Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-SHUNT
Pendahuluan
Quinton, Dillard & Scribner (1960)
pertama kali melakukan arterio-vena
fistula infeksi and thrombosis
Brescia-Cimino (1966) melakukan
AVF (radiocephalic) pilihan
prosedur untuk akses vaskular
Akses hemodialisa
AS prosedur bedah lebih banyak di
gunakan
AVF
Prosthetic lebih sering
menimbulkan kegagalan
Indikasi:
Penderita hemodialisis rutin (berkala/
kronis)
Akses pembuluh darah untuk dialisis
yang biasa dilakukan (femoral,
subclavia, dsb) sudah sulit akibat
rusaknya pembuluh darah karena
komplikasi kanulasi berulang
Kontra indikasi :
Absolut : -
Relatif :
– teraba thrill
– bruit yang kuat
– tidak ada komplikasi : prolonged
bleeding, hematoma, infeksi.
Penyulit :
Diabetes Mellitus
Hipertensi berat
Hipotensi
Penyakit aterosklerosis arteri
Kerusakan luas pembuluh vena
lengan
Gangguan pembekuan darah
Riwayat trombosis berulang
Indication for Hemodialysis in Acute
or Chronic RF
Hyperkalemia ( > 6 mEq/L )
Fluidoverload
Worsening acidosis
Drug overdosis
- Cuffed
- Placed by a venous cutdown
- Relatively soft and well-tolerated
- For weeks or even a few months
Hemodialysis
1 2 1
2
Disadvantage : possibility of
recurrent peritonitis
Assessment (1)
Patient
Medical comorbidities
Right or left-handed
Physical examination
- skin condition
- any swelling or edema
- patency and size of vessels
Assessment (2)
Selection of access
When dialysis will start ( immediate or
several days/weeks after ) ?
Acute :
- a subclavia or jugular vein
percutaneous catheter
- External Scribner AV shunt at the wrist or
ankle
Chronic :
- weeks to months autogenous AV fistula
- < 1 month prosthetic AV graft
- Peritoneal dialysis another option
Assessment (3)
General principles :
Arm vessels >>> leg vessels