Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

CNG TRNH V SINH TRONG DU LCH NNG

HYGIENIC BUILDING OF TOURISM IN DA NANG SVTH: L Th Li, L Th Thy Nga
Lp 07CVNH, Khoa Lch S, Trng i hc S Phm

GVHD: ThS. L Th Thu Hin

Khoa Lch S, Trng i hc S Phm
TM TT Cng trnh v sinh ng vai tr quan trng trong cuc sng hng ngy ni chung v trong du lch ni ring. Hin nay, Nng ngoi tr cng trnh v sinh ti cc c s lu tr v khu ngh dng, cn li hu ht cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng, cng trnh v sinh ti cc im v khu du lch sinh thi u mt v sinh v xung cp nghim trng. V vy, vic tm hiu thc trng cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng nhm a ra cc gii php khc phc l iu rt cn thit. ABSTRACT Hygienic demand plays an important role in our daily life and the especially in tourism. At present, in Da Nang excepting for hygienic buildings at home and the district have a rest yet nourishes, almost public hygienic buildings and at some ecological resort are very dirty and seriously downgraded. Thus, it is very necessary to find out the hygienic situation of Da Nangs tourism so that we can minimize the situation.

1. t vn V sinh l mt trong nhng nhu cu ht sc cp thit ca mi ngi v khi i du lch, du khch khng ch quan tm n mi phong cnh p hay vn khc, m cn n cng trnh v sinh. Chuyn cng trnh v sinh Nng va thiu, va bn v nhch nhc, nhiu ngi v qu cn gii quyt nhu cu ring cng nh nhm mt lm liu bi d sao c cn hn khng. Nhng vi ngnh du lch Nng vic thiu cng trnh v sinh ng ngha ti tuyn ng, im, khu, c s lu tr s nh hng ti cht lng sn phm du lch v lm gim n tng v thnh ph bn b sng Hn ca du khch. Chnh v vy, chng ti chn ti: Cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng lm cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc, vi mc ch tm hiu r v thc trng v t a ra nhng gii php nhm ci thin tnh hnh ny. 2. Thc trng v gii php nhm nng cao cht lng cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng 2.1. C s l lun chung v du lch 2.1.1. Cc khi nim c bn v du lch Lut du lch Vit Nam nh ngha: Du lch l hot ng ca con ngi ngoi ni c tr thng xuyn ca mnh nhm tho mn nhu cu tham quan, tm hiu, gii tr, ngh dng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh [1, tr.9]. Ngoi khi nim du lch, cn c mt s khi nim khc lin quan n du lch nh: Khch du lch, im du lch, khu du lch, tuyn du lch, ti nguyn du lch, c s lu tr,
259

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

2.1.2. Cc yu t nh hng n hot ng kinh doanh du lch Du lch pht trin c nh hng bi cc yu t nh: Ti nguyn du lch (ti nguyn t nhin, ti nguyn nhn vn) v cc iu kin pht trin du lch (chnh tr, kinh t, giao thng, chnh sch pht trin du lch, thi gian ri, s sn sng n tip du khch). 2.1.3. Cc loi hnh du lch v tc ng ca du lch n kinh t x hi v mi trng C th chia du lch thnh nhiu loi hnh khc nhau nh: Du lch quc t, du lch ni a hoc du lch cha bnh, du lch ngh ngi Vic pht trin du lch gp phn lm tng GDP v GNP cho nn kinh t, gii quyt vic lm cho ngi lao ng. Mt khc, du lch lm tng s lng tin lu thng dn ti lm pht, lm bng hoi thun phong m tc. 2.2. Thc trng cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng Theo Bch khoa ton th m: Cng trnh v sinh l ni m trong c h thng thi dnh cho cc cht thi c th nh phn v nc tiu. Mt s tn gi khc nh: Cu tm, nh x, chung x, toilet 2.2.1. Thc trng cng trnh v sinh cng cng Nng Thnh ph c 19 cng trnh v sinh cng cng, trong s c 13 cng trnh hot ng tm c, 6 cng trnh cn li t c s dng (mi y 2 cng trnh b ph b), cc cng trnh c phn b cc v tr khc nhau c nu r trong Bng 1. Bng 1. Thng k s lng cng trnh v sinh cng cng trn a bn thnh ph Nng Stt Cng trnh v sinh cng cng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Cng vin 29/3 Bc tng i 29/3 Bn giao 2005 2004 C quan qun l Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Cng ty mi trng th Nng Ghi ch

u tuyn Lin Chiu - Thun 2005 Phc Gn khu du lch Xun Thiu 2006 Cui ng Bch ng ng 2005

B hoang Ph b B hoang B hoang B hoang Ph b

Trung tm hi ch - trin lm 2006 quc t Cui ng Nguyn Tt 2006 Thnh Hn Thy - Non Nc 2006 ng cu sng Hn (Trn 2004 Hng o) Ty cu sng Hn (01 L 2004 Dun) Trc Vin C Chm (ng 2004 2/9)
260

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Gm cu vt Ha Cm 2006 i din trng Trung cp 2006 Xy Dng B N - Sui M 2005 Bi u xe B N 2006 Bn xe trung tm s 01 2006 Bn xe trung tm s 01 2007 Bn xe trung tm s 01 2006 Bn xe trung tm s 01 2006

Cng ty Cy xanh Nng Cng ty Cy xanh Nng im du lch B N im du lch B N Bn xe Trung tm Nng Bn xe Trung tm Nng Bn xe Trung tm Nng Bn xe Trung tm Nng
Ngun: Cng ty mi trng th Nng

Nhn chung, c s vt cht, trang thit b ca cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng ang cn nhiu im bt cp. Hm rt ca mt s cng trnh v sinh b h hng (Bch ng, Trn Ph, ng cu sng Hn). H thng in chiu sng b h hng (L Dun - Trn Ph, trc C Vin Chm) phi ko dy s dng, ca knh b h, rt r. Mt s cng trnh khng c nc thy cc phi dng nc bm c phn lm h cc thit b v sinh (ng cu sng Hn), nc sn tng vng, mc, c mt s cng trnh b nt tng (trc C Vin Chm). Cng tc v sinh cha tt, bc mi hi kh chu (trc ch ng a). Cng trnh v sinh thnh ni dng c, hng ha ln xn, ln chim khu vc dnh cho khch i v sinh (bn xe, ng cu sng Hn). nhng tuyn ng c khch du lch ng th li khng c cng trnh v sinh (Bch ng, Hng Vng), cn cc tuyn ng t khch th cng trnh v sinh gn nh b hoang (Bch ng ng, Nguyn Tt Thnh). 2.2.2. Thc trng cng trnh v sinh ti im du lch Gm c bo tng, khu vui chi gii tr, cc bi tm, thng cnh tham quan, nhn chung cc cng trnh v sinh y cha c s quan tm ca ban qun l, trang thit b thiu li h hng m cha c sa cha, t c lau chi nn bn v bc mi x u tiu biu l ch Cn, ch Hn cn Bo tng khu V th gn nh b b hoang. Nh v sinh thng minh bi tm Phm Vn ng v Sao Bin tuy mi a vo s dng ba nm nhng c mt s thit b h hng vn cha c sa cha. 2.2.3. Thc trng cng trnh v sinh ti khu du lch Khu du lch gm c khu du lch sinh thi (Sui Lng, Sui Hoa, B N - Sui M) v khu du lch ngh dng (Tin Sa, B N, L Nim, B N Bynight). khu du lch sinh thi hu ht cng trnh v sinh u thiu cc trang thit b nh: Gng soi, x phng, bn ra mt, giy v sinh hoc c nhng khng m bo cht lng. Cng tc v sinh cn km (ng ln Ni Cha - B N), mt s cng trnh b hoang, lng ph (Sui Lng). Cn cc khu du lch ngh dng hu ht u c trang thit b y , c thm khu v sinh tin snh, cng tc v sinh cng tt hn khu du lch sinh thi. 2.2.4. Thc trng cng trnh v sinh ti c s lu tr du lch Da vo Bng 2, chng ti thy thnh ph Nng hin c nhiu khch sn t mt n nm sao m bo tiu chun phng v sinh. Tuy nhin, c nhng khch sn cha t chun nhng vn c xp hng sao, li c nhng khch sn t chun nhng cng tc v sinh cha tt lm nh hng ti doanh thu ca khch sn cng nh ca thnh ph.
261

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

Bng 2. Tiu chun trang thit b phng v sinh khch sn t 1 sao n 5 sao 1 sao - Chu ra mt (Lavabo) - Bn cu bt c np - Vi tm hoa sen di ng - Vi nc nng, lnh - Gi knh trn lavabo (hoc b ) - Gng soi (trn Lavabo) - Gi treo khn mt, khn tm - Khn mt v khn tm - Mc treo qun o khi tm - X phng tm - Cc nh rng - Bn chi v kem nh rng - Hp ng v giy v sinh - St ng rc nha c np 2 sao Nh 1 sao 3 sao Nh 2 sao c thm: - Bn tm nm (hoc phng tm knh) cho 50 % tng s bung 4 sao 5 sao Nh 3 sao c Nh 4 sao c thm: thm: - Bn tm nm (hoc phng tm knh) cho 100 % tng s bung - Bn tm nm (cho 100% s bung) v phng tm knh (cho 30% tng s bung) - Du xoa da - Cn kim tra sc kho - Thit b v sinh cho ph n (bi) - Bng v sinh ph n

- in thoi - My sy tc - Mn che bn - o chong tm sau khi tm - M tm - Nc gi u - Dao co ru - Bng ngoy tai - Ti ny lng b giy v sinh ph n

Ngun: Quyt nh s 02/2001 ca Tng cc du lch [5]

C cc khch sn vt chun nh: Morning Star (mt sao), ngoi cc tiu chun bt buc, mt s phng cn c bn tm, o khoc tm trong khi yu cu ny phi c khch sn t ba sao tr ln; Cy Tre Nng (hai sao) cn c thm my sy tc v bn tm. Cn vi hng nm sao nh Hong Anh Gia Lai v Furama th cng tc v sinh tt, trang thit b y v c by tr rt chu o c c l hoa v cy cnh trong phng v sinh. Bn cnh , ti khch sn Bch ng (ba sao) phng v sinh thiu in thoi v ti ny lng b giy v sinh ph n, vy li treo mt chic ln lm mt thm m v thu hp khng gian. Ngoi ra, cng ti khch sn ny, ti tin snh cng trnh v sinh vn cha c dn dp sch s, thiu my h tay, giy lau tay. Sandy Beach (bn sao) ngoi nhng cng trnh v sinh trong cc phng cn c cng trnh v sinh ngoi tri tin cho du khch ngh dng. Cng trnh gn b bi khng c sch s cho lm, c mt s thit b v sinh b hng nh vi nc, khng c khn lau tay, chi lau ln xn. 2.2.5. Nhn xt cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng Qu tht, ng nh Bo Thanh Nin nhn xt: Du lch Nng thiu ci toilet. Mt s cng trnh v sinh cng cng bn, nm v tr cha hp l, c s vt cht xung cp, s dng cha ng chc nng v u c thu ph. Cng trnh v sinh ti im, khu du lch thiu, xung cp v mt v sinh cn ti cc khch sn v khu ngh dng t chun, cng tc v sinh tng i tt. Nu cc cng trnh v sinh ca t nhn xy dng v u t th trang thit b y v sch s cn cng trnh v sinh cng cng th trang thit b h hng nhiu, bn v t c dn dp.

262

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

2.3. Mt s gii php nhm nng cao cht lng cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng 2.3.1. V quy hoch Cn phi r sot li tnh hnh cng trnh v sinh trn a bn c gii php quy hoch ph hp. ng thi, phi bo m tnh kh thi, cn i gia cung v cu im d kin xy dng cng trnh v sinh cng cng. Vic quy hoch cng phi tnh n s hi ha trong kin trc v loi hnh nh loi: Di ng nh trn va h, c nh trong cng vin. 2.3.2. Chnh sch vn u t cho cng trnh v sinh Cn huy ng mi ngun vn trong v ngoi nc, trong ch trng ngun vn trong nc. Cc im du lch c th huy ng vn t cc cng ty l hnh hay a khch ti. T chc tuyn truyn vn cp thit ca cng trnh v sinh nhm tranh th s ng h, ng gp ca cc ban ngnh khc. Kinh ph bo tr v gi gn v sinh nn c ly t ph dch v ca ngi s dng cng trnh v sinh. 2.3.3. V t chc, qun l Cn phi c mt t chc qun l ng ra lo cho vn ny nh giao cho cng ty Mi trng v th cc qun huyn v c chnh sch tr lng cho nhn vin, ng thi cng a ra quy nh hnh pht i vi nhng nhn vin cng trnh v sinh bn. Cn a ra nhng quy nh hng dn v nhc nh du khch h c thc trong vic gi gn v sinh chung. i vi cc khch sn khi xp hng cc sao cn kim tra k cng trnh v sinh theo tiu chun cha, nu cha cn b sung thm ri mi xp hng. 2.3.4. T chc cuc thi thit k cng trnh v sinh cho du lch Pht ng cuc thi tng kin trc m hnh cng trnh v sinh tm ra nhng thit k m bo tnh thm m, tin nghi nhiu v tr khc nhau. Ngoi ra, thi thit k cc logo dn bn ngoi ca ca cc cng trnh v sinh phn bit nam n, trang tr v tuyn truyn thm cho cng trnh v sinh. 2.3.5. Cng tc tuyn truyn nng cao thc y mnh tuyn truyn thc gi gn v sinh mi trng v cnh quan th n ngi dn bng cc bng rn, p phch, Pht ng chin dch lm sch mi trng du lch vi trng tm l chin dch xy dng cng trnh v sinh t tiu chun, lm sch cng trnh v sinh cng cng v im du lch. 2.4. Kin ngh, xut y ban nhn dn thnh ph Nng nn dnh mt khon ngn sch c nh xy dng v sa cha cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng, trc khi a vo s dng cn kim tra cht lng t chun. C bin php x pht i vi nhng ngi phng x u ba bi v cn quy nh r lc lng no c quyn x pht. Khi lm bn du lch nn c thm ch thch cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng trn a bn thnh ph tin cho du khch. Mt khc, nn c cc khu hiu treo ti cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng nhm tuyn truyn thc t gic gi gn v sinh ca khch du lch v ngi dn: Hy chung tay xy p cng trnh v sinh v mi trng; Hy thc hin vn ha WC.

263

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

3. Kt lun Cng trnh v sinh trong du lch Nng ang cn tn ti nhiu vn bt cp, cn c s quan tm ca chnh quyn a phng ln thc ca ngi s dng nhm gp phn lm cho hnh nh du lch Nng p hn trong mt bn b trong nc v quc t. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Lut du lch (2006), NXB Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni. [2] S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch (2009), Bo co cng tc kim tra cc nh v sinh cng cng ti cc im du lch trn a bn thnh ph Nng, Nng. [3] S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch (9/2009), T trnh kim tra nh v sinh ca cc n v kinh doanh du lch, Nng. [4] S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch (2009), T trnh v vic ci to, nng cp v b sung nh v sinh cng cng ti cc im du lch trn a bn thnh ph Nng, Nng. [5] Tng cc Du lch (04/2001), Quy nh v tiu chun xp hng khch sn (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 02 /2001/Q-TCDL). [6] Ti liu in d, thc t, phng vn. [7] Trn c Thanh (1999), Nhp mn khoa hc du lch, NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni.

264