CHNG 5

NGHCH LU

5.1 KHI NIM

L thit b bin i nng lng in mt chiu thnh nng lng in xoay chiu. Nghch lu c 2 lai: mt pha v ba pha. Nu ngun nng lng mt chiu cung cp cho nghch lu l ngun dng , ta c nghch lu dng . Nu ngun in mt chiu cung cp cho nghch lu l ngun p th ta c nghch lu p.

5.2 PHNG PHPLM THYRISTOR NGNG DN

Thyristor c tnh duy tr trng thi dn in khi n c kch dn. Da vo c tnh k thut ca thyristor ngi ta c th lm ngng thyristor ang dn trong ngun DC bng 3 phng php sau:

PHNG PHP LM THYRISTOR NGNG DN

Ct ngun in cung cp cho thyristor . Th nhng nu thi gian tt thyristor khng ln c th li lm cho thyristor tr v trng thi dn .
+U K RL SCR

PHNG PHP LM THYRISTOR NGNG DN +U +U

Gim dng IA qua thyristor xung di tr R s ca dng in duy tr IH . SCR Th nhng nu in p ri trn thyristor cn ln vn c th li lm cho thyristor tr v trng thi dn .
R K

RL SCR

PHNG PHP LM THYRISTOR NGNG DN

To in p phn cc ngc Anod v Catod ct t dng in qua thyristor (gi l kha cng bc) . Phng php ny c dng ch yu trong cc mch nghch lu
+U

RL IA SCR

R C K

PHNG PHP LM THYRISTOR NGNG DN

T C l t dng i trng thi chuyn mch ca thyristor c tr s c tnh theo cng thc :

Trong : IA : dng in thun qua thyristor ,[A]. toff : thi gian ti thiu lm thyristor ngng dn , [s]. U : in p ngun cung cp ,[V].

1,45I A t off C ; [uF] U

5.3 Nguyn tc hat ng ca cc mch nghch lu

5.3.1 Mch dng hai Thyristor mc song song
u A i

T1

n2 A u

Ti

T2
B

5.3.2 Mch dng hai Thyristor mc ni tip

M u
i
O

u T1 0 2

Ti

T2 N

5.3.3 Mch dng bn Thyristor mc cu

M T1 u E i Ti T2

T1 N

T2

Kiu iu khin i xng.

u T1&T2 T1&T2

E T/2 0 -E T t

Kiu iu khin lch pha.

u T2 T1 E T T/2 -E t T2 T1 T2

5.4 Mch nghch lu dng (dng hai thyristor mc song song )

Ti w2 L i1 w1 C w 1 iC

i 1

UDC

T1
Xung iu khin

T2

5.5 Mch nghch lu p 1 pha

L1 D1 D5 UDC C1 A D8 D4 L2 SCR4 Ti C3 D7 D3 SCR1 C2 SCR2 D2 D6 . B

SCR3

5.6 Nghch lu SINUS mt pha

u1

u2

u3

u1 =0 0

u2

0 =/6

u3

0 =/3