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from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

B GIO DC V O TO

K THI CHN HC SINH GII QUC GIA

LP 12 THPT NM 2010
HNG DN CHM THI CHNH THC
Mn: VT L
Ngy thi: 11/03/2010
(Hng dn chm gm 06 trang)

Cu 1. ( 3,0 im)
- H thanh v vt nng c khi tm G vi v tr c xc nh cch A khong AG:
L
M + 2m
C AG.(M + m) = M.AC + m.AB (M + m).AG = M. + m.L AG =
L
2
2(M + m)
m 1
3L
Thay
(*) .................................................................................... 0,25 im
= tnh c AG =
M 4
5
2L
L
- Momen qun tnh ca h vi trc quay qua G: vi BG =
;CG =
5
10
2
2
2
2
2
ML
mL mL 4mL 8mL
8mL2
Vy I G =
(**).................0,25 im
IG =
+ M.CG 2 + m.BG 2 =
+
+
=
12
3
25
25
15
15
a. Khi thanh cn bng, xt vi trc quay qua im B v vung gc vi mt phng hnh v. T
2L
(M + m)g.
5 = 2mg (1)............. 0,50 im
phng trnh momen, c: P.BG T0 Lcos 0 = 0 T0 =
Lcos 0
cos 0
b. Ti thi im t = 0 khi dy O2B va b ct, v thanh cha di
O2
O1
chuyn, im A c vn tc bng 0. im A ch c gia tc
G
a A theo phng vung gc vi dy O1A.
0

G
G
G
G
Xt im G, c gia tc: a G = a A + a G / A (v AG=const
T
JJJG
G dAG
nn
= 0)
dt
G

G
aA B
G
a
C
A
A
- Trong h quy chiu t, vi trc quay qua khi tm G, trong
G
a G / A0
qu trnh chuyn ng quay ca thanh sau khi ct dy, c
G
P
phng trnh momen, ti thi im ban u:
G
G
M T = I G G T.AG.cos 0 = I G G v G = A =
T.AG.cos 0
(2) ........................................................................................................ 0,50 im
G =
IG
G G
G
G
G
- Phng trnh LII Newton: P + T = (M + m)a G = (M + m)(a G / A + a A )
JJJG
G
G
Chiu ln phng dy O1A, vi a G / A = A AG hng nh hnh v, ta c:
(M + m)g.cos 0 T = (M + m)a G / A .cos 0 = (M + m)..AG.cos 0 (3)
(M + m)g.cos 0
Thay (2) vo (3) tnh c: T =
(4)
(M + m)AG 2 cos 2 0
1+
IG
Thay (*)v (**) vo (4) tnh c
(M + m)g.cos 0
5mg.cos 0
40mgcos 0
=
=
T=
(4') ......................................1,00 im
2
2
3L
(M + m)( ) 2 cos 2 0 1 + 27cos 0 8 + 27cos 0
5
8
1+
8mL2
15

from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

40mgcos 0 3L
cos 0
T.AG.cos 0 8 + 27cos 2 0 5
45gcos 2 0
- Tnh : Thay (4') vo (2) =
=
=
8mL2
IG
(8 + 27cos 2 0 )L
15
2
45gcos 0
=
.............................................................................................................. 0,50 im
(8 + 27cos 2 0 )L

Cu 2. ( 2,5 im)
thi im bn knh qu cu nc l R th nhit ca nc ti im cch tm qu cu mt
khong r (r > R) l T.
Gi q l nhit lng m qu cu nc truyn i trong mt n v thi gian.
T
r
dr
dr
dQ
dT
dT

dT
=
q
...................... 0,25 im
q=
= k
S = k
4r 2 dT = q
2

4kr
4kr 2
dt
dr
dr
T0
R

Khi r = R0 th T = T0; r = th T = T1 do q = k4R(T0 T1 ) ..................................... 0,50 im

Nhit lng m qu cu nc truyn i khi qu cu c bn knh thay i dR l
4
dQ = dm = d( R 3 ) = 4R 2 dR ............................................................................. 0,25 im
3
Mt khc dQ = qdt = k4R(T0 T1 )dt
RdR
do k4R(T0 T1 )dt = 4R 2 dR hay dt =
............................................... 0,50 im
k(T0 T1 )
a. Thi gian qu cu tan ht l tm
tm
0
RdR
t m = dt =
k(T0 T1 )
0
R0

R 02
334.103.0,92.103.(1,5.102 ) 2
=
2881(s) 48(min) ........................ 0,50 im
2k(T0 T1 )
2.0, 6.20
b. Thi gian bn knh qu cu gim i mt na
R0 / 2
t
R 02 R 02
RdR

3
dt
=

t
=

= 2881. 2160(s) = 36(min) ..........0,50 im

0
R k(T0 T1 )
k(T0 T1 ) 2
8
4
0
tm =

Cu 3. ( 3,0 im)
G
a. (1,5 im) Trong trng hp vng dy nm hon ton trong t trng B v vng dy c dng in
I 0 (vi 0 / 2 ) th VTCB bn duy nht l v tr ng vi = / 2 , khi m vct cm ng t
G
ca t trng do dng in ca vng dy gy ra ti tm ca n hng dc theo B ............. 0,50 im

sin
VTCB bn ng vi = / 2 , trong vng dy cn c dng
in I chy qua. Do t thng xuyn qua vng dy siu dn c
M
N
bo ton:
1
2
R B
.
LI 0 = LI + B.R 2 I = I 0
L
G
P
Do I > 0 v dng in sinh ra t trng cng chiu vi B
2
LI
R B
B
I0 >
B < 02
LI0 / R 2
O
L
R
R 2 B
Nh vy, khi I 0 >
th = / 2 v sin = 1 ng vi on th MN ........................0,25 im
L
R 2 B
Khi I 0 <
, khng c VTCB bn vi I 0 VTCB bn s ng vi I = 0.
L
from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

Theo iu kin bo ton t thng i vi vng dy siu dn, ta c: LI 0 = R 2 Bsin , hay

LI0
sin =
c on th NP trn hnh v. ..................................................................0,50 im
2
R B
th biu din s ph thuc ca sin vo B nh trn hnh v.................................... 0,25 im

b. (1,5 im)
Theo bi

R 2 B
R 2 B 3,14.(0, 08) 2 .0,5
nh
vy,
nn VTCB bn ng vi
>
=
=
1,
00A
I
0
L
10 2
L

= /2
Cng dng in trong vng dy khi VTCB bn l:
R 2 B
I = I0
. . .................................................... 0,25 im
L
Xt mt v tr bt k ca vng dy khi ko vng mt on x 0
theo hng ra khi vng t trng (xem hnh v). Vng chu
tc dng ca lc t:
Fx = I x Bl x

(1) .................................... 0,25 im

G
Fx' G
B=0

'
x

(F = Fx )

sx
lx
G
Fx

vi Ix l cng dng in trong vng v tr ny.

G
B

Ix

T iu kin bo ton t thng, ta c:

LI0 = LI x + B( R 2 Sx ) vi Sx l din tch ca phn gch
cho trn hnh.

Do : I x = I0

(R 2 Sx )B
L

(R 2 Sx )B
(2) nn Fx = I0
Blx ................................ 0,25 im
L

Cng nguyn t ca lc t cn thit ko vng dch chuyn on dx l

(R 2 Sx )B
dA tu = Fx dx = I0
Blx dx
L

(R 2 Sx )B
V l x dx = dSx nn dA tu = I0
BdSx .............................................................. 0,25 im
L

Cng ca lc t cn phi thc hin ko mt phn 1/3 vng dy ra khi vng c t trng
R 2
3

R 2
3

(R Sx )B
BS 2R B
R 2 B
5R 2 B
A tu = I0
)
=
(I 0
) ......... 0,25 im
BdSx = BS(I 0 +
L
2L
3
6L

0
0
Thay s c Atu = 38,94.10-4 (J) ............................................................................................... 0,25 im
2

Cu 4. ( 3,0 im)
T cc cng thc lng knh:
A
sin i = n sin r, sin i = n sin r , A = r + r ;D = i + i A
D
i = 450 ; A = 600
I
i
r r' J i'
a. Vi mt phng ti cho tia vng:
sin 450
A
sin r =
= 0, 428 r = 25,330 .............. 0,25 im
1, 653
r ' = 600 25, 330 = 34, 67 0 ............................................................................................0,25 im
sin i' = nv sin r' = 1,653.sin 34,670 = 0,940 ......................................................................0,25 im
i ' = 70,120 D v = i + i ' A = 450 + 70,120 600 = 55,120 D v = 55,120 ...............0,25 im
from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

b. T phng trnh sin i = nsin r, o hm 2 v theo n (vi i = 600 l hng s)

dr
s inr
; dr =
0 = sin r + n cos r
dn ............................................................................0,25 im
dn
ncosr
o hm 2 v phng trnh sin i = nsin r theo n, y c i v r u thay i theo n nn
di '
dr '
.........................................................................................0,25 im
cos i '
= sin r '+ n cos r '
dn
dn
sin r
T A = r + r ta c sin A = sin r 'cos r + cos r 'sin r v dr= - dr ; dr ' = dr =
dn nn:
n cos r
sin A
sin r cos r sin r
sin r cos r + cos r sin r
di =
dn =
dn =
dn .......0,50 im
+

cos i.cos r
cos i cos(A - r)
cos i cos i cos r

sin A
i ' =
.n (1)........................................................................................0,25 im
cos i '.cos(A - r)
V n bin i quanh gi tr nv lng dn nn gc i' bin i lng di' quanh gi tr i'. Tnh t gi
tr
i' = i'v cosi' = cos34,670 = 0,340 (2)
thay cos r = cos 25,330 0,904 (3)........................................................................................0,25 im
Thay s (2), (3) vo (1) :
0,866
di ' =
dn = 2,82dn n = 0,355.i ' ...........................................................0,25 im
0,340.0,904
2.
p dng bng s: n = 0,355.
= 0, 012 ...........................................................................0,25 im
180
Cu 5. ( 2,5 im)
Fdt = dp = (m + dm)(v + dv) mv  mdv + dm.v F = m

dv dm
+
v = ma + k.4r 2 v 2 ........ 0,50 im
dt dt

vi k l h s t l.
V F = mg nn
mg k.4r 2 v 2
k.4r 2 v 2
3kv 2
(1) ............................................................. 0,50 im
a=
=g
=g
4 3

m
r
r
3
dm d 4 3
dr
dm
dx
Mt khc :
v theo gi thit
= ( r ) = 4r 2
= k4r 2
dt dt 3
dt
dt
dt
dr k dx
k

r = x (2) ( tha mn iu kin khi x = 0 th r = 0) ......................... 0,25 im

=

dt dt
3v 2
Thay vo (1) a = g
(3) . ........................................................................................ 0,25 im
x
3v 2
Sau thi gian t0 di, gia tc a khng i. iu xy ra khi
= const v 2 = 2ax . iu ny
x
chng t chuyn ng ca git nc l nhanh dn u t thi im t t 0 , tng ng
v = at, x = at2/2. ..................................................................................................................... 0,25 im
3v 2
3(at) 2
g
gt 2 . k
kg 2
; r= x=
Thay vo (3) : a = g
=g 2
= g 6a . Vy a = ; x =
t ....... 0,25 im

x
at / 2
7
14
7
3

4
4 kg 2
gt
Tnh c vn tc: v = ; Khi lng git nc m = r 3 =
t ...................... 0,50 im
3
3 7
7

from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

Cu 6. ( 3,0 im)

a. (1,0 im) Vn tc nh sng o c bi mt QSV ng yn i vi nc l u 'x ' =

c
.
n

Vn tc nh sng o c bi mt QSV khc ng yn i vi PTN l:

c
+v
u 'x ' + v
.................................................................................................0,25 im
= n
ux =
v '
v
1+ 2 ux' 1+
c
nc
1

v
v

V v << c nn: 1 + 1 . Do :
nc
nc
c
+v
u 'x ' + vc
v c
1
c
c

n
=
+ v 1 + 1 2 v = + kv ........................... 0,50 im
ux =
v
v n
n
nc n n
1 + 2 u 'x ' 1 +
c
nc
2

4
k = 1 0, 438 .................................................................................................... 0,25 im
3
b. (2,0 im) Ngun pht nh sng bc sng , th my thu s o c vn tc truyn sng trong
c
c
cht lng ng yn l
= .
n( ) n
- NQS ng trong HQC PTN s thy dng cht lng chuyn ng tng i vi mnh vi tc
v, v do hiu ng Doppler s o c bc sng = + , ....................................... 0,50 im

v
vn
f
vi
(suy t cng thc f =
).......................................................... 0,25 im
=
=
c/n c
1 + vn / n
dn
dn vn( )
2bvn
Khai trin Taylor: n() = n( + ) n +
= n( ) + .
=n
d
d
c
c 2
c
c
c 2bv

+ 2 ........................................................................................ 0,50 im
n() n 2bvn n n
c 2
c
c 2bv
Coi nc nh HQC K', u x = u =
= + 2 , cn HQC ca PTN l K, Theo cng thc
n() n n
v2
cng vn tc tng i tnh (b qua cc s hng t l vi
):
c
c 2bv
+ 2 +v
u '+ v
v c
1
2b
c 2bv

n
n
ux = u =
=
+ 2 + v 1 + 1 2 + 2 v ......... 0,50 im
v
v c 2bv
n
nc n n
1 + 2 u ' 1 + 2 + 2 n n
c
c n n
1
2b
k = 1 2 + 2 ..................................................................................................................... 0,25 im
n
n
Cu 7. ( 3,0 im)
a. (1,75 im) Thit lp cng thc tnh lu lng kh chy qua ng
Xt hnh tr bn knh r (r<R) ng trc vi ng hnh tr c dng kh chy qua
Do lc ni ma st gia cc lp kh bn trong ca hnh tr b trit tiu nn lc cn tng cng ln hnh
tr bn knh r l lc ma st cn ng vi lp v hnh tr ng vi din tch A = 2rL ...........0,25 im
Lc cn tng cng tc ng ln dng kh chy trong ng hnh tr c bn knh y r l
from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET

dv
................................................................................................................0,25 im
dr
Lc ko cht kh trong ng hnh tr bn knh r l do bi s chnh lch p sut gia hai u ng l
fko = (p1 - p2)r2................................................................................................................ 0,25 im
Khi dng chy n nh, lc ko v lc cn cn bng: fms + fko = 0
dv
G
.2rL + (p1 p 2 )r 2 = 0 ....................... 0,25 im
v(r)
R r
p2
p1
dr
v
r
dv
(p p )
dv
(p p 2 )
= 1 2 rdr

= 1
rdr
dr R
2 L
dr
2 L
L
0
f ms = .2rL

(p1 p 2 ) 2 2
(R r ) .................................0,25 im
4 L
Mt khc lu lng ca cht kh chy qua ng l:
R
(p p )
Q = dQ = vdS = 1 2 (R 2 r 2 ).2rdr
4L
(S)
(S)
0

v=

dS
r

(p1 p 2 )
p
R 4 ....................................................................................0,50 im
R 4 =
8L
8L
b. (1,25 im) Phng n th nghim
B tr th nghim nh hnh v ................................................................................................0,50 im

Q=

N2

Kh ra

ng mao qun

Thit b o lu lng

Van

p k nc ch U

Trnh t th nghim:
- iu chnh van chnh lu lng kh chy qua h ( dng kh chy n nh cn iu chnh lu
lng kh chy qua ng l nh)
- c gi tr lu lng v chnh lch p sut p hai u ng qua p k
- Thay i lng kh chy qua h cc gi tr lu lng Q khc nhau, c gi tr p tng ng
p
- Ghi s liu vo bng v tnh gi tr theo cng thc =
R 4
8QL

p
Ln o
Q

- Tnh nht trung bnh ca cht kh chy qua ng = i ............................................0,50 im

i =1

- c gi tr nhit phng T trn nhit k

1/ 2

2 mk BT
- Tnh gi tr ng knh phn t kh qua cng thc d =

3 3

........................... 0,25 im

Ghi ch: Nu cc th sinh lm khc vi Hng dn chm nhng vn ng,

gim kho cng cho im theo biu im.
Ht
from: DAYHOCVATLI.NET