English name

Description The goddess of love, beauty, and desire. Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most notablyAres.

Aphrodite

She was depicted as a beautiful woman usually accompanied by her son Eros. Her symbols include the rose, scallop shell, and myrtle wreath. Her sacred animal is the dove. The god of music, healing, plague, prophecies, poetry, and archery; associated with light, truth and the sun. He

Apollo

is Artemis's twin brother and Hermes' elder brother, and son of Zeus and Leto. He was depicted as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair and various attributes including a laurel wreath, bow and quiver,raven, and lyre. Animals sacred to Apollo include dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows and snakes. The god of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and civil order. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as

Ares

either a mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear. His attributes are golden armour and a bronze-tipped spear. His sacred animals are the vulture, venomous snakes, alligators, and dogs. Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, childbirth and plague. In later times she became associated with the moon. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo. In art she was usually depicted as a

Artemis

young woman dressed in a short knee-length chiton and equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. In addition to the bow, her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars. The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. According to most

Athena

traditions, she was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored. She was depicted crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and a spear. Her symbols include the olive tree. She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. The goddess of agriculture, horticulture, grain and harvest. Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea and sister

Demeter

of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. She was depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch. Her symbols are the Cornucopia (horn of plenty), wheat-ears, the winged serpent and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals are pigs and snakes. The god of wine, parties and festivals, madness, drunkenness and pleasure at forever young. He was depicted in

Dionysus

art as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes include thethyrsus (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape vine, and a crown of ivy. Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. A later addition to the Olympians, in some accounts he replaced Hestia. King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. His consort is Persephoneand his attributes are the key of Hades, the Helm of Darkness, and the three-headed dog, Cerberus. The screech owl was

Hades or Pluto sacred to him. Despite being the son of Cronus and Rhea and the elder brother of Zeus, as achthonic god he is only rarely listed among the Olympians. The name Pluto became more common in theClassical period with the mystery religions and Athenian literature. Crippled god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry, sculpture and volcanism. The son of Hera byparthenogenesis, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded man Hephaestus holding hammer and tongsthe tools of a smithand riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer, tongs, and anvil. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard dog and the crane. When he was born, he was thrown off of Mount Olympus by Hera as he was considered ugly. Hera Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. She is the wife of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil and holding a royal, lotus-

tipped staff. Her sacred animals are the heifer, the lion, the peacock, and the cuckoo. The god of travel, messengers, trade, thievery, cunning wiles, language, writing, diplomacy, athletics, and animal husbandry. He is the messenger of the gods, a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead intoHades' realm, and Hermes the son of Zeus and Maia. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk. Virgin goddess of the hearth, home and cooking. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus and sister of Zeus. She Hestia was depicted as a modestly veiled woman, whose symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some accounts, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians in favour of Dionysus. The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses; known as the "Earth Shaker". Poseidon He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeus and Hades. In classical artwork, he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard, and holding a trident. The horse and the dolphin are sacred to him. The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, law, order, and fate. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, whom he overthrew after Cronus swallowed his brothers and sisters and Zeus he is brother-husband to Hera. In artwork, he was depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt, and his sacred animals are the eagle and the bull.

Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources (although, under circumstances unpublished sources can be exempt). The word literature literally means "acquaintance with letters" and the pars pro toto term "letters" is sometimes used to signify "literature," as in thefigures of speech "arts and letters" and "man of letters." The two major classifications of literature are poetry and prose. "Literature" is differentiated from popular and ephemeral classes of writing. Terms such as "literary fiction" and "literary merit" are used to distinguish individual works as art-literature rather than vernacular writing, and some critics exclude works from being "literary", for example, on grounds of weak or faulty style, use of slang, poor characterization and shallow or contrived construction. Others exclude all genres such as romance, crime and mystery, science fiction, horror and fantasy. Pop lyrics, which are not technically a written medium at all, have also been drawn into this controversy.

CLASSIFICATIONS Poetry (from the Greek 'poiesis'/ [poieo/], a making: a forming, creating, or the art of poetry, or a poem) is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditionalpoetry). While there are critical debates on the construction of prose, its simplicity and loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is commonly used, for example, in literature, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias,broadcasting, film, history, philosophy, law and many other forms of communication.