Anaerobic vs.

Aerobic
Respiration
Amanda Austi
at is Cellular Respiration?
-Anaerobic and Aerobic
Respiration are two approaces in
wic cells respire a cemical
reaction tat occurs in every single
one of your cells.
-ATP (energy currency of cells)
is produced troug te
breakdown of nutrients. Tese
nutrients are organic
molecules tat are energy-ric.
Anaerobic Respiration
Where does this occur?
Main catabolic patway for prokaryotic cells
1) Strict Anaerobes organisms tat
must live in an anaerobic environment
Ex; yeast/ fungi
2) Facultative Anaerobes organisms tat can
sift into an anaerobic environment if
necessary
Ex; muscle cells (produce lactic acid)
at is an ANAEROBC
ENVRONMENT?
An aquatic environment wit
little or no oxygen present.
Anaerobic Respiration
occurs in tis environment.
Anaerobic Respiration
%he Process
- 1
st
step- Glycolysis: te splitting of glucose
- Occurs in te cytoplasm
- Requires 2 ATP, makes a total of 4 ATP,
net ATP=2
- Main result; Glucose (6C) is broken
down into two 3 carbon molecules
called pyruvic acid (pyruvate) and
water.
- 2 NADH are produced
%he Steps
- Glucose is posporylated on bot ends by ATP,
making ADP and an unstable glucose (2 ATP used)
- Glucose splits into 2 3 carbon molecules (DHAP
and GAP)
- DHAP and GAP are ydrogenated by NAD+ forming
NADH
- DHAP and GAP form 2 pyruvates tat ave been
oxidized and reduced
Anaerobic Respiration
After Glycolysis, anaerobic environments do not
ave te oxygen needed to carry out te rest of
cellular respiration. Terefore, ermentation
occurs.
Te Two Patways
of Fermentation
PomolacLlc Alcohollc
ermentation consists of glycolysis
plus reactions that regenerate NAD+
by transferring electrons from NADH
to pyruvate
Anaerobic Respiration
Homolactic ermentation
- Pyruvates are reduced directly by NADH to form lactate wit no release of carbon
dioxide
2 Alcoholic ermentation
- Pyruvates are furter oxidized by breaking off a carbon and loading it up wit two
oxygen to form carbon dioxide
- Two oter carbons are retained to make etyl alcool molecule
Anaerobic Respiration
#esults
Very inefficient- only makes 2 A%P by
glycolysis per mole of glucose
Purpose; it oxidizes the hydrogen carriers so
that they can perform glycolysis again by
removing excess pyruvate
Aerobic Respiration
Where does this occur?
Aerobic Respiration occurs in te mitocondria, te powerouse organelle of te
cell. t starts in te cytoplasm, and ten occurs in te matrix and cristae.
When does this occur?
Aerobic respiration occurs wen
tere is a sufficient amount of
oxygen present in te cell.
AE# ENV#NMEN%
one that has oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
%he Process
Te first step of aerobic respiration is glycolysis
After glycolysis, pyruvic acid is canged to ATP
aerobically
%he Steps
1. Glycolysis (same as
anaerobic
respiration)
2. Formation of acetyl
CoA
3. Te Krebs Cycle
4. Electron Transport
Aerobic Respiration
2 ormation of Acetyl oA (cytoplasm
- n order for pyruvates (3 carbon molecule) to enter mitocondria, tey must be
converted to acetyl coenzyme A(2 carbon molecule) wit te release of CO
2
.
- 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 Coenzyme A + 2 NAD+ 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 CO
2
+ 2 NADH
2) rebs ycle (matrix
- Eac of two acetyl coenzyme A
molecules enter
- Acetyl co! combines wit
oxaloacetate (4 carbons) forming
citric acid (6 carbon molecule)
- Two molecules of carbon are
released in te form of CO
2
in order
to end wit oxaloacetate to keep
cycle going
- Results; 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH
2
for eac turn (1 glucose=2 turns)
Aerobic Respiration
Electron %ransport hain (cristae
Electrons are transferred from electron carriers (NADH AND FADH
2
) to oxygen
Electrons (in carriers) carry energy from glucose
Electrons are suttled to cain, down cytocromes until tey reac te final electron
acceptor, oxygen
Oxygen combines wit te electrons to form water
Cemiosmosis; ydrogen ions are being pused outside inner membrane to create a
proton gradient. Tus, te ydrogen ions will diffuse back across te inner membrane but
only passing troug ATP syntase, a protein tat makes ATP.
NADH= 3 ATP
FADH= 2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration
#esults
Produces 38 ATP (including 2 ATP made
from glycolysis)
Muc more efficient tan anaerobic- makes
19 times more energy
s able to occur due to te compartments in
eukaryotic cells
Venn Diagram
Anaerobic SimiIar Aerobic
- nefficient (2 ATP)
- Performed by
prokaryotic cells
and muscle cells
- Occurs only in te
cytosol
- No presence of
oxygen
- Requires glucose
and te use of ATP
- Bot involve
glycolysis as te
first step
- Modes of
generating energy
- Efficient (38 ATP)
- n te presence of
oxygen oxygen is
necessary for
electron transport
cain
- Performed by
eukaryotic cells
- Occurs in bot
mitocondria and
cytosol
THE END