Concept of ICAM in Soc Trang Province

Dr Klaus Schmitt Chief Technical Advisor GIZ CZM Project, Soc Trang, Vietnam
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Integrated coastal area management

Different site-specific and appropriate solutions must be applied both along the coastline as a linear structure as well as along the coastal zone from the sea to the land Consider the interaction of many complex processes and many different interests in the coastal zone Decisions must be made with the participation of the different stakeholders and based on an interdisciplinary and cross-border consensus
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The Project Aim: protect and sustainably use the coastal wetlands for the benefit of the local population
Capacity building Effective mangrove management and protection with emphasis on resilience to climate change

Environmental awareness

Mangrove rehabilitation
Tool box, mimic nature, erosion protection

Historical information Lessons learnt and Test new approaches

Mangrove management
Planting alone is of little use, co-management, ICAM, livelihood

site specific approaches to adaptation to climate change risk spreading strategies (uncertainties)
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 Dynamic coast line (process of accretion and erosion) Discharge regime of the Mekong River Long-shore currents (Monsoon wind), Tidal regime of the East Sea

The setting of the coastal zone of Soc Trang

Narrow belt of mangrove forest along the coast line Importance of mangroves

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Threats Climate Change ICAM

Storms (erosion) Sea level rise Flooding (Mekong) Saline intrusion Changes in precipitation Temperature increase

Adaptation
Mangroves (soft) Sea dyke (hard) Hybrid (soft and hard solutions) Site specific solutions (ICAM) covers the
full cycle of information collection, planning, decision making, management and monitoring

Looking at status quo is not enough

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Cannot look at status quo only .... time travel

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Historic information provides an important input for sustainable coastal development and climate change adaptation measures

Oct.

1901 Looking at status quo is not enough

2006
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MANGROVE rehabilitation
Based on lessons learnt: species, site, time, technique (tool box) Mimic nature: imitate the successful regeneration of nature Precautionary principle: test new approaches to mangrove planting without having the scientific proof of their successfulness Aim: create diverse coastal forests in terms of species composition as well as horizontal and vertical structure (increase resilience)

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Planting mangroves alone is of little use

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MANGROVE management
Co-management is based upon negotiation, joint decision-making, a degree of power-sharing and fair distribution of benefits among all stakeholders Process, 4 steps, 4 principles - Participatory process - Agreement - Pluralistic governance body Sustainability through PES
Surveys Decree 151

ICAM Participation
Consultation Organisation

Zonation 6W
Who What When Where hoW hoW much

Negotiation Agreement

Implementation

Monitoring & evaluation

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Open access => sustainable use Rules (who, area, time, tools) Zonation

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Impacts of co-management
Since we started co-management we are very happy because our daily income has increased. We benefit now from about 50,000 60,000 Dong per day Now we have to go less far to catch or collect resources Before we were afraid of forest rangers, now we are working together and there are fewer outsiders entering our area

World Resources Report 2010-2011: Vietnams experience suggests that adaptation approaches with a single objective, such as protecting coastal infrastructure from sea level rise, can lead to conflicts of interest that hinder implementation, especially when local communities are not involved
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Payment for ecosystem services part of an integrated approach

Non monetary benefits

Not looked at in sectoral isolation

Shared monetary benefits (PES)

Mangrove co-management

Clam cooperative
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ICAM needs a sound understanding of natural processes (dynamic equilibrium)

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MANGROVE rehabilitation in erosion sites

Mangroves grow along sheltered coast lines; therefore in erosion sites it is necessary to first reduce erosion, stimulate sedimentation and, as far as possible, avoid downdrift erosion Wave breakers Appropriate solution Numerical model which simulates hydrodynamics and shoreline development

1904

1952

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Design of breakwaters based on numerical modelling and physical wave flume modelling

www.czm-soctrang.org.vn
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Summary
Co-management is an effective way of maintaining and enhancing the protection function of the mangrove forest belt and at the same time providing livelihood for local communities Payment for ecosystem services contributes to sustainability and livelihood improvement Site specific solutions as part of an holistic approach along the coastal zone (not just looking at one area, no sectoral approach) Risk spreading strategies (mimic nature) and zonation Full political support from all levels and agreement from all stakeholders (consensus) as well as participation are essential Computer modelling helps to understand complex processes and coastal dynamics
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