NI DUNG

M hnh t chc b nh ngoi

T CHC D LIU VT L

Tp bm Tp ch s Bcy

M HNH T CHC B NH NGOI

B nh ngoi (b nh th cp - secondary memory): bng t, a t, a quang, Cc khi vt l c kch c nh nhau: 512 - 4.096 byte c nh a ch khi (a ch tuyt i trn a) (29 - 212 byte),

T chc lu tr da vo hm bm
Hm bm Cho k l s nguyn dng, mt hm bm Hk(x) c xc nh l: Hk : N [0..k-1] x Hk(x) = x mod k

Mi tp d liu lu trn a chim 1 hay nhiu khi. Mi khi cha 1 hay nhiu bn ghi. a ch ca cc bn ghi l a ch tuyt i ca byte u tin ca bn ghi hoc l a ch khi cha bn ghi . Con tr: Ch dn n a ch ca bn ghi (hoc khi) (c lu 1 tp hay 1 ni no )

T chc lu tr da vo hm bm
Tp bm Cc bn ghi c chia thnh tng cm (buckets). Mi cm ng vi 1 a ch thuc tp {0, 1, , k-1}, gi l a ch bm. Mt tp gm mt s cm. Mi cm cha 1 hay nhiu khi. u mi khi u c con tr, tr ti khi tip theo, khi cui cng ca cm cha con tr rng. C mt bng ch dn cm (bucket directory) gm k con tr, mi con tr ng vi 1 cm, tr ti khi u tin trong cm.

T chc lu tr da vo hm bm
Cu trc tp bm

Bng ch dn cm

T chc lu tr da vo hm bm
V d: Tp bm vi hm bm H4(x)

T chc lu tr da vo hm bm
Thm bn ghi kho 25

Sau khi thm bn ghi kho 25, 33 Tm kim bn ghi kho x B sung bn ghi kho x Xo bn ghi kho x Sa cha bn ghi kho x

T chc lu tr da vo tp ch s
To ra mt tp mi t mt tp c sp xp (tp d liu chnh) Mc ch: Thc hin c hiu qu cc thao tc trn tp d liu chnh. Gi thit: Mi bn ghi trong tp d liu chnh u c mt kho xc nh duy nht cc bn ghi. Tp d liu chnh c sp xp da trn gi tr kho (theo chiu tng hoc gim). Kho gm 1 hay nhiu trng c th t v c di c nh. Gi tr kho c th l s hay xu k t.

T chc lu tr da vo tp ch s
Th t t in trn cc xu k t: Vi 2 xu k t x = x1 x2 xn , y = y1 y2 yk, x1 x2 xn < y1 y2 yk nu: n < k v x1 = y1, x2 = y2, , xn = yn Hoc vi i, i min (k, n) c: x1 = y1, x2 = y2, , xi-1 = yi-1 v xi < yi (xi < yi theo ngha m nh phn ca xi l mt s nh hn m nh phn ca yi).

T chc lu tr da vo tp ch s
Tp ch s bao gm cc cp (k, d) k l gi tr ca kho, d l a ch ca khi. c sp xp da trn gi tr kho. Mi mt khi d trong tp d liu chnh tng ng vi mt cp (k, d) sao cho: k vd , vi vd l gi tr kho trong khi d k > vd-1 , vi vd-1 l gi tr kho trong khi trc d. thun tin, gi tr kho ca cp (k, d) u tin thng c chn l k = -
Tp ch s Tp d liu chnh (Gi s mi khi cha 5 bn ghi)

Cc thao tc: B sung bn ghi kho x Xo bn ghi kho x Sa cha bn ghi kho x

Tm kim bn ghi kho x: Tm kim tun t v Tm kim nh phn

primary index

Sau khi b sung bn ghi kho 19, 31

Sau khi thm bn ghi kho 58

Sau khi thm bn ghi kho 52

Secondary index da trn kho duy nht

Secondary Index da trn trng khng kho

Multilevel index

Bcy
Mt B-cy cp k c cc tnh cht: Gc ca cy hoc l nt l, hoc c t nht 2 con

Vn sau khi thc hin xo, b sung nhiu ln??

Mi nt, tr nt gc, c t [k/2] n k con, vi k l s bn ghi ti a c th c trong nt. Mi ng i t nt gc n mt nt l bt k u c di nh nhau. Cu trc ca mi nt trong B-cy Mi nt trong c dng (p0, k1, p1, k2, p2,, kn, pn), trong pi (i = 1, n) l con tr, tr ti nt i, c ki l kho u tin ca nt . Cc kho trong mt nt c sp xp theo th t tng dn. Mi kho x trong cy con c tr bi p0 u c x < k1 Mi kho x trong cy con c tr bi pi u tho mn:
ki x < ki+1, i = 0, 1, , n-1

Mi kho x trong cy con c tr bi pn u tho mn: x > kn

Bcy sau khi thm bn ghi kho 32

Bcy sau khi xa bn ghi kho 64