Ni dung chng

Chng 1 i cng v cc h c s d liu

1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 S phn loi cc h CSDL.
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1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng

Bc khi u ca qu trnh tin hc ha doanh nghip. Tp trung vo nhu cu x l d liu ca cc phng ring l trong t chc m khng xem xt tng th t chc ny. Vit mt chng trnh mi i vi mi ng dng n l, khng c k hoch, khng c m hnh hng n s tng trng.
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Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng

Mi chng trnh ng dng c vit bi mt nh tin hc (k s lp trnh) s dng mt ngn ng lp trnh no . Mi chng trnh ng dng nh ngha v qun l cc tp d liu ca ring n. Trc khi xut hin cc phn mm h qun tr CSDL, trong qu kh, cc h thng trn c s tp c to lp x l mt s lng ln d liu.
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Hn ch ca cc h thng x l tp truyn thng D tha v khng m bo nht qun d liu Kh khn trong truy nhp d liu C lp v hn ch chia s d liu Cc vn v an ton v ton vn Cc vn v tin cy S ph thuc d liu ca cc chng trnh ng dng
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Ni dung chng
1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng v nhng hn ch ca n. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 S phn loi cc h CSDL.
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1.2 Cc h c s d liu C s d liu (CSDL) (ting Anh:DataBase-DB) l g ? H qun tr CSDL (DataBase Management System-DBMS) l g ? H CSDL (Database Systems) ?

V d v qun l o to Thng tin cn quan tm

Kha hc, lp hc, sinh vin, gio vin, mn hc, Thng tin v sinh vin: thng tin c nhn, thng tin hc tp, Thng tin v mn hc: khi lng, gio vin, lch hc,

Cn lu tr nhng thng tin a dng C s d liu

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V d: khai thc thng tin Sinh vin

Cc mn hc ca Khoa Cng ngh thng tin ? im thi mn H c s d liu ?

Hnh dung v thit k v to lp mt CSDL

Yu cu
Lu tr thng tin cn thit mt cch chnh xc Truy xut thng tin hiu qu

Gio vin
Danh sch sinh vin lp Tin2-K49 ? Thi kha biu ca lp Tin2-K49 ?

Thc hin
Xc nh yu cu nghip v Xc nh thng tin cn lu tr Xc nh cch thc lu tr

Gio v
Danh sch sinh vin K47 tt nghip loi gii ?... Chng trnh ng dng/ng dng
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Cn cng c tr gip thit k v to lp mt CSDL Phn mm qun tr CSDL

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Cc khi nim c bn
ng dng

C s d liu (DataBase)
L mt b su tp cc d liu tc nghip
L cc d liu ca mt x nghip C quan h logic vi nhau c lu tr phc v cho mt ng dng cn tin hc ha.

H CSDL

CSDL

H QTCSDL
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CSDL l mt b su tp cc d liu tc nghip c lu tr li phc v cho cc ng dng ca mt x nghip c th no .

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(DataBase Management System-DBMS)

H qun tr c s d liu

H c s d liu
L mt h thng gm 4 thnh phn
CSDL v cc ng dng Nhng ngi s dng Phn mm DBMS Phn cng

L mt phn mm cho php

nh ngha, to lp CSDL: xc nh kiu, cu trc, rng buc d liu, lu tr d liu trn cc thit b nh. Thao tc trn CSDL: truy vn, cp nht, kt xut thng tin, vi cc d liu trong CSDL cho cc ng dng khc nhau

V d: MS SQL Server, DB2, MS Access, Oracle, FoxPro,

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V d: H qun l o to, h qun l nhn s, h qun l kinh doanh,

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H CSDL
Cc chng trnh ng dng DBMS CSDL Ngi s dng trc tuyn

Cc tnh nng ca DBMS

Qun l d liu tn ti lu di
nh ngha d liu Qun l lu tr

Truy xut d liu mt cch hiu qu

Cung cp cc thao tc d liu X l v ti u ha cu hi Qun tr giao dch

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Cc tnh nng ca DBMS

H tr t nht mt m hnh d liu m bo tnh c lp d liu H tr cc ngn ng cp cao nht nh cho php ngi s dng nh ngha cu trc ca d liu, truy nhp v thao tc d liu iu khin ng thi c cnh tranh Sao lu v phc hi d liu m bo an ton v ton vn d liu
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S tru tng ha d liu (Kin trc ca CSDL)

M hnh ngoi 1 (Khung nhn 1)

...

M hnh ngoi n (Khung nhn n)

Mc ngoi (khung nhn)

nh x ngoi-quan nim1

M hnh quan nim (CSDL mc logic) Mc quan nim (logic)

nh x quan nim-trong M hnh trong (CSDL mc vt l)

m t cch m ngi s dng c th nhn thy d liu nh ngha cu trc logic ca d liu, d liu no c lu tr v mi quan h gia cc d liu nh ngha cu trc cc tp v ch dn c s dng trong c s d liu (cch lu tr d liu nh th no)

Mc trong (vt l)

CSDL lu tr

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Tng ng 3 mc vi ngn ng Pascal

Type khach_hang = record ten:string; ngay_sinh:string; dia_chi:string; end;

Tnh c lp d liu
c lp d liu mc vt l: cc chng trnh ng dng l bt bin i vi cc thay i trong s vt l. c lp d liu mc logic: cc chng trnh ng dng l bt bin i vi cc thay i trong s logic.

Mc vt l: mt bn ghi khch_hang c m t nh mt khi nh, chng trnh dch che du cc chi tit mc ny i vi ngi lp trnh. Mc logic: mi bn ghi c m t bi mt nh ngha kiu, ngi lp trnh s dng ngn ng lp trnh lm vic ti mc tru tng ny. Mc khung nhn: ngi s dng my tnh thy mt tp cc chng trnh ng dng, che du nhng chi tit v cc kiu d liu
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Cc ngn ng c h tr bi DBMS
Ngn ng nh ngha d Definition Language - DDL) liu (Data
M t cu trc cc i tng trong CSDL Khai bo mi lin h gia cc d liu v cc quy tc, rng buc p t ln d liu Thay i cc m t cu trc

Kin trc ca mt h qun tr CSDL

Cc thay i s Cc truy vn Cc thay i d liu

B x l cu hi

Ngn ng thao tc d liu Manipulation Language - DML) Ngn ng iu khin d Control Language - DCL)

(Data
B qun l lu tr

B qun tr giao dch

Tm kim, thm, xa, sa d liu trong CSDL

liu

(Data

Khai bo bo mt thng tin Phn quyn cho ngi dng trong khai thc CSDL
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D liu (data)

Siu d liu (metadata)

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Qun l lu tr
Yu cu
lu tr v truy xut d liu trn cc thit b nh Yu cu
B qun l lu tr Qun l buffer Qun l tp Qun l giao dch

X l cu hi
B x l cu hi B bin dch B ti u B nh gi

Tm kim d liu tr li cho mt yu cu truy vn.

Thc hin

Thc hin
Bin i truy vn mc cao thnh cc yu cu c th hiu c bi h CSDL. La chn mt k hoch tt nht tr li truy vn ny.

T chc ti u d liu trn thit b nh Tng tc hiu qu Metadata & vi b qun l tp Data dictionary

B qun l lu tr

(t in d liu)

Data & index (ch mc)

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Metadata & Data dictionary

Data & index

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Qun tr giao dch

Yu cu
nh ngha giao dch: mt tp cc thao tc c x l nh mt n v khng chia ct c. m bo tnh ng n v tnh nht qun ca d liu.

Ngi dng
Ngi thit k v ci t h QTCSDL: chu trch nhim thit k v ci t cc module ca h QTCSDL v cc giao din di hnh thc cc gi phn mm Ngi pht trin cng c: chu trch nhim thit k v ci t cc gi phn mm h tr cho vic thit k, s dng cng nh tng cng hiu nng ca cc h CSDL.
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Thc hin
Qun l iu khin tng tranh. Pht hin li v phc hi CSDL
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Ngi dng
Ngi thit k CSDL: chu trch nhim xc nh cc d liu c lu tr trong CSDL v cc cu trc biu din cng nh lu tr nhng d liu ny Ngi qun tr CSDL: chu trch nhim cho php truy nhp CSDL, iu phi v kim tra s dng CSDL, qun l ti nguyn phn cng v phn mm khi cn thit Ngi bo tr h thng: l nhng ngi qun tr h thng chu trch nhim cho vic hot ng v bo tr mi trng (phn cng v phn mm) cho h CSDL
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Ngi dng
Ngi phn tch h thng v pht trin ng dng: chu trch nhim xc nh yu cu ca ngi dng cui, xc nh cc giao dch cn thit p ng cc yu cu ngi dng, lp trnh ng dng ci t nhng yu cu ny trong chng trnh, kim th, g ri, lp ti liu cho chng trnh Ngi s dng cui: l ngi khai thc cc h CSDL t terminal.
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Ni dung chng
1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng v nhng hn ch ca n. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 Phn loi cc h CSDL.
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1.3 Phn loi cc h CSDL

M hnh d liu
Mng vs. phn cp vs. quan h vs. hng i tng vs. ...

S ngi s dng
Mt ngi dng vs. nhiu ngi dng

Tnh phn tn ca CSDL

Tp trung vs. Phn tn

Nhu cu khai thc CSDL

OLTP vs. OLAP,KDD
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Cc h CSDL tp trung
H CSDL c nhn: mt ngi s dng va thit k, to lp CSDL, vit cc chng trnh tin hc ha mt vi ng dng n l v cp nht, khai thc d liu.
m nhim vai tr: ngi qun tr CSDL, ngi vit chng trnh ng dng, end-user.

Cc h CSDL tp trung (tip)

H CSDL trung tm H CSDL c nhn

H CSDL trung tm: d liu c lu tr trn mt my tnh trung tm, ngi dng truy cp CSDL t cc terminal. H CSDL khch-ch:
Cc my tnh trung tm ln t so vi cc my nh v my trm. Cc ng dng my khch truy nhp d liu c qun l bi my ch.
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H CSDL khchch
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Cc h CSDL phn tn
CSDL phn tn? L mt tp cc CSDL c quan h logic vi nhau nhng c tri ra trn nhiu trm lm vic ca mt mng my tnh. C 2 tnh cht: quan h logic v phn tn H QTCSDL phn tn: L mt h thng phn mm cho php to lp CSDLPT v iu khin cc truy nhp i vi CSDLPT ny. Chia ra 2 loi: CSDLPT thun nht v khng thun nht
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Cc h CSDLPT (tip)

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Kt lun
CSDL cho php lu tr v khai thc d liu mt cch thng nht v hiu qu (c bit trong trng hp khi lng d liu ln). S tru tng v d liu v tnh c lp d liu cho php pht trin ng dng d dng hn. H qun tr CSDL cung cp cc cng c hu hiu tr gip vic to lp CSDL v pht trin ng dng
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S dng kin thc mn hc ny trong tng lai

More than 80 % of real world computer applications are associated with databases*
* Korth

& Silberschatz. Database System Concepts.

Pht trin ng dng

nghin cu v pht trin

Nghin cu

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Cc im cn lu trong chng ny
Cch tip cn tp vs. cch tip cn CSDL CSDL vs. h QTCSDL vs. h CSDL Kin trc 3 mc ca h CSDL Cc chc nng chnh ca mt h QTCSDL Ngi s dng trong mt h CSDL Phn loi cc h CSDL

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