawn from senor natonal cvl and mltary representatves of Mnstres of Defence or equvalent bodes wth responsblty for consumer aspects of logstcs n member countres. Representatves of the Strategc Commands, the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA), the NATO Standardsaton Agency (NSA), the Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO (COMEDS) and other sectors of the NATO Headquarters Staff also partcpate n the work of the conference. The overall mandate of the SNLC s to address consumer logstcs matters wth a vew to enhancng the performance, efficency, sustanablty and combat effectveness of the Allances forces and to exercse, on behalf of the Councl, an overarchng co-ordnatng authorty across the whole spectrum of logstcs vs--vs the other logstc commttees and bodes of NATO. The SNLC carres out ts work though four subordnate bodes. The prncpal subordnate body s the Logistic Staff Meeting (LSM), whch advses the SNLC on general cvl and mltary logstc matters. Actng on behalf of the SNLC, the LSM montors and co-ordnates the mplementaton of logstc polces, programmes and ntatves through consultaton and co-operaton among natons, the SCs, and wth other NATO logstc and logstc-related bodes; t provdes a forum for addressng logstc concerns; and t co-ordnates wth the Movement and Transportaton Group (M&TG) and other specalsed subordnate bodes that may be created and harmonses ther work wth the SNLCs overall logstc polces and programmes when ther work s part of a broader logstc effort. The LSM also develops logstc polces, programmes and ntatves for the SNLCs consderaton. The LSM meets twce a year n the same format as the SNLC. LSM membershp mrrors that of the SNLC and s co-chared by a cvl co Charman, the Head, IS Logstcs, and by a mltary co Charman, the Deputy Assstant Drector, IMS L&R Dvson. The Movement and Transportation Group (M&TG) s the SNLCs subordnate body that deals wth movement and transportaton (M&T). The M&TG advses the SNLC on M&T matters; t montors and co-ordnates the mplementaton of M&T polces, programmes and ntatves through consultaton and co-operaton among natons, the SCs and other NATO transportaton and transportaton-related groups and agences. It s co chared by a cvl co Charman, the Head, IS Logstcs and a mltary co Charman, the Deputy Assstant Drector, IMS L&R Dvson, and meets twce a year, n March and September, n the same format as the SNLC. M&TG membershp mrrors that of the SNLC. In addton, the three Transport Plannng Boards and Commttees (PB&Cs) of the Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee (SCEPC) are represented on the M&TG. The Standing Group of Partner Logistic Experts (SG PLE), under the gudance of the LSM wth Partners and the M&TG wth Partners, dentfies, develops and promotes the employment of Partner logstc forces and capabltes that Partners are wllng to contrbute to NATO-led operatons. The SG PLE also makes recommendatons concernng logstcs pre-arrangements to the Strategc Commands (SCs). Furthermore, the group provdes a forum for addressng logstc topcs concernng PfP that any member of the LSM wth Partners and the M&TG wth Partners may wsh to rase. The SG PLE meets twce a year under the
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Charmanshp of a Partner naton; the char s assumed for a two year term. SG PLE membershp comprses senor staff officers from NATO and Partner natons, IS, IMS, the SCs and NAMSA. The Logistic Information Management Group (LOG IMG) s NATOs overarchng logstcs nformaton management body. Subordnate to the LSM, the group revews, assesses and recommends NATO logstc nformaton management requrements and develops logstc nformaton management polcy and gudance for consderaton by the LSM. The LOG IMG s chared by a naton, ts membershp comprses experts from NATO and Partner natons, IS, IMS, SCs and relevant NATO nformaton management commttees and bodes. It meets as often as necessary to carry out ts work. NATO Pipeline Committee (NPC) The NPC, whch s chared by the Head, IS Logstcs s the senor advsory body n NATO on consumer logstcs relatng to petroleum. It acts on behalf of the Councl, n full consultaton wth the NATO Mltary Authortes (NMAs) and other bodes, on all matters of NATO wde concern n connecton wth mltary fuels, lubrcants and assocated products and equpment, the NATO Ppelne System (NPS) and other petroleum nstallatons n support of ACO. Its dutes are to: - evew, assess and evaluate, n conjuncton wth other NATO r authortes, the overall Allance mltary petroleum logstcs organsaton, polcy, plans, procedures and capabltes wth the am to enhance performance, efficency, safety, securty and effectveness of NATO facltes for the storage, handlng, dstrbuton and uplft of mltary fuels; - evelop standardsaton of fuels, lubrcants and assocated products d used by all naval, land and ar assets n order to mprove the effectveness and nteroperablty of NATO and NATO-led forces; - mprove the effectveness of NATO and NATO-led forces through  the standardsaton of the facltes, equpment and procedures for handlng fuels and lubrcants products; - rovde the focal pont and forum for the consderaton of mltary p petroleum matters; - xercse polcy control for the operaton and mantenance of the NPS; e and - evelop, n close co-ordnaton wth other relevant commttees, d gudelnes for greater cvl/mltary co-operaton. The NPC has three permanent Workng Groups, whch have the followng responsbltes: - Working roup No.1 - (AC/112(WG/1) Specal Tasks), whch takes on G specal tasks as drected by the NPC. - NATO Fuels and Lubricants Working Group - (AC/112(NF&LWG)), whch
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provdes the focal pont and forum to revew and develop standardsaton of fuels, ols, lubrcants and assocated products used by all naval, land and ar assets n order to mprove the effectveness and nteroperablty of NATO and NATO-led forces. The NF&LWG s supported by three Workng Partes: o aval Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party - N AC/112(NAVAL F&LWP); o rmy Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party - A AC/112(ARMY F&LWP); and

o vaton Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party - A AC/112(AVIATION F&LWP).

- Petroleum Handling Equipment Working Group - AC/112(PHEWG), whch provdes the focal pont and forum to revew and mprove the effectveness and nteroperablty of NATO and NATO-led forces through the standardsaton of the facltes, equpment (ncludng Deployable Fuels Handlng Equpment (DFHE)) and procedures for handlng fuels and lubrcants products set out n NATO Standardsaton Agreement (STANAG) 1135.

Committee of the Chiefs of Military Medical Services in NATO (COMEDS) The COMEDS advses the Mltary Commttee on mltary medcal matters affectng NATO. The COMEDS also acts as the co-ordnatng body for the Mltary Commttee regardng all mltary medcal polces, procedures and technques wthn NATO. Its meetngs are conducted b-annually. The COMEDS s composed of: - he Chefs of the mltary medcal servces of all natons as represented t n the Mltary Commttee; - he IMS medcal staff officer; t - he ACO and ACT medcal advsors; and t - he Charman of the Jont Medcal Commttee (JMC) (observer). t

COMEDS makes recommendatons consdered necessary concernng the development and assessment of NATO mltary medcal polcy and procedures for medcal support. The Commttee explores and develops ways to mprove and expand exstng arrangements between the member natons n the fields of co-ordnaton, standardsaton and nteroperablty. It fosters and mproves the exchange of nformaton relatng to the organsaton, operatonal prncples and procedures of the mltary medcal servces of NATO natons and the SCs, as well as nformaton relatng to the medcal treatment, research and development between the NATO natons n order to ensure that advances made by one natonal are avalable to all. Lastly, COMEDS undertakes studes of general and partcular nterest such as: prncples and polces of medcal field management, medcal tranng, preventve medcne, mltary pharmacy and medcal materal,
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dental servce, food hygene and food technology, veternary medcne, mltary psychatry, mltary medcal structures, operatons and procedures, co-ordnaton and co-operaton n mltary medcal research. NATO-Russia Ad Hoc Working Group on Logistics (NRC(LOG)) The NRC(LOG) s a jont cvl/mltary group wth the man am to dentfy opportuntes for jont acton n all areas of logstcs, ncludng ar transport and ar-to-ar refuellng and to ntate and mplement cvl and mltary logstc cooperaton programmes and ntatves between NRC Member Natons. The annual Logstc Acton Plan ncorporates all NRC ntatves n logstc co-operaton on both cvlan and mltary sdes. Through a mx of staff-level dscussons, exchanges, workshops and semnars, t focuses n partcular on promotng nformaton sharng n areas such as logstc polces, doctrne, structures and lessons learned wth a vew to establshng a sound foundaton of mutual understandng n the field of logstcs. Its actvtes addresses such dverse topcs as hgh level structures for the development of logstc polces, the logstc support of deployed peacekeepng operatons, HNS, cvl commerce, fuels nteroperablty, medcal support and logstc tranng. OTHER NATO LOGISTIC BODIES NATO Maintenance and Supply Organisation (NAMSO) NAMSO comprses the Board of Drectors as the legslatve body and the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) as ts executve body. The Agency, wth ts man facltes located n Luxembourg, s NATOs prncpal logstc support management agency. NAMSOs msson s to provde logstcs support to NATO or to ts member states ndvdually or collectvely. The objectve of the NAMSO msson s to maxmse, both n peacetme and wartme, the effectveness of logstcs support to armed forces of NATO states and to mnmse costs. As the NAC has recognsed a collectve responsblty between NATO and natonal authortes for logstc support n the context of multnatonal operatons, NAMSO may provde logstcs support to ts member states and to groups of some or all of those states. Twenty five member states partcpate n NAMSO actvtes5. The NAC has also authorsed NAMSO to conclude Memoranda of Understandng (MOU) wth PfP natons for co-operatve logstc support. To accomplsh ts msson, NAMSA carres out functons of logstcs management, whch can be performed more effectvely by the Agency than by the natons themselves. Ths often means logstcs functons common to several states. Inter ala, these nclude (common) procurement, supply, mantenance and repar, configuraton management and techncal support for equpment/ weapon systems. NAMSA offers a wde range of logstcs servce actvtes whch nclude codficaton, management of common lne tems (NATO Logstcs Stock Exchange), contractng for transportaton of personnel and materel, managng demltarsaton actvtes such as projects for the dsposal of weapons and mnes,
5) Iceland is not a member as it does not have any military forces that would require NAMSAs support.

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ste remedaton, producton of electronc manuals and data etc. NAMSA logstc servces also nclude support to the forces deployed n-theatre. Ths last area of support contnues to expand to the benefit of NATO and troop contrbutng natons. As NAMSA s a customer-funded entty, those requestng a servce from the Agency are responsble for the full costs of the servce requested. The majorty of NAMSAs workforce of around 950 s located n Capellen (Luxembourg). There s also the Southern Operatonal Centre, strategcally located n Taranto (Italy) and the NATOs HAWK Logstcs Management staff at Ruel-Malmason, Pars (France). NAMSA produces the NATO Ammunton Data Base on a CD-ROM, whch consttutes an authortatve source of NATO ammunton nterchangeablty, techncal and logstc nformaton. It also provdes a DVD wth the NATO Master Catalogue of References for Logstcs wth NATO Stock Numbers (NSNs), part numbers and nformaton about manufacturers and vendors and manages the NATO Malbox System, whch allows transfer of data among member states. Further detals on ths subject are provded n Chapter 14. Central European Pipeline Management Organisation (CEPMO) CEPMO s the management organsaton for the Central Europe Ppelne System (CEPS) and s one of the NATO Producton and Logstcs Organsatons (NPLO). CEPS s the largest element of the NATO Ppelne System (NPS) that encompasses NATO assets for the movement, storage and delvery of fuel n Belgum, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These are known as the host natons, wth the Unted States desgnated as a user naton. Collectvely, the host and user natons comprse the Member Natons. CEPS s desgned and managed to meet operatonal requrements n central Europe n peace, crss and conflct tmes, but s also used commercally under strct safeguards. The day to day operaton of CEPS s the task of the Central Europe Ppelne Management Agency (CEPMA) located n Versalles (France). The CEPMO Board of Drectors (BOD) s the governng body actng wth regard to the collectve nterests of all CEPMO Member Natons n accordance wth ts Charter6. It s composed of a representatve of each Member Naton of the CEPMO, who are the only votng members and represent ther natons poltcal, mltary, economc, financal and techncal nterests. Representatves of the NMAs, the General Manager of the CEPMA and the desgnated Secretary Generals Lason Officer (SGLO) also partcpate n meetngs of the BOD. CEPMA s organsed n such a way as to cover the core functons of marketng and economc development, as well as techncal, financal and admnstratve support.

6)

C-M(97)64

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Bi-SC Logistic Co-ordination Board (Bi-SC LCB) The B-SC LCB was establshed by the SCs n 1996 as ther senor forum for co ordnatng Allance wde concerns for logstc polcy and plannng between SCs, NATO Command Structure (NCS), NATO natons and desgnated agences. The B-SC LCB s responsble to the SCs for advce and recommendatons on logstcs gudance and doctrne, concepts, structures, plans and procedures n support of NATO operatons. It s responsble to the SNLC for the development of jont logstc doctrnal documents and the revew of other logstc documents wth the am of achevng consstency and harmonsaton of logstc doctrne and procedures throughout the range of NATO publcatons. Several bodes support the dutes and functons of the B-SC LCB: - the B-SC LCB Logstc Tranng Commttee; - the B-SC LCB Doctrne Commttee; - the B-SC LCB Stockple Plannng Commttee; and - the B-SC Logstc Plannng Commttee.

Bi-SC Movement and Transportation Forum (Bi-SC M&T Forum) The B-SC M&T Forum was formed n 1996. It provdes a forum for M&T ssues between the SCs, the NCS and NATO natons and desgnated agences. M&T matters are those ssues that derve from the NATO Commanders M&T responsbltes and from NATO HQ developed concept and polces. The B-SC M&T Forum s the senor forum for co-ordnatng Allancewde concerns for M&T polcy and plannng between SCs, NATO natons and desgnated agences. The B-SC M&T Forum s responsble to the SCs for advce and recommendatons on M&T gudance and doctrne, concepts, structures, plans, and procedures n support of NATO operatons. The BSC M&T Forum meets twce a year ether n NATO/PfP Plenary, NATO-only plenary or n Exceptonal Plenary sessons. It s co-chared by the two SCs, the Chef of the Alled Movement Co ordnaton Centre (AMCC), ACO and Head of the Movement and Transportaton Branch at ACT. When requred, the co char may nvte partcpaton from other bodes and organsaton. The B SC M&T Forum: - ecommends and/or gves advce on doctrne, concepts, structures, r plans, and procedures n support of NATO operatons; - roposes solutons to M&T ssues affectng more than one member p naton; - romotes M&T standardsaton and nteroperablty n co-ordnaton p wth NATO Standardsaton Programme; - ssesses NATO Commanders M&T requrements to support a operatonal plans and recommends changes, f requred; - orms commttees and/or workng groups to study and report on f ssues agreed by the B-SC M&T Forum; and
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- ubmts reports to the SNLC and M&TG and to other bodes, as agreed s or as drected.

Bi-SC Medical Advisory Group (Bi-SC MEDAG) The B-SC MEDAG provdes a forum for medcal ssues between the SCs. Medcal matters are those ssues that derve from the NATO Commanders medcal responsbltes and from NATO HQ developed concept and polces. REFERENCES NATO Handbook NATO Facts and Fgures MC 324/1 The NATO Mltary Command Structure MC 389/1 MC Polcy on NATOs Combned Jont Task Force (CJTF) Capablty ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 2

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER ACE ACO ACT AMCC ARMY F&LWP ASG AVIATION F&LWP B-SC LCB B-SC MEDAG B-SC M&T Forum BOD CEPMA CEPMO CEPS CJTF COMEDS CRO C&RS CSCE DFHE DI DPC DPP EAPC EM Alled Command Europe Alled Command Operatons Alled Command Transformaton Alled Movement Co ordnaton Centre Army Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party Assstant Secretary General Avaton Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party B-SC Logstc Co-ordnaton Board B-SC Medcal Advsory Group B-SC Movement and Transportaton Forum Board of Drectors Central European Ppelne Management Agency Central European Ppelne Management Organsaton Central Europe Ppelne System Combned Jont Task Force Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO Crss Response Operatons Co-operaton & Regonal Securty Dvson Conference for Securty and Co operaton n Europe Deployable Fuels Handlng Equpment Defence Investment Defence Plannng Commttee Defence Polcy and Plannng Euro-Atlantc Partnershp Councl Executve Management
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ANNEX A

HQ JFCs JFCCs JHQ JMC ICI IMS INT IS LOG IMG L&R LSM MC MD MOU M&TG NAC NACC NAMSA NAMSO NAVAL F&LWP NCS NF&LWG NMAs NPC NPLO NPS NRC NSA NSNs NUC

Headquarters Jont Force Commands Jont Force Component Commands Jont Headquarters Jont Medcal Commttee Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve Internatonal Mltary Staff Intellgence Dvson Internatonal Staff Logstc Informaton Management Group Logstcs & Resources Dvson Logstc Staff Meetng Mltary Commttee Medterranean Dalogue Memorandum of Understandng Movement and Transportaton Group North Atlantc Councl or Councl North Atlantc Co operaton Councl NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton Naval Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party NATO Command Structure NATO Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Group NATO Mltary Authortes NATO Ppelne Commttee NATO Producton and Logstcs Organsatons NATO Ppelne System NATO-Russa Councl NATO Standardsaton Agency NATO Stock Numbers NATO-Ukrane Commsson
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OPS OPS PASP PB&Cs PDD PfP PHEWG P&P OSCE SACEUR SACLANT SCs SCEPC SHAPE SG SGLO SG PLE SNLC STANAG

Operatons Operatons Dvson Poltcal Affars and Securty Polcy Transport Plannng Boards and Commttees Publc Dplomacy Partnershp for Peace Petroleum Handlng Equpment Workng Group Plans & Polcy Dvson Organsaton for Securty and Co operaton n Europe Supreme Alled Commander Europe Supreme Alled Command Atlantc Strategc Commanders Senor Cvl EPlannng Commttee Supreme Headquarters of Alled Powers Europe Secretary General Secretary Generals Lason Officer Standng Group of Partner Logstc Experts Senor NATO Logstcans Conference Standardsaton Agreement

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CHAPTER 3
THE ALLIANCES NEW STRATEGIC CONCEPT AND FORCE STRUCTURES

Infrastructure Engineering for Logistics Italian troops maintaining a rail line in Kosovo

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THE ALLIANCES NEW STRATEGIC CONCEPT AND FORCE STRUCTURES My logisticians are a humourless lot they know if my campaign fails they are the first I will slay. - Alexander the Great, date unknown THE ALLIANCES STRATEGIC CONCEPT At the Washngton Summt n Aprl 1999, the Alles approved a new strategy to equp the Allance for the securty challenges and opportuntes of the 21st century and to gude ts future poltcal and mltary development. The new Strategc Concept provdes overall gudance for the development of detaled polces and mltary plans. The Concept sets out the Allances Approach to Securty n the 21st Century, reaffirmng the mportance of the transatlantc lnk and of mantanng the Allances mltary capabltes. The Concept confirms that the Allances essental and endurng purpose s to safeguard the freedom and securty of ts members by poltcal and mltary means. It defines the Allances fundamental securty tasks, both n terms of collectve defence, whch has been at the centre of NATOs preoccupatons snce ts establshment, and n terms of new actvtes n the fields of crss management and partnershp that the Allance s undertakng n order to enhance the securty and stablty of the Euro-Atlantc area. The new Strategc Concept comprses the followng essental elements: - the preservaton of the transatlantc lnk.; - the mantenance of effectve mltary capabltes; and - he development of the European Securty and Defence Identty wthn t the Allance.

CHAPTER 3

The final part of the Strategc Concept establshes gudelnes for the Allances forces, translatng the purposes and tasks of the precedng sectons nto practcal nstructons for NATO force and operatonal planners. The strategy calls for the contnued development of the mltary capabltes needed for the full range of the Allances mssons, from collectve defence to peace support and other crss response operatons. Among the capabltes hghlghted as partcularly mportant are the ablty to engage opposng forces effectvely, deployablty and moblty, survvablty of forces and nfrastructure, sustanablty, and nteroperablty - ncludng wth the forces of Partner countres. The drecton set by the Strategc Concept has been ntensfied by subsequent ntatves. The Prague Capabltes Commtment (PCC) was launched to ensure that NATO would have deployable and sustanable capabltes for expedtonary operatons. The concept of Combned Jont Task Forces (CJTF), desgned to make NATOs jont mltary assets avalable for wder operatons by NATO natons or by the European Unon, was further refined. The concept for
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a NATO Response Force (NRF) was ntroduced n 2002 and the first NRF was fielded n October 2003. NATOs mltary command structure has been further streamlned and the Allances defence and operatonal plannng arrangements have been adapted n order to take nto account future requrements for expedtonary Crss Response Operatons (CROs). NATO MILITARY STRUCTURES The Allances mltary structures encompass the NATO Command Structure and the NATO Forces Structure. The NATO Command Structure (NCS) The NCS s composed of permanent multnatonal headquarters at the strategc, jont, and component levels of command. It also ncludes the CanadaUnted States Regonal Plannng Group. These are common funded. The NATO Force Structure (NFS) The NFS s composed of Alled natonal and multnatonal forces, as well as ther assocated operatonal headquarters, put at the Allances dsposal on a permanent or temporary bass under specfied readness crtera. Natonal contrbutons are made avalable to the Allance by agreed mechansms for the Transfer of Authorty (TOA), and by co ordnaton and co operaton agreements, supplemented n some cases by common funded assets for specfic capabltes and scenaros. MC 400/2 s the Mltary Commttee gudance for the mltary mplementaton of the Allances strategy whch provdes the gudance and prncples that shape the NFS. The NFS s bult on the bass of potental NATO mssons followng the prncples rulng the Allances mltary structures (coheson, jontness and multnatonalty, affordablty, forces of graduated readness and nteracton wth the NCS) and ncludes Graduated Readness Forces (GRF), the CJTF and the NATO Response Force (NRF). Graduated Readiness Forces (GRF) Readness levels of NATO command and force elements reflect the requrements of the full msson spectrum. The GRF approach to readness addresses the warnng tmes assocated wth crss response, deployablty requrements, the need to sustan and/or renforce forces and headquarters and the longer term capablty for force buld-up (reconsttuton, moblsaton, and renforcement) n the event of the worst case large scale Artcle 5 contngency. Wthn the GRF structure, Hgh Readness Forces (HRF) are desgned to react quckly and deploy for operatons wthn the Allances full range of mssons. The readness of these forces s graduated to take account of operatonal plannng constrants. In addton, Forces of Lower Readness (FLR) are requred to rotate or renforce forces to sustan Artcle 5 operatons and non-Artcle 5 CRO. HRFs and FLRs can be placed under NATO command for Artcle 5 operatons and non Artcle 5 CROs, wthn agreed TOA arrangements, followng a decson by the NAC. Natons wll need to develop an augmentaton capablty wth Long Term
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Buld-up Forces (LTBF) n the case of an emergence of a large scale threat to NATO. Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) The Allance Strategc Concept establshed a requrement for the CJTF as a deployable and flexble C2 capablty at the jont level for the full range of the Allances mssons. A CJTF s a combned, jont, fully deployable task force, talored to the msson and formed for the full range of the Allance s mltary mssons. A CJTF conssts of three layers: the CJTF HQ, subordnated Component Command HQs, and forces assgned for the operaton. The CJTF concept takes nto account and can buld upon the Deployable Jont Task Force (DJTF) HQ requred for commandng the NRF, and addresses the possble transton from an NRF operaton to a larger CJTF operaton. The concept satsfies the requrement to conduct two concurrent CJTF operatons, one commanded by a sea based CJTF HQ for the ntal stage of a Major Jont Operaton (MJO), and one commanded by a land-based CJTF HQ for the ntal and sustanment stages. Ths s known as the CJTF Talored Capablty. The CJTF HQ s a deployable, non-permanent combned and jont HQ of varable sze, talored to a msson. It asssts the Commander CJTF (COMCJTF) n exercsng command and control over the entre CJTF and can be ether sea or land based. The purpose of a CJTF HQ s to command and control the full range of Allance mltary operatons up to the sze of a MJO that requre deployable C2 capabltes, ncludng assumng command and control over the NRF. Jont Force Component Command (JFCC) HQs are subordnated to the CJTF HQ and used to exercse command and control over assgned forces. Dependng on the msson and avalable resources, the followng consderatons apply: a CJTF can nclude Jont Force Land, Martme, Ar, Rear Area, Specal Operatons and Psychologcal Operatons Component Commands. JFCC HQs deploy when requred. Msson talored forces are assgned to COMCJTF or CJTF Component Commanders. They are provded by NATO Natons and, on a case-by-case bass and subject to the Councls approval, by Partner and other non-NATO contrbutng natons. The actvaton and deployment of assgned forces follow procedures as lad down n the Operatonal Plannng Process (OPP). To successfully accomplsh the full range of CJTF mssons, forces made avalable must possess approprate operatonal capabltes. Interoperablty, flexblty and deployablty are essental overarchng objectves. NATO Response Force (NRF) At the Prague Summt n 2002, Alled Heads of State and/or Government decded to develop the NRF as a technologcally advanced, flexble, deployable, nteroperable and sustanable force, ncludng land, sea and ar elements, ready to move quckly to wherever needed. The NRF s also ntended to act as a catalyst for focusng and promotng mprovements n the Allances mltary capabltes.

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The NRF concept s ntended to generate a coherent, jont and combned, traned and certfied force package, held at very hgh readness, capable of performng assgned mssons on ts own, as well as partcpatng n an operaton as part of a larger force, or servng as an ntal entry force that prepares the theatre for follow-on forces. The mssons of the NRF mrror prmarly the requrements of rapd response n the ntal phase of a crss stuaton. The NRF s rotatonal by nature, relyng on perodc commtments by natons aganst the Combned Jont Statement of Requrement (CJSOR) and on jont tranng for each rotaton. The NRF s held at 5 30 days readness and, when drected to prepare for deployment, t wll be talored to a specfic operaton. The NRF s able to operate as a stand-alone force for up to 30 days usng embedded logstcs capabltes, or longer f re suppled. Forces partcpatng n the NRF are deployable HRFs drawn from the entre NCS, as well as from other forces offered by NATO natons, on the bass that they meet hgh readness crtera set by the strategc commander for operatons. IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPLOYABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Deployablty and moblty are requred for both Artcle 5 operatons and non Artcle 5 CROs. NATO must have the capablty to project forces nto a non permssve envronment and/or areas wthout approprate nfrastructure and wthout any Host Naton Support (HNS). Deployablty therefore ams at enablng NATO to concentrate ts forces and engagement capablty from permanent locatons to a Jont Operaton Area (JOA) for the conduct of the Allances mssons. Regardng moblty, all NFS headquarters/forces, once deployed wthn a JOA, must possess tactcal moblty. Manoeuvre forces and ther C2, Combat Support and Combat Servce Support (CS/CSS)1 elements must be capable of beng moved wthn the JOA as requred. These requrements are normally addressed as part of the force plannng process. However, specal ntatves by Heads of State and/or Government were requred to speed up consderaton of a number of logstc and other shortcomngs. Defence Capabilities Initiative (DCI) The DCI was launched at the Washngton Summt and was the first ntatve amed at mprovng the Allances capabltes. The DCI focused on mprovng nteroperablty among Allance forces to ensure the effectveness of multnatonal operatons across the full spectrum of Allance mssons. Ffty-eght decsons were endorsed, coverng the areas of Deployablty and Moblty (DM), Sustanablty and Logstcs (SL), effectve engagement, survvablty of forces and nfrastructure, and NATO consultaton, command and control (C3) systems. The SNLC had lead responsblty for 10 of them, all n the areas of DM and SL. The DCI ntatves under the lead of the SNLC dealt wth:

1)

CS is defined as fire support and operational assistance provided to combat forces. CSS is defined as the support provided to combat forces, primarily in the fields of administration and logistics.

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- mprovng mltary access to commercal lft assets; - xplorng optons for multnatonally owned or leased lft assets; e - developng arrangements for co-operatve or shared use of lft; - uttng n place measures to enhance co-operaton n multnatonal p logstcs; - mprovng co-operatve logstcs plannng and management structures  and procedures; - xamnng the co-operatve acquston and management of logstc e stocks, ncludng shared ndustral contracts for sustanment; and - evelopng logstcs nformaton systems archtecture and enablers. d

Many of the DM and SL measures acheved modest success. Overall, however, DCI fell short of expectatons because the varous ntatves were led by senor NATO commttees largely lackng the authorty to commt the resources necessary to secure the requred capabltes. Prague Capabilities Commitment (PCC) Based on the DCI experence, Defence Mnsters recognsed that real progress could be made only when ntatves were taken forward by natons rather than by NATO commttees. Therefore, n June 2002, Defence Mnsters agreed that new ntatves focusng on key operatonal capablty areas should be prepared for agreement at the November 2002 Prague Summt and that these should be based on natonal commtments. Ths ntatve was named the Prague Capabltes Commtment (PCC). The followng four acton areas were dentfied as part of the PCC: - efence aganst Chemcal, Bologcal, Radologcal and Nuclear d (CBRN) attacks; - command, communcatons and nformaton superorty; - mproved nteroperablty of deployed forces and key aspects of  combat effectveness; and - rapd deployment and sustanment of combat forces.

The PCC ntatves that are of partcular nterest to logstcs are strategc arlft under the lead of Germany, strategc sealft under the lead of Norway, ar to ar refuellng (AAR) under the lead of Span and Combat Support/Combat Servce Support (CS/CSS), whch has no lead naton. REFERENCE MC 317/1 The NATO Force Structure ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter
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ANNEX A to Chapter 3

AAR C2 C3 CBRN CJTF CJSOR COMCJTF CS CSS DCI DJTF DM FLR GRF HNS HRF JFCC JOA MJO NAC NCS NFS NRF OPP PCC SL TOA

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER Ar-to-Ar Refuellng Command and Control Consultaton, Command and Control Chemcal, Bologcal, Radologcal and Nuclear Combned Jont Task Forces Combned Jont Statement of Requrement Commander CJTF Combat Support Combat Servce Support Defence Capabltes Intatve Deployable Task Force Deployablty and Moblty Forces of Lower Readness Graduated Readness Forces Host Naton Support Hgh Readness Forces Jont Force Component Command Jont Operaton Area Major Jont Operaton North Atlantc Councl or Councl NATO Command Structure NATO Force Structure NATO Response Force Operatonal Plannng Process Prague Capabltes Commtment Sustanablty and Logstcs Transfer of Authorty
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ANNEX A

CHAPTER 4
DETERMINATION OF LOGISTIC REQUIREMENTS AND LOGISTIC PLANNING

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DETERMINATION OF LOGISTIC REQUIREMENTS AND LOGISTIC PLANNING In modern warfare no success is possible unless military units are adequately supplied with fuel, ammunition and food and their weapons and equipment are maintained. Modern battle is characterized by resolute and dynamic actions and by abrupt changes in the situation which call for greater quantity of supplies than was the case during the Second World War. Hence the increasingly important role of logistic continuity aimed at supplying each soldier in good time with everything he needs for fulfilling his combat mission. - Colonel General Golushko, Chief of Logistic Staff, Soviet Armed Forces, 1984 INTRODUCTION Ths chapter descrbes the methods by whch the Allance operatonal objectves are decded and ther achevement are measured. Commttng natonal capabltes to ensure collectvely that the Allance has sufficent capacty and that current operatons have robust support s an oblgaton of membershp and affirms a common purpose. Every logstcan n NATO wll find hmself takng part n ths process. The method by whch NATO goals are agreed through the Defence Plannng Process wth respect to logstcs, logstc plannng and the NATO Logstcs Vson and Objectves Process are set out n detals below. DEFENCE PLANNING PROCESS The 1999 NATO Strategc Concept sets out the purpose and tasks of the Allance, the organsatons approach to securty n the 21st Century, and general gudelnes for NATO forces. The Comprehensve Poltcal Gudance (CPG) and subsequent Summt or Mnsteral statements have served to provde addtonal gudance, definton and clarficaton as requred. Taken together, these documents help to define the types of forces, assets and capabltes that the Allance requres to undertake the full range of ts mssons. The role of defence plannng s to plan for sufficent total capablty n natons of the requred forces, assets and capabltes. Defence plannng n the Allance s a fundamental element whch enable ts member countres to enjoy the crucal poltcal, mltary and resource advantages of collectve defence and other common mltary efforts to enhance securty and stablty. It prevents the renatonalsaton of defence polces, whle recognsng natonal soveregnty. The am of defence plannng s to provde a framework wthn whch natonal and NATO defence plannng can be harmonsed so as to meet the Allances agreed requrements n the most effectve and efficent way.

CHAPTER 4

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In ccordance th aragraph 0.d. f he ashngton ummt ommunqu, a w p 1 ot W S C NATO defence plannng must also am at ncorporatng more comprehensvely the avalablty of forces for European Unon (EU)-led operatons. Hence, any reference n ths document to the forces and capabltes needed to conduct the full range of the Allances mssons, Allance requrements or equvalents, mplctly ncludes the requrements for EU-led operatons. The document enttled EU and NATO: Coherent and Mutually Renforcng Capablty Requrements has been approved by the Councl and sets out the basc arrangements to enable the EU and NATO as well as ther member states to ensure the coherent, transparent and mutually renforcng development of the capablty requrements common to both organsatons. These arrangements (ncludng, nter ala, the EU/NATO Capablty Group, contacts between EU and NATO secretarats and mltary staffs at all levels, and cross-partcpaton of nternatonal and mltary staffs at relevant meetngs n both organsatons) wll be employed throughout the NATO defence plannng process such as force plannng, where approprate. Thus, reference n ths document to takng account of nputs from other approprate bodes and staffs mplctly ncludes nputs from the EU/NATO Capablty Group as well as EU nternatonal and mltary staffs, as approprate. Defence plannng s a comprehensve endeavour and has several plannng dscplnes, ncludng armaments, cvl emergency, C3 (consultaton, command and control), force, logstcs, nuclear and resource plannng. Each of these dscplnes, however, s managed by a dfferent NATO body that contrbutes to the overall am dfferently and apples specal procedures. They operate under the drecton of the North Atlantc Councl (NAC) or the Defence Plannng Commttee (DPC), or both, or the Nuclear Plannng Group (NPG). There s, therefore, a crtcal requrement to co ordnate and harmonse the actvtes between the dscplnes to the maxmum extent possble to ensure that the overall am of defence plannng s acheved efficently. In 2006, the CPG was agreed n order to mprove the co ordnaton and harmonsaton of the plannng effort. Smlarly, there s also a need to co ordnate and harmonse actvtes, as applcable, of other nter-related dscplnes such as standardsaton and ar defence, as well as strengthenng the two-way lnkages between force plannng and operatonal plannng. force plannng provdes an essental bass for ths coordnaton and harmonsaton, by dentfyng both the requred and avalable capabltes and forces over a ten year plannng perod. NATO LOGISTICS VISION AND OBJECTIVES (V&O) Introduction The NATO Logstcs V&O orgnated from an Autumn 1999 SNLC decson to be more nvolved n defence and operatonal plannng. In consequence, the SNLC developed the NATO Logstc V&O to facltate a coherent NATO approach on logstc ssues by provdng the SNLC wth a mechansm to co ordnate and harmonse, on behalf of the NAC and the Mltary Commttee (MC), the development and mplementaton of logstc polces and ntatves wthn NATO. The V&O also ensures that NATOs broader logstc concerns are taken nto account n defence plannng.
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The NATO Logstc V&O conssts of three elements: - he overarchng vson for NATO logstcs for the next ten years; t - road objectves that are closely algned wth the CPG and other hgher b level gudance; and - etaled requrements that dentfy the requred actons, agents, and d tmeframe for completon.

The NATO Logistics V&O Process The NATO Logstcs V&O process conssts of three phases. Phase 1 develops and approves of the vson and objectves. Phase 2 develops and approves the ndvdual requrements. Fnally, Phase 3 montors and manages the achevement of the requrements. The NATO Defence Plannng perod covers ten years, whle the Force Plannng cycle covers four years wth possble updates to the Defence Mnsteral Gudance and force goals takng place after two years f requred. The NATO Logstcs V&O also covers a ten year perod, and s updated every four years, wth a revew takng place after two years, f requred. Drawng ts overarchng gudance from the latest CPG, the NATO Logstc V&O s approved by the SNLC pror to the development and approval of the Defence MG so that the Logstc Plannng staff can take t nto account n ther nput to the Defence MG and the development and ssue of the Defence Plannng Questonnare (DPQ). Logstc and logstc-related commttees are nvted to co-operate wth the SNLC n the completon of the NATO Logstcs V&O. V&O Reporting Progress on objectves s reported to the SNLC through ts Annual Logstc Report, whch s also sent to Defence Mnsters for notaton. In addton wth complyng wth the SNLCs Terms of Reference requrement to report annually to Defence Mnsters, the practce of focusng the report on the accomplshment of the V&O elmnates the need for addtonal reports. Addtonally, Mnsteral reacton to the Annual Logstc Report should provde valuable drecton to the start of each NATO Logstc V&O cycle. FORCE PLANNING The am of force plannng s to ensure the avalablty of natonal forces and capabltes for the full range of the Allances mssons by settng targets for mplementaton and assessng the degree to whch these targets are beng met. The process s based on three sequental man elements, each of whch has ts own development cycle: - Poltcal Gudance; - Plannng Targets; and
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- Defence Revews.

These elements form the bass for all major actvtes n the force plannng process. Poltcal Gudance provdes general gudance relevant to all defence plannng fields as well as specfic gudance applcable to the ndvdual defence plannng dscplnes, albet wth a partcular focus on force plannng. Takng nto account the current and projected strategc envronment, ncludng potental rsks and challenges, t addresses the poltcal, economc, technologcal and mltary factors that could affect the development of Alles forces and capabltes and sets out the prortes, tmelnes and areas of concern to be addressed by the NATO Mltary Authortes (NMAs) and by natons n ther plannng. It deals wth plannng for forces and capabltes requred for the full range of the Allances mssons, ncludng hgh-ntensty operatons and operatons far from NATOs terrtory. It also provdes gudance, where approprate, on co operaton wth and/ or support to other organsatons. NATO plannng targets n total are allocated to natons based on ther far share allocaton. Each natonal target s translated nto a force proposal and subsequently to a force goal, for each naton. The determnaton of requrements s lmted to the dentficaton of the mnmum mltary requrement, n terms of the capabltes needed to meet NATOs Level of Ambton n the predcted securty envronment out to ten years. To do so, t draws on extant poltcal and mltary gudance, the latest NATO strategc ntellgence estmate, the results of past analyses, lessons learned from operatons as well as concept development and expermentaton and any other relevant factors. NATO Force Goals form collectvely agreed targets for ndvdual natons, seekng the forces and capabltes needed to conduct the full range of the Allances mssons. NATO force goals are prortsed and may employ a step by step approach, as approprate. The NATO defence revew s the collectve scrutny and assessment of each natons force and financal plans aganst the background of the assgned NATO Force Goals for a ten-year plannng perod. The plans for the first two years of the plannng perod consttute a firm commtment to NATO by each country, wth respect to ther contrbuton to collectve defence and an ndcaton of the avalablty of forces and capabltes for other NATO mssons. Not only does the defence revew of an ndvdual naton provde the mechansm to assess the degree to whch the targets for that naton are beng met, but when the results of the revews of all natons are compled, the defence revew cycle also presents a comprehensve assessment of the Allances mltary capabltes1, ncludng any shortfalls, and provdes an ndcaton of the Allances ablty to meet ts requrements, ncludng ts Level of Ambton. The force plannng process s essentally cyclcal n nature, but ncludes some non cyclcal elements as well. The agreement of both the CPG and the Defence MG sets the stage for the elaboraton of plannng targets whch, when
1) Excluding those of France which does not participate in collective force planning. Also other references in this paper to NATO or the Alliance may, for that reason, apply only to the Allies participating in force planning.

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complete, provde the benchmark upon whch the NATO Defence Revew s conducted. In turn, the results of the Defence Revew feed nto the development of the next poltcal gudance, thereby begnnng the next cycle. There s, however, flexblty to ensure that the process remans responsve to changng crcumstances of the Allance or of Alles. Lookng forward to cover a ten-year plannng perod, NATO force plannng s conducted n a four-year cycle n whch bennal and quadrennal elements consttute a contnuous and seamless process wth work beng carred out at varous levels smultaneously n dfferent phases of process. Whle the prevous paragraph ndcates the cyclcal nature of the force plannng process and ts man elements n general terms, any of the consttuent elements can be conducted on an ad-hoc bass should t be deemed necessary. For example, a major, unexpected change n the securty envronment could result n an out-of-cycle revew of the extant poltcal gudance or n the promulgaton of adapted NATO Force Goals. Furthermore, the dentficaton of crtcal operatonal requrements/shortfalls could, f judged approprate, also result n the promulgaton of out-of-cycle force goals developed by means of an abbrevated staffing procedure whch may, but need not necessarly, be based on Defence Requrements Revew-type analyss. To ths end, the Defence Revew Commttee (DRC) wll montor developments closely2. Fnally, whle not necesstatng an outof-cycle revew, natons are expected to update ther Alles as soon as possble on any major changes to ther defence structures and plans, especally f they affect ther commtment n the next two years. Combat Support/ Combat Service Support (CS/CSS) In May 2003 the Renforced North Atlantc Councl (NAC(R)) endorsed the need for addtonal ntatves to overcome the shortage n jont CS and CSS unts. The NAC(R) tasked the Internatonal Staff (IS) and the NMAs to develop concrete proposals for consderaton on possble ways to mprove capabltes n these areas by explotng role sharng and role specalsaton. The subsequent work of the IS and the NMAs was nfluenced by the fact that for the first tme the majorty of CS and CSS requrements at corps and theatre levels were addressed to the natons concerned. Parallel work on the development of concrete proposals to mprove CS and CSS was therefore delayed untl an ntal assessment could be made on the degree to whch these CS and CSS requrements were lkely to be accepted and mplemented by natons. Based on the mltary assessment of the acceptance by natons of the CS/ CSS requrements concrete proposals were developed to mprove ths stuaton. The scope of the problem ndcates that solutons need to take a broader approach, ncludng ncreased commtment by ndvdual natons, role sharng, role specalsaton, the use of contractors and the formaton of standng multnatonal logstcs unts. Ths broad approach must also provde the opportunty for natons wllng to specalse n nche support capabltes, to do so wthout necessarly commttng combat forces.
2) The need for developing out-of-cycle force goals may also be a consequence of work done by the Executive Working Group or other bodies.

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MANAGEMENT OF LOGISTIC INFORMATION NATO Logstcs Polcy3 states that Natons and NATO authortes have a collectve responsblty for logstc support between NATO and Natons. Natons must ensure that adequate logstc support s provded to ther forces allocated to NATO durng peace, crss, and conflct tmes, both wthn NATO boundares and n support of out of area operatons. However, to comply wth the agreed prncple of collectve responsblty for logstcs, natons are expected to put n place measures or enablers to enhance co-operaton and multnatonalty n logstcs. The Allances New Strategc Concept requres tmely and accurate logstc nformaton for efficent management and co-ordnaton of support to NATO forces. Ths has resulted n the need for close co-ordnaton and co-operaton durng NATO multnatonal operatons. NATO has taken a proactve approach to meet current and future nformaton requrements. Regulatory Framework for a Logistics Information System Architecture (LOGIS) The Regulatory Framework4 provdes a management envronment for nformaton and communcaton systems and servces that gves the prncples for a logstc nformaton system archtecture. It s the means to develop an nformaton system archtecture to gude development and harmonsaton of exstng and future Allance logstc related systems. Ths document descrbes the key requrements and gudng prncples for the development and mplementaton of a NATO LOGIS archtecture. Thus, the archtecture should provde easy access to the rght nformaton, at the rght tme, by the rght people. The Regulatory Framework calls for partcpaton on a case-by-case bass from any or all NATO natons, NATO organsatons, NATO agences, nonNATO-natons, organsatons or ndustry. Its management, harmonsaton and co ordnaton should be part of the responsblty of an Informaton Technology (IT) management body, whch has to be bult up by future partcpants n a LOGIS envronment. Logistics Information Management Group (LOG IMG) The LOG IMG s NATOs senor logstc nformaton management body. The group was establshed to revew, assess and then recommend NATOs logstcs nformaton requrements to the SNLC. The LOG IMG s responsble to develop and mantan NATOs Logstc hgh level busness process model whch s used to map current and emergng NATO nformaton systems to the model. Gap analyss s used to determne mssng functonalty. The LOG IMG works wth natonal mltary authortes, NATO bodes, natons and ndustry when applcable, to leverage exstng efforts. The LOG IMG mantans close lason wth NATO agences.
3) 4) MC 319/2 EAPC(SNLC)D(2002)21, 23 August 2002, SNLC Regulatory Framework for a Logistics Information System Architecture

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Logistic Functional Services (LOGFS) Information Management Working Group (LOGFS IM WG) The LOGFS IM WG s the Strategc Commands prncple nformaton systems and techncal group. The LOGFS IM WG s led by HQ SACT and supported by ACO and others NATO Regonal Command dealng wth Doctrnal/ Operatonal and Techncal aspects of the LOGFS. The group s responsble for managng the LOGFS Capabltes Package (CP), co-ordnatng nformaton technology aspects of the Scentfic Program of Work (SPOW), co ordnaton of logstcs IT experments, mantanng relatons wth and provdng drecton to NC3A and NCSA, and provdng oversght for LOGFS related Tranng at Latna (Italy). The group also serves as the SCs forum to dscuss and prortse all LOGFS ssues from the varous components of the LOGFS sute to nclude current problems and future developments. Besdes, t admnstrates the relatonshp of the LOGFS user communty wth NC3A and NCSA. LOGISTIC READINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY Logistic Readiness Readness s a key prncple of the NATO Force Structure (NFS) to ensure the avalablty of the NFS HQs and forces assgned to the Allance on a permanent or temporary bass for the full range of the Allances mssons. The readness assgned to an HQ or unt s defined n MC 317/1 as the perod of tme measured from an ntaton order to the moment when the HQ or unt s ready to perform ts task from ts peacetme locaton or when t s ready for deployment. NATOs readness definton does not nclude the tme to move to and wthn the Jont Operaton Area (JOA) and the tme to be ready to perform ts msson once deployed. Regardless of ts readness category, beng ready means, for a unt, that t s fully manned, traned, equpped and provded wth the requred supples, and s at organsatonal strength at ts peacetme permanent locaton or forward deployed locaton, or ready for deployment. Natonal and NATO logstc plans must ensure that sufficent quantty and qualty of logstc resources are avalable at the same readness and deployablty levels to support forces untl such tme as a stable, robust re-supply system has been establshed. Logstc plannng must also take nto account the actvtes undertaken by a force up to the pont when Transfer of Authorty (TOA) occurs. Natons and NATO should apply the same logstc crtera to n-place forces. Logstc unts may be deployed early as enablng forces to actvate the lnes of communcaton and therefore may need to belong to a hgher readness category than the unts they support. The quantty and qualty of logstc resources requred to provde support to a force must cover the entre msson spectrum that these forces could be expected to perform. The readness of logstc resources s acheved through establshng the capablty to provde the requred support, ncludng the full provson of stocks and assets, wthn the specfied readness tme, ether by stockplng or by other arrangements. Natons must pay partcular attenton to Long Lead Tme Items (LLTI) whch cannot otherwse be obtaned
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wthn the readness preparaton tme to ensure that sufficent stockples of these tems are held to meet the logstc avalablty and subsequent sustanablty requrements of ther forces. Logistic Sustainability Logstc sustanablty must meet NATOs level of ambton defined n the Defence Plannng Commttee Mnsteral Gudance. In lne wth the parameters of the new NFS, the logstc systems, structures and resources must provde the capablty to project and to sustan combat power for the foreseen duraton of operatons, wth ncreased emphass on Crss Response Operatons (CRO)s. Logstc sustanablty requres sufficent deployable and n-place logstc support for all elements of the force structure. Ths wll nclude medcal support, equpment mantenance, stocks, and logstc nfrastructure. Logstc sustanment starts when force generaton actvtes are ntated and ams at mantanng the combat power of the forces throughout the duraton of the operaton. A key aspect s sustanng the requred stockple level stated n the specfic Operaton Plan (OPLAN) or by natonal authortes. The overall sustanablty requrement wll be derved from the most logstcally demandng combnaton of scales of effort, concurrency, endurance and readness, tempered by an agreed level of operatonal rsk and the requred readness and preparaton tme. Overall logstc sustanablty requrements wll take nto account the avalablty of readness stocks. As stated n MC 55/4, natons should mantan approprate sufficent supples, avalable wthn the readness categores, to sustan ther forces commtted to NATO for the full range of potental mssons, as dentfied n the Defence Requrement Revew (DRR). Natons must ensure that, wthn the preparaton tme of ndvdual readness categores, the readness stockple requrements for forces n those categores, and the sustanablty requrements are met by a mx of: - mantanng adequate stocks; - ssured access to ndustral capabltes wth adequate surge a capacty; - b-/multlateral agreements; - contngency contracts; and - other means, ncludng contractor support to operatons.

Natons relyng on ndustral surge to address requrements must ensure that ndustry has the capacty to respond n the tmescales requred and over the duraton necessary, partcularly where supplers may be asked to respond to the needs of more than one naton and/or to the cvl sector. NATO STOCKPILE PLANNING Stockpile Requirements Natons may use a combnaton of methods to acheve stockple
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requrements for readness durng the warnng and preparaton tme for unts. These nclude routne stockplng of materel that cannot be obtaned durng the preparaton tme of ndvdual readness categores, acquston n total or part by assured access to ndustral capabltes wth adequate surge capacty, b- or multlateral arrangements and contngency contracts. The methods selected wll need to take nto account ndustral and commercal market consderatons, procurement lead tmes, strategc transportaton avalablty and wder securty consderatons n respect of access to strategc materel. To determne the necessary stocks to acheve force readness, the key factor s the tme requred to establsh robust re-supply arrangements, ncludng the avalablty of strategc lft for logstc sustanablty, and the ablty of ndustry and commerce to respond wthn the preparaton perod of ndvdual readness categores. Through analyss of demandng DRR plannng stuatons, a unt basc load, the re-supply cycle tme and pre TOA requrements, the SCs have calculated the requrement to be n prncple 30 Standard Days of Supply (SDOS). Therefore, for defence plannng purposes, unts requre 30 SDOS avalable to be operatonally ready for deployment wthn the unt readness tme. Where a naton s unable to meet the full 30 SDOS readness requrement, the naton should consult the SCs to determne the optons. To support natonal generc and long term stockple plannng wthn the overall Defence Plannng Process, the SCs are responsble for developng stockple requrements n consultaton wth natons and publshng them n the Stockple Plannng Gudance (SPG) to natons. The SPG s harmonsed wth the NATO Force Plannng Process and should provde adequate gudance for all classes of supply. However, where no such gudance can be gven, natonal plannng factors should apply. In these cases, requrements should be establshed at levels consstent wth these tems covered by gudance. NATO Stockpile Planning Guidance Although Mnsteral Gudance and the Force Plannng process can be consdered as the prmary process for NATO capabltes plannng, addtonal detal s often requred to permt logstcs plannng across ts functonal dscplnes. Statements lke natons should hold a mnmum stock level of ammunton or natons should provde sufficent logstc unts to support ther combat forces mean lttle by themselves. Some standard of measurement s necessary to clarfy what the statement means. Ths s acheved by: - C 55/4, Readness and Sustanablty Polcy, whch addresses M readness crtera and sustanablty parameters to be used n force, operatonal and logstc plannng. All Classes of Supply (COS), ncludng medcal supples, are covered by MC 55/4; and - he NATO Stockple Plannng Gudance (SPG) uses computer modelng t to compute battle decsve muntons for Land, Ar, Ar Defence, and Martme Forces. These requrements are based on a target orented approach and modeled n the Alled Command Resource Optmsaton Software System (ACROSS). The requrements for all other classes
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of supply are calculated usng the Sustanment Plannng Module II (SPM II), whch s based on the level of effort methodology (30 SDOS) and s beng refined to estmate daly consumpton across a varety of operatonal condtons. The SPG s ssued to natons every two years and the results are reported n the DPQ. The SPG s the expresson of the NATO requrement for all classes of supply. It s produced by ACT, wth the nput from ACO, by natons attendng the Stockple Plannng Commttee. Once receved, natons compute the optmal muntons effectveness based on current nventores and planned procurement, and then report the results n the DPQ. Shortfalls n meetng the agreed muntons or other stockple levels are dscussed at the SPC and durng force plannng consultatons wth natons. NATO MILITARY COMMON FUNDED RESOURCES Introduction Mltary common-funded programmes have always been and must reman an mportant aspect of the co operaton amongst Alles5. NATOs mltary common resources consst of the NATO Securty Investment Programme (NSIP), the Mltary Budget and Internatonal Manpower. The NSIP, formerly known as the NATO Infrastructure Programme, funds common nvestment projects n support of the Allances capabltes. The Mltary Budget funds essentally the common operaton and mantenance costs of NATOs ntegrated mltary structure. Internatonal Manpower provdes the necessary mannng of that structure. Senior Resource Board (SRB) The SRB s a subsdary body of the Councl wth overall responsblty for common-funded mltary resource management. It s chared by a natonal charman and composed of senor natonal representatves from member countres, representatves from the Mltary Commttee (MC), ACO, ACT, Mltary Budget Commttee (MBC), Infrastructure Commttee (IC) and the NATO Defence Manpower Commttee (NDMC). The man objectves of the SRB are: - o provde coordnated advce to the Councl/Defence Plannng t Commttee (DPC) on the avalablty, management and allocaton of resources; - o provde a forum for consderng the resource mplcatons of new t ntatves of common concern; - o optmze md- and longer term mltary common-funded resource t management and to provde maxmum flexblty n the resource allocaton process; and - o consder and endorse capablty packages for Councl/DPC t approval, prmarly from a resource allocaton pont of vew.

5)

Ministerial Guidance 1997

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Infrastructure Committee The IC s chared by the Assstant Secretary General for Defence Investment, (ASG/DI), wth the Drector of the Securty Investment Drectorate servng as the Permanent Charman. It s responsble, wthn the broad polcy gudance provded by the SRB, for the mplementaton of the NSIP, as approved by the Councl/DPC. In ths respect, the IC: - creens projects ncluded n the NSIP, prmarly from the techncal s and financal pont of vew, also takng nto account economcal and poltcal aspects, agreeng ther detaled elgblty for common fundng n accordance wth approved gudelnes; - rants authorzatons to Host Natons to commt funds for such g projects; - decdes on procurement ssues, ncludng dsputes; - formally accepts mplemented projects; - anages the programme from a financal pont of vew wthn the m overall lmts set by the SRB and approved by the Councl; and - alls forward payments from contrbutng natons n accordance wth c approved expendture forecasts.

Military Budget Committee (MBC) The MBC s responsble for managng the Internatonal Mltary Budget. To ths end, the MBC: - ssues polcy and gudance to the NATO Mltary Authortes (NMAs)  for the preparaton and submsson of medum term financal plans; revews these plans and formulates recommendatons to the SRB concernng resource allocaton and future plannng parameters; - ssues polcy and gudance to the NMAs for the preparaton and  submsson, wthn approved resource allocatons, of annual budget estmates; revews these estmates and formulates recommendatons to the Councl for ther approval; - ontors the executon of the approved budgets and authorses m adjustments to the authorsed budgets whch exceed the powers of the Fnancal Controllers; and - rovdes advce to the Councl on a range of nternatonal mltary p budget matters, such as the grantng of nternatonal status to mltary bodes, modficatons to nternatonal cvlan personnel establshments and reports by the Internatonal Board of Audtors.

NATO Defence Manpower Committee (NDMC) The NDMC s an MC sub-commttee wth overall nternatonal manpower management responsblty, takng nto account broad resource polcy gudance of the SRB. In ths respect, the NDMCs man tasks are:
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- o advse the MC on manpower polces and celngs, current and t forecast; - o screen the NATO Defence Manpower Plan wth a vew to nvtng the t approval of the MC to the proposals for the first year, and ts approval n prncple to those for subsequent years for manpower and financal plannng purposes; - o consder proposals for varatons n mltary establshments t submtted by the NMAs; - o conduct revews as necessary of nternatonal manpower posts; t and - to advse the MC on NATO personnel polcy.

The Medium-Term Resource Plan (MTRP) The MTRP covers resource plannng for the followng budget year and the four subsequent plannng years. It s forwarded by the SRB to the Councl for decson at the begnnng of each year. It s essentally a resource plannng document, expressng resource requrements n broad quanttatve terms. By expressng budgetary requrements wthn the Capablty Package framework, the MTRP establshes the lnk between NATOs mltary common resources and the Allances strategc objectves. The MTRP provdes an overvew of the medum term feasblty and affordablty of prevously endorsed and future programmes, ncludng manpower. The MTRP addresses ssues whch are of partcular relevance to each of the mltary common resources of NSIP, mltary budget and nternatonal manpower. Specfically, the MTRP sets resource allocaton celngs for the NSIP and the mltary budget for the next budget year and provdes plannng celngs for the followng four plannng years. Capability Packages (CPs) The Capablty Package process lnks mltary common fundng wth the broader Allance defence plannng process. It dentfies the assets needed, both common-funded and natonal, for the Allance to have the capabltes to perform ts mssons. It specfically ntegrates the nvestment, operaton and mantenance and nternatonal manpower aspects. There are four dstnct phases n the CP process: CP definton, CP development and submsson, CP approval and CP mplementaton. CP Definition MC Gudance for Defence Plannng amplfies the Prncpal Mltary Requrements (PMR) and dentfies the requred mltary functons. Ths forms the bass for the development by the NMAs of ther requred capabltes. The SCs, n consultaton wth Host Natons, Agences and user natons, develop the CPs that support the requred capabltes wthn ther area of responsblty. There are no fixed gudelnes as to what consttutes a properly szed CP. However, t s clear
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that a CP must be manageable n terms of scope, cost and mplementablty. The cost and complexty must be such as to allow package executon wthn a reasonable tmeframe, normally five to seven years from the tme of approval. CP Development and Submission At ths stage, the SCs dentfy addtonal requrements by comparng requred assets to avalable assets. The followng steps can be dentfied: - he dentficaton of those mnmum resources (forces, armaments, t logstcs, and nfrastructure assets) that must be avalable to accomplsh the requred capablty; - he determnaton of those nstallatons whch currently exst to satsfy t the requred capablty dentfied n the step descrbed above; and - he selecton of those nstallatons avalable to support the requred t capablty together wth the related common-funded Operaton and Mantenance costs and NATO Manpower. If exstng NATO or natonal nfrastructure assets are not adequate to support the requred capablty, ths step must dentfy ether common funded or natonally funded addtonal nvestment requrements, ether for new nstallaton(s) or to satsfy shortfalls n exstng nstallatons, ncludng the relaton to common-funded Operaton and Mantenance costs and NATO Manpower.

CP Approval CPs are submtted to NATO HQ for approval. The IS, together wth the Internatonal Mltary Staff (IMS), prepares a jont screenng report to be consdered by both the SRB and the MC. Ths report wll address the feasblty, mplementablty, elgblty for common-fundng and affordablty wthn the agreed MTRP plannng framework. The SRBs prmary focus s on affordablty. The MC consders CPs from a mltary requrement pont of vew, assgnng the mltary prorty on whch bass CPs wll compete for fundng. Councl/DPC approval of the CP consttutes a commtment that the necessary resources, ncludng nternatonal manpower, wll be made avalable. CP Implementation Implementaton of CPs s the responsblty of the mplementaton commttees and the host natons. For those CPs for whch addtonal nvestment s necessary, the Infrastructure Commttee s responsble for managng the mplementaton of the common-funded nvestments. Both the MBC and the NDMC are nvolved n managng the provson of sufficent operaton and mantenance support and nternatonal manpower. NATO Security Investment Programme The IC has overall management responsblty over the NSIP. New nvestment requrements wll be agreed on the bass of the securty needs of the Allance and, consequently, elgblty for common-fundng wll not consttute
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any enttlement. Partcular emphass wll be placed upon the facltes needed to meet crss management requrements: communcatons, command and control, nformaton gatherng, moblty, flexblty of employment, renforcement actvtes and re supply. The basc prncple of elgblty for common-fundng under the NSIP s that requrements should be over and above those that could reasonably be expected to be made avalable from natonal resources. The current NSIP s based upon NATOs overall requrements. Prorty objectves nclude: - support to ongong and planned CROs; - exble and deployable command and control of land, ar and martme fl forces; - ar defence, survellance, reconnassance and ntellgence; - logstc support and re-supply; - control of lnes of communcaton; - tranng support and exercse facltes; - nuclear capabltes; and - consultaton.

The Military Budget The MBC has overall management responsblty over the mltary budget. The Internatonal Mltary Budget provdes for the operatng and mantenance costs (ncludng personnel and operatng costs, msson operatng expenses and captal expendtures) of the network of NATO nternatonal mltary headquarters, programmes and agences. Sx major budgetary groups can be determned: - rss Response Operatons, provdng for the operaton of the theatre C headquarters of NATOs deployed mssons; - ATO Arborne Early Warnng (NAEW) System, provdng for the N operaton and control of the NAEW fleet of arcraft; - lled Command Operatons, ncludng ts network of subsdary A Commands, Programmes and Agences; - lled Command Transformaton, ncludng ts network of subsdary A Commands, Programmes and Agences; - he IMS Groups, whch also ncludes the budgets such as those for the t NATO Defence College, the Advsory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) and the NATO Ar, Command and Control System Management Agency (NACMA); and - he NATO Consultaton, Command and Control Agency (NC3A). t

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STANDARDISATION AND INTEROPERABILITY Introduction Through NATO Standardsaton, the Alles wll enhance ther capablty to perform the whole range of NATO tasks and mssons. NATO standardsaton also adds a poltcal value as an outward demonstraton of co operaton and soldarty. Therefore, NATO polcy s to encourage natons and NATO authortes to develop, agree and mplement common concepts, doctrnes, procedures, crtera and desgns to enhance the Allances operatonal effectveness and mprove the efficency n use of avalable mltary resources. The ncreasng need for Allance co operaton n the development and mantenance of multnatonal forces for all mssons demands more flexblty to meet broader and less predctable rsks, and to ensure a varety of mltary crss measures. Gven the current emphass placed on co operaton n Peace Support Operatons (PSOs), combned efforts, ncludng wth Partners, should be made n the field of standardsaton. For multnatonal formatons, the overall mutual co operaton between all forces and unts s essental. Ths requres a sgnficant level of standardsaton. Major changes n the Allance, nvolvng new and more delcate mssons, Partnershp for Peace (PfP) and NATOs enlargement wll necesstate clearly defined standardsaton parameters and wll requre an approprate level of standardsaton to allow collaboratve operatons, tranng and exercses n NATO led non-Artcle 5 operatons (ncludng PSOs, search and rescue, humantaran operatons and crss management). In partcular, the dentficaton and mplementaton of nteroperablty objectves for PfP natons wll become ncreasngly mportant, as wll ther nvolvement and ntegraton n the standardsaton process. The producton and mantenance of NATO Standardsaton Agreements (STANAGs) and Alled Publcatons (APs) s largely the responsblty of the NATO Standardsaton Agency (NSA) supported by the Taskng Authortes (TAs). The TAs consst of the MC, the Conference of Natonal Armament Drectors (CNAD), the NATO Ar Defence Commttee (NADC), the NATO Consultaton Command and Control Board (NC3B), the NATO Ppelne Commttee (NPC), the Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee (SCEPC), the SNLC and others as requred. The NSA mantans the NATO Standardsaton Programme (NSP), whch s an automated tool contanng key Allance Standardzaton R(ASRs)requrements and selected objectves for Allance standardsaton objectves. Definition Wthn NATO, standardsaton s the process of developng and mplementng concepts, doctrnes, procedures and desgns to acheve and mantan the compatblty, nterchangeablty or commonalty whch are necessary to attan the requred level of nteroperablty or to optmse the use of resources, n the fields of operatons, materel and admnstraton. The levels of standardsaton are, n ascendng order, compatblty, nteroperablty, nterchangeablty and commonalty.
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Aim The am of NATO standardsaton s to enhance the Allances operatonal effectveness through the attanment of nteroperablty among NATO forces, and addtonally between NATO forces and forces of Partners and other natons, mprovng thereby efficency n the use of avalable resources. Industrys capablty to satsfy mltary requrements belongs entrely to the economc system of the member natons; consequently, the achevement of NATO standardsaton s hghly dependent on the poltcal wll of the Alles to commt themselves to the necessary efforts. Principles of NATO Standardisation The followng prncples gude the applcaton of NATO Standardsaton: - General lliance Objectives. Standardsaton s not an end n tself. A The need for standardsaton s derved from the overall poltcal objectves of the North Atlantc Treaty, and specfically from the Allance Strategc Concept and the Mnsteral Gudance for defence plannng actvtes n NATO. - Harmonisation of standardisation with NATO defence planning. Co ordnaton among NATO defence plannng dscplnes s essental for harmonsaton and achevement of nteroperablty. For natons concerned, force plannng s a key focus for the standardsaton process through the force goals and defence revew cycles. Partnershp Goals address standardsaton requrements to Natons partcpatng n the PfP Plannng and Revew Process (PARP). Implementaton s then revewed n PARP Assessment. - Unity f effort. Unty of effort s enhanced by harmonsaton and co o ordnaton of standardsaton actvtes wth Natons, SCs and Senor NATO Commttees through the NATO Standardsaton Organsaton. - Use f civil standards. The Allance wll use sutable cvl standards o to the maxmum practcable extent. Only when no applcable cvl standard s avalable, wll a NATO standard be developed. - Attainment of standardisation level. Natons should acheve the levels of standardsaton ndcated n the Standardsaton Requrement. The levels of standardsaton are, n ascendng order, compatblty, nteroperablty, nterchangeablty and commonalty. - eedback. Feedback on fulfilment of Standardsaton Requrements and F mplementaton of Standardsaton Agreements s an essental part of the standardsaton process. - ational commitment. In prncple standardsaton s voluntary N for natons that shall mplement standards as applcable and to the maxmum possble extent. In some nstances, natons may agree to the mandatory mplementaton of specfic standards. Full complance wth the force goals for natons partcpatng n force plannng s a key
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aspect of natonal commtment to mprove standardsaton. T - erminology. NATO documents must use NATO agreed termnology.

The NATO Standardisation Process The NATO Standardsaton Process nvolves proposng, developng, agreeng, ratfyng, promulgatng, mplementng and updatng NATO standards. It comprses two complementary elements: the so called bottom-up and topdown standardsaton. Bottom-up standardsaton s ntated by reportng standardsaton needs and/or deficences. Ths s followed by Standardsaton Proposals, formulated by NATO Workng Groups, whch are valdated by the approprate Taskng Authorty to confirm the requrement before the development of a STANAG starts. Top-down standardsaton s ntated when the SCs dentfy mltary standardsaton requrements as part of force proposals for natons partcpatng n the force plannng process. It requres a clear formulaton of these requrements and the allocaton of prorty scores based on the B-SCs agreed basc prorty lst. These mltary standardsaton requrements, together wth other requrements for standardsaton from NATO natons and from TAs, consttute the Allances Standardsaton Requrements. Top-down standardsaton comprses 4 phases: Phase 1: Identficaton, formulaton and approval of Standardsaton Requrements; Phase 2: Identficaton, formulaton and agreement of Standardsaton Objectves based on these requrements; Phase 3: Executon of tasks by the TAs, resultng from the approved Standardsaton Objectves; Phase 4: Implementaton of top-down Standardsaton and feedback. Top-down Allance Standardsaton Requrements, complemented by approprate bottom-up Standardsaton Proposals, lead to the development and mplementaton of the NATO Standardsaton Programme (NSP). The NSP s the Allances management tool for standardsaton actvtes. Steps within the process. The general steps n the standardsaton process whch fall under the drect responsblty of the TAs are defined n AAP-3, Procedures for the Development, Preparaton, Producton and the Updatng of NATO Standardsaton Agreements and Alled Publcatons. Such responsblty ncludes the management and updatng of all exstng STANAGS and APs, the dentficaton, valdaton and agreement on new standardsaton requrements, the achevement of natons ratficaton and the promulgaton of the agreed documents. - Identifying standardisation requirements/deficiencies. Standardsaton requrements are derved from ether the top-down or the bottom-up approaches as descrbed earler. They dentfy the capablty to be acheved and the requred level of standardsaton.
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Those that form part of the NATO Standardsaton Programme are referred to as Allance Standardsaton Requrements. - Formulating and agreeing priority standardisation objectives. Based on the agreed requrement, prorty standardsaton needs are dentfied and the standardsaton objectves (referred to SOs wthn the NSP) are formulated. - Formulating or updating of NATO standards. The formulatng or updatng of NATO standards s nherently nternatonal n character and hence must be co ordnated nternatonally n the approprate NATO bodes. In vew of the wde range of the Allances actvtes for whch standards are desrable, the formulaton of proposed NATO standards wll normally be decentralsed. Formulaton of NATO standards can best be accomplshed by multnatonal bodes of natonal experts. - Ratifying NATO standards by Nations individually. Specfic proposed standards may not be relevant to all Allance natons. A proposed standard may be ratfied and desgnated a NATO Standard f several (not necessarly all) Alles agree that t s acceptable as a goal for mplementaton. Lkewse, Partner natons can adopt NATO standards as a goal for mplementaton. - Promulgating ATO standards. After sufficent natons have ratfied N the proposed standard t wll be promulgated by the Drector of the NSA. - Implementing agreed NATO standards as a matter of national policy. Implementaton of agreed NATO standards s a natonal responsblty. NATO strongly encourages mplementaton of ratfied STANAGs, by observng, montorng and reportng results on a natonby-naton and case by case bass. - Verifying and validating the implementation of agreed NATO standards. Verficaton of standardsaton may be carred out n PSOs, exercses and other operatons. The verficaton should be carred out on the bass of a verficaton plan. Valdaton of verficaton nformaton may result n the adaptaton and/or deleton of certan STANAGs.

NATO Standards NATO Standardsaton s a broad process that may be appled to any NATO actvty. NATO standards are normally classfied nto one of three man areas as follows, although some standards may apply to more than one area: - Operational tandards are those standards whch affect future and/ s or current mltary practce, procedures or formats. They may apply to such matters as concepts, doctrne, tactcs, technques, logstcs, tranng, organsatons, reports, forms, maps and charts, among other thngs.

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- Materiel tandards are those standards that affect the characterstcs s of future and/or current materel to nclude telecommuncatons, data processng and dstrbuton. They may cover producton codes of practce as well as materel specficatons. Materel ncludes complete systems, ncludng command, control and communcatons systems, weapons systems, sub systems, assembles, components, spare parts and materals and consumables (ncludng ammunton, fuel, supples, stores and consumable spares). - Administrative standards prmarly concern termnology - whch apply to both the operatonal and the materel fields - but ths category also ncludes standards whch facltate Allance admnstraton n fields wthout drect mltary applcaton (e.g. reportng of economc statstcs).

In general, operatonal standardsaton falls nto the area of responsblty of the NSA whle materel standardsaton falls nto the area of responsblty of the CNAD. Other NATO bodes such as the NATO C3 Board, the SNLC, the NPC, the Research & Technology Board and the IMS Dvsons also deal wth standardsaton. Standardsaton of termnology s essental for a collectve understandng of all documentaton related to standardsaton actvtes. The NATO Glossary of Terms and Defintons (AAP-6) s the key NATO reference document that provdes offical terms and defintons to be used. Addtonally, NATO specalst Glossary of Terms and Defintons provde NATO approved termnology for specalsed fields. Standardsaton must not hnder research and development for new armaments and/or communcatons equpment nor the pursut of more efficent/ approprate processes and procedures. On the contrary, by consderng standardsaton mplcatons n the very early state of development, collaboraton n equpment programmes wll be consderably enhanced. Operatonal and materel standardsaton are nterdependent. Standardsaton n key operatonal areas such as concepts, doctrne, procedures and msson needs, wll greatly enhance prospects for standardsaton of materel. In turn, new technology wll often requre the reformulaton of doctrne and wll almost always result n changes to operatonal procedures. The full benefits of ncreased materel standardsaton may not be acheved unless there s extensve harmonsaton of operatonal aspects. Operatonal standardsaton strves for the use of common concepts, doctrnes, procedures, practces or formats to enhance operatonal nteroperablty of NATO and PfP forces. Objectves for materel standardsaton strve for the development and procurement of compatble, nteroperable, nterchangeable or common materel for NATO and PfP forces, as requred.

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The NATO Standardisation Organisation (NSO) NATO Committee for Standardisation Senor NATO Commttee, reportng to the Councl, wth full authorty and management responsblty for Allance Standardsaton co ordnaton on polcy and decson takng. The NCS s asssted by the Group of NCS representatves wth delegated authorty (NCSREPs) to acheve ts msson. The NCSREPs wll address the NSO objectves, promote the nteracton between natonal organsatons and NATO and prepare NCS decsons or act on ts behalf. The NCS s the Board of Drectors for the NATO Standardsaton Agency. NATO Standardisation Staff Group (NSSG) Staff group subordnate to the NCS, responsble for staff lason, for the staffing of projects assgned to the NSA by the NCS and for preparaton of documentaton contrbutng, nter ala, to the formulaton of Mltary Standardsaton Requrements by the SCs and draftng of Standardsaton Objectves. The NSSG wll be supported by NSSG Workng Groups to undertake specfic standardsaton tasks. Tasking Authorities Working Groups Workng Groups responsble for producng and mantanng the standards as drected by ther parent TA. NATO Standardisation Agency (NSA) - A sngle, ntegrated body, composed of mltary and cvlan staff, subordnate to the Councl through the NCS, wth the authorty to co ordnate ssues between all fields of standardsaton. The Jont and Sngle Servce Boards, supported by the NSA, wll each act as a TA, delegated by the MC, for operatonal standardsaton, ncludng doctrne. The NSA wll set out procedures, plannng and executon functons related to standardsaton for applcaton throughout the Allance. It s responsble for the preparaton of the work for the NCS, NCSREPs and NSSG meetngs and wll ensure, wth ts experts n the dfferent fields, centralsed co ordnaton, lason wth and, f requred, support to TAs Workng Groups that develop standards. The Drector of the NSA s responsble for the day to day work of the Polcy and Requrements, Jont, Naval, Army, and Ar and Admn & Support Branches. The Servce Branches provde staff support to ther related Boards and are responsble for montorng and harmonsng standardsaton actvtes n ther area of responsblty. The NSA supports the Jont and the Sngle Servce Boards, each of whch acts as a Taskng Authorty for Operatonal Standardsaton, ncludng doctrne, as delegated by the Mltary Commttee. The Servce Boards are responsble for developng operatonal and procedural standardsaton among member natons. Lke other Taskng Authortes, they do ths by developng applcable STANAGs and Alled Publcatons wth the member natons and NATO Mltary Commands. The Boards, wth one member per naton, are n permanent sesson and meet formally once a month. Decsons are normally reached on the bass of unanmty. However, as standardsaton s a voluntary process, agreements may also be based on majorty decsons of the natons that are partcpatng n any partcular Standardsaton Agreement. The SCs have a staff representatve on each Board.
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Service Boards The three Sngle Servce Boards consst of members of the approprate Servces of the NATO natons and the NATO Strategc Commands; Belgum represents Luxembourg. Whle most Board Members are on the staff of ther Mltary Representatve at NATO HQ, those from Belgum, Denmark, the Netherlands and the Unted Kngdom are based at ther respectve Mnstres of Defence. The Unted States have a separate NSA delegaton at NATO HQ. Decsons are normally reached on the bass of unanmty. However, as standardsaton s a voluntary process, agreements may also be based on majorty decsons. The Joint Service Board (JSB) deals wth jont and overarchng operatonal standardsaton polcy matters, affectng two or more Servces. It manages workng groups dealng wth alled jont operatons doctrne, nformaton exchange requrement/message text format harmonzaton, jont ntellgence ssues and envronmental protecton. The Naval Board manages workng groups dealng wth martme operatons, amphbous operatons, helcopter operatons from shps other than arcraft carrers, mne warfare, naval ammunton nterchangeablty, martme logstcs, naval control of shppng, rado and radar radaton hazards, replenshment at sea, submarne escape and rescue, underwater dvng and very shallow water mne countermeasure operatons. The Army Board manages workng groups dealng wth land operatons, artllery, combat engneerng, explosve ordnance dsposal, medcal standardsaton, helcopter operatons, ammunton nterchangeablty, logstcs doctrne, asset trackng, materals handlng/dstrbuton, movements and transport, range safety, nbc defence operatons and nbc medcal operatons. The Air Board manages workng groups dealng wth ar operatons and all aspects of operatonal doctrne, ar transport, ar armaments, arcraft/arcrew ntegraton, aeromedcal, ar reconnassance, arcraft servcng and standard equpment, arfield servces, avoncs systems, flght safety, arcraft gaseous systems, nterservce geographc, search and rescue, crash fire-fightng and rescue and, ar electrcal and electromagnetc consderatons. REFERENCES. C-M(2000)54 NATO Polcy for Standardsaton AAP-3 P rocedures for the Development, Preparaton, Producton and the Upgradng of NATO Standardsaton Agreements (STANAGs) and Alled Publcatons (APs) N ATO Standardsaton Agreements and Alled Publcatons

AAP-4

ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 4

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER ACCS ACO ACROSS ACT AGARD APs C3 CNAD CP CPs CPG CRO CS CSS DPC DPQ DRC DRR EU HQs IC IMS IS IT JOA Ar, Command and Control System Alled Command Operatons Alled Command Resource Optmsaton Software System Alled Command Transformaton Advsory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Alled Publcatons Consultaton, command and control Conference of Natonal Armament Drectors Capabltes Package Capablty Packages Comprehensve Poltcal Gudance Crss Response Operaton Combat Support Combat Servce Support Defence Plannng Commttee Defence Plannng Questonnare Defence Revew Commttee Defence Requrement Revew European Unon Headquarters Infrastructure Commttee Internatonal Mltary Staff Internatonal Staff Informaton Technology Jont Operaton Area
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ANNEX A

JSB LLTI LOGFS LOGFS IM WG LOG IMG LOGIS MBC MC MG MTRP NAC NACMA NAC(R) NADC NAEW NAMs NC3A NC3B NCS NCSA NDMC NFS NPC NPG NSA NSIP NSO NSP NSSG OPLAN

Jont Servce Board Long Lead Tme Items Logstc Functonal Servces Logstc Functonal Servces Informaton Management Workng Group Logstcs Informaton Management Group Logstcs Informaton System Mltary Budget Commttee Mltary Commttee Mnsteral Gudance The Medum-Term Resource Plan North Atlantc Councl (or Councl) NATO ACCS Management Agency Renforced North Atlantc Councl NATO Ar Defence Commttee NATO Arborne Early Warnng System NATO Mltary Authortes NATO C3 Agency NATO Consultaton Command and Control Board NATO Commttee for Standardsaton NATO Communcaton and Informaton Systems Servces Agency NATO Defence Manpower Commttee NATO Force Structure NATO Ppelne Commttee Nuclear Plannng Group NATO Standardsaton Agency NATO Securty Investment Programme NATO Standardsaton Organsaton NATO Standardsaton Programme NATO Standardsaton Staff Group Operaton Plan
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PARP PfP PMR PSOs SCEPC SDOS SNLC SPG SPM II SPOW SRB STANAGs TAs TOA V&O

PfP Plannng and Revew Process Partnershp for Peace Prncpal Mltary Requrements Peace Support Operatons Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee Standard Days of Supply Senor NATO Logstcans Conference Stockple Plannng Gudance Sustanment Plannng Module II Scentfic Program of Work Senor Resource Board NATO Standardsaton Agreements Taskng Authortes Transfer of Authorty NATO Logstcs Vson and Objectves

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CHAPTER 5
OPERATIONAL LOGISTIC PLANNING

Maintenance Afloat A frigate and an oiler taking advantage of a tenders maintenance capabilities

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OPERATIONAL LOGISTIC PLANNING Every unit that is not supported is a defeated unit. - Maurice de Saxe: Mes Rveries XIII, 1732 INTRODUCTION The logstc operatonal plannng for potental or specfic operatons s part of the overall NATO operatonal plannng process. Ths process s outlned n MC 133/3, explaned n general n AJP-1 and descrbed n detaled B-SC Gudelnes for Operatonal Plannng (GOP). The GOP s avalable on CRONOS at http://cww. shape.nato.nt/ops-global/Documents/GOP/GOPTOC.html. The Operatonal Logstcs Plannng Course at the NATO School (Oberammergau) provdes useful tranng on the plannng process. Fgure 5-1 outlnes ths plannng process.

CHAPTER 5

KEY PLANNING DOCUMENTS The key documents produced durng operatonal plannng are the Concept of Operatons (CONOPS), the Operaton Plan (OPLAN) and the Contngency Plan (COP). The J41 staff must work closely wth the other J Staff throughout the entre operatonal plannng process to ensure that the man plan and the J4 portons are realstc and properly co ordnated. The partcpatng natons must be nvolved n the plannng process as soon as permsson s gven. An OPLAN wll contan
1) J4 is the Joint Staff dealing with Logistics. The list of Joint Staffs is attached at Annex B.

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a Logstc Annex R wth Medcal Appendx, Movements Annex S, and Engneer Annex EE. LOGISTIC SUPPORT GUIDELINES At all plannng levels, t s necessary to study the stuaton, especally the poltcal and mltary stuaton and the geography of the theatre, and then combne ths wth operatons gudance n order to define the logstc support concept. Ths general concept, usually contaned n paragraph 4 of the CONOPS and OPLAN, s developed by the J4 and promulgates the Commanders ntent of the way n whch to provde logstc support. Ths concept may nclude: - he major peculartes of the theatre and how they can affect t logstcs; - the approxmate logstc forces and capabltes requred; - the lkelhood of Host Naton Support (HNS); - he lkely natons to partcpate and possblty of multnatonal and t jont logstcs; and - he general requrement for LLN, LRSN, MILUs/MIMUs, or contractor t support.

LOGISTIC PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Multinational Logistics Early use of multnatonal logstcs can save the cost of deployng and mantanng personnel and equpment. Multinational Joint Logistic Centre (MJLC) If a MJLC s establshed, ths entty wll be the focal pont for dentficaton, deconflcton, and co-ordnaton of major logstcs requrements for both NATO Jont Force Headquarters (HQs) and partcpatng natons. Movement Planning The deployment nto theatre wll place a heavy ntal workload on Movement and Transportaton (M&T) staff that must be kept fully nformed durng the operatonal plannng process. Medical Planning Medcal support s crtcal to all natons and must be co ordnated to avod duplcaton of expensve equpment and hghly traned personnel. The preservaton of combat strength by emergency medcal and surgcal servces s crucal. Supply and Maintenance Planning The Sustanablty Statement ncludes the Days of Supply (DOS) to be held n theatre.
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Role of Host Nation Support (HNS) in Logistic Support Planning Gudance on HNS plannng s contaned n MC 334/2 and AJP-4.5(A). The avalablty of HNS s a key factor n Logstc Support Plannng. It wll determne the sze and scope of support requred and wll contrbute sgnficantly to the overall plannng process. HNS plannng should be conducted concurrently wth the preparaton of operatonal plans. The avalablty of exstng HNS arrangement, Memorandum of Understandng (MOU) and blateral agreements wll need to be consdered n the development of plans. NAC or MC taskng to SCs may nclude full authorsaton for ACO to negotate HNS arrangements. All negotatons should be conducted by an experenced team of personnel coverng all dscplnes ncludng CIMIC, nfrastructure, finance, purchasng and contractng, engneerng, medcal, transportaton and real estate, as requred. Infrastructure Planning Part of the engneers task wll be to establsh base camps and to facltate Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement (RSOM). Contracting and Funding J4 wll need to work closely wth J8 to arrange contracts for requred servces not provded by mltary means. Participation of Non-NATO Nations The partcpaton of non-NATO natons n NATO led operatons s lkely to contnue. A hgh level of co-operaton and co-ordnaton s requred to ensure that those natons unfamlar wth NATO procedures are ntegrated as quckly and as fully as prevalng crcumstances permt. Ths must start wth the plannng process. The certficaton of non-NATO partcpants n any operaton wll be completed as early as possble and non-NATO natons may requre specal assstance to arrange logstc support. Concluding the Operation/Exercise Re-deployment may nvolve envronmental ssues, real estate management, repackagng of ammunton, stocks and equpment, accountng for and dsposal of NATO owned equpment. Co-ordination with National Support Elements (NSEs) Most natons wll have a NSEs and/or a Natonal Command Element (NCE) provdng specfic natonal logstcs support. It wll be necessary for the NATO logstc commander to have oversght of these organsatons, partly through LOGREP and may nvolve logstc evaluaton and assessment pror to deployment. NATO must encourage natons to mnmse the sze of the logstc footprnt caused by large NSEs through sharng logstc capabltes and multnatonal logstc arrangements.

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Co-ordination with International Organisations (IOs) and NonGovernmental Organisations (NGOs) Wth the help of J9, t may be necessary to work wth IOs such as the UN, OSCE or the Red Cross and varous NGOs such as Mdecns sans Frontres. Phases of the Operation There are dfferent logstc requrements durng each phase of an operaton, whch must each be carefully planned. Reception, Staging and Onward Movement RSOM s the phase of the deployment process that transtons unts, personnel, equpment and materel from arrval at Ports of Debarkaton (PODs) to ther final destnaton. Although RSOM s an operatonal matter, t requres the provson of a sgnficant degree of logstc support. RSOM plannng and executon requres therefore consderable ntegraton wth logstc support, M&T, and HNS plannng. The NATO Commander wll consder the avalablty of Host Naton Support (HNS), whch can provde nfrastructure and servces to facltate RSOM. Where a HN does not exst or cannot provde the requred RSOM support, the NATO Commander, n order to ensure that requrements are met, should seek logstc support unts for RSOM support through the force plannng and generaton processes, or request one or several natons to assume responsblty as Logstc Lead Naton on behalf of deployng NATO forces. FORCE GENERATION PROCESS Combined Joint Statement of Requirements (CJSOR) Whle the OPLAN s beng developed, there s a parallel force generaton process to provde the requred forces from NATO and non-NATO countres. The CJSOR provdes a lst of the troops and key equpment/capablty requred and the naton(s) offerng to fill each seral. Contrbutng natons are responsble for fundng and arrangng logstc support for ther CJSOR unts. J4 staff may become nvolved n helpng to arrange multnatonal logstc support, partcularly for small or non-NATO force contrbutons. Crisis Establishment (CE) The CE provdes the organsaton and the lst of postons requred n the deployed HQ. Part of the CE costs s supported by the NATO common fundng system. The Allance provdes logstc support for the CE. LOGISTIC REPORTING (LOGREP) The requrement for SCs to call for logstcs reports s outlned n MC 53/2. To that end, the SCs have ntroduced a logstc reportng system to provde and ensure logstc nformaton and accurate data n tme, ncludng reports pror to Transfer of Authorty (TOA). The B-SC Reportng Drectve Volume V, Logstcs Reports (BI-SCD 80-3 Vol V), gves the necessary gudance at the level of the SCs. Its procedures and formats are applcable to all servces - Ar, Army and Martme - n peace, crss,
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war and operatons other than war, and also allow easy adopton by non-NATO natons, when requred. The majorty of the logstc reports n ths drectve halps a NATO Commander provde an assessment of logstc capabltes and concerns or exchange nformaton wth natons for logstc management purposes. Subordnate headquarters are authorsed to supplement the BI-SCD 80-3 Vol V for ther operatonal needs. For current operatons, the logstc reportng requrements wll usually be stated n the ANNEX CC (Documentaton, Records and Reports) to the OPLAN or n a supplement to the OPLAN usng the B-SCD 80-3 Vol V as the bass. The LOGUPDATE s a key logstc report n B-SCD 80-3 Vol V whch, n general, replaces all former statstcal reports. The purpose of the LOGUPDATE s to provde NATO Commanders wth a dynamc update of changes to core database nformaton on stockples of specfic equpment and consumable materel held by natonal forces declared to NATO, as well as specfied equpment and materel held by natons n support of such forces. CIVIL SUPPORT TO THE MILITARY Lessons learned from operatons n the Balkans and Afghanstan reveal that NATO Commanders have to be prepared to utlse cvlan capabltes to support the msson. HNS, contractor support and the cvl support capabltes provded by NATO Agences such as NAMSA, form the bass of the cvl logstc support capabltes from whch the NATO Commander can draw. Addtonally, useful expertse can be drawn from the Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttees (SCEPC) Plannng Boards and Commttees (PB&Cs). At ts Autumn 2003 Plenary sesson, the SCEPC examned the possblty of cvl support for non-Artcle 5 CROs and, n consequence, developed a Cvl Capabltes Catalogue n 2004 to nform the NMAs of the cvl expertse that can be made avalable to Commanders through the SCEPC. Examples of Potential PB&C Support to Military The Civil Aviation Planning Committee (CAPC) provdes nformaton on commercal ar transport capabltes that could be used n the deployment of NATO forces, and suggests optons offerng an efficent and cost effectve approach. The CAPC can also evaluate complex avaton ssues aganst the backdrop of natonal and nternatonal laws and regulatons. The Planning Board for Inland Surface Transport (PBIST) can make avalable nformaton on ral transport capabltes that could be used n the deployment of NATO forces. The PBIST can also ntate studes to examne potental surface transport Lnes of Communcaton (LOCs) to support NATO operatng forces. The Planning Board for Ocean Shipping (PBOS) serves as the NATO focal pont for advce and assstance on the protecton of cvlan martme assets aganst acts of terrorsm. PBOS also supports the NATO Shppng Centre, whch was actvated n October 2001 to support the NATO Naval forces deployed n the Eastern Medterranean by montorng the marne traffic n the Suez Canal.
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Moreover, PBOS ntated the development of a study n support of Operaton ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR, settng out arrangements and sources to obtan nformaton on shp movements n the Medterranean and Strats of Gbraltar. REFERENCES MC 133/3 NATOs Operatons Plannng System MC 327/2 ATO Mltary Polcy for non Artcle 5 Crss Response Operatons N AJP 4 Alled Jont Logstcs Doctrne Functonal Plannng Gude Logstcs FPG(Log)

RPG(Log) Regonal Plannng Gude Logstcs ANNEXES A Acronyms used n ths chapter B Jont Staff Structure

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ANNEX A to Chapter 5

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER CAPC CE CIMIC CJSOR CONOPS COP CRO DOS GOP HNS HQs IOs LLN LOGREP LRSN MCE MILUs MIMUs MJLC MOU M&T NGOs NMAs NSE OPLAN PB&Cs Cvl Avaton Plannng Commttee Crss Establshment Cvl-Mltary Co operaton Combned Jont Statement Of Requrements Concept of Operatons Contngency Plan Crss Response Operaton Days of Supply Gudelnes for Operatonal Plannng Host Naton Support Headquarters Internatonal Organsatons Logstcs Lead Naton Logstc Reportng Logstcs Role Specalst Naton Multnatonal Command Element Multnatonal Integrated Logstcs Unts Multnatonal Integrated Medcal Unts Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre Memorandum of Understandng Movement and Transportaton Non-Governmental Organsatons NATO Mltary Authortes Natonal Support Element Operaton Plan Plannng Boards and Commttees
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ANNEX A

PBIST PBOS PODs RSOM SCEPC

Plannng Board for Inland Surface Transport Plannng Board for Ocean Shppng Ports of Debarkaton Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttees

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ANNEX B to Chapter 5

JOINT STAFF STRUCTURE J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 Personnel Intellgence Operatons Logstcs Plans & Polcy CIS Exercses BUDFIN CIMIC

ANNEX B

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CHAPTER 6
NATO LOGISTIC POLICIES AND CONCEPTS

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NATO LOGISTIC POLICIES AND CONCEPTS The only thing harder than getting a new idea into the military mind is to get an old one out. - B.H. Liddell Hart, date unknown INTRODUCTION The Allances new Strategc Concept and emergng concepts such as the Combned Jont Task Force (CJTF), NATOs nvolvement n CROs and an everexpandng range of actvtes brngng Alled and Partner natons nto closer co operaton, demand responsve, flexble and nteroperable logstc support. The Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC) has developed a vson for NATO logstcs desgned to meet the challenge: the prncple of collectve responsblty n logstcs between NATO and the natons. NATOs Polcy for Co operaton n Logstcs (C M(2001)44) establshes a common vson across the whole spectrum of logstcs to enhance co-operaton and the overall logstc posture of the Allance. NATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs (C M(2003)101)1 s the keystone polcy document that establshes the prncple of collectve responsblty for logstc support between natons and NATO and gves the NATO Commander the necessary authorty for the executon of hs new responsbltes n logstcs. Based upon these overarchng polcy documents, specfic polces have been developed by the SNLC n the areas of readness and sustanablty2, Host Naton Support (HNS)3, nfrastructure engneerng for logstcs4 and Movement and Transportaton (M&T)5, whle the Commttee of the Chefs of the Mltary Medcal Servces (COMEDS) has developed polces for medcal support6. On the bass of polces for multnatonalty n Allance logstcs, the SCs turned ther attenton to ther mplementaton by developng jont logstc doctrne. The B-SC Doctrne Commttee has developed AJP-4(A) as the keystone logstc doctrnal publcaton and, together wth the B-SC M&T Forum and the B-SC Medcal Advsory Group, t has elaborated a seres of subordnate level documents coverng specfic areas of logstcs. The MC servce boards have developed sngle servce logstc doctrne and a broad range of logstc tactcs, technques and procedures. The SCs then develop mplementng drectves and plannng gudance. The figure presented hereafter llustrates the structure of logstc polcy and gudance wthn NATO. Ths chapter descrbes the herarchy of logstc polces, doctrne, technques and procedures. It also summarses the mportant ponts to be drawn from overarchng logstc polcy and doctrne.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Within the NATO military structure, designated as MC 319/2 DPC-D(2002)2 [MC 0055/4] C-M(2000)56-REV1 [MC 0334/2] C-M(2005)0100 [MC 534] C-M(2002)10 [MC 0336/2] MC 0326/2

CHAPTER 6

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HIERARCHY OF LOGISTIC POLICIES AND DOCTRINE The structure of logstcs polces and doctrnes s dsplayed below:

NATO Logistic Policy documents are developed at the hghest NATO levels. NATO Commttees, such as the SNLC, submt recommendatons for approval to the Mltary Commttee (MC) followed by notaton or approval by the North Atlantc Councl (NAC), as approprate. Generally, logstc polces are approved by both the MC and the NAC. Strategc level logstc polces are then publshed as Councl Memoranda (C M) and MC documents, and nclude: - C-M(2001)44 NATO Polcy for Cooperaton n Logstcs - C 055/4 M - MC 319/2 - MC 326/2 - MC 334/2 - MC 336/2 NATO Logstc Readness and Sustanablty Polcy7; N ATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs8; M edcal Support Precepts and Gudance for NATO; N ATO Prncples and Polces for Host Naton Support (HNS)9; N ATO Prncples and Polces for Movement and Transportaton10;

7) 8) 9)

DPC-D(2002)2 C-M(2003)101 C-M(2000)56-REV1

10) C-M(2002)10

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- MC 343/111 ATO Mltary Assstance to Internatonal Dsaster Relef N Operatons - MC 52612 - MC 53313 L ogstcs Support concept for NATO Response Force Operatons N ATO Prncples and Polces for the Mantenance of Equpment

NATO Doctrine s developed under the authorty of the Taskng Authortes (TAs). The SNLC s the TA for Jont Logstcs Doctrne. The Standardsaton Servce Boards are the TAs on behalf of the MC for sngle-servce logstcs doctrne. The Taskng Authortes task the LCB (Logstcs Co ordnaton Board), the Movement and Transportaton Forum (M&TF), the Medcal Advsory Group (MEDAG) and approprate Standarsaton Servce Board Workng Groups to develop ther respectve doctrne. HQ SACT s the lead SC for developng and mantanng jont logstcs doctrne and SHAPE wll support the development. Support s also requred from NATO HQ, Regonal Commands HQs, ther Component Commands HQs and the natons to properly perform ths functon. The support requred of NATO HQs and Natons specfically ncludes ther partcpaton n workng groups, doctrne co-ordnaton meetngs and the draftng of assgned doctrnes. Allied Joint Logistic Doctrine documents are dstrbuted as Allied Joint Publications (AJPs). The AJPs provde foundatonal logstc doctrne, under whch more detaled logstc technques and procedures are establshed. The followng AJPs are presently developed and promulgated: - AJP-4(A) - AJP-4.4 - AJP-4.5 - AJP-4.6 - AJP-4.7 - AJP-4.9 - AJP-4.10 Alled Jont Logstcs Doctrne Alled Jont Movement & Transportaton Doctrne A lled Jont Host Naton Support Doctrne & Procedures Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre POL Doctrne Modes of Multnatonal Logstc Support Alled Jont Medcal Support Doctrne

Allied Logistic Publications (ALP) are supportng component/servce to Multnatonal Logstcs Doctrne. Wthn the AJP-4 herarchy of documents the followng seres of Logstc Doctrnal publcatons have been developed or ntated for development as lsted below: - ALP-4.1 - ALP-4.2 - ALP-4.3 Multnatonal Martme Logstc Doctrne Land Forces Logstc Doctrne Ar Forces Doctrne & Procedures, Ar Logstcs

11) C-M(2002)35 12) SG(2005)0478 13) C-M(2005)100

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Logistic Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) consttute detaled procedural documents that are publshed prmarly as Strategc Command Drectves and NATO Standardsaton Agreements (STANAGs). Logstc related STANAGs can be found on the NATO Standardsaton Agency webste. NATO Logistic Planning Guidance s generally developed at SCs level and below and nclude the logstc elements of General Operatonal Plans (GOP) and other logstc functonal plannng. NATO POLICY FOR CO-OPERATION IN LOGISTICS The 2001 NATO Polcy for Co-operaton n Logstcs provdes the bass for enhanced multnatonal co-operaton n logstcs n NATO. The framework for the mplementaton of ths polcy, whle respectng the responsbltes of the dfferent NATO logstc and logstc related bodes, s the Concept for Co-operaton n Logstcs. The mechansms used to mplement co-operaton wth other bodes have been ntegrated n the NATO Logstcs Vson and Objectves process that s descrbed n detals n Chapter 4. NATO Concept for Co-Operation in Logistics The NATO Concept for Co-operaton n Logstcs provdes the framework for managng co-operaton n logstcs and establshes the lnk between: the natons, the dfferent NATO logstcs and logstc related bodes; and the plannng processes used by the dfferent NATO logstcs and logstc related bodes. The three basc elements of the concept are ts consoldated conceptual bass14, whch conssts of: - he Allances polcy and gudance documents that drect and nfluence t NATO logstcs n ther own domans; - he Co-operaton Enablers whch are the tools (polcy, doctrne, t actvtes, systems, standards, procedures and capabltes) that facltate and promote co operaton n logstcs; and - armonsaton, Co-ordnaton and Control Mechansm (HCCM) whch H s the formal mechansm through whch co-operaton objectves and enablers are contnuously dentfied and managed, enablers are put n place and objectves are acheved.

NATO PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES FOR LOGISTICS All of the logstc polcy documents lsted above promulgate prncples and polces for logstcs. Whle most focus on a functonal area of logstcs, such as medcal support or movement and transportaton, only MC 0319/2 promulgates broad prncples and polces applcable to all of logstcs. In consequence, the remander of ths chapter wll focus on these.

14) The enablers have the requirements in the NATO logistic Vision and Objectives (V&O) process.

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LOGISTIC PRINCIPLES Collective Responsibility. Natons and NATO authortes have a collectve responsblty for the logstc support of the Allances multnatonal operatons. Ths collectve responsblty encourages natons and NATO to co-operatvely share the provson and use of logstc capabltes and resources to support the force effectvely and efficently. Standardsaton, co-operaton and multnatonalty n logstcs buld together the bass for flexble and efficent use of logstc support, thereby contrbutng to the operatonal success. Authority. There s an essental nterdependence between responsblty and authorty. The responsblty assgned to any NATO Commander must be matched wth the delegaton of authorty by natons and NATO to allow the adequate dscharge of responsbltes. The NATO Commander at the approprate level must be gven sufficent authorty over the logstc resources necessary to enable hm to receve, employ, sustan and re-deploy forces assgned to hm by natons n the most effectve manner. The same should apply for non-NATO Commanders of multnatonal forces partcpatng n a NATO led operaton. Primacy of Operational Requirements. All logstc support efforts, from both mltary and cvl sectors, should be focused to satsfy the operatonal requrements necessary to guarantee the success of the msson. Co operation. Co-operaton amongst the natons and NATO s essental. Co-operaton across the full spectrum of logstcs, ncludng between the cvlan and mltary sector wthn and among natons, wll contrbute to the best use of lmted resources. For non-Artcle 5 CRO, ths co-operaton must be extended to non-NATO natons, and other relevant organsatons, as requred. Co ordination. Logstcs support must be co-ordnated amongst natons and between NATO and natons at all levels. It must also be carred out wth non-NATO natons and other relevant organsatons, as requred. Generc and standng pre-arranged agreements are the tools to facltate logstc co-ordnaton and co-operaton. The overall responsblty for co-ordnaton les wth NATO and should be conducted as a matter of routne. Assured Provision. Natons and NATO must ensure, ndvdually or collectvely, the provson of logstc resources to support forces allocated to NATO durng peace, crss and conflct. Sufficiency. Logstc support must be avalable n the approprate quantty and qualty, at the approprate notce, when and where t s requred throughout the full spectrum of the Allances possble mssons. It must be ensured for any NATOled operaton contnuously and for the duraton requred to accomplsh the msson. Efficiency. Logstc resources must be used as efficently and economcally as possble. Needs must be dentfied n a tmely manner to optmse the efficent provson and effectve use of such resources. Flexibility. Logstc support must be proactve, adaptable and responsve to acheve the objectve. Adequate plannng, whch consders potentally changng crcumstances, enhances flexblty.
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Visibility and Transparency. Vsblty and transparency15 of logstc resources are essental for effectve logstc support. NATO Commanders requre a tmely and accurate exchange of nformaton16 among natons and NATO to prortse consgnment movement nto and wthn the JOA to allow for redrecton n accordance wth agreements between the Commander and Natonal Support Elements (NSEs), and to effectvely employ logstc assets wthn the Jont Operatons Area (JOA). LOGISTICS POLICIES General Logstc support should be provded by balancng the peacetme provson and locatons of logstc assets and conflct consumables wth the ablty to re supply and renforce to ensure tmely and contnuous support. Ths must nclude approprate arrangements for non-Artcle 5 CRO. Responsibility NATO and natons have a collectve responsblty for logstcs. Wthn ths context, natons have the ultmate responsblty for equppng ther forces and for ensurng, ndvdually or by co-operatve arrangements, the provson of requred logstc resources to support the forces assgned to NATO durng peace, crss and conflct. Natons are responsble for ensurng that those unts and formatons assgned to NATO are properly supported by an effectve and efficent msson talored logstc structure. Lastly, natons retan control over ther own resources, untl such tme as they are released to NATO by agreed mechansms for the Transfer of Authorty (TOA). The NATO Commander assumes control of commonly provded resources as drected and s responsble for ther logstc support. The NATO Commander s responsble for establshng the logstc requrements for all phases of an operaton, and for the co-ordnaton of logstc plannng and support wthn hs area of responsblty. The NATO Commander s responsble for the development and promulgaton of a logstc support plan that sustans the operatonal plan. Ths plan must dentfy the structures and procedures requred to reduce competton for scarce resources by natons and NATO HQs and nclude, n close co-operaton wth natons, the mplementaton of the dfferent modes of logstc support. The NATO Commander must ensure that the logstc force structure and the approprate Command and Control (C2) arrangements have been establshed and are capable of supportng the operaton. The NATO Commander also co-ordnates support among contrbutng natons and wth the host naton and retans the responsblty for co ordnatng the overall logstc effort, even when partcpatng natons rely solely on natonal logstcs.
15) Regarding preliminary inspection and control (certification), French formations retained as part of the NRF or High Readiness Forces are submitted to the normal process of certification. Specific technical agreements are normally established between ACO and CHOD FR on the hand-over conditions of these units to NATO. Broader authority is not accepted unless special arrangements are in-place. 16) With respect to logistic or resources reporting, FR will report on the situation of units within the multinational chain of command or performing multinational general support (e.g. LLN/LRSN). NSEs will not provide reports unless specific arrangements have been established.

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Approprate responsbltes should also be granted to a non-NATO Commander of a multnatonal force wthn a NATO-led operaton. Vce versa, the NATO Commanders responsbltes wll also apply for non-NATO natons troop contngents wthn NATO-led operatons. Authority MC 319/2 grants the NATO Commander the key authorty enablng hm to ensure that hs force s properly supported, and to establsh a support organsaton to meet the operatonal requrement. Logstc command structures must provde the NATO Commander at the approprate level wth the authorty to support the force by usng n-JOA logstc resources, wth the pror concurrence of natons. Hs key authortes allow hm to: - ommand common funded logstc resources and assume operatonal c control of Multnatonal Integrated Logstc Unts (MILUs) and other assgned logstc assets, as drected; - edstrbute the logstc assets of natons for the support of the forces r n accordance wth pre-agreed terms and condtons; and - nspect17 and requre reports on the quantty and qualty of specfied  logstc assets desgnated to support the forces that wll be under hs command. For non-NATO natons, ths wll nclude the certficaton of logstc unts pror to the deployment and nspecton as requred of specfied logstc assets.

These key authortes also apply to non-NATO Commanders of a multnatonal force partcpatng n a NATO led operaton. Logistic Planning in Defence Planning Logstc plannng s an ntegral part of defence plannng18 through the force plannng process and Partnershp Plannng and Revew Process (PARP). It s the level at whch the cvl and mltary logstc capabltes requred to deploy, sustan and re deploy Allance forces s dentfied by the SCs n consultaton wth natons. The resultng logstc support concepts, structure and procedures must be talored to the respectve forces and ther related employment optons. The SCs must ensure tmely and proper ncluson of requrements for logstc forces and capabltes n the force plannng process so that natons, ncludng PARP natons, can agree to acqure and provde them to the Allance for ts use durng NATO-led operatons. The authorty, responsblty and fundng for multnatonal logstc arrangements are to be establshed durng the operatonal plannng process. To support natons generc and long term stockple plannng wthn the overall Defence Plannng Process, the SCs are responsble for developng stockple requrements n consultaton wth natons and publshng them n the
17) See footnote 2. 18) France is not part of NATO defence planning.

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B-SC Stockple Plannng Gudance (SPG). The B-SC SPG s harmonsed wth the NATO force plannng process and should provde adequate gudance for all classes of supply. However, where no such gudance can be gven, natonal plannng factors should apply. Logistic Planning in Operational Planning Logstc operatonal plannng s embedded n MC 133/3, NATOs Operatonal Plannng System. The level of detal s related to the plannng category and the level of responsblty. Logstc support concepts and structures must be talored to the respectve forces and ther mssons. All logstc functons, descrbed later n ths document, are vtal and ndspensable parts of the plannng process. To acheve the desred level of multnatonalty, natonal and NATO logstc plannng must be harmonsed from the start of the operatonal plannng process. The force generaton process must take nto consderaton the dfferent levels of standardsaton. Logstc operatonal plannng should consder the contrbutons of non-NATO natons and other organsatons. Logistic Command and Control (C2) Logstc support to NATO forces must be as effectve and efficent as possble. Therefore, natons must provde NATO Commanders wth the logstc C2 authorty and capabltes they requre assumng ther responsbltes throughout all the phases of an operaton. It ncludes co-ordnaton, prortsaton and deconflcton of logstcs and Operatonal Control (OPCON) over logstc unts that are allocated n the JOA, such as MILUs and specfic logstc support unts dentfied and provded by natons through the force generaton process. Ths wll ensure that effectve logstcs to support the operaton can be planned for and executed. The assets belongng to the natonal support chan, whch ncludes the unts performng Logstc Lead Naton (LLN) and Logstc Role Specalst Naton (LRSN) mssons, normally reman under natonal command unless there s a specfic dsposton n the TOA message or specal arrangement related to fundng. Logistic Readiness and Sustainability Logstc sustanablty must support NATOs Level of Ambton as defined n the Defence Plannng Mnsteral Gudance. Natonal and NATO logstc plans must ensure that sufficent quantty and qualty of logstc resources are avalable at or above the readness and deployablty level of the forces they support. These logstc resources must cover the entre msson spectrum. Co operation in Logistics Co operaton n logstcs should be consdered as the most efficent means to meet logstc resource requrements. Measures that enhance the overall efficency of logstc support nclude the whole range of multnatonal support optons, ndustral contracts, leasng, common or multnatonal procurement, pre-postonng, poolng and sharng wth other natons, as well as arrangements for the co-operatve acquston and management of certan logstc stocks. A framework and further gudelnes formng the bass for co operaton n logstcs
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are lad down n Reference I, whch seeks to enhance co-operaton by establshng a common vson across the full spectrum of logstcs to provde the best support to the Allance. Redistribution of Logistic Resources Natons have first call on the logstc resources ntegral to ther forces. However, under exceptonal crcumstances, the NATO Commander may drect the redstrbuton of natonal logstc resources to overcome unantcpated deficences. Redstrbuton s not ntended to redress natonal stockple shortages. Natons are requred to sustan forces as prescrbed n MC 55 seres. Logstc resources are capabltes that could be made up of equpment, personnel, supples, and servces. Logstc assets are subsumed nto logstc resources and vewed as materel, spares, stocks and consumable tems. Personnel are lmted to those n exstng logstc organsatons and should be redstrbuted as a servce. All these may be consdered for redstrbuton by the NATO Commander f deemed essental for operatonal msson accomplshment. Logstc resources held by unts under multnatonal OPCON are subject to redstrbuton wthn the lmtatons stated n the TOA message. Resources wthn the NSE or any other logstc resources declared unavalable by natons, are not subject to redstrbuton. However, ths does not preclude the NATO Commander from requestng assstance from a natonal contngent (or NSE) commander, f deemed necessary. Whle all NATO Commanders have logstc responsbltes and authortes, redstrbuton authorty s lmted to Jont Force Commanders, Ar, Land and Martme Component Commanders, and to those Commanders ncludng thos commandng assgned multnatonal unts who have delegatons n lne wth the TOA arrangements. The redstrbuton authorty granted to a NATO Commander generally comes nto effect upon TOA. Pror to effectng redstrbuton f tme allows or as soon as practcal afterwards, the NATO Commander shall advse the affected natonal authortes and approprate NATO Commanders of the redstrbuton acton(s). Upon determnaton that redstrbuton s requred, the NATO Commander shall drect applcable subordnate commanders of natonal elements to effect the transfer of the logstc resources. As soon as the operatonal stuaton permts, the logstc resources transferred under ths authorty wll be replaced by recevng natons or, f agreed by the natons nvolved, rembursed. Multinational Logistics Multnatonal logstcs s descrbed n detals n Chapter 7. Funding / Resources Provision Natons are responsble for the deployment, sustanment and redeployment of ther forces. Natonal logstc resources are procured and mantaned for that purpose at natonal expense, although co-operatve multnatonal arrangements should be taken nto consderaton by natons and the NATO Commander.
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The NATO Commander should establsh resource requrements, ncludng any foreseen exceptons to normal procedures, and obtan the requste fundng authorsatons n the context of the plannng documents. In partcular, requrements to support reconnassance, ntal deployment and HQ set-up should be defined and ncluded n a package of enablng fundng, whch should, n prncple, be avalable at SC Actvaton of Pre-deployment. Strategc nfrastructure may be funded va the NATO Securty Investment Programme (NSIP) dependent on the context of ndvdual projects, whle fundng of Operatons and Mantenance (O&M) costs va the Mltary Budget (MB) should be taken nto consderaton through categorcal budget allocatons. The SCs must determne the Mnmum Mltary Requrements (MMRs). Those that are consdered as strategc nfrastructure may be elgble for common fundng provson. As common fundng of O&M s restrcted to the NATO HQs n the AOR, any common funded contnung actvtes are the responsblty of the NATO HQ. Civil Resources Cvl capabltes may complement those of the mltary. Cvl equpment, goods and servces can be utlsed to provde tmely and effectve logstc support to any NATO or NATO-led operaton. Support can be based on cvl resources only when they securely meet the operatonal requrements of the assgned forces. Centralsed procurement and control of cvl resources should be pursued to acheve better efficency. Natons should have approprate natonal legslaton and other arrangements to facltate the tmely use of cvl resources n peace, crss and conflct. Ths s especally mportant to facltate the rapd deployment of forces. Life Cycle Support A NATO Lfe Cycle Support (LCS) strategy should be used to provde equpment and materel support that meets NATO and natons operatonal requrements n the most efficent manner. Ths provdes NATO wth a force multpler when appled multnatonally. Such a strategy ntegrates acquston and consumer logstc processes nto one seamless process. It must start early n the requrement phase to ensure the greatest mpact on desgn and development to maxmse weapon system avalablty at the most economcal total cost. REFERENCES MC 319/2 NATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs AJP 4(A) Alled Jont Logstc Doctrne

ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 6

AJP AOR CJTF COMEDS CROs C2 GOP HCCM HNS JOA LCB LCS LLN LRSN MC MEDAG MILUs MMRs M&TF NRF NSEs NSIP O&M OPCON PARP SACT

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER Alled Jont Publcatons Area of REsponsblty Combned Jont Task Force Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO Crss Response Operatons Command and Control General Operatonal Plans Harmonsaton, Co-ordnaton and Control Mechansm Host Naton Support Jont Operaton Area Logstcs Co ordnaton Board Lfe Cycle Support Logstc Lead Naton Logstc Role Specalst Naton Mltary Commttee Medcal Advsory Group Multnatonal Integrated Logstc Unts Mnmum Mltary Requrements Movement and Transportaton Forum NATO Response Force Natonal Support Elements NATO Securty Investment Program Operatons and Mantenance Operatonal Control Partnershp Plannng and Revew Process Supreme Alled Commander Transformaton
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ANNEX A

SCs SHAPE SNLC SPG STANAGs TA TOA TTPs

Strategc Commands Supreme Headquarters of Alled Powers n Europe Senor NATO Logstcans Conference Stockple Plannng Gudance Standardsaton Agreements Taskng Authortes Transfer of Authorty Tactcs, Technques and Procedures

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CHAPTER 7
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS

Strategic Air Transport An Antonov 124-100, the strategic airlift workhouse of ongoing NATO operations

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MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS The more I see of war, the more I realize how it all depends on administration and transportation. It takes little skill or imagination to see where you would like your army to be and when; it takes much more knowledge and hard work to know where you can place your forces and whether you can maintain them there. - General Sir A. C. P. Wavell, 1977 NATOS LOGISTIC SUPPORT CONCEPT Multnatonal logstcs s a tool, whch, dependng on the operatonal requrements and the specfic stuaton, can enhance efficency and effectveness. More specfically, the benefits of multnatonal logstcs can be the reducton of the overall costs and of the logstc footprnt, the ablty of natons to contrbute ther far share of support, the mprovement of the forces flexblty, the conservaton of scarce local resources and a better use of specfic natonal expertse. Multnatonal logstcs s not an am n tself. Durng the force plannng and the force generaton process, the applcablty, necessty and benefits of multnatonal logstcs must be consdered. Unlateral natonal logstc decsons could adversely mpact on the effectveness of the NATO Commanders msson. NATO operatonal experence demonstrates that once natonal logstc support structures have been establshed, t s lkely to prove more dfficult to move towards multnatonal logstc solutons. Therefore, multnatonal logstc solutons should be pursued at the outset of the logstc plannng process. Besdes natonal logstc arrangements to support own forces, where ad hoc mutual support may be provded between natons and/or NATO Commanders, there are three types of multnatonal logstcs, lsted n order of ncreased multnatonalty: - re-planned mutual support, HNS, and contractor support to operatons p that are arranged b- or multlaterally by NATO and/or natons; - naton formally undertakes to provde support or servces to all or a part of the multnatonal force, but under natonal command. Taskng authorty wll be the NATO Commander; and - ne or more natons formally undertake to serve all or part of the o multnatonal force, under control of the multnatonal Commander (e.g. MILU).

CHAPTER 7

Multnatonal logstcs can be ether pre-planned or ntroduced durng an operaton as the stuaton evolves. Based on the types above, NATO and natons can decde to apply multnatonal logstcs where t replaces less effectve or efficent natonal solutons. Retanng the overall operatonal responsblty for the specfic mssons, the NATO Commander s well suted to act as broker between natons to facltate such multnatonal arrangements. Ths s usually accomplshed
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through development of approprate Memorandum of Understandng (MOU) or Techncal Agreements detalng the functonal, admnstratve, and resourcerelated mplcatons of such relatonshps. SUPPORT FOR THE NATO RESPONSE FORCE (NRF) The NRF will () give us a highly capable quick-reaction force that is ready for operational deployment wherever required. - (Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, Secretary General of NATO) General The NRF s one of the most ambtous undertakngs that the Allance has ever commtted to. The NRF s NATOs prmary force for conductng expedtonary warfare wthn the Allances terrtory and beyond. Further, the NRF s the engne for NATOs ongong transformaton, gvng mpetus to the development of transformatonal concepts and capabltes. Whle Artcle 5 mssons wthn NATO terrtory remans the foundaton of Allance collectve defence, expedtonary operatons beyond NATOs terrtory have taken on added mportance wth NATOs ongong engagement n Crss Response Operatons (CROs) n Afrca, Asa and Europe. The NRF s the first step enablng NATO to better address ths ssue. The NRF could potentally be employed n a number of dfferent mssons, such as: - ntal entry force nto a hostle envronment, wth or wthout Host  Naton Support; - support to counterterrorsm operatons; - CROs, ncludng peacekeepng; - embargo operatons; - non-combatant evacuaton; - upport to consequence management operatons, ncludng Chemcal, s Bologcal, Radologcal and Nuclear (CBRN) events and humantaran crss stuatons; and - emonstratve force package for dplomatc and/or deterrence d purposes.

The NRF s fundamentally brgade szed wth approprate land, martme, ar and specal operatons forces at graduated readness. The C2 element and the force are at 5 to 30 days Notce to Move (NTM) and, once deployed, capable of standng alone for up to 30 days, and longer f re suppled. The force wll be multnatonal, whch wll not mpar mltary effectveness. The NRF must be robust enough to be employed as ntal entry force n a hostle area and capable of preparng a theatre for follow-on forces.
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A generc NRF Combned Jont Statement of Requrements (CJSOR) has been developed and refined through natonal consensus, wth a vew to provdng natons wth an ndcaton on the type and scale of forces and the capabltes requred: t s the drver for transformaton. There s only one CJSOR to meet all seven NRF mssons as prescrbed n MC 477. The CJSOR s the bass for the producton of a credble, deployable force wth sufficent operatonal flexblty and reslence. It s mportant to understand that the Jont Force Command (JFC) selects the forces requred and talors them to the specfic msson at hand. It s therefore very unlkely that the entre NRF would be employed for any gven msson. For example, the force package for a humantaran msson wll be dfferent from a hostle Intal Entry Operaton. However, the key element must be able to get there quckly. Capabltes are assgned to the NRF through a rotaton cycle, ether by ndvdual natons or collectvely by a group of two or more natons. Each rotaton s planned for 12 months, wth assgned forces generally servng 6 months on duty for land and ar forces, 12 months for martme forces. There s a 6 month work-up and tranng perod before takng up the msson. The three Jont HQs at Brunssum, Naples and Lsbon take t n turn to run a 12 month rotaton and provde the core of the Deployable Jont Task Force (DJTF) HQ that deploys. The pulse of the NRF beats around the NRF rotaton plan. A raft of enablng ntatves underpns the NRFs early rotatons. These ntatves broke new ground and moved away from NATOs statc regonal defence posture to develop NATOs expedtonary capablty and ts ablty to meet the modern global threats. MC 526, Logstcs Support Concept for NRF Operatons, was developed to complete a sute of concept documents addressng readness reportng, new command relatonshps, a certficaton programme ted to the necessary qualfyng crtera and a revew of the capablty packages needed to provde the NRFs requrements. MC 526 Logistic Support Concept for NRF Operations The Logstc Support Concept for NRF Operatons, MC 526, complements MC 477, NATOs overarchng NRF Concept, and dstlls a broad range of NATO Logstc Polces and Prncples nto a forward-lookng concept for definng the specfic modaltes requred to most effectvely support NATO expedtonary operatons. Logstcs s a key enabler for the NRF. In order to acheve the key tenets of deployablty wthn the 30 day tmelne, the logstcs support concept underscores the need to mnmse the logstc footprnt. To ths end, jontness and multnatonalty are essental, but they can only realse benefits from unty of command and proper nformaton management. In addton, usng multnatonal solutons supports natonal requrements, shares burdens and reduces duplcaton. MC 526 sets the precondtons for the provson of logstc support for the NRF and bulds on a C2 structure, wth a Jont Logstc Support Group (JLSG) to provde theatre level logstc capablty for the varous components.

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A key feature of MC 526 s ntegrated logstcs wth the man pllars defined as unty of logstc command, jontness and the optmum adopton of multnatonal logstc solutons. Integrated logstcs ams at generatng, supportng and maxmzng the msson effectveness of the jont force by enablng operatonal reach, facltatng the scheme of maneuver and mantanng desred levels of combat power. MC 526 ncreases the relance on a more centralzed logstc organsaton wth expanded C2 and drect responsblty for the provson of theatre level sustanment. One of the key tenets s the NATO Commander beng able to control the logstc assets, so that he s able to redrect logstc resources to best sut hs operatonal msson. A natural consequence s the utlzaton of multnatonal logstcs solutons thereby reducng Natonal Support Elements (NSEs). To llustrate ths, n Kosovo, the logstc footprnt represents just over 50% of the troops on the ground. Other related benefits nclude efficences n the sustanment of the jont force, enhanced jontness and mproved vsblty over theatre level logstc assets. Most mltary operatons today wll be jont, or are potentally jont n nature. Ths has sgnficant logstc mplcatons and all sustanment solutons must therefore apprecate the complextes of the jont dmenson. Thnkng jont s necessary, even f the msson begns as a sngle component operaton. The key challenge s to establsh the capablty for the applcaton of the requste unty of command over NRF logstcs at theatre level, .e. the JLSG HQ. Establshng ths capablty based on the MJLC as a core nucleus becomes a vtal step n the mplementaton of MC 526. The mplementaton of MC 526 s the man effort n the ongong transformaton of NATO logstc wthn Alled Command Operatons (ACO) and ts success s consdered as a prerequste to multnatonal logstcs n NATO operatons. Although natons fully support MC 526 and acknowledge the logstc operatonal advantages and the sgnficant ncreased efficency that t may brng, ts mplementaton s ncremental rather than Bg Bang.

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The full mplementaton of MC 526 has two fundamental phases: - hase 1: the establshment and tranng of a certfied JLSG HQ; and P - hase 2: the provson, tranng and certficaton of assets for the JLSG P CJSOR.

Phase 2 requres the efforts of both JFCs and natons. ACO s responsble for achevng Phase 1 and makng the JLSG HQ a realty. Phase 1 s a crucal step to convnce natons to contrbute logstc elements to the CJSOR. The successful mplementaton of MC 526 rests squarely on the ablty of ACO to establsh a JLSG HQ from wthn the NCS and should ACO fal meetng ths challenge, the expanson of multnatonal logstc solutons would be more dfficult. MC 551 Medical Support Concept for NRF Operations NRF operatonal employment prncples also demanded changes n the way n whch NATO provdes medcal support to deployed unts. In ths context, pre generaton, tranng and certficaton of NRF unts and hgh readness tmelnes are key. Ths requres hgh transparency and co operaton from Troop Contrbutng Natons, n partcular f Multnatonal Medcal Unts are to be acheved. An NRF Medcal Support Concept (MC 551) has been developed n lne wth the requrements set by MC 477 and MC 526. MC 551 concentrates on the composton and preparaton of the Medcal Task Force for a specfic NRF rotaton. Overall, the changes n plannng and conductng medcal support to NRF and NATO operatons are reflected n the complete re wrte of AJP 4.10(A), Operatonal Medcal Support. The specfic demands of the transformed NATO on the capabltes, capactes and flexblty of NATO medcal unts are beng ncorporated n the NATO force plannng cycle. MC 526 and MC 551 are landmark achevements for the Allance n ts drve to make multnatonal logstc solutons the norm rather than the excepton. The NRF Logstc Concept offers the natons a real potental for resource savngs. However, the key operatonal drver must be to make the NRF a truly agle, lean and deployable force. Ths s the operatonal drver for a more ntegrated and multnatonal logstc construct. The JLSG HQ then becomes the most crtcal enabler n promotng ths ntatve. THE MULTINATIONAL JOINT LOGISTIC CENTRE CONCEPT: AJP-4.6 NATOs new force structures provde a much hgher degree of multnatonalty than durng the cold war perod. Ths apples not only to the number of exstng or emergng multnatonal unts but also to the deeper multnatonal ntegraton at lower levels of command. Consequently, the logstc support system and structures also needed to be adapted to that process. The SCs have developed the MJLC Doctrne n order to assume the enhanced logstc authortes and responsbltes of NATO Commanders and to enable NATO headquarters at the dfferent levels of command to properly co-ordnate the logstc support wthn ther area of responsblty.
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The MJLC s the ogstc pllar of the CJTF (MC 389) whch provdes the structures and procedures that the NATO Commander needs to exercse hs logstc authortes and responsbltes n an effectve and well co-ordnated fashon. Whlst MC 389 provdes a sold foundaton for the establshment of a MJLC, the followng ponts related to ts formaton are salent and key: - Flexibility. The gudng prncple for the formaton of a CJTF HQ and a MJLC s flexblty. Flexblty ncreases the organsatons ablty to respond to changng needs and reduces the response tme. It s mproved by modularty and traned and ready staffs. M - odularity. A modular approach to structurng the MJLC s essental, especally for non-Artcle 5 operatons. Ths ncludes organsatonal templates and modular buldng blocks of MJLC functons, whch may be quckly added, shfted or deleted as the requrements of an operaton change. - Training. No substtute exsts for traned and ready staffs. These must be avalable upon actvaton of an MJLC f the centre s to be ntally effectve. Therefore, parent HQs wll be dentfied to accommodate the MJLC nucleus staff.

MODES OF MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS: AJP-4.9 Logstc support optons for the NATO Commander range from a totally ntegrated multnatonal logstc force to purely natonal support. Normally, the NATO force wll be supported through a combnaton of the varous avalable optons. Regardless, however, of the optons used, natonal and NATO Commanders reman responsble for the sustanment of the forces nvolved. In all cases, the logstc support optons used should be talored to meet the msson requrements and adhere to the logstc prncples set forth n MC 319/2. To supplement purely natonal logstc support, ease the ndvdual natonal burden and acheve ncreased economes of scale, the followng modes of multnatonal logstc support may be mplemented: - lead naton logstc support; - role specalst naton logstc support; - mutual support arrangements; - commonly funded logstc resources; - ultnatonal ntegrated logstc support, arcraft cross servcng; and m - contractng support.

These modes of support can be mplemented at dfferent levels of command and to dfferent degrees. The partes nvolved wll make a case by case decson as to whch, where and when one of these modes s to be mplemented. The approprate NATO Commander may serve as a medator between natons and
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assume a co ordnatng role f requred. All of the above mentoned modes can be used for Artcle 5 and non Artcle 5 operatons and for pre planned contngency operatons, as well as for ad hoc operatons and both wthn and beyond NATOs area of responsblty. Lead Nation Logistic Support One naton, based on capabltes, agrees to assume the responsblty for procurng and provdng a broad spectrum of logstc support for all or a part of the multnatonal force and/or headquarters. In one operaton more than one lead naton can be desgnated to provde a specal range of support wthn a clearly defined functonal and regonal area of responsblty. A lead naton may also assume the responsblty to co ordnate logstcs of other natons wthn ts functonal and regonal area of responsblty. Compensaton and/or rembursement wll then be subject to agreements between the partes nvolved. Role Specialist Nation Logistic Support One naton assumes the responsblty for procurng a partcular class of supply or servce for all or a part of the multnatonal force. If one partcpatng naton has a partcular and unque logstc strength, capablty for common supples and servces should always be consdered. Compensaton and/or rembursement wll be subject to agreements between the partes nvolved. Multinational Support Arrangements These agreements may be concluded blaterally and/or multlaterally among natons and/or between natons and NATO authortes. They should ease the ndvdual logstc burden and enhance the overall logstc efficency and economy. They can be mplemented for each type of logstc support or servce and wll help avod duplcatons of effort and redundances. NATO Commanders may be tasked to medate and co ordnate such arrangements. Commonly Funded Logistic Resources These nclude the assets that have been dentfied as elgble for common fundng and for whch funds have been made avalable. The fundng procedures must be developed and agreed well before the operaton starts and should provde sufficent flexblty and responsveness. These resources may nclude but are not lmted to the followng assets and servces: - nfrastructure and real estate, such as depots, arfields, headquarters,  camps, ports and lnes of communcatons (LOC); - operatng co-ordnatng the use nfrastructure and real estate; - communcaton and nformaton system (CIS) assets; and - logstc engneerng.

Multinational Integrated Logistic Support Two or more natons agree to provde logstc assets to a multnatonal logstc force under operatonal control of a NATO Commander for the logstc
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support of a multnatonal force. Ths s an especally attractve support opton when one sngle naton s capable of provdng the nucleus of the unt and/or the command structure, around whch the whole unt can then be formed by other augmentatons and contngents. Such multnatonal unts can effectvely avod duplcatons of effort and redundances wthn the logstc system of an operaton. Compensaton and/or rembursement are subject to agreements between the partes nvolved. Aircraft Cross-Servicing Ths s defined as servces performed on an arcraft by an organsaton other than that to whch the arcraft s assgned, accordng to an establshed operatonal arcraft cross-servcng requrement and for whch there may be a charge. Arcraft cross servcng s dvded nto two categores: - Stage A Cross-Servicing. The servcng of an arcraft on an aerodrome/ shp whch enables the arcraft to be flown on another msson, wthout change to the weapon configuraton. The servcng ncludes the nstallaton and removal of weapon system safety devces, refuellng, replenshment of fluds and gases, drag chutes startng facltes and ground handlng. - Stage Cross-Servicing. The servcng of arcraft on aerodrome/shp B whch enables the arcraft to be flown on an operatonal msson. The servcng ncludes all Stage A servce plus the loadng of weapons and/or film/vdeotape and the replenshment of chaff and flares. Ths ncludes the processng and nterpretaton of any exposed film/ vdeotape from the prevous msson.

The Arcraft Cross-Servcng Programme (ACSP) ncludes operatonal tasks such as debrefing, re-taskng and msson plannng. The am of the ACSP s to provde operatonal commanders wth a flexble means of achevng rapd regeneraton of combat ready arcraft through nteroperablty. Local Contracting The NATO Commander and natons wll use commercal contracts to support the NATO forces when t s economc and keeps mltary assets avalable for hgher prorty tasks. The NATO Commander and natons wll adjust the extent of relance on contractng based on the stuaton. The use of the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) for contractng assstance should be consdered for NATO operatons. Snce NATO common and centralsed fundng s lmted to specfic categores of goods and servces, most contract acton wll be funded natonally. NATO wll, however, co-ordnate natonal contractng efforts to ensure enhancement of the contract process, reducton of competton between natons and realsaton of economes scale. The prudent use of contractng coordnatng actvtes and the co-operaton of natons are essental. Effectve NATO co-ordnaton of the contractng effort wll enhance, not hnder, the contractng efforts of the natons.

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CONTRACTOR SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS Contractor support to operatons enables competent commercal enttes to provde a porton of deployed support so that such support ensures the most efficent and effectve use of resources. Contractor support to operatons offers a useful force-multpler tool to NATO, ts member natons and Partners. Advantages of Contractor Support to Operations Contractor support s a force multpler that can be partcularly valuable when: - he mltary manpower strength n a natonal contngent or n a Jont t Operatons Area (JOA) s lmted by a poltcal decson; - the requred capablty s not avalable from mltarly sources; - he requred capablty has not been made avalable for an operaton; t - he mltary capablty s not avalable n sufficent numbers to sustan t an operaton; - the mltary capablty s requred for other mssons; and/or - he use of local contractors supports an agreed Cvl-Mltary Cot operaton (CIMIC) plan; - he use of contractors (cvlans or local labour) for certan functons, t and at certan tmes may be more cost-effectve; and - here s an operatonal need for contnuty and experence that cannot t be provded by usng mltary manpower on a rotatonal bass.

Planning for Contractor Support Planned contractor support to operatons entals a delberate approach to determnng whch support requrements for an operaton can be effectvely and efficently met by contractng wth a commercal provder. Ad hoc contractng can also respond to unforeseen requrements that may arse durng the course of an operaton. Both planned and ad hoc contractng can release mltary manpower for other tasks. However, the planned approach has the greater potental to make the best use of both mltary and cvlan support capabltes, from the standpont of operatonal effectveness and cost efficency. Forms of Planned Contracting Planned contractng can take a number of forms, the most common of whch are: - echncal support contracts, whch provde for ndustry specalsts to t accompany the force for the purpose of provdng techncal advce or support;

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- ystem support contracts, whch provde Contractor Logstc Support s (CLS) as part of a contract to delver, mplement and mantan weapons systems and equpment for part or all of ther lfe cycle; - ease contracts, whch provde real property for the exclusve use l of the customer, for pre-defined purposes, typcally at fixed cost arrangements over the contract duraton, often provdng the opton to buy; - artnerng arrangements wth prme contractors, on a long-term bass, p who wll sub-contract ndvdual elements of support as requred; - ormant contracts, whch are awarded to a firm for specfied goods d and/or servces, but whch executon s postponed untl the requrement actually materalses; - ssured access contracts, whch legally bnd a contractor to provde a a requred capablty when needed; - referred use contracts, whch declare, by Letter of Intent, the p wllngness of the contractor to provde the requred capablty after tender when needed; - eady Invtatons for Bd (RIFB), whch are prepared and kept current, R but whch wll be ssued to potental contractors f and when the requrement occurs; - asc Orderng Arrangements (BOA), already n use by NATO Agences, B provde a call-off capablty n whch multple users can draw on a sngle contractual arrangement wth a partcular suppler; and - pot market acquston when goods and servces are readly avalable s on the market and do not requre that arrangements be put n place n advance.

Techncal support and system support contractors normally augment, rather than substtute for, mltary functons. Lease, partnerng, dormant and assured access contracts have the advantages of tmelness, as they requre no last-mnute solctaton, and avalablty, snce there are legal assurances of performance when they are actvated. Ther dsadvantages nclude the carryng costs assocated wth bndng a contractor to perform at an ndefinte tme and place. Capabltes that requre a sgnficant captal nvestment could be consdered sutable for lease, dormant and assured access contracts, because the captal nvestment would be made by the provder rather than by the customer. Capabltes that are requred from the onset of an operaton may be consdered sutable for any number of forms of contractng that can be arranged n advance. RIFBs are more cost-effectve because they ncur no such carryng costs. However, the cost advantage of RIFBs must be weghed aganst the addtonal tme needed to solct bds and award a contract, and the operatonal rsks that
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ths mght ental. Capabltes that are normally outsourced durng the course of an operaton could be consdered sutable for RIFBs. BOAs are sutable when there s regular sustaned demand for low value tems such as consumables. They may also be approprate n the context of contractor support to operatons. In cases where requred goods and servces are readly avalable from the market, purchases may be arranged on-the-spot through ad hoc contractng wthout pror preparaton. All contractor support optons are avalable for use by natons and should be consdered where approprate. If aggregate natonal requrements are of a sufficently large scale, natons mght consder developng partnerng arrangements wth a commercal provder, who could play a part n support plannng, as well as n long term delvery of support servces. Funding Contractor Support Contractor support entals meetng three groups of costs: - et-up and management costs for NATO and the natons; s - osts assocated wth the employment of contractors, such as tranng c and deployment; and - ayment for contractors servces. These would have to be met from a p number of sources, .e. NATO common fundng, multnatonal fundng ncludng jont and trust fundng and natonal fundng.

Responsibility for Planning Contractor Support Natons and NATO authortes have a collectve responsblty for plannng and mplementng contractor support to NATOs multnatonal operatons. Ths collectve responsblty encourages natons and NATO to co operatvely dentfy support requrements that could be met by cvlan contractors, put nto place contractual arrangements and share the provson and use of contractor capabltes and resources, through pror agreed arrangements, to support the force effectvely and efficently. Authority over Contracted Capabilities The NATO Commander, at the approprate level, must be gven sufficent authorty over contracted resources n order to enable hm to receve, employ, sustan and redeploy forces assgned to hm by natons n the most effectve manner. Where NATO s the contractng authorty, the NATO Commander has full control over the contractors actvtes n accordance wth applcable regulatons, terms and condtons lad down n the contract. However, where a naton s the contractng authorty, and the contracted support s for natonal purposes only, the NATO Commanders authorty over the contracted support wll be n accordance wth the TOA or other arrangements agreed between the NATO Commander and the naton.
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Functions that could be Performed by Contractors Properly prepared and funded, contractor support has the potental to enhance support to operatons, release deployed CS/CSS resources for hgher prorty tasks elsewhere, overcome dentfied CS/CSS shortfalls and provde endurance where needed, wth less mpact on mltary assets than would be the case wthout t. Contractor support s not applcable to combat functons. It s applcable to a lmted number of CS functons and a wde range of CSS functons, whch may nclude: - echncal servces, whch are performed by qualfied experts to support t techncal systems or processes. These could nclude: CLS, set up and mantenance of weapons systems, operaton and mantenance of communcatons, certan aspects of support to health servces, techncal communcatons and nformaton systems (CIS) servces and automated data processng (ADP) support, n-theatre techncal tranng and expert advce, such as that provded by natonal functonal experts and techncal staff of NATO agences; and - upport servces, whch provde deployment and sustanment support s such as strategc transport, strategc aero-medcal evacuaton, ar to ar refuellng, operaton of sea/ar ports of debarkaton, ar traffic control, fire fightng, base camp constructon and mantenance, nstallaton securty servces, fuel storage and dstrbuton, nfrastructure engneerng servces, elements of deployed prmary and secondary health care, medcal ancllary servces; ground transportaton; mantenance and repar, recovery, envronmental servces (santaton, refuse, salvage), provson of food and water, caterng and local labour.

Status and Use of Contractors The force conssts of combatants and non-combatants. Contractor personnel, whether cvlans accompanyng the force or local hres, are noncombatants. Local hres, regardless of natonalty, are subject to the laws of the naton where they are operatng and may not enjoy the legal status accorded to cvlans accompanyng the force. NATO and natons engaged n NATO operatons whch nvolve the employment of contractors should clearly define the status of contractor personnel and equpment n all agreements, understandngs, arrangements and other legal documents wth host natons. These documents, such as a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) or Transt Agreement, should establsh legal jursdcton, the rghts to tax and customs exemptons, vsa requrements, movement lmtatons and any other matters whch host natons are wllng to agree. Multinational Co-operation In order to obtan the best possble terms and condtons, natons should consoldate ther requrements nto common Requests for Proposals (RFPs). Whle most TCNs may have ther own deployable contractng staffs and may
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be prepared to act ndependently n theatre, there are consderable advantages to be ganed from utlsng a collectve approach. Natons should therefore take advantage of the Theatre Alled Contractng Office (TACO) and of NATO Agences such as the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) and the NATO Consultaton, Command and Control Agency (NC3A), who can provde theatre contractng servces on a rembursable bass. Operational Planning Considerations for Contractor Support From an operatonal plannng pont of vew, there s a number of consderatons that nfluence decsons whether to employ contractor support. Addtonally, plannng and preparaton s necessary to ensure that requrements for contractor support are dentfied early and that ther contrbutons to operatons are fully optmsed. These consderatons are the followng: - ype of Operaton. Operatons that ental a hgher rsk of combat, T such as to ntal entry operatons, are less sutable for outsourcng than lower rsk operatons, such as peacekeepng and stablzaton operatons. - hase of the Operaton. In the early stages of an operaton, most P support functons are performed by mltary unts for reasons of hgh rsk, efficency, operatonal effectveness and securty. As the envronment stablzes and the rsk s reduced, selected support functons can be gradually transferred to contractors and local authortes. - orce Protecton. Although contractors can be mostly self-sufficent, F they are non-combatants and the force must therefore provde securty for them and dentfy the requrement for equppng and tranng them for defence aganst chemcal, bologcal, radologcal and nuclear threats. In areas where local medcal care s not avalable, the force may need to provde t as well. Thus the benefits of usng contractors must be weghed aganst the resources requred to ensure ther health and safety. - peratonal Securty. Ths rsk apples at two levels - operatonal O (knowledge of mltary plans and ntentons) and tactcal (local survellance of mltary capabltes and actvtes). The former s a rsk that NATO natons have accepted prevously, not least n the case of strategc deployment, where commercal provders have long had a sgnficant role. The latter rsk s consdered low n nstances when the contractor staff conssts of expatrate natonals of the same TCN as the force supported; but s hgher n the case of host-country or thrdcountry natonals. It demands management by securty vettng and montorng of these personnel.

Integration of Contractor Capabilities Where contractors have already been selected n advance of an operaton to provde support and when operatonal securty requrements have been satsfied, they should contrbute to the operatonal support plannng process to
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ensure that ther capabltes are properly ntegrated nto the relevant annexes of the Operaton Plan (OPLAN). The deployment of contractors, whether usng ther own resources or not, must be ncluded n the overall NATO deployment plan. Durng executon, the force C2 structure must provde the requred nterface between the contractors and the echelons supported so that the contractor s nformed of the operatonal pcture as requred, and to allow flexblty n the employment of contractors to meet operatonal requrements. Contract Management Commanders wll requre functonal staff expertse to admnster the contract, dentfy changes to requrements, negotate changes to the contract, evaluate the performance of the contractor, assess penaltes for non-performance and certfy payment for delvery of servces. Contractual nstruments shall, under the responsblty of the Contractng Officer, be admnstered n such a manner as to ensure that the contractual oblgatons of the contractor and NATO are correctly and promptly fulfilled and that NATOs rghts under the terms of the contractual nstruments are exercsed lawfully and n the best nterests of the Allance and ts customers. COMPONENT SUPPORT CONCEPTS (ALP-4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Whle NATOs logstc concept embraces jontness, each component, due to the nature of ts msson, has a slghtly dfferent approach to mplementng the multnatonal logstc concept. Although the specfic methods of supportng deployed multnatonal unts do vary, ther support requrements are very smlar. That s, support elements must be flexble, moble and responsve to the requrements of the component commander. Where efficences can be ganed, jontness should be mantaned down to the lowest level practcable. In general terms, ths means that operatonal level support elements may have a geographcal area of responsblty to provde support to a jont force. At the tactcal level, however, support elements wll lkely be focused at supportng, on a functonal bass, specfic component elements. A broad synopss of the component support concepts s provded below. Maritime Support Concept: ALP-4.1 Support to a deployed Multnatonal Martme Force (MNMF) has two facets: ashore and afloat supports. In a jont context, afloat support s the sole responsblty of the tactcal level (MNMF) commander, whereas responsblty for ashore support s shared between the operatonal and the tactcal commanders because the operatonal commander s the only commander wth the capablty to co-ordnate the flow of personnel, mal and cargo from ashore to the task force. To ensure the approprate focus of the ashore element commander, the ashore element must be responsve to the afloat commander (MNMF), but responsble to the CJTF commander. In a large operaton, the chan of command from the ashore support organsaton may be through a Multnatonal Logstcs Command (Martme) (MNLC(M)) whle n a smaller operaton, the ashore support commander may report drectly to the MJLC.
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The fundamental precept of the martme logstc support concept s to provde ashore centralsed dstrbuton and support stes for the MNMF. The concept calls for multnatonal Advanced Logstc Support Stes (ALSSs) that provde a varety of lfe support, supply, dstrbuton, medcal, damage repar, etc., n support of the entre force. Smaller, more moble, Forward Logstc Stes (FLSs), located closer to the supported force, are employed as final dstrbuton ponts for personnel, mal and cargo flowng from the larger, more capable ALSS. These support stes may be jont n nature or may be collocated wth other component support elements. Land Forces Support Concept: ALP-4.2 ALP-4.2 provdes a common NATO Land Forces Logstc Doctrne, whch gudes NATO and natonal commanders and staff of the land component n optmsng the use of avalable logstc resources n multnatonal operatons. Mltary operatons are conducted at three levels: strategc, operatonal and tactcal. Logstcs, as one of the combat functons that helps commanders buld and sustan combat power, s a major operatng system at these three levels of warfare. Strategc and operatonal level logstcs are focused on the support of wars, campagns and major operatons, whereas tactcal logstcs s concerned more wth the support of battles and operatons at the land component level and below. - trategc level logstcs deals wth moblsaton, natonal acquston, S force projecton, strategc moblty and the strategc concentraton of logstc assets n a Jont Operatons Area (JOA). Strategc level logstcs nterconnects wth operatonal level logstcs at jont force level. Ths connecton s a major area of nterest for logstc command and control n order to ensure the effectve logstc support of deployed forces. - peratonal level logstcs focuses on establshng and mantanng O LOC and sustanng a force n a JOA, consstent wth the commanders prortes. It also creates the condtons for convertng strategc level gudance nto success at the tactcal level and therefore provdes the lnkage between strategc and tactcal level logstcs. Operatonal level logstcs encompasses the support of force recepton, stagng and onward movement of unts and personnel, nfrastructure development, dstrbuton and the management of JOA reserves, contractng, provson of supples and servces and movement control. - actcal level logstcs sustans the tactcal commanders ablty to T execute the msson by provdng the tactcal support. At ths level, the essental functons of supply, transportaton, mantenance, medcal and health servce support and personnel, admnstratve and field servces are provded to solders to allow them to accomplsh ther specfic msson. Successful tactcal level logstcs provdes unts wth the rght support at the rght tme and n the rght place.

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The land component support concept s desgned to ensure the support of ether natonal or multnatonal forces, takng ther dfferent structures and multnatonal composton nto account. The Combned Jont Force Land Component Commander (CJFLCC) establshes requrements and sets prortes for support of forces n accordance wth the overall drecton gven by the JFC. He co-ordnates logstc operatons wth all partcpatng natons, and jont/JOA level logstc structures. For ths, for NRF operatons a JLSG, for CJTF operatons a MJLC may be establshed. The CJFLCC wll exercse co ordnatng authorty on movement and securty matters over those Natonal Support Elements (NSEs) operatng n hs Area of Operatons (AOO). Whle movement control s prmarly the responsblty of the Host Naton, ths mght be delegated to the CJFLCC, especally n the forward part of CJFLCC AOR, n the case of an actual full-scale mltary operaton. Air Forces Support Concept: ALP-4.3 ALP-4.3 detals the concept of ar component logstc support, whch ncludes all partcpatng, land-based flyng and Ground Based Ar Defence (GBAD) unts and ther support elements, as well as dedcated communcatons unts and deployable Ar Command and Control Systems (ACCS). The prncples of the concept for ar component logstc support are also applcable to NATO Arborne Early Warnng (NAEW), Ar-to-Ar refuellng (AAR) and Ar Transport (AT) forces, as well as ar assets of other components. The concept for ar component logstc support s based on the precept that sendng natons wll deploy ther ar forces wth sufficent ndgenous support to ntate operatons and establsh re supply arrangements to sustan them. The level of deployed support takes account of avalable HNS, mutual support provded by Lead Natons (LN) and Role Specalst Natons (RSN), and co-operatve logstc arrangements, e.g. Multnatonal Integrated Logstcs Unts (MILU), where approprate. LOGISTIC SUPPORT TO CRISIS RESPONSE OPERATIONS For all multnatonal operatons, there s a requrement to co-ordnate the deployment of natonal forces nvolved nto an Area of Operaton. Ths coordnaton s carred out by the AMCC, n close contact wth all partcpatng natons. Natons are responsble for plannng and executng the deployment of ther natonal contrbutons to NATO operatons. Besdes co-ordnatng the multnatonal flow of forces, the AMCC s responsble for the preparaton and plannng for the deployment of all NATO owned equpment and NATO HQ. These transport mssons are ether handled by natonal contrbutons usng natonal transportaton assets or cvlan arcraft are chartered from the commercal market.

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REFERENCES C M(2007)0004 MC 526 AJP 4(A) AJP-4.6 AJP-4.9 ALP-4.1 ALP-4.2 ALP-4.3 L ogstc Support for NATO Response Force (NRF) Operatons Alled Jont Logstc Doctrne Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre Modes of Multnatonal Logstc Support Multnatonal Martme Logstc Doctrne Land Forces Logstc Doctrne Ar Forces Doctrne & Procedures, Ar Logstcs

ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 7

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER AAR ACCS ACO ACSP ADP ALSSs AMCC AOO AOR AT BOA CBRN CIMIC CIS CJFLCC CJSOR CLS CROs CS/CSS C2 DJTF FLSs GBAD HQ JFC JLSG Ar-to-Ar refuellng Ar Command and Control Systems Alled Command Operatons Arcraft Cross-Servcng Programme Automated Data Processng Advanced Logstc Support Stes Alled Movement Co ordnaton Centre Area of Operatons Area of Responsblty Ar Transport Basc Orderng Arrangements Chemcal, Bologal, Radologcal and Nuclear Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton Communcaton and Informaton System Combned Jont Force Land Component Commander Jont Statement of Requrements Contractor Logstc Support Crss Response Operatons Combat Support / Combat Servce Support Command and Control Deployable Jont Task Force Forward Logstc Stes Ground Based Ar Defence Headquarters Jont Force Command Jont Logstc Support Group
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ANNEX A

JOA LN LOC MILU MJLC MNLC(M) MNMF MOU NAEW NAMSA NCS NC3A NRF NSEs NTM RFPs RIFB RSN SOFA TACO TCN

Jont Operatons Area Lead Natons Lnes of Communcaton Multnatonal Integrated Logstcs Unts, Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre Multnatonal Logstcs Command (Martme) Multnatonal Martme Force Memorandum of Understandng NATO Arborne Early Warnng NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency NATO Command Structure Command and Control Agency NATO Response Force Natonal Support Elements Notce to Move Requests for Proposals Ready Invtatons for Bd Role Specalst Natons Status of Forces Agreement Theatre Alled Contractng Office Troop Contrbutng Naton

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CHAPTER 8
HOST NATION SUPPORT (HNS)

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HOST NATION SUPPORT (HNS) There is nothing so common as to find consideration of supply affecting the strategic lines of a campaign and a war. - Karl von Clausewitz, On War, 1832 INTRODUCTION Natons and NATO authortes have a collectve responsblty to support NATO operatons and must co-operatvely arrange adequate Host Naton Support (HNS) to the complete range of NATO operatons and exercses durng peace, crss and conflct and nclude Artcle 5, Collectve Defence, and non Artcle 5 Crss Response Operatons (CROs). Ths strategy s workable only f Host Natons make the support avalable. The Strategc Commands (SCs) are responsble to ensure that the HNS agreements fulfil NATO operatonal requrements wthout reducng the combat potental of the HN. The possblty of deployments of a rapd mltary response beyond NATO terrtory has sgnficant mplcatons for NATO HNS polcy and plannng procedures. In partcular, t s necessary to adopt more rapd and flexble HNS plannng mechansms to ensure that HNS arrangements can be put nto place as early as possble so that the requred support can be assured to the maxmum extent possble, consstent wth mantanng or enhancng mltary effectveness. To acheve ths, NATO Commanders must be nvolved n support plannng and be gven the authorty to co-ordnate plannng where necessary. The SNLC produced MC 319/2 that confers upon the NATO Commander key authortes for logstcs, ncludng HNS. The NATO Commanders authortes wth respect to HNS are further defined n MC 334/2. DEFINITION HNS s cvl and mltary assstance rendered n peace, crss and conflct by a Host Naton to alled forces and organsatons whch are located on, operatng n or transtng through the HNs terrtory. NATO CONCEPT FOR HNS HNS seeks to provde the NATO Commander and the Sendng Naton (SN) wth support n the form of materel, facltes and servces, ncludng area securty and admnstratve support n accordance wth negotated arrangements between the SN and/or NATO and the HN government. As such, HNS facltates the ntroducton of forces nto an area of operatons by provdng essental recepton, stagng and onward movement support. HNS may also reduce the amount of logstc forces and materel otherwse requred by SN to sustan and redeploy forces.

CHAPTER 8

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The goal s to use NATO HNS arrangements to the greatest extent possble to facltate the negotaton and admnstraton tasks of the HN by creatng a standard process and standard documents that can be used by all partes. To ths end, the SCs have mplemented a programme to negotate standng HNS Memorandum of Understandng (MOU) wth NATO and PfP Natons, as well as non NATO Natons, n regons where NATO deployments may occur. Ths does not preclude blateral arrangements between partes. LEGAL ASPECTS OF HNS ARRANGEMENTS Arrangements and agreements concluded between the approprate natonal authortes and NATO form the bass of support for HNS arrangements. A Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), negotated at the hghest level between SN and/or NATO and the HN authortes, governs the status of forces and determnes ther relatonshp wth the HN. It may contan general provsons regardng support from the HN. Therefore, where t exsts, the SOFA may have an mpact on HNS and should be taken nto account n the development of HNS arrangements. Where a SOFA wth a HN does not exst, one must be concluded wth the utmost prorty. Ths may not be possble n regard to many natons. In these cases, a Transt Agreement wll be concluded between NATO HQ and the HN to authorse the transt of alled forces and goods through the HNs terrtory. The Transt Agreement wll nclude some provsons that make reference to the support needed from the HN and n some cases may permt the development of HNS Techncal Arrangements wthout development of an MOU. An MOU s an nstrument to record n a less formal manner specfic understandngs and oblgatons and s an expresson of the concurrng wllngness of the partes partcpatng n and subscrbng to t. Wthn the context of HNS, the MOU s a wrtten overarchng blateral or multlateral agreed document, whch mples an ntent or responsblty to support alled forces and organsatons. It provdes the mutually agreed mltary-poltcal-legal bass for the development of further mplementng documents wthn the agreed provsons emboded n the MOU. HNS PRINCIPLES1 The requred moblty, flexblty and multnatonalty of NATO forces hghlght the need for commonly agreed prncples of HNS and for the NATO Commander to provde the structure necessary to facltate the development of HNS arrangements. Moreover, the ncreasng requrement to take advantage of economes of scale and to more rapdly and effectvely mplement responsve support concepts dctates that HNS be consdered as an ntegral part of the logstc plannng process and should therefore be addressed n all support plans. In order to realse consstent and effectve HNS plannng and executon, the followng prncples wll apply:
1)

R - esponsibility. Natons and NATO authortes have a collectve responsblty for HNS across the spectrum of NATO-led operatons.
C-M(2000)56-REV1 (also MC 334/2)

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Ths responsblty encourages natons and NATO to co-operatvely plan for and share the provson of HNS to support the force effectvely and efficently wth each naton bearng the ultmate responsblty for ensurng the provson of support for ts forces . P - rovision. Natons ndvdually, by co-operatve arrangements or collectvely wth NATO must ensure the provson of adequate resources to support ther forces durng peace, crss and conflct. When avalable, HNS s a fundamental supplement to support for deployed forces and once the MOU s concluded, wll be provded by the HN to the greatest extent possble on the bass of natonal legslaton, natonal prortes and the actual capabltes of the HN. - Authority. The NATO Commander has the authorty to establsh requrements for HNS, to prortse the provson of HNS to assgned forces and to ntate the HNS plannng process, ncludng negotatons. When delegated by the SC, the Commander also has the authorty to conclude HNS arrangements for NATO multnatonal headquarters and other common-funded enttes. These authortes also apply to nonNATO Commanders of a multnatonal force partcpatng n a NATO led operaton. - Co-ordination nd Co-operation. For HNS plannng and executon, a the co ordnaton and co operaton between NATO and natonal authortes s essental for reasons of operatonal effectveness, efficency and the avodance of competton for resources. It must be carred out at approprate levels and may nclude non NATO natons and other relevant organsatons, as requred. E - conomy. Plannng and executon of HNS must reflect the most effectve and economc use of resources avalable to fulfil the requrement. V - isibility. Informaton concernng HNS arrangements n support of alled forces and organsatons should be avalable to the approprate NATO Commander and to the Sendng Naton. R - eimbursement. The Host Naton should not derve profit from the offical actvtes of NATO HQ or forces conductng or partcpatng n operatons, exercses conferences or smlar events on ther terrtory. Rembursement for HNS wll be agreed between the Host Naton and the Sendng Naton and/or the NATO Commander, as approprate.

HNS PLANNING HNS plannng s an ntegral part of logstc plannng, but as a key component of operatonal plannng, t requres multdscplnary partcpaton of all the plannng staff. The Host Naton, the Sendng Naton and the NATO Commander are responsble for HNS plannng and development, whle the concluson of the HNS MOU s the responsblty of the Host Naton and the NATO Commander. The NATO Commander should also be made aware of other non117

NATO HNS arrangements that are n support of or may mpact on the conduct of NATO-led operatons. HNS plannng wll be as detaled as possble to enable the HN to evaluate and adequately respond to requrements. However, the varety of deployment optons may also requre that a contngency approach be taken towards HNS plannng. In terms of efficency, NATO co ordnated HNS arrangements should be pursued where approprate. As far as possble, Standng HNS MOU supportng a broad range of potental operatons should be concluded. In ether case, HNS arrangements should be concluded at the earlest opportunty n the plannng process. The NATO Commanders logstc staff s responsble for the development of HNS arrangements. Because of the nter-relatonshps between HNS, Cvl Mltary Co operaton (CIMIC), contractng and other functons, and because of the legal and financal mplcatons of HNS arrangements, close co-ordnaton wll have to be mantaned wth all relevant staff from the outset. Durng HNS plannng, NATO Commander must ensure close co ordnaton between the SN, once they are dentfied, and the HN. Ths co ordnaton wll be n accordance wth establshed doctrne and procedures. The procedures should be standardsed to the extent possble to ensure an effectve and flexble response to any operatonal need. These should be kept under revew to ncorporate lessons dentfied from future exercses and operatons. The NATO Commander should be nvted to partcpate n follow-on blateral HNS negotatons between the Sendng Naton and the Host Naton n order to promote co operaton and assst where necessary. Natons and the NATO Commander should ensure that adequate gudance s provded to non-NATO natons when developng HNS arrangements. The actvtes nvolved n HNS Request and Memorandum Political a staged plannng process are level of Understanding (MOU) found n AJP-4.5, whch detals ths plannng framework. An Concept of Requirements Operational overvew of the key aspects level (COR) of each stage and where they fit n the logstc/operatonal Technical Arrangements Operational plannng process s outlned level (TA) below. NATO Commanders and natons dentfied as Statement of Requirements Tactical potental HN(s) are encouraged level (SOR) to embark on Stages 1, 2 and 3 at the earlest opportunty n Joint Implementation Arrangement Tactical order to develop useful generc level (JIA) HNS arrangements n readness for future operatons/exercses Figure 8-1. 5 Stage HNS Planning Process and/or common operatonal pcture(s).
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- Stage 1. As a product of msson analyss, the NATO Commander first dentfies the requrement for HNS n very broad terms to support plans beng drafted, takng nto consderaton the HNS requrements of the Sendng Naton(s) where these can be dentfied. Generally, an HNS MOU s developed wth each Host Naton. If a Standng HNS MOU exsts, t s applcable to all NATO operatons or exercses and does not requre any modficatons. - Stage 2. A Concept of Requrements (COR) s called for and submtted to the HN by the NATO Commander and SN(s), respectvely, who may undertake prelmnary reconnassance ahead of submttng ther COR(s). - Stage 3. The Techncal Arrangement (TA) s finalsed wthn the Jont HNS Steerng Commttee (JHNSSC), whch s convened by the NATO Commander and the Host Naton wth the partcpaton of SN(s), to address common requrements and procedures for the provson of HNS. - Stage 4. The Statements of Requrements SOR(s) are developed on the bass of the results of ste surveys co ordnated by the JHNSSC, n conjuncton wth the Host Naton. Followng consderaton of the SOR(s), the Host Naton confirms ts ablty to provde the requested HNS and dentfies any shortfalls. Once sgned, they are executable documents, whch oblgate the sgnatores and satsfy the specfic requrements of the Sendng Naton(s). - tage 5. The Jont Implementaton Arrangements (JIA(s)) represent the S final stage when more detal s requred to effectvely mplement the HNS plan after confirmaton by the Host Naton.

HNS POLICIES The polces set out n ths document define the responsbltes of NATO Commanders, the Sendng Natons and the Host Naton. Policies Specific to the NATO Commander The NATO Commander shall negotate and conclude HNS arrangements for NATO multnatonal headquarters and, when authorsed, for desgnated multnatonal unts and selected theatre-level support. The Sendng Natons are encouraged to take advantage of these arrangements by accedng to the HNS MOU. For each operatonal plan for whch HNS s requred, the NATO Commander shall establsh a process to facltate negotatons between the Host Naton and the Sendng Naton and/or subordnate NATO Commanders n accordance wth NATOs HNS doctrne and procedures. The NATO Commander shall dentfy HNS requrements and has to coordnate and prortse HNS requrements and the provson of HNS n consultaton wth natons.

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The NATO Commander shall provde the Host Naton and the Sendng Naton(s) wth the necessary detals, ncludng ponts of contact, for proper HNS plannng and executon. The NATO Commander s authorsed to request reports on HNS assets desgnated and agreed by the Host Naton to support the forces under ther command. Conversely, the NATO Commander s requred to nform the Sendng Naton on the avalablty of HNS assets. If NATO common fundng or approprate exercse fundng s approved, the NATO Commander n conjuncton wth the Host Naton and pror to the recept of HNS, wll detal the fundng arrangements to be appled for the payment of HNS for the multnatonal headquarters, desgnated multnatonal unts and selected theatre-level support. Policies Specific to the Sending Nation The Sendng Naton(s) s encouraged to accede to the HNS MOU concluded by the SCs and the Host Naton. Any outstandng concerns could then be addressed as part of the accesson process. The Sendng Naton may choose to negotate ther own blateral MOU wth the Host Naton. The Sendng Naton shall partcpate n the plannng and executon processes n order to conduct effectve HNS. The Sendng Naton shall notfy ts HNS requrements and any sgnficant changes as they occur to the Host Naton and the NATO Commander as early as possble. The Sendng Naton shall report the status of HNS negotatons to the approprate NATO Commander. Ultmately and pror to the recept of HNS, the Sendng Naton s responsble to make the necessary arrangements for rembursement. Policies Specific to the Host Nation The Host Naton shall advse SN and approprate NATO Commander of ts capablty to provde HNS aganst specfic requrements and of sgnficant changes n capablty as they occur. Furthermore, the Host Naton s encouraged to dentfy other HNS capabltes n order to assess ther potental to provde addtonal support. The NATO Capablty Catalogue for HNS may facltate ths. The Host Naton retans control over ts own HNS resources, unless control of such resources s released. The Host Naton shall partcpate n the plannng and executon processes n order to conduct effectve HNS. The Host Naton shall report the status of HNS negotatons to the approprate NATO Commander. The Host Naton shall determne the cost standards to be appled for cost calculatons for HNS.
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The Host Naton should ensure that, as far as possble, ts blateral HNS arrangements and assocated plans are harmonsed wth the requrements of NATO operatonal plannng. The Host Naton should ensure the requred co-operaton and coordnaton between ts cvlan and mltary sectors n order to make the best use of lmted HNS resources. CAPABILITY DATABASE In order to facltate NATO Commanders ablty to assess a Host Natons potental to provde support, they are encouraged to dentfy other HNS capabltes. The NATO Capablty Catalogue for HNS provdes a template for nformaton related to facltes, nfrastructure and resources that may be made avalable to the NATO Commander n support of hs forces. The nformaton wll serve for plannng purposes only. It s kept n an electronc database wthn Logstc Functonal Area Servce. LOCAL CONTRACTING There s a dstncton between HNS and contractng as the latter s not based on formalsed agreements that consttute the bass of HNS. Contractng s the commercal acquston of materel and cvl servces by the Sendng Naton and/or the NATO Commander for ther forces n support of NATO-led operatons. Contractng from local resources should not nterfere wth HNS and should always take nto account the essental needs of the local populaton. Contractng shall, therefore, be co ordnated wth or through the Host Naton, where possble. In cases where there s no legtmate HN government wth whom to coordnate HNS, a Sendng Naton and/or the NATO Commander, may contract drectly wth prvate sources wthn the Host Naton. In such cases, t s essental that the NATO Commander establsh a system to montor or co ordnate contracts to lmt competton for scarce resources and establsh HNS prortes when requred. CIVIL-MILITARY CO-OPERATION (CIMIC) HNS must not be confused wth CIMIC. The purpose of CIMIC s to establsh and mantan full co-operaton between NATO forces and the cvlan populaton and nsttutons wthn a commanders area of operatons n order to create the most advantageous cvl-mltary condtons. Co-operaton wth cvlan organsatons n the framework of HNS should always be managed n full consultaton wth approprate mltary and cvlan authortes of the Host Naton.

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REFERENCES MC 319/2 NATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs MC 334/2 ATO Prncples and Polces for Host Naton Support N MC 411/1 ATO Mltary Polcy on Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton N AJP-4.5(A) Alled Jont Host Naton Support Doctrne and Procedures ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 8

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER CIMIC COR CROs HN JHNSSC JIAs MOU SCs SN SOFA SOR(s) TA Cvl-Mltary Co operaton Concept of Requrements Crss Response Operatons Host Naton Jont HNS Steerng Commttee Jont Implementaton Arrangements Memorandum of Understandng Strategc Commands Sendng Naton Status of Forces Agreement Statements of Requrements Techncal Arrangement

ANNEX A

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CHAPTER 9
MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT

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MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT Logistics is the art of moving armies. It comprises the order and details of marches and camps, and of quartering and supplying troops; in a word it is the execution of strategic and tactical enterprises. - Antoine Henri Jomini, Summary of the Art of War, 1838 INTRODUCTION Movement and Transportaton (M&T) encompasses the whole spectrum of nfrastructure, facltes, arlft, surface transport, and sealft, command and control, and equpment, whch drectly support the deployment and Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement (RSOM) of forces. M&T s the cornerstone of the Allances operatonal concept, requrng nvestment n resources, facltes and equpment. The need for co-ordnaton of NATO M&T plannng s a result of the Allances new strategy to support expedtonary forces. Specfically: - he multnatonal character of NATO forces requres co ordnaton t and co operaton, not competton, for movement and transportaton resources; - he flexblty nherent to the selecton of NATO forces and the t uncertantes that surround future deployments place a greater relance on movement and transportaton plannng based on generc and ad hoc operatonal plannng requrements. The greater relance placed upon NATO forces ablty to deploy quckly, the closer co-ordnaton s requred throughout the Allance; and - he lmted avalablty of transportaton resources underlnes the t contnung need for close co-ordnaton between the NATO Mltary Authortes (NMAs), NATO M&T-related commttees and NATO cvl agences for provdng support to NATO mltary operatons.

CHAPTER 9

MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION PRINCIPLES MC 336/2, NATO Prncples and Polces for Movement and Transportaton, establshes the prncples and polces for M&T. They are reprnted n the paragraphs to follow. Collective Responsibility. NATO and natons take collectve responsblty for movement and transportaton support to NATO operatons. Specfic responsbltes are descrbed hereafter. - ATO Responsblty. NATO Commanders are responsble for ntatng, N prortsng, co ordnatng and deconflctng the deployment (ncludng RSOM), transportaton for sustanment (re supply), and ther respectve forces redeployment. Ths must be done n co-operaton wth natons.

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- atons Responsblty. Natons exercse prmary responsblty for N obtanng transportaton resources to deploy, sustan and redeploy ther forces. Ths responsblty may nclude plannng and controllng the movement of natonal forces, natonal components of multnatonal forces, and, where a naton accepted lead naton responsblty, of a multnatonal headquarters group. Ths prncple must be tempered by the need for co operaton, co ordnaton, and economy, and may nclude blateral and/or multlateral co operatve arrangements.

Co-operation. Co-operaton between NATO and natonal authortes, both mltary and cvlan, s essental. Such co-operaton can be of a b- or multlateral nature. Ths ncorporates both co operatve and shared use of lft. Co-ordination. Movement and transportaton co-ordnaton between NATO and natonal and cvlan authortes s essental and conducted at all approprate levels. Efficiency. Optmses mltary and cvlan resources use. Take nto consderaton the complementary and ntermodal nature of arlft, sealft, and nland surface transport resources. Flexibility. M&T plannng and executon must be capable of reactng n a tmely manner to dynamc changes n the operatonal stuaton and requrement. Effectiveness. M&T plannng and executon must be talored to satsfy overall NATO operatonal requrements. Simplicity. Smplfy plans and procedures as much as possble. Standardisation. Standardsaton facltates successful M&T. It apples as much to systems, data and software as t does to procedures, equpment and hardware. Transportability. Desgn equpment, when possble, compatble wth avalable transport resources for unts and formatons wth a moblty role. Visibility and Transparency. M&T data nformaton exchange between NATO and natonal mltary and cvl authortes s essental for the efficent support of movement and transportaton tasks. MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION POLICIES General Policies NATO and natonal mltary and cvl authortes are responsble for development of NATO force M&T drectves, procedures and organsatons. The executon of the natons responsblty to provde sufficent M&T resources could be hampered by a requred lft asset shortage. Consequently, natons should, where approprate and possble, make resources avalable to NATO for co operatve or shared use. These should be responsve to NATOs operatonal requrements and co ordnated at the approprate level.

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- Co operative Use. When natons make transportaton resources or ther surplus capacty avalable to other natons, compensaton and/or rembursement wll be subject to arrangements between the partes nvolved, f requred. - Shared Use. When natons make transportaton resources or ther surplus capacty avalable to NATO, these resources are provded free of charge or under rembursement arrangements.

Movement across nternatonal borders must be supported by standardsed and harmonsed arrangements. NATO Commanders wll revew the effectveness of mltary arrangements, both NATO and natonal, n support of the Allances operatonal M&T requrements. M&T Planning M&T plannng s a dstnct but ntegral part of logstc plannng, and must be consstent wth force and operatonal plannng. NATO and natonal mltary authortes are responsble for operatonal support plannng. M&T plannng for NATO operatons must comply wth the prortes set by the NATO Commander. M&T plannng must be talored to the respectve forces and ther related employment optons. Natonal and NATO M&T plannng must be harmonsed as early as possble durng the Operatonal Plannng Process (OPP). RSOM s the phase of the deployment processes that transtons unts, personnel, equpment and materel from arrval at Ports of Debarkaton (PODs) to the final destnaton. The desgnated Jont Force Commander (JFC), n coordnaton wth the Host Naton (HN) and Sendng Natons (SNs), must develop the RSOM plan n accordance wth the Multnatonal Detaled Deployment Plan (MNDDP). When HN authortes are not able or not wllng to provde the requred RSOM support, NATO bears responsblty for assgnng an executve authorty or requestng a Lead Naton (LN) to act as HN on behalf of deployng NATO forces. M&T plannng must consder the use of Host Naton Support (HNS) and/or local resources, partcularly durng the RSOM stage. NATO and natonal M&T plannng should consder the possblty of prepostonng of stocks, materal and equpment n order to mprove M&T reacton tme. NATO cvl transportaton experts are a valuable asset and provde nformaton and offer assstance to NATO mltary planners. Strategc Commands (SCs) should, as requred, seek ther advce and assstance n all phases of deployment plannng (concept development, strategc plannng, movement plannng and executon plannng) and executon.
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NATO natons and, where approprate, non-NATO natons wll use the Alled Deployment and Movement System (ADAMS) as the NATO plannng tool to facltate multnatonal deployment plannng and nformaton transfer. Natons may use ADAMS or some other system to do ther nternal, natonal-level deployment. NATO and NMAs wll ensure that harmonsed casualty evacuaton s ncorporated nto movement plans. M&T plannng to support mltary operatons must be carred out and co ordnated on a combned and jont mltary/cvl bass encompassng all modes of transport. Avod separate M&T plannng for martme, land and ar force packages. Policy on Civil Support to the Military Cvl support to the mltary wll be of crtcal mportance n achevng the desred flexblty n support of the Allances objectves. The mltary wll, at the approprate level, requre M&T expertse, as requred, to assess and define cvl transport support capablty, avalablty and feasblty. NATO and natons should make arrangements for close and well-structured co operaton between mltary and cvl authortes. Natons are nvted to ensure that natonal legslaton or other arrangements provde sufficently for the acquston of M&T resources for Artcle 5 operatons and non-Artcle 5 CRO. The SCs wll scrutnze ths process and wll montor the development of legslatve and other arrangements made by natons as part of the Annual Defence Revew (ADR) process and the Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee (SCEPC), through the Transport Plannng Boards and Commttees (PB&Cs), wll montor and advse natons on the adequacy of legslaton or other natonal measures, as approprate, to support NATO M&T capabltes. Policy on Military Support to Civil Operations Mltary support to cvl operatons wll be conducted usng the same prncples and polces as descrbed above. Policy on Resource Acquisition Natons are responsble to provde transportaton resources to move ther own forces and materel. Natonal operatonal support plannng should nvolve approprate natonal cvl, as well as mltary transport authortes, n the acquston process, whch should extend as approprate to both natonal and non-natonal sources. Natons should consder: - nterng nto b- or multlateral agreements wth other natons e concernng M&T resource provson; m - akng approprate arrangements to gan access to cvl transport resources by usng normal commercal practces to the maxmum extent, ncludng possble use of both non-NATO natons transportaton resources and contractual arrangements operatve under specfic condtons;
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- pplyng to the approprate SC for access to transportaton resources a or surplus capacty made avalable by natons for co operatve or shared use; - pproachng the cvl transportaton market n a co ordnated manner, a thus acqurng resources n accordance wth operatonal prortes and mnmsng natonal competton for resources; - akng arrangements for control or redrecton of cvl transportaton m resources, f t appears that the commercal market may be unable to meet requrements. These may be consttutonal, statutory or contractual and may nclude b- or mult-lateral arrangements; and - eportng to the approprate NATO authortes those mltary and cvl r transportaton resources that may be avalable for co operatve or shared use.

Gven that cvl transportaton resources normally operate n market condtons, NATO and natonal authortes wll contnue to devse collectve arrangements, whch ensure obtanng quckly and relably sutable cvl resources. NATO s responsble for ensurng the provson of transportaton resources for the movement of multnatonal HQs and other common-funded elements such as NATO owned equpment. The naton usng a natons or an agencys transportaton resource s responsble for rembursng that resource provdng naton or agency, f such rembursement s requred. Policy on Command, Control and Communications M&T resource command and control wll reman wth the ownng natons, unless natons make other arrangements wth NATO authortes. NATO wll provde msson assgnment to natons that wll undertake M&T operatonal command and control and detaled msson taskng. To be vable, the communcatons and Automated Data Processng (ADP) systems must provde commanders wth tmely nformaton concernng status of force deployment, avalablty of transportaton resources and status of the lnes of communcaton. As ADAMS s NATOs tool for multnatonal M&T plannng, natons are to contnue to support the use of ADAMS and communcate M&T data va ths system. M&T TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES The M&T structure must be capable of respondng flexbly to a natonal declaraton of war and Crss Response Operatons and should make best use of NATO and natonal organsatons. For the purpose of efficency and smplcty, movement management s always executed at the hghest practcal level descrbed hereafter.

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NATO Headquarters NATO Headquarters provdes the poltcal and mltary gudance through consultaton wth natons for overall M&T matters. The Internatonal Staff (IS) and the Internatonal Mltary Staff (IMS) assst deployment plannng and executon by provdng doctrnal and polcy gudance and clarficaton to support the SCs n ther plannng processes for the transt of deployed forces through natonal terrtores. The co ordnatng authorty for logstcs, the Senor Natonal Logstcans Conference (SNLC), s responsble to co ordnate and harmonse the development and mplementaton of the Allances M&T polces and concepts. The Movement and Transportaton Group (M&TG) supports the SNLC wth regard to M&T polces and concepts. The SCEPC, through ts Transport PB&Cs, supports the NMAs by advsng on the avalablty and use of cvl transportaton resources and related nfrastructure n support of NATO and NATO-led operatons, by assstng n the acquston of cvl resources, and by harmonsng and standardsng cvl procedures relatng to transport for defence purposes. Strategic Commands (SCs) The SCs are responsble for matters concernng mplementaton of M&T polces and doctrne and development of M&T plans and operatonal procedures. Under the authorty of the SHAPE, the Alled Movement Co-ordnaton Centre (AMCC) wll co ordnate strategc movement, transportaton for sustanment (re supply) and redeployment of NATO forces. Specfically, the SCs are responsble to: - evelop the MNDDP based on natonal DDPs. The MNDDP must be d developed n close co-ordnaton wth the desgnated Jont Force Commander responsble for the RSOM plan and the authorsng HN; - ddress strategc lft shortfalls n co-operaton wth the natons; a - dvse and assst n the development of blateral or multlateral a agreements and arrangements, f requested; - onsult, when approprate, wth experts from the Transportaton c PB&Cs and other M&T sources; - rortse and co ordnate the ntegrated use of M&T resources made p avalable by natons for shared use; - o ordnate wth the Jont Force Commander who must provde the c Statement of Requrement (SOR) n co-operaton wth the SCs. Ths commander gves specfic operatonal gudance by lstng prortes, PODs, final destnaton and sets the Commanders Requred Date (CRD); and - o ordnate wth the Supportng Commander, f apponted, who c asssts the desgnated commander and ensures the unmpeded flow of renforcng forces through hs Area of Responsblty (AOR).
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The Allied Movement Co-ordination Centre (AMCC) provdes NATOs prncpal capablty to plan, revew, prortse, deconflct and co ordnate movements supportng deployment, redeployment and transportaton of sustanment supples to NATO and non NATO troop contrbutng natons forces durng exercses and operatons. The AMCCs plannng focuses normally at the strategc level, and ts responsbltes are multmodal. Its responsbltes nclude development/coordnaton of the natonal DDPs towards a Multnatonal DDP to support force deployment. It also supports sustanment, roulement and redeployment of NATO forces and equpment for NATO operatons. Ths ncludes developng multmodal solutons for strategc movements, wth the assstance of NAMSA and the PB&Cs where requred. It does not normally acqure transport assets for deployng forces, although t may be called upon to do so n cases where NATO HQs or NATO-owned assets are beng moved, or f assstance s specfically sought by natons. The AMCC accomplshes movement plannng as part of operatonal plannng (Statements of Requrements, Concepts of Operaton (CONOPs), analyss of potental Lnes of Communcaton (LOCs) and Ports of Debarkaton (PODs), and montors executon. It s also responsble for montorng, evaluatng, and adjustng actual movements once an operaton starts. AMCC works n close co-operaton wth other co ordnaton centres that provde support to NATO, such as the European Arlft Centre (EAC), the Strategc Ar Lft Co-ordnaton Cell (SALCC) and the Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre (SCC), both located n Endhoven, Netherlands, and the Athens Multnatonal Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre (AMSCC) n Greece. The Nations Sending Nations (SNs) are responsble to: - evelop the natonal Detaled Deployment Plan (DDP), n ADAMS d format, based on the Alled Dsposton Lst (ADL), whch ncludes the Desgnated NATO Commanders prortes; - ontrol the movement of natonal forces and natonal components c of multnatonal forces, takng nto account the NATO Commanders operatonal requrements; - etermne movement requrements and make necessary transportaton d arrangements and then work wth the SCs to dentfy shortfalls and surpluses n natonal M&T resources to meet the Allances movement requrements; - espond to requests to develop/execute arrangements for co operatve r use of lft wth other natons, n order to meet overall NATO prortes; - ontrol and co ordnate cvl and mltary transportaton resources n c support of natonal and, as requred, alled forces; and - rovde natonal lason/augmentaton to the AMCC and, as necessary, P to the HN Natonal Movement Co-ordnaton Centre (NMCC).
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Host Nations (HN) are responsble to: - ontrol and co ordnate movement of forces, on ther own terrtores, c takng nto account the desgnated NATO Commanders prortes and SNs requrements; - stablsh a NMCC and approprate executve movement control e organsaton for M&T co-ordnaton; - ontrol, support and execute ther portons of the RSOM plan, whch c has been made n close co-ordnaton wth the desgnated Jont Force Commander and SNs; - dentfy for the SC the status of M&T resources and nfrastructure n  support of an operaton; - s requred, make and/or mplement necessary arrangements and co a ordnate wth neghbourng natons to facltate border crossngs; - ontrol and operate natonal cvl and mltary transportaton resources c (e.g. personnel, facltes, equpment, nfrastructure) for natonal and NATO support; and - rovde lason/augmentaton to the AMCC, as necessary. p - onduct ether partally or totally the HN tasks and responsbltes set c out above, when actng as a HN; - hen actng as a SN for multnatonal headquarters groups and/or w unts wth a hgh degree of multnatonalty, fulfil all the respectve M&T tasks set out above; - s requred, take the lead n performng specfic M&T tasks as dentfied a by NATO n co-operaton wth the natons; and - stablsh arrangements for compensaton and/or rembursement for e those LN functons wth all partes nvolved.

Lead Nations (LNs) are responsble to:

REFERENCES MC 319/2 NATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs MC 336/2 NATO Prncples and Polces for Movement and Transportaton (M&T) AJP-4(A) Alled Jont Logstc Doctrne, AJP-4.4 Alled Jont Movement and Transportaton Doctrne ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 9

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER ADAMS ADL ADP ADR AMCC AMSCC AOR CRD CRO CONOPs DDP EAC HN HNS HQs IMS IS LN LOCs MNDDP M&T M&TG NMAs NMCC OPP PB&Cs Alled Deployment and Movement System Alled Dsposton Lst Automated Data Processng Annual Defence Revew Alled Movement Co-ordnaton Centre Athens Multnatonal Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre Area of Responsblty Commanders Requred Date Crss Response Operaton Concepts of Operaton Detaled Deployment Plan European Arlft Centre Host Naton Host Naton Support Headquarters Internatonal Mltary Staff Internatonal Staff Lead Naton Lnes of Communcaton Mult-Natonal Detaled Deployment Plan Movement and Transportaton Movement and Transportaton Group NATO Mltary Authortes Natonal Movement Co-ordnaton Centre Operatonal Plannng Process Transport Plannng Boards and Commttees
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ANNEX A

PODs RSOM SALCC SCs SCC SCEPC SHAPE SNs SNLC SOR

Ports of Debarkaton Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement Strategc Ar Lft Co-ordnaton Cell Strategc Commands Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee Supreme Alled Headquarters n Europe Sendng Natons Senor Natonal Logstcans Conference Statement of Requrement

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CHAPTER 10
PETROLEUM SUPPORT

Deployable Fuel Handling Equipment for Expeditionary Operations Main Bulk Fuel Installation at Kabul International Airport, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)

Fuel Pump and Filter Installation

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PETROLEUM SUPPORT Fuel is the life blood of modern armed forces. Without an adequate supply, nothing can happen. Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, 1942 INTRODUCTION Fuel s a commodty that s essental to NATOs defence plannng and s also necessary for sustanng socal and economc lfe. The MC-473 Drectve provdes gudance to NATO and natonal authortes on the polces, prncples and characterstcs of the NATO Petroleum Supply Chan. It also descrbes the NATO Ppelne System (NPS), the plannng crtera and reportng requrements and addresses crss management, legslatve and envronmental ssues. Further, t defines the responsbltes of the Natons, the NATO Ppelne Commttee1 and NATO Mltary Authortes. There are several commttees n NATO assocated wth fuels support and fuels supply plannng, whch can be generally grouped as those concerned wth: - vl preparedness to meet fuel problems wthn NATO; c - ulk dstrbuton and storage of fuels for mltary use by the NPS and b other assocated facltes; - xpedtonary operatons; e - r base, naval base and unt support; a - ltary fuels, ols, lubrcants and assocated products, and ther m relatonshp wth weapon systems, and all type of mltary equpment and vehcles; - etroleum plannng; and p - tandardsaton, nterchangeablty, nteroperablty and research on s fuels, ols and lubrcants and related products, as well as Petroleum Handlng Equpment (PHE).

CHAPTER 10

CIVIL PREPAREDNESS Cvl preparedness n the area of fuel s the responsblty of the AC/112 NATO Pipeline Committee (NPC) followng the demse of the Petroleum Planning Committee (PPC). The NPC has determned the organsaton and procedures needed to manage crss stuatons and lases wth the International Energy Agency and wth the AC/98 Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttees (SCEPC) Plannng Board for Inland Surface Transport (PBIST) and Industral Plannng Commttee (IPC) on matters of common nterest. A gude to the NATO bodes concerned wth the NPS and other petroleum bodes s provded at Annex A.
1) Authority is being sought to change the name of the NATO Pipeline Committee to the NATO Petroleum Committee to better reflect its role and responsibilities.

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BULK DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE OF FUELS IN THE NPS Although collectvely referred to as one system, the NPS conssts of nne separate and dstnct mltary storage and dstrbuton systems: Italy, Greece, Turkey (two separate systems - west and east), Norway, Portugal, the Unted Kngdom, the North European Ppelne System (NEPS) located n both Denmark and Germany, and the largest system, the Central Europe Ppelne System (CEPS) n Belgum, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The NPS n total conssts of some 14,500 km of ppelne runnng through 12 NATO natons wth ts assocated depots, connected ar bases, cvl arports, pump statons, refineres and entry ponts. Bulk dstrbuton s acheved usng facltes provded from the common-funded NATO Securty Investment Programme (NSIP). The networks are controlled by natonal organsatons, wth the excepton of the CEPS whch s a multnatonal system. Full detals of the NPS are contaned n the Charter of the Organsaton of the NPS and Assocated Fuel Facltes, C-M(2001)92. In addton to the above elements of the NPS, there are also fuel systems n the Czech Republc, Hungary, Poland, Span and the new member natons (Bulgara, Estona, Latva, Lthuana, Romana, Slovaka and Slovena). Whle those n the Czech Republc, Hungary and Poland are natonal systems, NATO mltary requrements have been ncorporated nto approved Capablty Packages (CPs) and the related projects are beng mplemented. A smlar exercse s beng conducted wth regard to the NATO mltary requrements n the new member natons. The Spansh system s purely natonal. The optmum utlsaton of NATO petroleum facltes n peacetme s a prerequste for the proper mantenance of the NPS and the necessary tranng of ts staff. Natons should use the facltes to the fullest extent practcable for mltary purposes and, thereafter, put spare capacty to commercal use provdng that does not detract from the prmacy of the mltary use of the system. There are no restrctons on the type of NATO fuel facltes that can be used for commercal purposes provded the mnmum safeguards are respected. EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS Expedtonary operatons requre NATO forces to operate away from the fixed nfrastructure of the NPS. To reduce the demand on strategc lft assets to carry fuel nto a theatre of operaton, maxmum use should be made of Host Naton Support (HNS) or n country resources, as avalable. Wthout such resources, NATO and partcpatng natons should strve to satsfy the operatonal fuel requrement, acheve economes of scale and ensure the qualty of fuel provded through multnatonal solutons such as Logstc Lead Naton or Role Specalst Naton, or a Fuels Multnatonal Integrated Logstc Unt as approprate. Such solutons should adhere to the Sngle Fuel Polcy and the modular concept descrbed below. AIR BASE, NAVAL BASE AND UNIT SUPPORT Ths s a user naton responsblty, although certan facltes may be provded under the NSIP such as fuel storage on ar bases and connectons to the NPS.
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MILITARY FUELS AND THE SINGLE FUEL POLICY The co ordnatng body for mltary fuels, ols, lubrcants and assocated products s AC/112 NATO Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Group (NF&LWG), whch s concerned wth the more detaled techncal aspects of mltary fuels ncludng the Sngle Fuel Polcy. Detals of avaton, ground and naval fuels used n NATO are provded at Annex B. Single Fuel Policy (SFP) The am of the orgnal Sngle Fuel Concept (SFC) was to acheve maxmum equpment nteroperablty through the use of a sngle fuel, namely F-34, on the battlefield for land-based mltary arcraft, vehcles and equpment. Snce ts ncepton as a concept n 1986, the adopton of the SFC has been supported by a number of studes and trals n Member and Partner natons. At ts Autumn meetng n 2004, the NPC adopted the SFC as the NATO Sngle Fuel Polcy. The SFP mplementaton process conssts of three stages. The first stage, now complete, was the replacement of F-40 wth F-34 for use by land-based mltary arcraft. The second stage s the replacement of desel fuel (F-54) wth F-34 n land-based vehcles and equpment wth compresson gnton or turbne engnes deployed on the battlefield. Ths stage s beng mplemented ndependently by each NATO and Partner naton n accordance wth ther own equpment replacement programmes, as reflected n correspondng Force and Partnershp Goals. The thrd stage conssts of the elmnaton of gasolne (F-67) from mltary use on the battlefield to the pont that the requrement for gasolne s so small that t could be suppled through natonal or blateral agreements (.e. by the use of jerry cans, drums or collapsble tanks). Ths stage s stll ongong but could be mplemented before the second stage s completed. There s, however, a growng requrement for F-67 for Unmanned Aeral Vehcles (UAV) and ths requrement s beng addressed by the NF&LWG and PHEWG wth the approprate UAV commttees. The ready and unversal avalablty of F-34 to a worldwde qualty standard has helped to promote the applcaton of the SFP. The logstc benefits of a sngle fuel are related to a varety of techncal, operatonal, economc and envronmental factors, but the major advantage s the smplficaton of the fuel supply chan and the supportng statc or deployable nfrastructure descrbed n MC 473, the Drectve for the NATO Petroleum Supply Chan. Detals of natons mplementaton of the SFP and the experences ganed n the process are promulgated bennally by the NF&LWG. DEPLOYABLE FUELS HANDLING EQUIPMENT (DFHE) THE MODULAR CONCEPT DFHE s a generc term coverng all specal-purpose, moble mltary equpment desgned to enable the supply of fuel quckly and efficently on operatons. It encompasses Tactcal Fuel Handlng Equpment (TFHE), Moble Ppelne Repar Equpment (MPRE) and the readly deployable components of any equpment system that are ntended to receve and dspense fuel. It excludes all fixed nfrastructure.

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In order to support the Allances new mssons, the emphass has shfted away from statc ppelne nfrastructure to the rapdly deployable support of NATOs expedtonary forces. To ths end, NATO has developed a modular concept whereby all fuel requrements can be satsfied through a combnaton of 13 dscrete but compatble modules of DFHE whch can receve, store and dstrbute fuel wthn any theatre of operaton. The concept, detaled n STANAG 4605/AFLP-7, also enables both NATO and Partner natons to combne ther capabltes to provde a multnatonal soluton to meet all fuel requrements. The modular concept forms the bass of the Alled Fuels Dstrbuton System model whch has been developed to assst wth the fuels supply plannng for expedtonary operatons usng the Fuel Consumpton Unts detaled n STANAG 2115 to determne requrements. PETROLEUM PLANNING Petroleum plannng s prmarly the responsblty of the NMAs, but such work s overseen by AC/112 WG/1 whch reports on ts actvtes n ths area to the NPC, as approprate. STANDARDISATION, INTERCHANGEABILITY, INTEROPERABILITY AND RESEARCH The NPC s the Taskng Authorty for some 50 STANAGs and Alled Fuels Logstc Publcatons (AFLPs) coverng fuels, lubrcants, assocated products and petroleum handlng equpment. These STANAGs are lsted n the NATO Standardsaton Agreements and Alled Publcatons Catalogue avalable on the NATO Standardsaton Agencys webste and are all releasable to Partner natons that are also able to attend all AC/112 meetngs n EAPC format. The Research and Technology Organsaton (RTO) deals wth varous aspects of fuel through ts Appled Vehcle Technology (AVT) Panel. REFERENCES C-M(2001)92 Charter of the Organsaton of the NATO Ppelne System and Assocated Fuel Facltes Drectve for the NATO Petroleum Supply Chan The Sngle Fuel Polcy

C-M(2003)30/MC-473 EAPC(NPC)D(2005)0002

EAPC(NPC-NFLWG)D(2005)0002 Implementaton of the NATO Sngle Fuel Polcy STANAG 2536 AC/112-D(2006)0007 MC 526 Alled Jont Petroleum Doctrne AJP-4.7 NATO Petroleum Crss Management Organsaton and Procedures Logstc Support for NATO Response Force (NRF) Operatons
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ANNEXES A G ude to the NATO bodes concerned wth the NPS and other petroleum bodes B C Ade Memore on fuels wthn NATO Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 10

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ANNEX B to Chapter 10

AIDE MEMOIRE ON FUELS2 IN NATO AVIATION FUELS NATO Code F-18 s a low leaded avaton gasolne for use n arcraft wth pston engnes.  Ths fuel s stll used by certan natons, mostly n arcraft meant for tranng purposes3. F-34 s a kerosene type avaton turbne fuel for use n land based mltary arcraft  gas turbne engnes4. The fuel contans a Fuel System Icng Inhbtor5 (S-1745) and a Lubrcty Improvng Addtve6 (S-1747) F-35 kerosene type avaton turbne fuel for use n land based mltary arcraft a gas turbne engnes7. Ths fuel s equvalent to F-34 but does not contan the addtves S-1745 and S-1747. F-37 s equvalent to F-34 but contans a thermal stablty addtve S-17498 9.  It s only used by certan natons and s not allowed for cross-servcng wthn NATO. F-40 s a wde cut type avaton turbne fuel for use n land based mltary arcraft  gas turbne engnes10. The fuel contans the Fuel System Icng Inhbtor (S1745) and the Lubrcty Improvng Addtve (S-1747). Only a few natons are stll usng ths type of fuel, manly for tranng purposes. It s also lsted wthn NATO as an emergency substtute for F-34/F-35. F-44 s a kerosene type avaton turbne fuel, hgh flash pont type, for use by  shp borne mltary arcraft gas turbne engne11. The fuel contans the addtves S-1745 and S 1747.

ANNEX B

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Further details about these fuels appear in Annex C to STANAG 1135. Also known as AVGAS. Also known as JP-8 or AVTUR/FSII. F-1745 is an additive which reduces the freezing point of water precipitated from the fuel due to cooling at high altitudes and it prevents the formation of ice crystals which restrict the flow of fuel to the engine. F-1747 enhances the lubricity properties of the aviation fuel. Known commercially as Jet-A1 or AVTUR. F-1749 is a thermal stability improver needed to inhibit deposit formation in the high temperature areas of the aircraft fuel system. F-37 is also known as JP-8+100.

10) Also known as AVTAG. 11) Also known as JP-5 or AVCAT.

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GROUND FUELS Gasolne F-67 unleaded gasolne automotve (mnmum 95 RON). It comples wth the European Standard EN 228 and s therefore nterchangeable wth commercal gasolne. Diesel Fuels F-54 s a mltary desgnaton gven to commercal desel fuel used n compresson gnton engnes. It comples wth European standard EN 590 and s equvalent to smlar US desel known as DF-2 and therefore nterchangeable wth commercal desel fuel. F-63 s a kerosene-type desel engne fuel. It s F-34 treated wth 0.1% by volume of mult-purpose addtve, S-1750 whch, n the context of the Sngle Fuel Polcy, s used to enhance the lubrcty and gnton performance of F-34 when requred. Ths fuel s ntended for land equpment only and must not be used for arcraft. S-1750 s a combned lubrcty and gnton mprovng addtve for ground fuels. NAVAL FUELS F-75 s a naval dstllate fuel wth low pour pont and used n hgh and medum speed compresson gnton engnes, gas turbnes, certan helcopters (for emergency use only) and steam rasng plant n shps. Some natons are usng ths fuel n ground equpment operated by compresson gnton engnes F-76 s the prmary naval dstllate fuel used n hgh and medum speed compresson gnton engnes, gas turbnes, certan helcopters (for emergency use only) and steam rasng plant n shps. F-76 may requre specal handlng and storage due to low temperature characterstcs.

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ANNEX C to Chapter 10

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER AFLPs AVT CEPS CPs DFHE HNS IPC MPRE NEPS NF&LWG NMAs NPC NPS NSIP PBIST PHE PPC RTO SCEPC SFC SFP STANAG TFHE UAV Alled Fuels Logstc Publcatons Appled Vehcle Technology Central Europe Ppelne System Capablty Packages Deployable Fuels Handlng Equpment Host Naton Support Industral Plannng Commttee Moble Ppelne Repar Equpment North European Ppelne System NATO Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Group NATO Mltary Authortes NATO Ppelne Commttee NATO Ppelne System NATO Securty Investment Programme Plannng Board for Inland Surface Transport Petroleum Handlng Equpment Petroleum Plannng Commttee Research and Technology Organsaton Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee Sngle Fuel Concept Sngle Fuel Polcy Standardsaton Agreement Tactcal Fuel Handlng Equpment Unmanned Aeral Vehcles

ANNEX C

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CHAPTER 11
MEDICAL SUPPORT

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CHAPTER 11
MEDICAL SUPPORT To the average military officer, the military surgeon is an unwillingly tolerated non combatant who clutters up the battlefield, causes transportation difficulties, gives cathartic pills, and makes the water taste bad...[but]... Generals have rarely won wars.... They more often gain credit for mopping up after the barrages of epidemics have taken their toll. - Hans Zinsser, 1935 INTRODUCTION MC 326/2 descrbes the NATO prncples and polces of operatonal medcal support. Ths document s complementary to the MC 319/2 and s lnked to other NATO polcy documents n a number of areas. The AJP 4.10, the Alled Jont Medcal Support Doctrne was approved as STANAG 2228 n February 2002 and s currently under revson. Accordng to the NATO 1999 Strategc Concept and the Mltary Gudance for the Mltary Implementaton of Allance Strategy (MC 400/2), the ablty to produce medcal support for war fightng s stll mportant but ths s no longer the only focus due to the ncreasng mportance and broad spectrum of NATO nonArtcle 5 Crss Response Operatons. The context n whch mltary medcal support must be provded has also changed due to recent changes n socety, medcne, mltary and threat. The medcal servces of each naton must be fully prepared to operate n a truly multnatonal envronment. Health and medcal care on operatons have ncreasngly become the responsblty of the Allances operatonal commanders and, at tmes, the medcal factors may even become the commanders man concern and a lmtng factor on operatonal decsons. MISSION OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE An effectve and relable mltary medcal support system must contrbute to preserve the fightng strength but must also meet the ncreasng publc expectaton of an ndvduals rght to health and hgh qualty treatment outcomes. By the preventon of dseases, the rapd treatment of the njured, wounded or dseased and ther medcal evacuaton and eventual recovery and return to duty, the medcal servces make a major contrbuton to force protecton and sustanablty. But health s not merely the absence of njury or dsease. In an operatonal context, health s the ablty to carry out dutes unmpeded by physcal, psychologcal or socal problems. In such a way, health becomes a key force multpler of fightng power. STANDARDS OF HEALTHCARE Compliance with the Laws of War and Humanitarian Conventions The conduct of medcal actvtes wll comply wth the rules lad down under The Hague and Geneva Conventons. In any case, these prncples define the mnmum acceptable standard. Wthout dscrmnaton, all enttled sck, njured,
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or wounded shall be treated on the bass of ther clncal needs and medcal resources avalable. Medical Ethics and Legal Constraints Medcal personnel have addtonal ndvdual responsbltes to the ethcal and natonal legal requrements of ther own clncal professon. Standards of Care Provided Organsaton, tranng, envronment and equpment affect the outcome of the clncal care. The standards should be acceptable to all partcpatng natons. The qualty of the outcome of the medcal care must be guded by the concepts of Clncal Governance and Evdence Based Medcne. Standardsaton n procedures, equpment and tranng promotes nteroperablty and multnatonalty. Primacy of Clinical Needs Clncal needs must be the prncpal factor governng the prorty, tmng and means of a patents medcal care and evacuaton. Spectrum of Medical Responsibilities Medcal care s provded on a progressve bass rangng from preventve medcne, first ad, emergency resusctaton and stablsaton of vtal functons, to evacuaton and defintve specalsed care. Treatment Philosophy for Mass Casualty Situations In operatonal stuatons where large numbers of casualtes are beng sustaned, a shft n approach s requred to ensure that the best possble qualty of care s gven to all. The prmary medcal responsblty s to provde such treatment that ensures that the casualty reach the next stage n the chan n a stable condton. As long as a large flow contnues and s expected, the mnmum treatment compatble wth further evacuaton s gven n order to conserve medcal effort and benefit the greatest number of casualtes. Fitness for Evacuation The clncal condton of the patent wll govern the prorty, tmng, means and destnaton of evacuaton. Co-ordnaton by medcal regulatng staff s requred. Medical Confidentiality Patent medcal nformaton s not to be communcated to any ndvdual or organsaton that does not have a medcal need to know, except as requred by natonal polcy for that natons patent. Patient Welfare The general welfare of patents s an mportant element of ther health. Partcular ssues wll be communcaton wth relatves, management of personal effects, psychologcal support, socal and sprtual welfare.
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OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES Responsibility for the Health of NATO Forces Natons retan the ultmate responsblty for the provson of medcal support to ther forces allocated to NATO. However, upon Transfer of Authorty, the NATO commander shares the responsblty for the health and medcal support of assgned forces. The approprate NATO Commander, n consultaton wth contrbutng natons and consderng the opnon of hs medcal advsor, s responsble for determnng the medcal support requrements (Statement of Requrements). Multnatonal arrangements may requre more responsblty of the NATO commander. NATO Commanders Medical Authority The NATO Commander s granted co ordnatng authorty over medcal assets to best support hs plans. Principal Components of Deployed Health Care A deployed medcal system comprses a command and control structure, an ntegrated system of treatment and evacuaton and medcal logstcs. The prncple components of operatonal health care, around whch the medcal system s bult, are medcal force protecton, emergency medcne, prmary care, secondary care and evacuaton. The requred medcal capablty and ther locatons wll be prncpally determned by the tme-related constrants of the medcal care, the commanders campagn plan and casualty estmates. Fitness and Health Standards Indvduals allocated for NATO operatons must acheve the basc standards of ndvdual fitness and health predetermned by natonal polcy pror to ther deployment. Treatment Timelines - Advanced Trauma Care. A hgh percentage of personnel sufferng from serous trauma on operatons wll have an ncreased chance of survval f they receve prompt and approprate care. The gudelne for NATO operatons s that advanced trauma care should be avalable wthn one hour of njury. - urgical Planning Timeline. Prompt medcal evacuaton to a stable S ntensve care envronment and, where necessary surgery, s essental to the survval of severely njured casualtes and ther qualty of outcome. The prncple medcal plannng tmelne for deployments should be to provde prmary surgery wthn one hour. However, when ths s not reasonably practcable, the plannng tmelnes may be extended to two hours for the provson of Damage Control Surgery (DCS) and four hours for Prmary Surgery. - Exceptional Circumstances. Valdated contngency plans must be n place for those specfic operatonal stuatons, such as martme
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and Specal Forces operatons, when the gudelnes above cannot practcably be appled. Continuity of Care Patents (wounded, njured and ll) passng through the medcal system must be gven care, whch s contnuous, relevant and progressve. In transt, care must be avalable durng the whole chan of evacuaton. Environment Medcal unts should provde the best possble clncal envronment for casualty care, whch s compatble wth ther role and operatonal stuaton. Force Health Protection Dsease and Non-Battle Injury (DNBI) s an ever-present health rsk to personnel. The prmary responsblty of medcal support s the mantenance of health through the preventon of dsease and njury. The defence aganst Weapons of Mass Destructon (WMD) requres an ntegrated approach ncludng vaccnaton, chemoprophylaxs, personal and collectve protecton. Whenever there s a suspected or confirmed outbreak of a contagous dsease, the commander must be gven medcal advce on Restrcton of Movement (ROM). Planning Plannng for medcal support must be part of both contngency and operatonal plans. A medcal staff wth the adequate levels of rank and experence must be functonng at the NATO HQ of the Force Commander from the outset of a contngency plannng process. Medcal support plannng must be specfic for each operaton. Approprate medcal plannng staff must be supported by an operatonal medcal ntellgence system to estmate the rsk, predct the casualty rates and develop comprehensve plans. Medcal support concepts, plans, structures, operatng procedures must be understood and agreed by all nvolved. The medcal support should ensure a surge capablty to deal wth peak casualty rates n excess of expected daly rates. Readiness of the Medical Support System and Transition from Peace to Crisis or Conflict Medcal elements need to be as well prepared and as avalable for deployment as the forces they support. Medcal readness and avalablty must be sufficent to allow for a smooth transton from peacetme to crss or conflct posture. Mobility Medcal unts must be as strategcally and tactcally dynamc, moble, and responsve as the forces they support.

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NATO and National Co-operation Co-ordnaton and co-operaton between NATO and natonal mltary and cvlan authortes s essental and must be carred out at all approprate levels to ensure optmsed medcal support. Multinationality Multnatonal medcal solutons have consderable potental to reduce the burden of ther provson upon ndvdual natons. However, the exstence of natonal dfferences, such as varyng clncal protocols, dfferent language and legal restrctons, can make ths complex. Jont multnatonal tranng n peace s necessary for multnatonalty to work well n operatons. Roles of Care Capabilities Deployable Medcal Treatment Facltes (MTFs) are classfied accordng to ther treatment capablty n a system of roles, progressvely numbered from 1 to 4. A comprehensve operatonal medcal structure wll normally contan elements of all four roles. Most of the capabltes of each role are ntrnsc to the next hgher role. Generally casualtes progress through the system from role 1 upwards. - Role 1 medcal support provdes for routne prmary health care, specalsed first ad, trage, resusctaton and stablsaton. It s a natonal responsblty and s ntegral or allocated to a small unt. - Role 2 provdes an ntermedate capablty for the recepton and trage of casualtes, as well as beng able to perform resusctaton and treatment of shock to a hgher techncal level than Role 1. It s prepared to provde evacuaton from Role 1 facltes. It routnely ncludes Damage Control Surgery (DCS) and may nclude a lmted holdng faclty for the short-term holdng of casualtes untl they can return to duty or evacuated. Role 2 may also nclude dentstry, envronmental health and psychatry and psychology. It s a natonal or lead naton responsblty, usually allocated at Brgade or larger sze unts. - Role 3 s desgned to provde secondary care wthn the restrctons of the Theatre Evacuaton Polcy. Role 3 medcal support s deployed hosptalsaton and the elements requred to support t. Ths ncludes a msson-talored varety of clncal specaltes ncludng prmary surgery and dagnostc support. It s natonal or lead naton responsblty and may be multnatonal. It provdes medcal support at Dvson level and above. - Role provdes the full spectrum of defintve medcal care that can 4 not be deployed to theatre or s too tme consumng to be conducted there. It s normally provded n the country of orgn or the home country of another Alled. In many NATO natons, Role 4 s provded for wthn the natonal cvl health system.

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Evacuation Resources The operatonal commander establshes the evacuaton polcy after consultaton wth the medcal plannng staff, the operatonal and logstc staff and the natons. There are three categores of medcal evacuaton, whch apples to sea, land and ar systems. They are forward, tactcal (wthn theatre) and strategc (out-of-theatre) evacuaton. The medcal evacuaton system requres the followng capabltes: - avalablty 24 hours a day; - contnuty of medcal care throughout the evacuaton; and - casualty regulaton of the flow and drecton of ndvdual patents.

National Medical Liaison Teams Natonal Medcal Lason Teams must be planned n advance to have an efficent lason system between natonal contngents and theatre medcal resources such as hosptals, evacuaton control cells and the NATO commanders medcal staff. Provision of NonEmergency Treatment Polcy must be establshed regardng the enttlement of nonmltary staffs and other authorsed personnel for all non-emergency medcal care. MEDICAL LOGISTICS The medcal logstc system must be well regulated, efficent and cost effectve. Medcal materel has unque characterstcs such as protected status, extensve natonal and nternatonal regulatons, specal handlng requrements, short notce clncal demands and natonal restrctons. Blood/blood products and medcal gasses are two supply tems of specal mportance for operatonal purposes. The avalablty of medcal materel whch ncludes supply rates and re supply must be n accordance wth the requred levels of readness and sustanablty durng peace, crss and conflct. MILITARY MEDICAL SUPPORT RESPONSES TO DISASTER RELIEF AND CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT SITUATIONS Comprehensve NATO gudance exsts n relaton to dsaster relef operatons. MC 327 provdes polcy on the plannng and conduct of non-Artcle 5 Crss Response Operatons. MC 343 outlnes the prncples of mltary assstance n humantaran emergences not connected to any mltary operaton. MC 411 addresses cvl-mltary nterfaces, ncludng mltary support for humantaran emergences, wthn the context of other operatons when NATO forces are already deployed or to be deployed. Alled Medcal Publcaton 15 provdes detaled gudance on Mltary Medcal Support n Dsaster Relef. Consequence Management (CM) s the use of reactve measures to mtgate the destructve effects of terrorsm. Whle CM remans the responsblty of natonal
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cvl authortes, the Allance can provde a wde range of support ncludng some crucal capabltes such as command, control and communcaton, logstcs, engneer, medcal, decontamnaton, explosve ordnance dsposal and securty capabltes. THE COMMITTEE OF CHIEFS OF MILITARY MEDICAL SERVICES IN NATO (COMEDS) COMEDS s the hghest mltary medcal authorty wthn NATO. It was establshed n 1993 as a senor NATO body to gve medcal advce to the Mltary Commttee. It acts as a central pont and facltator for the development and coordnaton of mltary medcal matters. The Commttee s composed of the hghest mltary medcal representatves of NATO and Partner natons, as well as the senor medcal advsors of the Internatonal Mltary Staff and both Strategc Commands. It meets n NATO only and EAPC formats and provdes an annual report to the Mltary Commttee. Currently, Germany provdes the Charman, the Secretary and the Staff Officer. The secretarat s located wthn NATO Headquarters. The Staff Officer acts as Lason Officer wth the IMS medcal staff. The Charman of the Jont Medcal Commttee partcpates as an observer. Adaptng to the multple medcal challenges of a rapdly changng securty envronment, the COMEDS has expanded ts lasons, observer and co operaton arrangements. These nclude the Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC), the Weapons of Mass Destructon Centre (WMDC), Research and Technology Organsaton (RTO) Human Factors and Medcne Panel (HFM). The COMEDS Plenary meets b annually. The Sprng meetng takes place n a NATO naton, Autumn meetngs are held at NATO HQ. COMEDS has become the prncpal taskng authorty for most NATO medcal standardsaton matters and has been playng an mportant role n promotng new relatonshps wth PfP and Medterranean Dalogue (MD) countres. COMEDS has also expanded ts role n the areas of Weapons of Mass Destructon. It has currently 10 subordnated Workng Groups, whch focus on specalsed fields of mltary medcne. THE JOINT MEDICAL COMMITTEE (JMC) The JMC s one of the commttees and plannng boards subordnated to the Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee (SCEPC). Its msson s to carry out nternatonal co-ordnaton of cvl and mltary medcal plannng. One of the major areas of emphass has been on the medcal response to crss and dsaster ncludng the cvl hosptal readness to receve large numbers of combat casualtes and the cvl support to aeromedcal evacuaton. The JMC has followed the actons of the medcal part of the Cvl Protecton Acton Plan to defend cvl populaton aganst CBRN acts of terrorsm. The JMC provdes cvl experts n varous medcal dscplnes to assst n operatonal plannng and crss response, and provdes the prmary medcal advce to the North Atlantc Councl, through the SCEPC, durng crses.

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REFERENCES The Geneva Conventons of 1949, (ncorporatng the Hague Protocols of 1907) The Addtonal Protocols to the Geneva Conventons of 1997 C-M (1999) 21 C-M (2001) 44 MC 55/4 MC 319/2(MILDEC) MC 326/2 MC 327/2 MC 334/2 MC 335 MC 336/2 MC 343/1 MC 400/2 MC 411/1 MC 469 MC 472 MC 477 AJP 4.10 AMedP-13 AD 85-8 ACE The Allances Strategc Concept NATO Polcy on Co-operaton n Logstcs NATO Logstc Readness and Sustanablty NATO Prncples and Polces for Logstcs NATO Prncples and Polces of Operatonal Medcal Support. NATO Mltary Polcy for non-Artcle 5 Operatons. NATO Prncples and Polces for Host Naton Support Establshment of the Chef of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO (COMEDS) NATO Prncples and Polces for Movement and Transportaton NATO, Mltary Assstance to Internatonal Dsaster Relef Operatons (IDRO) MC Gudance for the Mltary Implementaton of Allance Strategy NATO Mltary Polcy on Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton NATO Mltary Prncples and Polces for Envronmental Protecton NATO Mltary Concept for Defence aganst Terrorsm Mltary Concept for the NATO Response Force Alled Jont Medcal Support Doctrne NATO Glossary of Medcal Terms and Defintons Medcal Support Prncples , Polces and Plannng Parameters

ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 11

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER CBRN CM COMEDS DCS DNBI HFM JMC MTFs RTO ROM SCEPC SNLC WMD WMDC Chemcal, Bologcal, Radologcal and Nuclear Consequence Management Commttee of Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces IN NATO Damage Control Surgery Dsease and Non-Battle Injury Human Factors and Medcne Panel Jont Medcal Commttee Medcal Treatment Facltes Research and Technology Organsaton Restrcton of Movement Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttee Senor NATO Logstcans Conference Wapons of Mass Destructon Weapons of Mass Destructon Centre

ANNEX A

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CHAPTER 12
LOGISTIC OUTREACH ACTIVITIES

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LOGISTIC OUTREACH ACTIVITIES Without supplies neither a general nor a soldier is good for anything. - Clearchus of Sparta, 401 B.C. PARTNERSHIPS WITH NATO The Partnershp for Peace (PfP) has proven a very successful programme for brngng Partner countres nto consultaton wth the Alles and for ntegratng Partner capabltes nto NATO-led operatons. In the last years, Russa and Ukrane substantally enhanced and upgraded to a new level ther relatons wth NATO through establshng a dstnctve Partnershp wth NATO. New fora were establshed: the NATO Russa Councl (NRC) and the NATO Ukrane Commsson (NUC), as a means to facltate regular consultaton and dscusson of securty matters. Other complementary programmes have been set up outsde the PfP, but usng the methodology and workng tools of the PfP ntatve. Logstc cooperaton s a component of each of these programmes. Its man objectves are: - xchange of nformaton; e - armonsaton of natonal logstc/medcal concept, prncples, polces, h doctrne and procedures wth NATO logstc/medcal concepts, prncples, polces, doctrne, drectve, technques and procedures; - ranng personnel for all functonal areas of logstcs, ncludng t Command and Control (C2) and Movement and Transportaton (M&T); - evelopment of natonal logstc/medcal structures and capabltes d vable, affordable and nteroperable; - mprovement of the nteroperablty of the natonal logstc/medcal  capabltes through mplementaton of the Partnershp Goals (PGs) and NATO Standardsaton Agreements (STANAGs); - evelopment of Host Naton Support (HNS) arrangements, structures d and database (Capabltes Catalogue -CAPCAT); and - amlarsaton wth NATO Logstc Informaton Systems and Tools, f e.g. Alled Deployment and Movement System (ADAMS), NATO Codficaton System (NCS), NATO Fuels, Integrated Logstc Support (ILS), Lfe Cycle Management (LCM) concepts and ntatves.

CHAPTER 12

Standing Group for Partner Logistic Experts (SG PLE) Wth the establshment of the SG PLE n February 2000, the Partners have been well ntegrated nto the actvtes of the Senor NATO Logstcans Conference (SNLC) and ts subordnate groups. The SG PLE s under gudance of the Logstcs Staff Meetng (LSM) wth Partners and the Movement and Transportaton Group (M&TG) wth Partners and s an open forum to address logstc topcs of nterest
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to PfP natons, LSM wth Partners and M&TG wth Partners members. The SG PLE s descrbed n Chapter 2. Standing Group for Partner Medical Experts (SG PME) In 2001, the Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO (COMEDS) Plenary Meetng set up a SG PME. In co-operaton wth the Strategc Commanders, ths wll provde a forum where medcal assets and capabltes, PfP goals and medcal pre-arrangements wll be addressed. PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE General The PfP programme was launched n December 1994. Partners have joned and contrbuted greatly to NATO led efforts to ensure securty n Europe and beyond. The Partnershp plays an mportant role n nternatonal stablty and securty, n lne wth the basc objectve of the PfP ntatve, .e. strengthen and extend peace and stablty n the Euro-Atlantc area. Its objectves are: - oltcal dalogue and practcal co-operaton on a broad range of p nternatonal and approprate domestc ssues of common concerns, n partcular those related to terrorsm and other evolvng threats to securty; - efence reforms and restructurng of defence nsttutons n order to d establsh modern, effectve, efficent, affordable and democratcally responsble state defence nsttutons under cvlan and democratc control, whch wll be able to support nternatonal securty cooperaton; - reparng nterested Partners for partcpaton n NATO led Artcle 5 p and non Artcle 5 operatons through supportng the Partners efforts to transform ther defence and develop mltary nteroperablty and capabltes that provde a hghly valuable contrbuton to NATO; - upport Partners who wth to jon the Allance, consstent wth the s open door polcy enshrned n the Washngton Treaty and PfP Invtaton Document.

Political Military Steering Committee (PMSC) The PMSC s the basc workng group wth responsblty for PfP matters. It meets n varous configuratons, ether n NATO only or n EAPC format. The PMSC Clearng House s a non-decson makng body, wthout polcy responsbltes, that provdes an nformal forum for dscussons on future assstance programmes and projects based on nformaton data that should be coherent wth other PfP mechansms. Partnership Co-ordination Cell (PCC) The PCC s a unque PfP structure, located at the Supreme Headquarters Alled Powers Europe (SHAPE) n Mons (Belgum). The PCC, whch s outsde
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the NATO mltary structure co ordnates jont mltary actvtes wthn PfP, carres out the mltary plannng necessary to mplement the mltary aspects of the Euro Atlantc Partnershp Work Programme and partcpates n the evaluaton of such mltary actvtes. It s a pont of contact where Partner countres can lase and actvely contrbute to the co-ordnaton work for PfP. The Partnership for Peace Planning and Review Process (PARP) The PARP s a crucal element n fosterng mltary nteroperablty and preparng prospectve members of NATO accesson. The PARP mechansm, whch s offered to Partners on an optonal bass, covers a two year plannng cycle s modelled on NATOs own forces plannng system. Plannng targets, or Partnershp Goals (PGs), are negotated wth each partcpatng country, followng whch progress made s extensvely measured. There are many logstc related PGs, amed at assstng Partner natons n developng nteroperablty of logstc structures and n contrbutng logstcally to NATO-led operatons. Euro-Atlantic Partnership Work Programme (EAPWP) The EAPWP, whch s the central mechansm of NATO co operaton wth PfP countres, ncludes mltary and non-mltary actvtes. It covers a two year perod but s revewed annually. Its two man components are the overarchng gudance and the lst of supportng actvtes organsed by Area of Co-operaton (AOC), whch s lnked to relevant objectves and Mltary Tasks for Interoperablty (MTIs). The EAPWP s the source of selected actvtes n support of other programmes. PfP Trust Fund The PfP Trust Fund am s to assst Partner countres n the safe destructon of ther Ant-personnel Landmnes (APLs) stockples, surplus muntons, unexploded ordnance and Small Arms and Lght Weapons (SALW). Actually, the framework of the Trust Fund polcy was extended to allow assstng Partner natons to manage the consequences of defence reform. Ths may nclude but s not restrcted to projects promotng cvl and democratc reform of the armed forces, retranng of mltary personnel, base converson and promotng effectve defence plannng and budgetng under democratc control. The decson of whether or not permttng the establshment of a Trust Fund s the sole prerogatve of the Alles. Operational Capabilities Concept (OCC) The OCC represents a more ntegrated approach to mltary co-operaton, amed at mprovng the mltary effectveness of multnatonal forces. It lnks together the normal co operaton n the context of the PfP and NATO force generaton process whch s actvated n crss. Other OCC central features are the pool of forces and capabltes database, assessment and feedback mechansms and enablng mechansms. As part of the mplementaton of the OCC, nteroperablty standards and related assessments are harmonsed wth respectve NATO mechansms.

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NATO-RUSSIA LOGISTIC CO-OPERATION Intensfied co-operaton n logstcs was ntated after the 2002 Rome Summt. Accordngly, n June 2002 NATO and Russa set up three expert groups on logstcs: Logstcs, Ar Transport (AT) and Ar-to-Ar Refuellng (AAR) n order to enhance ther practcal co-operaton. Recognsng the ncreasng mportance of logstc co operaton and the need to co ordnate the cvl and mltary aspects of modern defence logstcs, NRC Ambassadors at ther meetng on 26 January 2004 establshed an Ad Hoc Workng Group (AHWG) on Logstcs, the NRC(LOG), replacng the three expert groups. The NRC(LOG) s descrbed n Chapter 2. NATO-UKRAINE LOGISTIC CO-OPERATION The Charter on a Dstnctve Partnershp between NATO and Ukrane was sgned n July 1997. It whch remans the basc foundaton of the NATO Ukrane relatonshp and snce ts sgnature, co-operaton wth Ukrane has developed n all areas foreseen under the Charter. Ukrane has a unque ablty to contrbute logstcally to NATO led operatons and a framework for logstcs co-operaton has therefore been developed to assst wth further progress. Ths framework ams at enhancng logstc co operaton by dentfyng the lnkages between key mltary goals, key logstcs goals and the logstc objectves of those goals. It also establshes prncples gudng future ntatves and projects that wll strengthen logstc co-operaton. In November 2002, NUC Foregn Mnsters adopted the NATO-Ukrane Acton Plan, pursuant to the decson of the NUC to deepen and broaden the NATO-Ukrane relatonshp, and to reflect Ukranes Strategy on Relatons wth the North Atlantc Treaty Organsaton. MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE (MD) General The MD was ntated n 1994 wth a vew to contrbutng to regonal securty and stablty n the Medterranean area. The MD s composed of seven countres: Algera, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Maurtana and Tunsa. In May 2001, the North Atlantc Councl agreed to the partcpaton of MD countres n carefully selected NATO/PfP exercses. MD countres are authorsed to take part n SG PLE meetngs. Mediterranean Co-operation Group (MCG) The MCG, whch was establshed n 1997, enhances the MD ntatve by provdng a forum drectly nvolvng MD and Alled countres n poltcal dscussons. The MCG focuses on enhancng the Dalogues poltcal dmenson, achevng nteroperablty, co operatng n the fields of border securty and defence reform and contrbutng to the fight aganst terrorsm. Mediterranean Co-operation Working Plan (MDWP) The MDWP, whch s the central mechansm of NATO co-operaton wth MD countres, ncludes mltary and non-mltary actvtes. It covers a two
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year perod but s revewed annually. Selected NATO/PfP events, actvtes and exercses are opened for attendance by representatves of the Medterranean Dalogue and the Istanbul Co operaton Intatve (ICI), ether as actve partcpants or as observers. ISTANBUL CO-OPERATION INITIATIVE (ICI) The ICI was launched at the June 2004 Summt to expand the MD framework whle respectng the MD specficty. It concerns countres n the broader regon of the Mddle East. Ths ntatve ams at promotng practcal co operaton wth nterested countres, startng wth the countres of the Gulf Co-operaton Countres (GCC), .e. Bahran, Kuwat, Oman, Qatar, Saud Araba and Unted Arab Emrates. It offers talored advce on defence reform, defence budgetng and plannng, promotng cvl-mltary and mltary to mltary co operaton to contrbute to nteroperablty, fightng terrorsm addressng the prolferaton of weapons of mass destructon and ther delvery means; and fightng llegal traffickng. Logstc co operaton focuses on provdng ICI countres wth access to NATO logstc courses and wth talored actvtes, as may be requested. Istanbul Co-operation Initiative Group (ICIG) Followng the launchng of the ICI n 2004, t has been agreed that the mandate of the MCG be extended to nclude responsblty for ICI related matters whle mantanng the possblty for ths group to meet ether n ts MCG or ICIG configuraton n order to reflect the specficty of the MD. The ICIG ensures the overall co ordnaton of the mplementaton of all aspects of the Istanbul decson. In lne wth ths decson, NATO develops and offers a menu of practcal actvtes wthn the agreed prorty areas for possble development wth nterested countres of the regon. REFERENCES Not avalable. ANNEX A Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 12

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER AAR ADAMS AHWG AOC APLs AT C2 CAPCAT COMEDS GCC HNS ICI ICIG ILS LCM LSM MCG MD MDWP M&T M&TG MTIs NAC NCS NRC Ar-to-Ar Refuellng Alled Deployment and Movement System Ad Hoc Workng Group Area of Co-operaton Ant-Personnel Landmnes Ar Transport Command and Control Capabltes Catalogue Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO Gulf Co-operaton Countres Host Naton Support Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve Group Integrated Logstc Support Lfe Cycle Management Logstcs Staff Meetng Medterranean Co-operaton Group Medterranean Dalogue Medterranean Co-operaton Workng Plan Movement and Transportaton Movement and Transportaton Group Mltary Tasks for Interoperablty North Atlantc Councl NATO Codficaton System NATO-Russa Councl
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ANNEX A

NUC OCC PARP PCC PfP PGs PMSC SALW SHAPE SG PLE SNLC STANAGs

NATO Ukrane Commsson Operatonal Capabltes Concept Partnershp for Peace Plannng and Revew Process Partnershp Co-ordnaton Cell Partnershp for Peace Partnershp Goals Poltcal Mltary Steerng Commttee Small Arms and Lght Weapons Supreme Headquarters Alled Powers Europe Standng Group for Partner Logstc Experts Senor NATO Logstcans Conference NATO Standardsaton Agreements

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CHAPTER 13
PRODUCTION LOGISTICS

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PRODUCTION LOGISTICS For the want of a nail, the shoe was lost For the want of a shoe, the horse was lost For the want of a horse the rider was lost For the want of a rider the battle was lost. - Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, 1790 INTRODUCTION Unlke consumer logstcs, whch s concerned wth provdng drect logstc support to mltary forces, producton logstcs largely belongs to the ndustral doman. The Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors (CNAD) has the man responsblty for NATO armaments co-operaton, but other commttees and bodes are also nvolved n armaments related co-operaton wthn the Allance. The Defence Investment (DI) Dvson of the Internatonal Staff (IS) s the pont of contact for matters of producton logstcs at NATO Headquarters. Responsblty for equppng and mantanng mltary forces rests wth the member natons of NATO. In most cases, research, development and producton of equpment s organsed by each country n accordance wth ts natonal requrements and commtments to NATO. However, armaments co-operaton wthn the Allance contrbutes to meetng the NATO Strategc Commanders capablty requrements and enablng the nteroperablty of forces n NATO operatons. METHODS FOR ARMAMENTS CO-OPERATION There are varous ways n whch co-operaton n armaments can be acheved, such as: Agreements on Production, i.e. agreements to - anufacture dentcal equpment n varous countres m - roduce one part of a famly of weapons, e.g. one naton undertakes p producton of a short-range weapon, whlst others produce medum and long-range versons; - urchase equpment produced by other natons; and p - et up a jont nternatonal producton agency for equpment. s

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Agreements on Standardisation, i.e. agreements: - o ensure that certan natonal equpments are compatble wth those t of other natons; - o ensure equpments are nteroperable; and t - n the use of nterchangeable components. o
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CONFERENCE OF NATIONAL ARMAMENTS DIRECTORS (CNAD) - AC/259 It s under the aegs of the CNAD that most of the effort amed at dentfyng opportuntes for collaboraton n the research, development and producton of mltary equpment and weapon systems takes place. The CNAD, whch meets n full sesson twce a year, s chared by the Secretary General. The permanent Charman s the Assstant Secretary General (ASG) for Defence Investment. It brngs together the Natonal Armament Drectors of member natons, representatves from the Mltary Commttee (MC) and Strategc Command (SCs), the charmen of ts man groups and other cvl and mltary authortes wth an nterest n producton logstcs. The CNAD s drectly responsble for the followng four key elements for co-operaton: - he harmonsaton of mltary requrements on an Allance-wde bass; t - he promoton of essental battlefield nteroperablty; t - he pursut of co-operatve opportuntes dentfied by the CNAD and t the promoton of mproved transatlantc co-operaton; and - he development of crtcal technologes, ncludng expanded t technology sharng.

CNAD Sub structure The CNAD sub structure conssts of Man Groups (level 1), wth supportng level 2 subject area management groups and level 3 expert workng groups. Informaton on the CNAD structure s avalable on the Armaments Informaton Management System (AIMS) on the NATO ntranet, or on the NATO publc webste. The level 1 CNAD groups are the followng: CNAD Main Armaments Groups coverng land, sea and ar warfare: - NATO Naval Armaments Group (NNAG) - AC/141; - NATO Ar Force Armaments Group (NAFAG) - AC/224; and - NATO Army Armaments Group (NAAG) - AC/225. - NATO Industrial Advisory Group (NIAG) - provdes ndustry advce to the CNAD on ndustral, techncal, economc, management and other relevant aspects of research, development and producton of armaments wthn the Allance. The prmary focus s the conduct of NIAG studes to provde technology advce for programme development efforts under the CNAD. - Life Cycle Management Group - AC/327 - s responsble, on behalf of the CNAD, for NATO polces, methods, use and support of armaments systems to meet NATO lfe cycle, qualty and nteroperablty requrements. - CNAD Ammunition Safety Group AC/326 - s responsble, on behalf of the CNAD, for promotng ammunton safety through the
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The CNAD Main Groups consst of:

lfe cycle and provdes standards and gudance for muntons safety desgn, testng, transportaton, handlng and storage ncludng n NATO operatons. - Group f National Directors on Codification - AC/135. Ths Group o s concerned wth the development, mplementaton and mantenance of a NATO Codficaton System (NCS) n support of Alled Forces. It works closely wth, and receves secretaral support from, the NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) whch can be regarded as ts executve arm.

The CNAD Ad Hoc Groups dealng wth specal armaments projects are the followng: - Alliance Ground Surveillance Steering Committee - AC/259(Surv) - Missile Defence Ad Hoc Group - AC/259(MDAHG)

National Armaments Directors Representatives (NADREPS) assgned to natonal delegatons to NATO and representng ther Natonal Armaments Drectors. NADREPS meet generally every two weeks and hold regular meetngs wth Partner naton NADREPS. They oversee the CNAD Management Plan and act as the NATO Headquarters focal ponts for ther respectve Natonal Armaments Drectors. OTHER NATO COMMITTEES AND BODIES INVOLVED IN ARMAMENTS CO OPERATION Other NATO commttees and bodes are also nvolved n certan aspects of armaments co-operaton. NATO Air Defence Committee (NADC) The NADC s chared by the Deputy Secretary General and meets twce a year. It advses the North Atlantc Councl and the Defence Plannng Commttee (DPC) on all aspects of ar defence programme development for NATO and the adjacent sea areas. It has two subordnate panels: - Panel on Ar Defence Phlosophy (PADP); and - Panel on Ar Defence Weapons (PADW).

NATO Project Steering Committees (NPSC) A NATO Project s a formal status conferred by the CNAD on an armaments co operaton project that s subject to the followng condtons: - wo or more NATO natons partcpate n the project; t - there s a commtment to report progress annually to CNAD untl the equpment has been produced or the project otherwse termnated; and - rovson s ncluded for the admsson of other nterested NATO p countres, subject to the acceptance of reasonable and equtable condtons to be provded by the partcpatng countres.
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A NPSC s a body composed of natonal representatves establshed by an ntergovernmental agreement between two or more NATO natons n order to coordnate, execute or supervse an equpment procurement programme whch has qualfied as a NATO PROJECT. A number of projects contnue to enjoy formal NATO status under the terms of the CNAD Charter. A lst of NPSCs s provded at Annex A. Research and Technology Organisation (RTO) The governng body of the NATO Research and Technology Organsaton s the Research and Technology Board (RTB) whch s composed of natonal delegates drawn from government, ndustry and academa. The RTB has been desgnated by the Councl as the sngle focus wthn NATO for the conduct of nternatonal collaboratve defence Research and Technology (R&T), and the coordnaton of other R&T actvtes and ssues. The Charman of the RTB reports to both the CNAD and the MC. The RTO s supported by the Research and Technology Agency (RTA), Pars (France). The prmary work of the RTO s conducted by networks of natonal experts, nvolved n collaboratve research projects, mltary studes and nformaton exchange actvtes across a wde range of technology dscplnes. NATO Consultation, Command and Control Organisation (NC3O) As a result of a Councl decson, the NATO C3 Organsaton (NC3O) came nto beng n July 1996. The work of the NATO C3 Communty s overseen by the NATO C3 Board (NC3B) whch meets twce a year wth representaton from captals. The Board s asssted n ts work by the Natonal C3 Representatves (NC3REPS) who are normally resdent n ther delegaton or mltary representaton n NATO HQ. The Board oversees the work of ts two Agences, the NATO C3 Agency (NC3A) whch s a plannng, desgn, development engneerng, technology and procurement agency, and the NATO CIS Operatng and Support Agency (NACOSA). Staff support to the NC3B and ts sub structure s provded by the NATO Headquarters C3 Staff, whch s an ntegrated cvlan and mltary staff respondng to both the ASG/DI and the Drector IMS (DIMS). The NATO C3 systems that are beng developed encompass the common funded communcatons systems, nformaton systems, sensor (and warnng nstallatons) systems, and ther facltes n NATO and natonal headquarters, that are requred for poltcal consultaton, crss management, cvl emergency plannng and mltary command and control. NATO C3 actvtes n these areas are related to the multnatonal decson makng process whch deals wth: - olcy makng, plannng, programmng, mplementaton, operaton and p mantenance of common-funded NATO C3 systems; - tandardsaton and co-operatve development, testng and s procurement of NATO C3 and approprate natonal C3 (ncludng navgaton and dentficaton) equpment and systems; and - nteroperablty between natonal C3 systems and between those  systems and the common-funded NATO C3 systems.
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PROCEDURES FOR ARMAMENTS CO-OPERATION Armaments co-operaton under the CNAD s based essentally on an nformaton exchange process that seeks agreement between natons and the SCs on harmonsed operatonal requrements n order to promote co-operatve equpment programmes. Because the responsblty for equppng ther forces s a prerogatve of ndvdual member natons, ths co-operatve process can be supported and encouraged, but not regulated, by NATO. There s therefore no formal or centralsed NATO armaments plannng system. However, n order to gve greater coherence and structure to co-operatve efforts, two major Plannng/ programmng systems have been ntroduced n NATO: Conventonal Armaments Plannng System (CAPS) and the Phased Armaments Programmng System (PAPS). Armaments Programming: Phased Armaments Programming System (PAPS) PAPS, whch s publshed as AAP-20, s desgned as a tool avalable as requred for conductng programmes on a systematc bass. It should not be regarded as a set of formal and mandatory steps n the mplementaton of CNAD projects. There s a finte and farly consstent number of mlestones n the lfe of a weapon system programme where the nature of the programme changes. At these mlestones, decsons must be made regardng alternatve courses of acton. PAPS s ntended to provde a structured approach to decson-makng at these mlestones for all management levels nvolved n co-operatve research and development and producton programmes wthn NATO. PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES The CNAD s playng an actve and mportant role n mplementng practcal co operaton wthn the PfP framework. Some promsng areas have already been dentfied whch provde the substance for future co-operaton actvtes. These actvtes are the followng: - Mantanng and upgradng ageng tactcal arcraft (NAFAG); - Shp desgn (NNAG); - Ammunton and nterchangeablty (NAAG); - Psychologcal readness for multnatonal operatons (RTB); and - ontnuous Acquston and Lfe Cycle Support techncal standards C (NATO CALS Management Board (NCMB)).

Partners also need to be provded wth addtonal tranng and assstance n workng wth NATO techncal documentaton and, specfically, NATO standards. To the extent possble, CNAD PfP actvtes are co-ordnated wth related cooperaton n other NATO bodes, and partcularly wth the NATO Standardsaton Agency (NSA).

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Individual Partnership Programmes (IPAPs) Partners demonstrate sgnficant nterest n CNAD-sponsored co operaton actvtes, as shown n the IPAPs. Proposal to Launch CNAD Partnership Armaments Projects The CNAD has developed a further ntatve to offer opportuntes for nterested Partners to reap practcal benefits from PfP co-operaton n the nearterm, by engagng n selected small-scale co-operatve projects wth NATO natons and ndustry. Ths proposal, f endorsed by the NAC, should gve NATO ndustry an ncentve to assst Partners n the development of realstc proposals for near-term projects to advance, n partcular, nteroperablty between NATO and Partner force. REFERENCES NATO Handbook NATO Facts and Fgures AAP-20 AAP-27 Handbook on the Phased Armaments Plannng System (PAPS) C onventonal Armaments Plannng System (CAPS) - Users Handbook and Gudance

ANNEXES A NATO Project Steerng Commttees B Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 13

NATO PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEES ADW AGS BICES CSNI DFD F-16 FORACS MIDS-LVT MILAN NCMB NILE NIMIC NLRS NMPA OTO MELARA SEA GNAT SEASPARROW SINS TRIPARTITE MINEHUNTER V/SHORAD Very Short/Short Range Ar Defence Systems Area Defence Weapon Allance Ground Survellance Capablty Battlefield Informaton Collecton & Explotaton System Communcatons Systems Network Interoperablty Data Fuson Demonstrator F-16 Fghter Arcraft NATO Naval Forces Sensors & Weapons Accuracy Check Stes Multnatonal Informaton Dstrbuton System - Low Volume Termnal MILAN Ant-tank Weapon System NATO Contnuous Acquston and Lfe-Cycle Support (CALS) Management Board NATO Improvement Lnk 11 NATO Insenstve Muntons Informaton Centre Multple Launch Rocket System NATO Martme Patrol Arcraft OTO MELARA 76/62 Compact Gun NATO SEA GNAT System NATO SEASPARROW Ar Defence Mssle Low Cost Inertal Navgaton Systems for Shps (self-explanatory)

ANNEX A

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ANNEX B to Chapter 13

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER AIMS ASG CALS CAPS CNAD DI DIMS DPC IPAPs IS MC NAAG NAC NADC NADREPS NAFAG NCMB NACOSA NAMSA NCS NC3A NC3B NC3O NC3REPS NIAG Armaments Informaton Management System Assstant Secretary General Contnuous Acquston and Lfe Cycle Support Conventonal Armaments Plannng System Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors Defence Investment Drector IMS Defence Plannng Commttee Indvdual Partnershp Programmes Internatonal Staff Mltary Commttee NATO Army Armaments Group North Atlantc Councl or Councl NATO Ar Defence Commttee Natonal Armaments Drectors Representatves NATO Ar Force Armaments Group NATO CALS Management Board NATO CIS Operatng and Support Agency NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency NATO Codficaton System NATO C3 Agency NATO C3 Board NATO Consultaton, Command and Control Organsaton Natonal C3 Representatves NATO Industral Advsory Group
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ANNEX B

NNAG NSO PADP PAPS PADW RTA RTB RTO SCs

NATO Naval Armaments Group NATO Standardsaton Organsaton Panel on Ar Defence Phlosophy Phased Armaments Programmng System Panel on Ar Defence Weapons Research and Technology Agency Research and Technology Board Research and Technology Organsaton Strategc Command

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CHAPTER 14
IN-SERVICE LOGISTICS

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IN-SERVICE LOGISTICS Understand that the foundation of an army is the belly. It is necessary to procure nourishment for the soldier wherever you assemble him and whenever you wish to conduct him. - Frederick II of Prussia, 1747 INTRODUCTION In-Servce Logstcs s closely related to Producton Logstcs and s an ntegral part of the System Lfe Cycle Management (SLCM). Although n servce support relates to those actvtes requred to assure that weapon system/ equpment s avalable and fit for use, t actually begns wth the decson to brng the new system nto the nventory. In servce logstc plannng starts at the outset of a system desgn. It s crtcal to determne the mantenance and support concepts as early as possble because approxmately 60% to 80% of a defence systems Total Ownershp Cost (TOC) occur after that system s put nto operaton. More mportantly, the magntude of that cost s determned durng the desgn and development phase. For these reasons, the mantenance and support concepts need to be determned up front. Ths concept s known as Integrated Logstc Support. Integrated Logistic Support (ILS) ILS s the delberate ntegraton of systems/equpment logstc support consderatons nto the system lfe cycle management durng the outset of the programme/project. ILS prescrbes that all elements of logstc support be planned, acqured, tested and provded n a tmely and cost-effectve manner. NATO polcy specfics that all financal and other resources requred to mantan operatonal avalablty receve equal emphass as those requred to acheve performance objectves and tmely equpment delvery. The SNLC developed ALP-10 on Integrated Logstc Support n 1991 to support the Allances ambton. ILS s structured around the lfecycle management model detaled n the Phased Armaments Programmng System (PAPS see chapter 13). Ths model portrays the total lfe span of a system, commencng wth msson-need evaluaton and extends through the n-servce phase to ts eventual dsengagement. The model apples to both common and jontly funded projects. Logistic Support Analysis (LSA) LSA s a structured process ntended to define, analyse and quantfy logstc support requrements and to nfluence desgn for supportablty, throughout system development. LSA stresses smplcty by dentfyng an optmal level of logstc requrements. The objectve of LSA s to enable optmum system performance and avalablty at mnmum lfe cycle cost. LSA s conducted on an nteractve bass throughout the acquston cycle through the use of studes, trade-offs, servce advce and test and evaluaton leadng to successve desgn refinement.
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Durng desgn, the analyss s orented towards assstng the desgn engneerng n ncorporatng logstc requrements nto equpment desgn. Ths ncludes ncorporaton of key logstc-related desgn objectves, relablty, mantanablty and testablty. As the project progresses, the LSA process concentrates on provdng detaled descrptons of specfic resources requred to support a system throughout ts n-servce phase by provdng tmely vald data for all areas of ILS. That data s used to plan, acqure and poston support resources (personnel, fundng and materel) to ensure that deployed systems meet ther avalablty requrements. Durng the later producton and n-servce phases of the project, feedback data are used to revew the contnung valdty of data to ensure that Lfe Cycle Cost (LCC) plans are beng realsed. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) LCC s the total sum of drect, ndrect, recurrng, non-recurrng and other related costs ncurred, or estmated to be ncurred, n the desgn, development, producton, operatons, mantenance and support of a major system over ts antcpated lfe span. LCC analyss s an teratve process that starts at the begnnng of the programme/project lfe cycle and contnues throughout the lfe cycle of the system. NATO PRODUCTION AND LOGISTIC ORGANISATIONS (NPLO) An NPLO s a subsdary body created wthn the framework of NATO for the mplementaton of tasks arsng out of the Treaty, and to whch the North Atlantc Councl (NAC) grants organsatonal, admnstratve and financal ndependence. The NPLO s establshed wth a vew to meetng, to the best advantage, the collectve requrements of partcpatng natons n relevant fields of desgn and development, producton, operatonal logstc support and management under the condtons agreed n ts Charter. An NPLO s open to all NATO natons who become member states by sgnng the Memorandum of Understandng (MOU). An NPLO normally conssts of: - Board of Drectors (BOD), n some cases called a Steerng Commttee a (SC), s the governng body actng wth regard to the collectve nterests of member natons. The representatves of each member naton represent ther natons poltcal, mltary, economc, financal and techncal nterests and fully partcpate n the BODs decson-makng process; - ubordnate commttee(s) establshed by the BOD as requred; and s - n Agency that s the executve managng body under the authorty of a a General Manager.

Producton Logstcs Orented NPLOs are lsted at Annex A. Consumer Logstcs Orented NPLOs consst of the NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton (NAMSO and the Central Europe Ppelne Management Organsaton (CEPMO). The latter s addressed n Chapters 2 and 10.
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NATO MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY ORGANISATION (NAMSO) NAMSO and ts agency NAMSA are descrbed n Chapter 2. NAMSA SPECIFIC CO-OPERATIVE LOGISTIC PROJECTS NATO Logistic Stock Exchange (NLSE) The NATO Logstc Stock Exchange (NLSE) s a set of tools developed by NAMSA to assst customers and supplers n puttng nto practce co operatve logstc concepts for tem management and acquston. The system allows customers to exchange nformaton on stockholdngs, arrange for redstrbuton of assets, ncrease global asset vsblty n order to determne present and future requrements. The overall objectve s to mprove logstcs avalablty, acheve economes of scale and smplfy the supply chan processes. The NLSE nformaton system platform conssts of a set of databases and a webbased nterface whch allows: - reportng and exchangng excess assets; - reportng of armed forces nventores to mprove stock management; - asset poolng to permt common stock management; and - processng of NATO-wde mutual emergency support requests.

Customers wshng to use the NLSE drectly must subscrbe to the provsons of the COMMIT (Common Item Management) Partnershp Agreement whch establshes the legal framework necessary for the management of common stocks and prescrbes the rules for asset redstrbuton. Ths agreement has the same legal bass as a weapon system partnershp agreement. NATO Depot and Support System (NDSS) The NDSS s a fully ntegrated software package desgned, developed and mantaned by NAMSA. It covers most areas of logstc support such as tem dentficaton, supply, mantenance and property accountng. The NDSS operates n a clent-server archtecture. Its scalablty allows t to be nstalled n a stand alone workstaton or n a local area network (LAN). NAMSA asssts n the nstallaton of the package, f requred, ncludng the procurement of the necessary hardware. NAMSA also provdes user and operator tranng and the servces of a dedcated help desk. NATO Ammunition Data Base (NADB) The NADB provdes an authortatve source of NATO ammunton nterchangeablty, techncal and logstc nformaton on CD. Users can search nformaton on NATO Stock Number (NSN), tem name, ammunton model number, manufacturer, weapon, user naton and other crtera.

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NATO PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEES (NPSCs) NPSCs are establshed n accordance wth procedures for co-operaton n research, development and producton of mltary equpment approved by the Councl. There are 20 NPSCs that report to the Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors (CNAD) (see Annex A, Chapter 13). CO-OPERATIVE LOGISTIC TECHNIQUES There are a number of materel management technques whch are prerequstes for or support to the ntroducton of co-operatve logstc arrangements. NATO Codification System (NCS) The NATO Codficaton System (NCS) s a unform and common system for dentficaton, classficaton and stock numberng of Items of Supply (IoS) of user natons, desgned to acheve maxmum effectveness n logstcs support and facltate materel data management. The NCS has been agreed by all Alles and sponsors non NATO natons n dentfyng equpment and supples. The NCS s governed by the NATO Group of Natonal Drectors on Codficaton (AC/135) see chapter 13 and mplemented by the Natonal Codficaton Bureau (NCB) of each user naton. The NATO Codficaton System provdes accurate nformaton regardng the dentty of an IoS, permts recordng of the sources of supply and provdes other management data. It helps solve supply management problems by provdng data users wth ready access to a sngle, up to date source. The operatonal and economc advantages for users of the NCS are the followng: - nhanced opportuntes for standardsaton and nterchangeablty, by e recordng and revealng the unque characterstcs of IoS; - ccess to the full range of nformaton on all IoS n the users nventores, a thus poolng resources and sharng the burden of acqurng spare parts and mantanng common equpment; mnmses the supply requrement for spares and consumables for operatonal deployment; - ermts users to readly dentfy spares and/or substtutes for a p weapon system thereby reducng downtme and supportng force multplcaton; - ommon supply language understood by all users, whch smplfies c the techncal dalogue between users; - omputer technology fosterng the recordng, processng and c transmttal of IoS data n an efficent and user frendly manner; - reater economes for the users resultng from avodng the creaton of g new IoS for parts dentfiable through the data base; - mproved determnaton of materel requrements and budgetng; 
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- ffectve co-ordnated procurement by elmnatng concurrent e acquston and dsposal of the same IoS, consoldatng orders from several users to benefit from prce reductons on bulk purchases and vsblty of several potental sources of supply; and - nterchange/exchange of assets, reducton of nventores, warehousng,  data mantenance and personnel; and mproved dsposal of surplus and excess materel.

The Group of Natonal Drectors on Codficaton (AC/135) often requests NAMSA, on a cost recovery bass, to carry out central codficaton support actvtes, whch ncludes the followng standng servces: - unctonal and techncal support to AC/135; f - ecretaral support; s - anagement of AC/135 Publcatons and Web Ste; m - anagement of Codficaton data transmsson and data qualty; and m - anagement of the CD-ROM NATO Master Catalogue of References m for Logstcs (NMCRL) whch s a CD-ROM/DVD that comprse 16m NSN, 31m Part Numbers, 1.2m data concernng Manufacturers and Vendors(NCAGE) and 23m User Regstratons. NAMSA also manages the NATO Malbox System (MBS) allowng the transfer of data among the member countres.

REFERENCES Not avalable. ANNEXES A NATO Producton Logstc Related Organstatons (NPLOs) B Acronyms used n ths chapter

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ANNEX A to Chapter 14

NATO PRODUCTION LOGISTIC RELATED ORGANISATIONS (NPLOs) NATO Helicopter for the 1990s (NH90) Design and Development, Production and Logistics Management Organisation (NAHEMO) wth ts Agency (NAHEMA) located at Ax-en-Provence, France. Member natons are France, Germany, Italy and the Unted Kngdom. NATO Euro Fighter 2000 (EF 2000) and TORNADO Development, Production and Logistics Management Organisation (NETMO) wth ts Agency (NETMA) located at Unterlachng, Germany. Member natons are Germany, Italy, Span (EF 2000 only), and the Unted Kngdom. NATO Medium Extended Air Defence System, Design and Development, Production and Logistics Management Organisation (NAMEADSMO) wth ts Agency (NAMEADSMA) located at Huntsvlle, Alabama n the Unted States. Member natons are Germany, Italy, and the Unted States. NATO HAWK Production and Logistics Organisation (NHPLO) wth ts Management Office located at Ruel-Malmason, France. Member natons are Belgum, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway. Other NPLOs that comprse all NATO natons are: NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Programme Management Organisation (NAPMO) wth ts Agency (NAPMA) located at Brunssum, the Netherlands. NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS) Management Organisation (NACMO) wth ts Agency (NACMA) located at Brussels, Belgum. NATO Consultation, Command and Control (C3) Organisation (NC3O) wth ts Agency (NC3A) at Brussels, Belgum and the Hague, the Netherlands.

ANNEX A

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ANNEX B to Chapter 14

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS CHAPTER APM CEPMO CIS COMMIT CNAD HLM ILS IoS LAN LCC LSA MOU NAC NCB NADB NCS NDSS NLSE MBS NAMSA NAMSO NMCRL NPLO NPSCs NSN PAPS Ant-Personnel Mnes Central Europe Ppelne Management Organsaton Communcaton and Informaton Systems Common Item Management Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors. HAWK Logstc Management Integrated Logstc Support Items of Supply Local Area Network Lfe Cycle Cost Logstc Support Analyss Memorandum of Understandng North Atlantc Councl Natonal Codficaton Bureau NATO Ammunton Data Base NATO Codficaton System NATO Depot and Support System NATO Logstc Stock Exchange NATO Malbox System NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton NATO Master Catalogue of References for Logstcs NATO Producton and Logstc Organsatons NATO Project Steerng Commttees NATO Stock Number Phased Armaments Programmng System
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ANNEX B

SC SLCM TOC

Steerng Commttee System Lfe Cycle Management Total Ownershp Cost

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ACRONYMS USED IN THIS HANDBOOK

193

194

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS HANDBOOK


AAR ACCS ACE ACO ACROSS ACSP ACT ADAMS ADL ADP ADR AFLPs AGARD AHWG AIMS AJP ALSSs AMCC AMSCC AOC AOO AOR AP APLs APM ARMY F&LWP ASG AT Ar-to-Ar Refuellng Ar Command and Control Systems Alled Command Europe Alled Command Operatons Alled Command Resource Optmsaton Software System Arcraft Cross-Servcng Programme Alled Command Transformaton Alled Deployment and Movement System Alled Dsposton Lst Automated Data Processng Annual Defence Revew Alled Fuels Logstc Publcatons Advsory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Ad Hoc Workng Group Armaments Informaton Management System Alled Jont Publcatons Advanced Logstc Support Stes Alled Movement Co-ordnaton Centre Athens Multnatonal Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre Area of Co-operaton Area of Operatons Area of Responsblty Alled Publcaton Ant-Personnel Landmnes Ant-Personnel Mnes Army Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party Assstant Secretary General Ar Transport
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AVIATION F&LWP AVT BDR B-SC LCB B-SC M&T Forum B-SC MEDAG BOA BOD C&RS CALS CAPC CAPCAT CAPS CBRN CE CEPMA CEPMO CEPS CIMIC CIS CJFLCC CJSOR CJTF CLS CM CNAD COMCJTF COMEDS COMMIT CONOP

Avaton Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party Appled Vehcle Technology Battle Damage Repar B-SC Logstc Co-ordnaton Board B-SC Movement and Transportaton Forum B-SC Medcal Advsory Group Basc Orderng Arrangements Board of Drectors Co-operaton & Regonal Securty Dvson Contnuous Acquston and Lfe Cycle Support Cvl Avaton Plannng Commttee Capabltes Catalogue Conventonal Armaments Plannng System Chemcal, Bologcal, Radologcal and Nuclear Crss Establshment Central European Ppelne Management Agency Central European Ppelne Management Organsaton Central Europe Ppelne System Cvl-Mltary Co-operaton Communcaton and Informaton Systems Combned Jont Force Land Component Commander Jont Statement of Requrements Combned Jont Task Force Contractor Logstc Support Consequence Management Conference of Natonal Armaments Drectors Commander CJTF Commttee of the Chefs of Mltary Medcal Servces n NATO Common Item Management Concepts of Operaton
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COP COR CP CPG CRD CRO CS CSCE CSS C2 C3 DCI DCS DDP DFHE DI DIMS DJTF DM DNBI DOS DPC DPP DPQ DRC DRR EAC EAPC EM EOD EODTIC

Contngency Plan Concept of Requrements Capabltes Package Comprehensve Poltcal Gudance Commanders Requred Date Crss Response Operaton Combat Support Conference for Securty and Co operaton n Europe Combat Servce Support Command and Control Consultaton, Command and Control Defence Capabltes Intatve Damage Control Surgery Detaled Deployment Plan Deployable Fuels Handlng Equpment Defence Investment Drector IMS Deployable Jont Task Force Deployablty and Moblty Dsease and Non-Battle Injury Days of Supply Defence Plannng Commttee Defence Polcy and Plannng Defence Plannng Questonnare Defence Revew Commttee Defence Requrement Revew European Arlft Centre Euro-Atlantc Partnershp Councl Executve Management Explosve Ordnance Dsposal NATO EOD Techncal Informaton Centre
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EU FLR FLSs GBAD GCC GOP GRF HCCM HFM HLM HN HNS HQ HRF IC ICI ICIG IEL ILS IMS INT IOs IoS IPAPs IPC IS ISAF IT JFC JFCC JHNSSC

European Unon Forces of Lower Readness Forward Logstc Stes Ground Based Ar Defence Gulf Co-operaton Countres General Operatonal Plans Graduated Readness Forces Harmonsaton, Co-ordnaton and Control Mechansm Human Factors and Medcne Panel HAWK Logstc Management Host Naton Host Naton Support Headquarters Hgh Readness Forces Infrastructure Commttee Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve Istanbul Co-operaton Intatve Group Infrastructure Engneerng for Logstcs Integrated Logstc Support Internatonal Mltary Staff Intellgence Dvson Internatonal Organsatons Items of Supply Indvdual Partnershp Programmes Industral Plannng Commttee Internatonal Staff Internatonal Securty Assstance Force (Afghanstan) Informaton Technology Jont Force Command Jont Force Component Command Jont HNS Steerng Commttee
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JHQ JIAs JLSG JMC JOA JSB LAN LCB LCC LCM LCS LLN LLTI LN LOC LOG IMG LOGFS LOGFS IM WG LOGIS LOGREP L&R LRSN LSA LSM M&T M&TF M&TG MBC MBS MC

Jont Headquarters Jont Implementaton Arrangements Jont Logstc Support Group Jont Medcal Commttee Jont Operatons Area Jont Servce Board Local Area Network Logstcs Co ordnaton Board Lfe Cycle Cost Lfe Cycle Management Lfe Cycle Support Logstcs Lead Naton Long Lead Tme Items Lead Naton Lnes of Communcaton Logstcs Informaton Management Group Logstc Functonal Servces Logstc Functonal Servces Informaton Management Workng Group Logstcs Informaton System Logstc Reportng Logstcs and Resources Dvson Logstcs Role Specalst Naton Logstc Support Analyss Logstcs Staff Meetng Movement and Transportaton Movement and Transportaton Forum Movement and Transportaton Group Mltary Budget Commttee NATO Malbox System Mltary Commttee
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MCE MCG MD MDWP MEDAG MG MIMUs MJLC MJO MMRs MNDDP MNLC(M) MNMF MOU MPRE MTFs MTIs MTRP NAAG NAC NAC(R) NACC NACMA NACOSA NADB NADC NADREPS NAEW NAFAG NAMs NAMSA

Multnatonal Command Element Medterranean Co-operaton Group Medterranean Dalogue Medterranean Co-operaton Workng Plan Medcal Advsory Group Mnsteral Gudance Multnatonal Integrated Medcal Unts Multnatonal Jont Logstc Centre Major Jont Operaton Mnmum Mltary Requrements Mult-Natonal Detaled Deployment Plan Multnatonal Logstcs Command (Martme) Multnatonal Martme Force Memorandum of Understandng Moble Ppelne Repar Equpment Medcal Treatment Facltes Mltary Tasks for Interoperablty Medum-Term Resource Plan NATO Army Armaments Group North Atlantc Councl or Councl Renforced North Atlantc Councl North Atlantc Co operaton Councl NATO ACCS Management Agency NATO CIS Operatng and Support Agency NATO Ammunton Data Base NATO Ar Defence Commttee Natonal Armaments Drectors Representatves NATO Arborne Early Warnng NATO Ar Force Armaments Group NATO Mltary Authortes NATO Mantenance and Supply Agency
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NAMSO NAVAL F&LWP NC3A NC3B NC3O NC3REPS NCB NCMB NCS NCSA NDMC NDSS NEPS NF&LWG NFS NGOs NIAG NLSE NMAs NMCC NMCRL NNAG NPC NPG NPLO NPS NPSCs NRC NRF NSA

NATO Mantenance and Supply Organsaton Naval Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Party NATO C3 Agency NATO C3 Board NATO Consultaton, Command and Control Organsaton Natonal C3 Representatves Natonal Codficaton Bureau NATO CALS Management Board NATO Command Structure NATO Communcaton and Informaton Systems Servces Agency NATO Defence Manpower Commttee NATO Depot and Support System North European Ppelne System NATO Fuels and Lubrcants Workng Group NATO Force Structure Non-Governmental Organsatons NATO Industral Advsory Group NATO Logstc Stock Exchange NATO Mltary Authortes Natonal Movement Co-ordnaton Centre NATO Master Catalogue of References for Logstcs NATO Naval Armaments Group NATO Ppelne Commttee Nuclear Plannng Group NATO Producton and Logstc Organsatons NATO Ppelne System NATO Project Steerng Commttees NATO-Russa Councl NATO Response Force NATO Standardsaton Agency
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NSE NSIP NSN NSO NSP NSSG NTM NUC O&M OCC OPCON OPLAN OPP OPS OSCE P&P PADP PADW PAPS PARP PASP PB&Cs PBIST PBOS PCC PDD PfP PGs PHE PHEWG PMR

Natonal Support Element NATO Securty Investment Programme NATO Stock Number NATO Standardsaton Organsaton NATO Standardsaton Programme NATO Standardsaton Staff Group Notce to Move NATO-Ukrane Commsson Operatons and Mantenance Operatonal Capabltes Concept Operatonal Control Operaton Plan Operatonal Plannng Process Operatons Dvson Organsaton for Securty and Co operaton n Europe Plans & Polcy Dvson Panel on Ar Defence Phlosophy Panel on Ar Defence Weapons Phased Armaments Programmng System Partnershp for Peace Plannng and Revew Process Poltcal Affars and Securty Polcy Transport Plannng Boards and Commttees Plannng Board for Inland Surface Transport Plannng Board for Ocean Shppng Prague Capabltes Commtment Publc Dplomacy Partnershp for Peace Partnershp Goals Petroleum Handlng Equpment Petroleum Handlng Equpment Workng Group Prncpal Mltary Requrements
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PMSC PODs POL PPC PSOs RFPs RIFB ROM RSN RSOM RTA RTB RTO SACEUR SACLANT SACT SALCC SALW SC SCC SCEPC SCs SDOS SFC SFP SG SG PLE SGLO SHAPE SL SLCM

Poltcal Mltary Steerng Commttee Ports of Debarkaton Petroleum, ol and lubrcants Petroleum Plannng Commttee Peace Support Operatons Requests for Proposals Ready Invtatons for Bd Restrcton of Movement Role Specalst Natons Recepton, Stagng and Onward Movement Research and Technology Agency Research and Technology Board Research and Technology Organsaton Supreme Alled Commander Europe Supreme Alled Command Atlantc Supreme Alled Commander Transformaton Strategc Ar Lft Co-ordnaton Cell Small Arms and Lght Weapons Steerng Commttee Sealft Co-ordnaton Centre Senor Cvl Emergency Plannng Commttees Strategc Commands Standard Days of Supply Sngle Fuel Concept Sngle Fuel Polcy Secretary General Standng Group of Partner Logstc Experts Secretary Generals Lason Officer Supreme Headquarters Alled Powers Europe Sustanablty and Logstcs System Lfe Cycle Management
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SN SNLC SNs SOFA SOR SPG SPM II SPOW SRB STANAG TA TACO TCN TFHE TOA TOC TTPs UAV V&O WMD

Sendng Naton Senor NATO Logstcans Conference Sendng Natons Status of Forces Agreement Statement of Requrement Stockple Plannng Gudance Sustanment Plannng Module II Scentfic Programme of Work Senor Resource Board NATO Standardsaton Agreement Taskng Authortes Theatre Alled Contractng Office Troop Contrbutng Naton Tactcal Fuel Handlng Equpment Transfer of Authorty Total Ownershp Cost Tactcs, Technques and Procedures Unmanned Aeral Vehcles NATO Logstcs Vson and Objectves Weapons of Mass Destructon

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