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CuMSA ACAuLMlA SCPLML
Sehyr Zahoor 0908380z[sLudenLglaacuk
W CuMSA Clasgow unlverslLy Musllm
SLudenL's AssoclaLlon
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1he hearL
W 1he hearL ls essenLlally a large pump made up
of cardlac muscle lLs [ob ls Lo pump blood
around Lhe body sendlng deoxygenaLed blood
Lo Lhe pulmonary clrculaLlon Lo galn oxygen
and Lhen pump Lhls blood Lhrough Lhe
sysLemlc clrculaLlon
W 1he average human hearL beaLs around 70
Llmes a mlnuLe lL ls Lhls rhyLhmlc beaLlng LhaL
e[ecLs blood from Lhe hearL
W 1he lefL slde of Lhe hearL ls smaller Lhan Lhe
rlghL 1rue or lalse?
W lALSL
W Why?
W 1he lefL slde of Lhe hearL ls Lhlcker because lL
ls responslble for pumplng blood around Lhe
whole body whereas Lhe rlghL slde [usL has Lo
pump blood Lo Lhe lungs
W Cardlac cycle has Lwo phases
W Systo|e
Chamber pushes blood ouL
W fsto|e
Chamber fllls
W hLLp//hlgheredmcgraw
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W lay around wlLh Lhls webslLe qulzzes eLc
W 1he normal hearL conLracLs aL around 70
90bpm ln Lhe normal resLlng adulL
W 1hls rhyLhm orlglnaLes sponLaneously ln Lhe
conducLlng sysLem and Lhen moves Lo Lhe
dlfferenL parLs of Lhe hearL
W 1here ls a delay beLween Lhe lmpulse reachlng
Lhe venLrlcles from Lhe aLrla ln order Lo allow
Lhe aLrla Lo empLy Lhelr blood lnLo Lhe
venLrlcles before Lhe venLrlcles conLracL
|se condcton throh the hefrt
W 1he hearL has Lwo conducLlng sysLems
W SA node whlch generaLes lmpulses Lo cause rhyLhmlc
conLracLlons of cardlac muscle
W A speclallsed conducLlve sysLem conslsLlng of Lhe
lnLernodal paLhway whlch conducLs lmpulses from
Lhe SA node Lo Lhe ALrlovenLrlcular (AV node% whlch
Lhen delays Lhe lmpulse before conducLlng Lo Lhe
venLrlcles vla Lhe 8nd|e of ns and Lhe rlghL and lefL
rkn[e fres 1heses flbres Lhen conducL lmpulses
Lo all Lhe venLrlcles
Snoftrf| Node
W SA node ls embedded ln Lhe posLerlor wall of Lhe
rlghL aLrlum near Lhe enLrance of Lhe SvC
W 1he SA node conLalns Lhe pacemaker cells
W LsLabllsh Lhe hearL raLe Lhus Lhe SA node ls
someLlmes called Lhe cardlac pacemaker or Lhe
naLural pacemaker
W 1he SA node ls connecLed Lo Lhe larger Av node by
lnLernodal paLhways locaLed ln Lhe walls of Lhe aLrla
Atroventrc|fr node
W SlLs ln Lhe floor of Lhe rlghL aLrlum near Lhe openlng of Lhe
coronary slnus
W 8aLe of propagaLlon slows down as lL goes from Lhe lnLernodal
paLhways Lo Lhe Av node as Lhe nodal cells are smaller ln
dlameLer Lhan conducLlng cells
W 1he lmpulse Lakes abouL 100msec Lo pass Lhrough Lhe Av
node 1hls delay ls lmporLanL because Lhe aLrla musL conLracL
before Lhe venLrlcles do
W 1he lmpulse Lhen passes along Lhe lnLervenLrlcular bundle
and bundle branches Lo Lhe urkln[e flbres and paplllary
muscles
W 1he urkln[e flbres Lhen dlsLrlbuLe Lhe lmpulse Lo Lhe
venLrlcular myocardlum and venLrlcular conLracLlon beglns
8nd|e of ns
W 1he connecLlon beLween Lhe Av node and Lhe
Av bundle also called Lhe 8undle of Pls ls
normally Lhe only elecLrlcal connecLlon
beLween Lhe aLrla and venLrlcles
|ncf||y
W A number of cllnlcal problems resulL from
abnormal pacemaker funcLlon
W 8rfdycfrdfcondlLlon ln whlch P8 ls lower
Lhan normal
W @fchycfrdfcondlLlon ln whlch P8 ls hlgher
Lhan normal
Ventrc|fr setf| defect
W 1he mosL common congenlLal hearL
defecL
W 1he mosL common vSu ls
perlmembranous (occurs when Lhe
membranous sepLum ls deflclenL%
@etrf|oy of If||ot
racLlcal
W 3 8Ls
W Lach group wlll answer 1
W Co over baslc answers
W uescrlbe Lhe form and name Lhe chambers and
valves of Lhe hearL ueflne Lhe perlcardlum
name and descrlbe brlefly Lhe venae cavae
pulmonary velns pulmonary Lrunk and aorLa
W uescrlbe Lhe rlghL venLrlcle lnLervenLrlcular
sepLum and Lhe Lrlcuspld and pulmonary valves
W CuLllne Lhe hlsLologlcal feaLures of cardlac muscle
and Lhe funcLlonlng of Lhe conducLlng sysLem of
Lhe hearL
Lxam Llps
lf you are compleLely freaklng ouL some Llps
W number 1
W SLarL early a good monLh before Lhe exam have
a Lhlnk abouL whaL you need Lo cover WrlLe a
revlslon LlmeLable wlLh Lhe Loplcs you wanL Lo
cover and alm Lo flnlsh maklng noLes by aL leasL a
week before Lhe exam 1hen Lhen Lhe lasL week
or so LesLlng yourself wlLh your frlends eLc
W number 2
W CeL sleep SLaylng up all nlghL drlnklng coffee wlll
noL help sLress levels Alm for 8 hours
W number 3
W 1ake breaks Lven lf lL ls [usL slLLlng ln Lhe back
garden for 3 mlnuLes wlLh a cup of Lea resL
your mlnd 18 hour days do noL make good
revlslon Llme alm Lo spend around 810 MAx
revlslng a day especlally ln Lhe monLh run up
W number 4
W LaL well donL snack on rubblsh LaL frulL and
veg and have enough waLer
W number 3
W uonL suffer alone lf you are abouL Lo bursL Lalk
Lo someone hone home LexL your frlends Lell
someone you are scared lf you wanL Lo Lalk Lo an
anonymous carlng Lralned llsLener phone
Clasgow unl nlghLllne0141 333 1030
W 7 pm 7 am every nlghL durlng Lerm Llme
W Cumsa lf u have any of our conLacL deLalls or
would llke Lhem don'L heslLaLe Lo ask we can
glve supporL or polnL you ln Lhe rlghL dlrecLlon
W 1PAnk ?Cu lC8 CCMlnC!
W Pope you found lL useful
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