Soil 06

c b n c h c t

landslides

Nguy n Kim Thanh Tr t t t i CA, Hoa K,

2011

landslices Newton 1st law: F~m*a

SI unit: F = m*a; 1 N = 1kg*m/s2;
mg mg sin

L c

VD hy tnh gia t c ban u c a t ng n ng 500 k trn m t ph ng nghing 30o.

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presure unit conversion

psi 1 14.7 0.0361 0.001421 0.01421 0.0625 14.22 0.4912 0.01934 0.1934 0.0145 14.504 0.000145 0.14504 145.04 atms. 0.0681 1 0.00246 0.000097 0.000967 0.00425 0.968 0.03342 0.001316 0.01316 0.000987 0.987 0.00001 0.00987 9.869 mm H2O 703.8 10,343 25.4 1 10 43.986 100,010 345.7 13.61 136.1 10.21 10,210 0.102 102.07 102,074 cm H2O 70.38 1,034.3 2.54 0.1 1 4.40 1,001 34.57 1.361 13.61 1.021 1021 0.0102 10.207 10,207 oz/in 16 235.1 0.5775 0.0227 0.227 1 227.6 7.858 0.310 3.10 0.2321 232.1 0.00232 2.321 2321 Kg/cm 0.0704 1.033 0.00254 0.0001 0.001 0.0044 1 0.0345 0.00136 0.0136 0.00102 1.02 0.00001 0.0102 10.2 mm Hg (Torr) 51.715 760 1.866 0.0735 0.735 3.232 735.6 25.4 1 10 0.75 750 0.0075 7.5 7500 cmHg 5.17 76 0.187 0.00735 0.0735 0.3232 73.56 2.54 0.1 1 0.075 75 0.00075 0.75 750 mbar 68.95 1013 2.488 0.098 0.98 4.31 980.7 33.86 1.333 13.33 1 1,000 0.01 10 10,000 bar 0.0689 1.013 0.00249 0.000098 0.00098 0.00431 0.981 0.0339 0.001333 0.01333 0.001 1 0.00001 0.01 10 Pa (N/m) 6,895 101,325 248.8 9.8 98 431 98,067 3,386 133.3 1,333 100 100,000 1 1,000 1,000,000 kPa 6.895 101.3 0.249 0.0098 0.098 0.431 98.07 3.386 0.1333 1.333 0.1 100 0.001 1 1,000

L c
Normal stress ( ng su t th ng) =tr ng l ng/A: Tr ng l ng W = kh i l ng x g; Kh i l ng m = *A*z (z) = *g*z

VD: t tr ng trung bnh c a t l 2000kg/m3. H i l c thng tr ng tc ng ln b m t t su 3 m l bao nhiu?

i m t gy Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

n

b n tnh ch t c a v t li u h t r i
xt l c tc ng c a cc h t r i ln 1 m t ph ng: Khi : h t ct b t u ln => Nh v y F Fc; Lc ny Fc/R=: h s ma st tnh (trong). Nh v y: = Fc/R=??? = tan Hay: Fc=Rtan= .

R F

The limiting shear stress (soil strength) is given by

W
Ct: 27o-40o S i: 40o-50o;

= c + n tan
where c = cohesion (apparent) = friction angle

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 b n tnh ch t c a v t li u h t r i (2)

ng su t, s c b n v s c cng (stress, strength and strain)

Stress: W/A (Pa) Strain=L/L L/L=tan : shear angle; E=stress/strain =constant; (Youngs modulus) Tensile stress: Tensile strain:

V i nhi u h t: n*Fc=n*R*tan

Shear box

shear van
L c F trn an d = Fd (torque); =>l c t o ra A v moment l Ar, nh v y: Ar=Fd; t t gy =s; v y s=Fcd/(Ar)

Normal stress: W Shearing force: F Area: A; Shear stress = F/A; shear strehgth: s = maxF/A = shear stress t i t gy T i t gy: s;

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s cb n t
t khng dnh v i n h t: nFc/A = (nR/A) tan hay s = tan -: normal stress -K t h p v i phng trnh tr c: s = y*g*z tan

s c b n t (2)
t dnh, theo Coulomb s = C+*tan

V d : M t m u t nguyn d ng (cha lm v ) c c t thnh 2 ph n, m i ph n c t vo 1 shear box (hnh 6.1 2). shear box 1 c kh i l ng l 10kg, v l c c n thi t c t l m u 1 l 100N. M u 2 c ch t v i kh i l ng l 30 kg, v l c c n thi t c t l 200 N. N u m t ph ng c t c a t trong shear box l 0.2 m2, hy tnh s c b n dnh v s c b n do ma st i v i t ny

V d 2
M t ho v i cc t ng c o m c tnh v t l c a t gi s l kh ng nh t cho n su , H, c a ho (xem hnh). Ph n hatch m nh hnh v c a b t c th tr t vo trong ho, v c th th y gc tr t l (45 + /2) theo chi u ngang. Hy l p cng th c tnh tr ng l ng W?

K t qu

(2) N u = 1600 kgm-3 , H = 5 m, g = 9.8 ms-2 and = 38 W , s b ng bao nhiu? (3) hy v s phn b l c c th t o nn t gy nh trong tr ng h p 1,? (4) ht thi t l p cng th c lin h i v i l c ch ng c t, , tc d ng ln m t ph ng ti m nng c th b t gy (5) n u s c b n t trung bnh trn thnh c a ho l 100kPa (100000Pa), nh v y li u t gy c th xy ra khng v i cc s li u cho trong cu 2,?

u tin c th cho th y tr ng l c , W, c a ph n t c th tr t theo m i mt chi u di c a ho: W= (/2)H2gtan(45-/2) (N/m). W=kh i l ng *g = *th tch*g = *g*1/2* (r ng *cao) * 1m (N/m) hay W= *g*1/2*H2tan(45-/2) (N/m) 2) W = 95.6 * 104 N/m. (4) ng su t c t = (l c/m) tc ng song song v i m t ph ng c t/ di n tch c a 1 m chi u di c a m t ph ng t gy - Di n tch c a m t ph ng t gy = H/cos(45-/2)* 1m - Trn hnh v cho th y l c tc d ng song song v i m t ph ng t gy Wcos(45-/2) V y, =W*cos2(45-/2)/H (????) (5) thay W=95,6*104N/m vo cng th c trn ta c: =155kPa. V y? V i k tqu ny cho th y k t qu t gy c th x y ra.

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Tc ng c a n c

s=gh=2T/r
s = e+s
cng th c Coulomb's ph i vi t l i:

s=Ce+ etane
r rng l l c ht (suction)

s lm tng s
ct

cb nc a

L c cng b m t c a n c gi cho cc h t t l i v i nhau

N c n m chnh gi a cc h at lm cho chng c xu h ng xa nhau

nh h ng c a l c ht v bo ha trn ng su t c ch s = e+s trong : 0 1; = e + u; (u: positive pore presure) Hay e = - u.

V d : s

nh h ng c a n c

Gi thi t r ng gc ma st trong () c a 1 t pha st lin quan n l ng n c ch a trong t b i cng th c: = 27 - 45 ( ) S c b n dnh (C) c a t cho b i C = 4000 - 8000 (Nm-2) T tr ng t c a t: = 1200 + 1000 (kgm-3) Hy tnh s c b n (shear strength) s c a t su 2 m, khi (a) when = 0.1 and (b) = 0.4.

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V d : s

nh h ng c a n c (gi i)

Cch vi t khc: total stress failure criterion

If the soil is taken to failure at constant volume (undrained) then the failure criterion can be written in terms of total stress as

(a) Khi = 0.1 =(1200+100)*9.8*2=2.55x104Pa;

=27-45*0.1=22,5o S= C +tan = (4000 - 8000) + 2.55x104Pa x tan22.5o = 13.8kPa (?)

= c u + n tan u
cu and u are known as the undrained strength parameters These parameters are not soil constants, they depend strongly on the moisture content of the soil.

(b) = 0.4 =(1200+400)*9.8*2=3.14x104Pa;

=27-45*0.4=9o S= C +tan = (4000 - 8000) + 3.14x104Pa x tan9o = 0.801kPa (?)

c thm: Total stress failure criterion

If the soil is taken to failure at constant volume (undrained) then the failure criterion can be written in terms of total stress as

Tests to measure soil strength

1. Shear Box Test
Normal load Top platen Load cell to measure Shear Force Soil

= c u + n tan u
cu and u are known as the undrained strength parameters These parameters are not soil constants, they depend strongly on the moisture content of the soil. The undrained strength is only relevant in practice to clayey soils that in the short term remain undrained. Note that as the pore pressures are unknown for undrained loading the effective stress failure criterion cannot be used.

Motor drive

Porous plates

Rollers Measure relative horizontal displacement, dx vertical displacement of top platen, dy

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Adapted to Professor Stan Williams, IOWA, 2003

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Cu h i
Stress? Strenght? Strain? V cc hnh m t h ng l c? Cc thnh ph n l c no t o nn s c b n c a t? Khi no th t t gy? Gi i thch tc d ng c a n c nh h ng s c b n c a t?

Bi t p
Trn 1 ng n i, kh i l ng t tc ng ln 1 s l c m t s ni v c th d n t i t gy. K qu t gy l 1 m t ph ng gi thi t nh trong hnh. S t gy ny c th x y ra khi tr i ma ho c bng tan pore water pressure gia tng. Gi s r n ph u di n t l ng nh t t tr ng t . Trong ph n t c xem xt hy vi t cng th c tnh W. b) t k t qu W, hy vi t cng th c tnh normal stress su z; v cng th c tnh shear ; c) S d ng cng th c couloumb, ch ra s t gy su z, c ph i l tan=C/(gzcos2) + tan (?); d) Hy tnh , gc t gy, n u C=7kPa, =1500kg.m-3, z=1.5m v =12o.

Direct Shear Box Apparatus

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