1

QUN L CHT THI NGUY HI

TRNG I HC DN LP VN LANG
KHOA CNG NGH & QUN L MI TRNG
Chng 6
TS Trn Th M Diu
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
X L CHT THI NGUY HI
C nh ha rn
Thng 09 nm2011
Thanh phan, Inh rhaI 6T
Tong Iuong 6T ran xu Iy
CNG NGH X L CHT THI RN
Yu t cn xem xt
Tong Iuong 6T ran xu Iy
kha nang Ihu hoI san pham & nang Iuong
Yau rau bao va moI Truong
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
0n }nh 6Thh dong ngha voI vIar ro d}nh 6Thh
vao moI rhaI phu gIa nham
6 I IhI I h h I I I h I Ih I
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
6aI IhIan rar Inh rhaI vaI Iy rua rhaI IhaI
Iam kha nang phaI Ian vao moI Iruong
Iam do hoa Ian rua rhaI o nhIam
Iam Inh dor haI rua 6Thh
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
T d u b u kh I h I Ih I
Tham vao 6Thh moI Iuong Ihrh hop rhaI
hoa ran da
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
Tang do rung, ban vung rua khoI rhaI IhaI
Iam do Iham Ihau rua 6Thh
Tng Inh rhaI rh}u nan rua khoI vaI IIau
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Phm vi p dng
X l cht thi ng hi
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
X l cht thi nguy hi
X l t nhim
X l cht thi khc
CHAT PHU GIA
Cht hu c
Cht v c
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
CHAT O NHIEM
Gim pht tn
Gim tnh c hi
2
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Bn sinh ra t qu trnh ch bin du m
Bn t b gn ca qt luyn than cc cha Cr
X t t h t th X t qu trnh sn xut thp
Cht thi t qu trnh tinh ch toluenediamine
Bn t cc trm x l nc thi xi m
Cc cht oxy ha
Cc cht phng x
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Tro l t cha kim loi nng
Bng n hunh quang
Bn t trmx l nc thi c cha kim Bn t trm x l nc thi c cha kim
loi nng cao
Thuc bo v thc vt
Ha cht thi
Bn t qt x l nc thi (t phng th
nghim) cha thy ngn
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Loi cht ph gia
T l phi trn
Yu t nh hng
n hiu qu
Kch thc ht ca vt liu c nh ha rn
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Tng ng
k th tch
K mi trng c th
tc ng n vic c
nh lu di
Yu t nh hng n
kh nng p dng cng
ngh c nh ha rn
Cc cht hu c
thng khng th
c nh c
Hiu qu lu di ca
qt ny cha c
chng minh
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Cht thi c m
cao lm tng chi ph
Loi v nng
cht nhim
yu t nh hng
n chi ph x l
Quy m ca h thng c nh ha rn
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Cng ngh c nh ha rn
Bitum ha (bituminization)
Asphalt ha (emulsified asphalt) Asphalt ha (emulsified asphalt)
C nh ha rn bng ximng sulfur ci
tin (modified sulfur cement)
p nha PE (polyethylene extrusion)
C nh ha rn bng ximng portland
(pozzolan/portland cement)
3
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Ha rn cht thi phng x (radioactive
waste solidification)
Cng ngh c nh ha rn
n nh bn (sludge stabilization)
Phosphate ha cht ha tan (soluble
phosphate)
Thy tinh ha (vitrification/molten glass)
waste solidification)
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Cht thi
Phu tip
nhn
Bng chuyn
Thit b np
liu nh lng
Thit b phi
Xil cha tc
nhn lm kh
Thit b np tc Nc Thit b phi
trn ng nht
Thit b trn/
ng khun
Thit b np tc
nhn lm kh
Nc
(nu cn)
Bn cha tc
nhn kt dnh
lng
Bm
Bng chuyn chuyn n khu vc tp trung chuyn ln
xe vn chuyn n ni lu tr hoc chn lp
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Nguyn liu
(CTCN nh bn,
Nghin
ry
Nc
( ,
tro,)
Ph gia
(ct, xi
mng,)
Phi
trn
p
nh
hnh
n
nh
Kim
tra
r r
Chn
lp an
ton
t
Khg
t
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Thit k - v d 2 tn/ngy
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Ph hp vi loi cht thi
cn c nh ha rn
La chn loi cht ph gia
Sn c R tin
CAC CHAT VO C:
- CEMENT
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Cht ph gia thng dng
- POZZOLANS
- LIME
- BENTONITE
- SILICATE
CAC CHAT HU C:
- POLYMER
- THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
4
6EMEhT
bon bop coa caIci siIicatc, caIci, siIic, nbom va oxt sat
Phan ng hoa ran tricalcium silicate trong cement
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
2(3CaO.SiO
2
) + 6H
2
O 3CaO.2SiO
2
.3H
2
O + 3Ca(OH)
2
hoac
2(2CaO.SiO
2
) + 4H
2
O 3CaO.2SiO
2
.3H2O + Ca(OH)
2
Phan ng nhanh nhat xay ra vi portland cement
3CaO.Al
2
O
3
+ 6H
2
O3CaO.Al
2
O
3
.6H
2
O + nhiet
6EMEhT
- Thrh hop dung ro d}nh rar kIm IoaI nang do
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
Thrh hop dung ro d}nh rar kIm IoaI nang do
hnh Ihanh rar IIan kaI hoa hor gIua 6Thh voI
mang IInh Iha ramanI
- khong hIau qua khI su dung da on d}nhlhoa
ran rar 6Thh huu ro
F0ZZ0Lkh
Hon bop cac oxit kim Ioai kicm tbo
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Phan ng vi voi toi trong moi trng nc tao
thanh vat lieu co ket dang be tong
- Thch hp e on nh/hoa ran CTNH kim loai nang
gia tr pH cao
- Thch hp on nh/ hoa ran CTNH hu c bang qua
trnh hap thu
- Nguyen lieu thng s dung la x lo cao
YE0 6k0 kY Th0kT h0k kh 8kh F0ZZ0Lkh
- Silic: 60-65% khoi lng
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Nhom: 25-30% khoi lng
- Canxi, natri ~ 5% khoi lng,
- Khi thieu Ca, bo sung CaO e tang hoat tnh cua x than.
- pH bun: ~ 10
- Ty le khoi lng chat thai:x than t 1:6 en 1:8
- Ap lc nen ong vien: xap x 50kG/cm
2
V0I T0I
Tbanb pban cbo yco Ia Ca(OH)
2
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Thch hp e on nh/hoa ran bun thai cha kim loai
nang ham lng cao
- Thch hp on nh/ hoa ran CTNH co tnh acid
- Phan ng CTNH tao thanh dang calcium silicate,
calcium alumina, calcium alumino-silicate
- Thng s dung ket hp vi vat lieu pozzolan
8ILI6kT E Tkh (Th0Y TIhh L0h)
- Thuy tinh long + cement tao thanh chat ong
ran
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Rat co hieu qua e ong ran bun thai cha ch,
ong, kem nong o cao.
5
kT 8ET h00 60 8IEh Thh
OrganopbiIic cIays
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Kha nang hap phu CTNH c cai thien nh thay
the Cation trong mang tinh the cua at set bang
cac goc hoat ong, thng la NH
4
+
- Thch hp e on nh/hoa ran chat hu c trong
CTNH
CAC FOtYMFk H CO
- CTNH c on nh bang qua trnh polymer hoa
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Thch hp e on nh/hoa ran CTNH hu c dang
long, khong bay hi
- Thch hp s dung e on nh/hoa ran chat thai
phong xa nong o thap trc khi thai bo.
- Thng khong s dung trong phuc hoi at o nhiem
NHA NHlFT DFO
Nboa doong (aspbaIt), parapbin, poIyctbyIcn,
poIypropyIcn

CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- Thng s dung e on nh CTNH theo c che
bao boc. Khi b lam lanh, nha nhiet deo se hoa
ran va bao phu be mat CTNH
- Thng s dung e hoa ran chat thai phong xa
do gia re
- Ty le s dung thong thng Nha: CTNH la 1:1
hoac 2:1
60 6hE
- BAO BOC MC KCH THC LN
(MACROENCAPSULATION)
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
SOLIDIFICATION - STABILIZATION
- BAO BOC MC KCH THC NHO
(MICROENCAPSULATION)
- HAP THU
- HAP PHU
- KET TUA
- KH OC
60 6hE 8k0 806 k6h Th006 L0h
- CTNH b bao boc vat ly trong mot khuon co
kch thc nhat nh
- CTNH phan bo khong lien tuc trong vat lieu on
nh/hoa ran
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
nh/hoa ran
- Tnh chat cua CTNH khong b thay oi khi phat
tan vao moi trng
- Khoi vat lieu a on nh/hoa ran co the b v
theo thi gian do cac ap lc moi trng
- Mc o bao boc tang len theo loai vat lieu va
nang lng khuay tron
60 6hE 8k0 806 k6h Th006 hh0
- CTNH c bao boc cau truc tinh the
rat nho cua vat lieu on nh/hoa ran
- a so thanh phan CTNH van gi nguyen
th b b b khi kh i t li
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
the b bao boc khi khoi vat lieu a on
nh/hoa ran b v
- Mc o phat tan CTNH vao moi trng
phu thuoc kch thc hat vat lieu b v
- Mc o bao boc tang len theo loai vat
lieu va nang lng khuay tron
6
60 6hE hkF Th0
- Thng ap dung cho CTNH dang long
- Chat hap thu (on nh/hoa ran) the ran
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Chat hap thu (on nh/hoa ran) the ran
- CTNH b hap thu vao vat lieu va giai
phong nc t do
- Can tach lng nc trong khoi vat lieu
bang qua trnh nen ep c hoc
60 6hE hkF Fh0
- Thng ap dung cho CTNH dang long
- Chat hap phu (on nh/hoa ran) the ran
- CTNH b hap phu tren be mat vat lieu
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
C b ap p u e be a a eu
bang cac lien ket tnh ien (Van de Waal)
hoac lien ket hydro
- CTNH kho phat tan vao moi trng khi
khoi vat lieu b v
- Mc o on nh/hoa ran CTNH ben hn
so vi c che bao boc
60 6hE kET T0k
- Thng ap dung cho CTNH vo c dang
long, bun
- CTNH lien ket hoa hoc vi chat phu gia
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
- CTNH lien ket hoa hoc vi chat phu gia
tao ket tua ran
- CTNH kho phat tan vao moi trng
- Mc o on nh/hoa ran CTNH phu thuoc
vao gia tr pH moi trng
60 6hE kh0 06
- Thng ap dung cho CTNH vo c dang
long, bun
CTNH lien ket hoa hoc vi chat phu gia
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
- CTNH lien ket hoa hoc vi chat phu gia
tao ket tua ran
- CTNH kho phat tan vao moi trng
- Mc o on nh/hoa ran CTNH phu thuoc
vao gia tr pH moi trng
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Nghin cu
Thnh
phn
n v Bn xi
m
Tro l
t
TCVN
7209 :2002
pH - 8,22 11,09 -
m % khi
lng t
28,03 25,39 -
lng t
ng mg/kg kh 65.900 1.730 100
Crm mg/kg kh 200.370 86,12 150*
Niken mg/kg kh 42.840 42,61 50*
Ch mg/kg kh - 68,81 300
Cadimi mg/kg kh - 0,01 10
Thy ngn mg/kg kh - 0,005 1*
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Nghin cu
7
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Nghin cu
Bn Tro
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Nghin cu bn xi m
Mu % khi lng
Ximng : bn : ct
Cng nn (kg/cm
2
) r r (mg/L) Gii hn (mg/L)
Gi tr Tiu chun Cu Ni Cr
tc
Cu Ni Cr
tc
B
1-1
20 : 60 : 20 1,53
3,5
KPH KPH KPH
<
200
< 2 < 5
B
1-2
20 : 50 : 30 5,00 4,16 2,29 0,60
B
1-3
30 : 40 : 30 46,00 3,10 1,32 0,78
B
1-4
25 : 75 : 0 2,35 KPH KPH KPH
B 30 70 0 2 96 KPH KPH KPH B
1-5
30 : 70 : 0 2,96 KPH KPH KPH
B
1-6
35 : 65 : 0 19,78 2,10 0,57 0,77
B
1-7
40 : 60 : 0 28,87 0,36 0,09 0,92
Mu % khi lng
Ximng : bn : ct
Cm quan
B
1-1
20 : 60 : 20 B mt nhm, cc cnh d v
B
1-2
20 : 50 : 30 Khi cng chc, b mt lng, cc cnh chc
B
1-3
30 : 40 : 30
B mt nhm, cc cnh d v khi b ch nh
B
1-4
25 : 75 : 0
B
1-5
30 : 70 : 0
Khi cng chc, b mt lng, cc cnh chc B
1-6
35 : 65 : 0
B
1-7
40 : 60 : 0
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Nghin cu tro l t
Mu %khi lng
Ximng : bn : ct
Cng nn (kg/cm
2
) r r Cu
(mg/L)
Gii hn Cu
(mg/L) Gi tr Tiu chun
T
1-1
20 : 60 : 20 29,68
3,5
0,15
< 200
T
1-2
20 : 50 : 30 24,99 0,38
T
1-3
30 : 40 : 30 67,63 0,14
T
1-4
25 : 75 : 0 38,76 2,65
T
1-5
30 : 70 : 0 55,90 0,20
T 35 : 65 : 0 66 91 0 15 T
1-6
35 : 65 : 0 66,91 0,15
T
1-7
40 : 60 : 0 99,69 0,11
Mu % khi lng
Ximng : bn : ct
Cm quan
T
1-1
20 : 60 : 20 B mt sn, c nhiu l rng, cc cnh d v, t gn kt
T
1-2
20 : 50 : 30
Khi cng chc, b mt lng, cc cnh chc
T
1-3
30 : 40 : 30
T
1-4
25 : 75 : 0 B mt sn, c nhiu l rng, cc cnh d v, t gn kt
T
1-5
30 : 70 : 0
Khi cng chc, b mt lng, cc cnh chc, gn kt tt T
1-6
35 : 65 : 0
T
1-7
40 : 60 : 0
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Thit k
Cc hng mc cng trnh chnh
Khu tip nhn
Kho lu tr cht thi v ph gia
Khu vc tin x l cht thi (nghin ry) Khu vc tin x l cht thi (nghin, ry)
Khu vc tp kt cht thi, ph gia, cn nh
lng v phi trn (gi tt l khu phi trn);
Khu vc p nh hnh v n nh sn phm
Khu vc lu tr sn phm c nh ha rn
Phng th nghim xc nh r r ca sn phm
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Thit k - v d 2 tn/ngy
Hng mc cng trnh Kch thc Din tch (m
2
)
Khu tip nhn 10,0 m x 22,0 m 220,0
Kho lu tr cht thi v ph gia 10,0 m x 7,0 m 70,0
Khu vc tin x l cht thi (nghin, ry)
trc khi c nh ha rn
6,0 m x 6,0 m 36,0
Khu vc tp kt cht thi, ph gia, cn nh
lng v phi trn (gi tt l khu phi trn)
6,7 m x 6,7 m 44,9
Khu vc p nh hnh v n nh sn phm 11,6 m x 11,6 m 134,6
Khu vc lu tr sn phm c nh ha rn
chuyn n bi chn lp
11,5 m x 11,5 m 132,3
Phng th nghim xc nh r r ca sn
phm
5,0 m x 10,0 m 50,0
Tng cng 687,8
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Thit k - v d 2 tn/ngy
Loi thit b Mc ch s dng n v S
lng
Xe y tay Chuyn cht thi v ph gia v
kho
Xe 2
My nghin 250 kg/gi Nghin cht thi trc x l My 1
H thng sng rung
250 kg/gi
Sng cht thi chn kch thc
thch hp
B 1
250 kg/gi thch hp
Cn nh lng 500 kg Cn cht thi trc khi phi trn Cn 1
My trn btng 400
kg/gi
Trn hn hp trc khi p My 1
Khun p 0,3m x 0,3m
x 0,3 m
p nh hnh sn phm Khun 315
Xe cu sn phm Cu sn phm ln xe vn chuyn Xe 1
Thit b phng th
nghim
Th nghim r r ca sn phm B 1
8
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Thit k - v d 2 tn/ngy
Hng mc cng trnh S lng nhn cng
(ngi)
Qun c phn xng 1
Qun l s sch, h s, xut nhp cht thi v
sn phm
1
Cng nhn vn hnh khu tip nhn v kho 2 g p
lu sn phm
Cng nhn vn hnh thit b nghin, sng 2
Cng nhn vn hnh thit b trn 2
Cng nhn vn hnh ti khu p nh hnh sn
phm
3
Nhn vin phng th nghim 1
Tng cng 14
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
CNG NGH C NH HA RN
Soil Solidification stabilization