Virus Dch t ln (Pestis suum virus)

DTL

I. Gii thiu chung.

Bnh dch t ln (Pestis suum Classical swine fever Hog cholera pig plague) mt bnh truyn nhim rt ly lan ca loi ln do mt VR gy ra. Bnh thng biu hin chng bi huyt, t mu xut huyt, hoi t v lot nhiu c quan ph tng.

Bnh c pht hin u tin M nm 1810, sau ngi ta pht hin bnh khp ni trn th gii. n nm 1968 bnh gim v c thanh ton mt s nc nh M, Canada,Thu s, an Mch, Australia. Vit Nam, bnh c pht hin u tin nm 1923 cc tnh min Bc, sau thy hu khp cc tnh trong c nc, gy ra tn tht rt ln cho ngnh chn

II. c tnh sinh hc ca virus

2.1. Hnh thi v phn loi: Virus Dch t ln thuc h Flaviviridae, ging pestisvirus. L mt ARN mt si. ARN c 380 Mb <Mega baz> Virus c v bc ngoi l lipoprotein c nhng dim tua di 6-8 nm. Virus c hnh cu, capxit i xng khi, c ng knh 40-50nm.

Hnh thi virus

2.2. c lc v khng nguyn: Cc chng virus DTL ging nhau hon ton v cu trc khng nguyn nhng c c lc khc nhau. Trong t nhin nhng chng c c lc cao thng gy bnh cp tnh, t l cht cao . Chng c c lc trung bnh hoc thp gy bnh th mn tnh. Da vo c lc ca VR, ngi ta tm chia chng thnh 2 nhm: + Nhm cng c gm cc chng Alfort, C, Thiverval + Nhm c lc va l nhng chng phn lp t ln b bnh th mn tnh. Nu tim truyn VR lin tip trn 150 i qua th, VR s c vi th nhng khng c vi ln, gi l ging virus nhc c DTL qua th, dng ch Vac xin.

2.3. c tnh nui cy: C th nui cy VR trong t chc sng ca ln nh tu xng, thn, dch hon, thai ln -Trn mi trng t bo:

+T bo thn ln thng c s dng. VR nhn ln NSC nhng khng gy bnh tch t bo, VR lan truyn gia cc t bo qua cu ni NSC v tn ti lu trong t bo.

2.4. Sc khng. VR DTL c sc khng yu vi sc nng un 60oC/10ph, mu nhim VR kh fibrin 68oC/30ph, un 100oC cht ngay. Bn vng trong khong pH: 5-10. Mn cm vi tia cc tm. V c lp v ngoi cha lipit nn cc cht ho tan m nh ete, clorofooc . Trong chung nui, trong phn ln m - 2 ngy

Trong tht ln bnh v cc sn phm ca n em ng lnh,VR c th tn ti lu, y l ngun reo rc mm bnh nguy him. Cc cht st trng thng thng dit VR nhanh.

2.5. Kh nng gy bnh : *Trong t nhin: ch c loi ln mc bnh DTL. -Ln nh, ln rng mi la tui u cm th nhng mc nng nht v cht nhiu l ln con ang b sa. - Ngi v cc loi ng vt khc khng mc. -Bnh thng ly trc tip t con m sang con kho. -Ln c cha nhim VR truyn VR sang con qua nhau thai. *Trong phng th nghim: Ln con rt cm th, gy bnh cho ln con Bnh pht ra ging nh bnh trong t nhin.

III. Chn on
3.1. Chn on VR hc: Bnh phm: l mu, lch hch lympho, tu xng ca ln nghi. Kim tra trn knh hin vi. Tim ng vt th nghim: Dng ln con 10-15 kg, ng tiu chun. Ly 1ml mu hoc 0,5g lch ca ln nghi bnh pha thnh huyn dch ri tim vo di da cho ln . Nu trong bnh phm c VR th sau tim 3 ngy: ln km n st cao 41-42oC, gi vng 4-5 ngy ln b n, i to vim kt mc mt c d v nc nhn chy ra.

Sau mt tun l, con vt i tho, phn ln mu mi hi thi c bit Bnh ko di ln c triu chng thn kinh, lit hai chn sau. Cui cng, thn nhit h thp xung 35-36oC, con vt mt l v cht. M khm thy: Nim mc ming, li, li t mu, lot . D dy, rut t mu, lot, van hi manh trng, rut gi c nt lot trng nh nhng cc o. Lch t sng,c nhi huyt. V thn xut huyt lm tm, b thn mu. Hch rut sng t mu tm bm ,xut huyt nh hoa vn. Da xut huyt nh mui t cc vng da mng. Kt lun : bnh phm c VR DTL.

N LN B BNH DCH T:
BN THU DO TIU CHY, C HIN TNG CO GIT

Ln m b bnh dch t ln: Sy thai, tiu chy

LN B BNH DCH T
TRN DA C NHNG NT XUT HUYT, M XUT HUYT MU THM

LN B BNH DCH T
TRN DA C NHNG NT XUT HUYT, M XUT HUYT MU THM

LN B BNH DCH T
TRN DA C NHNG NT XUT HUYT, M XUT HUYT MU THM

LN B BNH DCH T:
MT SNG, XUNG HUYT, C D UI MT

LN CON RA T LN M B BNH DCH T:

C HIN TNG RUN RY, CO GIT

BNH DCH T LN :
THANH QUN XUT HUYT LM TM

BNH DCH T LN : HOI T TP TRUNG HCH AMIDAN

Bnh dch t ln:

Xut huyt v gan ha phi

Bnh dch t ln:

Xut huyt v gan ha phi

Phi xut huyt nng

LN B BNH DCH T :
NHI HUYT TRN B MT V RA LCH

LN B BNH DCH T :
NHI HUYT TRN B MT V RA LCH

CC NT LOT TRN, DNG CC O TRN RUT GI

Lot cc o van hi manh trng

LN B BNH DCH T LN :
XUT HUYT LM TM TRN B MT THN

Cc mu ng trong b thn

LN B BNH DCH T LN :
XUT HUYT TNG MC RUT NON

LN B BNH DCH T LN :
HCH MNG TREO RUT XUT HUYT, C MU THM

BNH DCH T LN :
MT CT HCH MNG TREO RUT XUT HUYT, DNG VN HOA

LN B BNH DCH T LN :
XUT HUYT NIM MC BNG QUANG

LN B BNH DCH T LN :
XUT HUYT V LOT TRN B MT NIM MC D DY

Tiu hu ln cht bnh dch t ln

3.2. Chn on huyt thanh hc

*Phn ng trung ho trn th: - Nguyn l: Ngi ta da vo tnh gy bnh khc nhau cho th v cho ln ca 2 chng VR DTL Chng VR cng c DTL gy bnh cho ln nhng khng c vi th, nu tim cho th cn gy c min dch. Chng VR nhc c DTL khng c vi ln nhng c vi th, nu tim cho th s st. Dng bnh phm nghi bnh DTL tim cho th, nu BP c VR cng c DTL, th s c min dch, trong mu s c KT trung ho VR DTL. Tim tip cho th bng VR nhc c DTL, VR s b KT trung ho c trong mu th trung ho di nn khng gy c bnh cho th na.

- Chun b: + Bnh phm: Lch ca ln nghi bnh, nghin vi nc sinh l thnh nng 1/10 v 1/100, x l khng sinh + ng vt th nghim: Chun b 6 th kho mnh, cha tip xc vi virus DTL

- Tin hnh phn ng : + Th th nghim : 2 th . - Th 1 : tim 1ml huyn dch bnh phm 1/10. - Th 2 : tim 1ml huyn dch bnh phm 1/100. Tim bp Sau 10 ngy, dng ging VR nhc c DTL pha thnh 2 nng : - Th 1: tim 1ml huyn dch 1/10 - Th 2: tim 1ml huyn dch 1/100 Kt qu 2 th ny khng st Ly mu 2 th ny tim cho 2 th kho khc, th ny cng khng st. Chng t VR nhc c b trung ho.

L i chng: 2 th Tim huyn dch hch lch ln kho

10 ngy sau tim VR nhc c DTL: 2 th ny c st. Kt lun: Bnh phm c cha VR cng c DTL.

*Phn ng min dch hunh quang: Khng th chun: L KT DTL bit nhum mu vi thuc nhum hunh quang Khng nguyn nghi: L bnh phm nghi cha VR DTL c lm thnh tiu bn v c nh trn phin knh Tin hnh: Nh ln tiu bn 1 2git KT DTL, 1 gi ri ra nc, lm kh c kt qu trn KHV hynh quang, nu c pht sng th phn ng +. *Phn ng kt ta khuych tn trn thch: KN nghi: l bnh phm, nghin vi nc sinh l, pha thm 1-2% axit phenic, ly tm ly nc trong. KN m: Ch bng hch, lch ln kho. KT chun : Khng huyt thanh DTL . Phn ng lm trn a thch vi h thng 6 l.

Nguyn l: trong mi trng Gel, KN v KT cch nhau 1 khong trong thch, chng s khuch tn v pha nhau v gp nhau. Nu KN v KT tng ng chng s kt hp vi nhau to thnh ng ta c th quan st bng mt thng or c th nhum mu thy r hn. Thc cht ca p/ l p/ kt ta trong thch kp, d lm, hay c s dng, gi l AGP(agar gell precipitation) or AGID(agar gell immuno diffusion).

Phn ng kt ta khuch tn trn thch (tip) Chun b v tin hnh phn ng: 1phin knh or 1 hp lng petri> 1lp thch agar 1% dy 1-2cm> khi thch ng c cc l 4-5mm, khong cch t l trung tm n cc l xung quanh 5-6cm> nh vo mi l 1 vi git thch bt phn phin knh trn l, to ra cc l xq ton l thch. KN bit c nh l trung tm. KT bit v cc KT nghi nh cc l xq. Khi KN gp KT tng ng s to ra ng ta. C th dng 1hn hp KT pht hin nhiu KN trong dd, to nhiu ng ta, mi ng l 1cp KN-KT tng ng=> 2 KN ging nhau> 2 ng ta ni lin; 2 KN khc nhau> 2 ng ta ct nhu

Phn ng kt ta khuch tn trn thch AGP (Agar Gell Precipitation Test) hay AGID (Agar gell immuno diffusion test)

Phn ng min dch hunh quang

Phn ng min dch hunh quang

IV. Phng chng Dch t ln

4.1. V sinh phng bnh. Khi cha c dch: tim phng trit cho nhng ln din tim phng, cho ln n ung tt. Chung tri hp v sinh, tng cng kim dch ch, l m, ln mi mua v phi cch ly 15 ngy. Khi dch xy ra: chn on chnh xc, cng b dch, cch ly ln m hoc nghi ly. Cm vn chuyn ln ra vo dch. Cm bn chy ln m hoc m tht ba bi, xc ln cht phi chn su gia hai lp vi, tiu c k chung tri, dng c CN bng nc vi 10%. X l trit phn rc, thc n tha,cht bi xut ca ln m, cht. Tim thng vacxin vo dch. Cng b ht dch 15 ngy sau khi con m cui cng cht hoc khi v thc hin cc bin php v sinh tiu c.

4.2. Phng bnh bng vac xin

Hin nay nc ta ang s dng VX nhc c DTL chng C. VX dng ng kh, rt an ton v c hiu lc cao, min dch c mt nm. Khi dng pha vi nc sinh l sao cho mi liu c dung tch 1ml. Ln con tim phng ln u vo lc 30-35 ngy tui. Tim nhc li sau 5 thng Ln ni v c ging mi nm tim 1 ln nh k tim phng 1 nm 2 ln vo thng 3-4, thng 910. Khng nn tim VX cho ln ni trong thai k. Mt s ni tm vacxin nhp ngoi: VX nhc c Pestifa, s dng theo hng dn ca nh sn xut.