6.

4 Multiple comparisons (comparing all treatments with a control)

LEARNING OUTCOMES
To

compare each treatment with the

control condition.

KEYWORDS
The

question will have a sentence like as a control or compare the treatments with a control. In the table will have controls as one of the treatments.

we will use this formula: Inequalities ( different size)

| Ri R j |

(1[

2 ( k 1)

])

N ( N 1) 1 1 ( ) (6.10 ) 12 ni n j

Inequalities (same size)

| Ri R j | z(1[

2 ( k 1)

])

k(N 1) (6.11) 6

TIES

appropriate inequality for unequal sample sizes :

[ N ( N - 1) - ( t t )][
3

1
i

Ri R j | z

n n

1
j

] (6.12)

12( N 1)

the appropriate inequality for equal sample sizes :

| Ri R j | z

k[ N ( N - 1) - ( t t )]
3

6 N ( N 1)

(6.13)

A fertilizer manufacturer conducted an experiment to compare the effects of four types of fertilizer on the yield of a certain grain. Homogeneous equal-size experimental plots of soil were made available for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to receive one of these fertilizers and plot receiving no fertilizer served as a controls. At harvest time nine plots were randomly selected from those previously assigned to each of the fertilizers and the control plots. The yields (in coded form) for each plot are shown in Table 6.19

1 58

2 68

3 B 96

4 C 101

5 D 124

None (0) A

29
37 40 44

67
69 58 62

90
90 92 99

110
90 103 100

114
111 113 114

37
49 49 38

48
62 76 66

86
79 96 75

91
100 114 94

102
114 112 103

TABLE 6.19

We wish to know which fertilizers are superior to no fertilizer. A significance level of 0.2 will be used. The ranks, rank sums, and mean ranks of the yields for each treatment are shown in Table 6.20

1 None (0) 10.5 1 2.5 5

2 A 16 15 17 10.5 12.5 7 12.5 19 14

3 B 28.5 23 23 26 30 21 20 28.5 18

4 C 33 37 23 35.5 31.5 25 31.5 42.5 27

5 D 45 42.5 38 40 42.5 34 42.5 39 35.5

Rank

6 2.5 8.5 8.5 4

Total (R)
Mean ()

48.5
5.39

123.5
13.72

218.0
24.22

286.0
31.78

359.0
39.89

TABLE 6.20

Since the data contain several ties, and since the samples are all the same size, we will use Expression 6.13 . The adjustment for ties is obtained as follows:

Rank position where tie occured

2 8

t
2 2 8 8

10
12 22 28

2
2 3 2

8
8 27 8

31
35 41 Total

2
2 4 21

8
8 64 147

We now compute t-t=147-21=126 Since there are five treatments (four fertilizers and no fertilizer) under study, we have four comparisons to make. To find the appropriate z value for = 0.20, we compute:

0.20 0.025 2(k 1) 2(5 1)

From Table A.2 we obtain a z of 1.96. we now use expression 6.13 to compute

5[45 (45 1) 126 )] 1.96 12 .127 6(45 )( 45 1)

2

Table 6.21 shows the absolute values of the differences between 0 , The mean rank of the yield of the plots to which no fertilizer was applied, and the js The mean ranks of the plots receiving fertilizers j = A, B, C, D

Fertilizer

Better than no fertilizer? |5.39-13.72|= 8.33 |5.39 24.22|= 18.83 |5.39 31.78|= 26.39 |5.39 39.89|= 34.50 NO YES

A(2) B(3)

C(4)

YES

D(5)

YES

TABLE 6.21

Conclusion:
Since

8.33 is less than 12.127, we cannot conclude that fertilizer A is better than no fertilizer. Since 18.83 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer B will result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used. Since 26.39 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer C will result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used. and since 34.50 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer D will all result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used.

TABLE A.2

LINK VIDEO

http://youtu.be/NTe_wAI2uY0