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Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e1

Lecture Series

Muscle Tissue

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e2

INTRODUCTION

•Motion results from alternating contraction (shortening) andrelaxation of muscles; the skeletal system provides leverageand a supportive framework for this movement.•The scientific study of muscles is known as

myology

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e3

Muscle Tissue

•Alternating contractionand relaxation of cells•Chemical energychanged intomechanical energy

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Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e4

DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE

•With few exceptions, muscles develop from

mesoderm.

•Skeletal muscles of the head and extremities develop from

general mesoderm

; the remainder of the skeletal musclesdevelop from

mesoderm of somites

Somite—one of a paired, block-like masses of mesodermarranged segmentally alongside the neural tube of theembryo, forming the vertebral column and segmentalmusculature.

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e5

Developmental Anatomy of the Muscular System

•Develops from mesoderm•Somite formation –blocks of mesoderm give riseto vertebrae and skeletalmuscles of the back•Muscles of head & limbs developfrom general mesoderm

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e6

Fusion of Myoblasts into Muscle Fibers

•Mature muscle cells developed from 100 myoblasts that fuse together inthe fetus. (multinucleated)•Mature muscle cells are not known to divide.•Muscle growth is a result of cellular enlargement (hypertrophy) & not celldivision (hyperplasia)•Satellite cells retain the ability to regenerate new cells.

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Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e7

OVERVIEW OF MUSCLE TISSUE

•Types of Muscle Tissue•Skeletal muscle tissue is primarily attached to bones. It isstriated and voluntary.•Cardiac muscle tissue forms the wall of the heart. It isstriated and involuntary.•Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue is located in viscera. It isnonstraited (smooth) and involuntary.

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e8

3 Types of Muscle Tissue•Skeletal muscle –attaches to bone, skin or fascia –striated with light & dark bands visible with scope –voluntary control of contraction & relaxation –Voluntary movement—example--walking

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e9

3 Types of Muscle Tissue•Cardiac muscle –striated in appearance –involuntary control –autorhythmic because of built in pacemaker –Heart—pumps the blood throughout the body