Giao Trinh Lap Trinh C Can Ban Ha Noi Aptech

Giáo trình

L

ậ

p trình C c

ă

n b

ả

n

Trang 1

HanoiAptech Computer Education Center Thanghv

M

Ụ

C L

Ụ

C

BÀI 1 :

NGÔN NG

Ữ

L

Ậ

P TRÌNH & PH

ƯƠ

NG PHÁP L

Ậ

P TRÌNH ...................... 7

1.1

M

ụ

c tiêu ................................................................................................................................ 7

1.2

Lý thuy

ế

t ............................................................................................................................... 7

1.2.1

Ngôn ng

ữ

l

ậ

p trình (Programming Language) ............................................................. 7

1.2.1.1

Thu

ậ

t gi

ả

i (Algorithm) ............................................................................................. 7

1.2.1.2

Ch

ươ

ng trình (Program) ......................................................................................... 7

1.2.1.3

Ngôn ng

ữ

l

ậ

p trình (Programming language) ....................................................... 8

1.2.2

Các b

ướ

c l

ậ

p trình ........................................................................................................... 8

1.2.3

K

ỹ

thu

ậ

t l

ậ

p trình ............................................................................................................ 8

1.2.3.1

I-P-O Cycle (Input-Pprocess-Output Cycle) (Quy trình nh

ậ

p-x

ấ

S

d

ụ

ng l

ư

u

đồ

(Flowchart) ..................................................................................... 9

BÀI 2 :

LÀM QUEN L

Ậ

P TRÌNH C QUA CÁC VÍ D

Ụ

ĐƠ

N GI

Ả

N ...................... 12

2.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 12

2.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 12

2.2.1

Kh

ở

i

độ

ng và thoát BorlandC ....................................................................................... 12

2.2.1.1

Kh

ở

i

độ

ng ................................................................................................................ 12

2.2.1.2

Thoát ........................................................................................................................ 13

ụ

ả

n ......................................................................................................... 13

2.2.2.1

Ví d

ụ

1 ...................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.2.2

Ví d

ụ

2 ...................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.2.3

Ví d

ụ

3 ...................................................................................................................... 16

2.2.2.4

Ví d

ụ

4 ...................................................................................................................... 16

BÀI 3 :

CÁC THÀNH PH

Ầ

N TRONG NGÔN NG

Ữ

C ......................................... 18

3.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 18

3.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 18

3.2.1

T

ừ

khóa ........................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.2

Tên ................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.3

Ki

ể

u d

ữ

li

ệ

u .................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.4

Ghi chú ............................................................................................................................ 19

3.2.5

Khai báo bi

ế

n ................................................................................................................. 19

3.2.5.1

Tên bi

ế

n ................................................................................................................... 19

3.2.5.2

Khai báo bi

ế

n .......................................................................................................... 19

V

i gán.................................................................................... 20

3.2.5.4

Ph

ạ

m vi c

ủ

a bi

ế

n ..................................................................................................... 20

BÀI 4 :

NH

Ậ

P / XU

Ấ

T D

Ữ

LI

Ệ

U .......................................................................... 21

U

4.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 21

4.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 21

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Giáo trình

L

ậ

p trình C c

ă

n b

ả

n

Trang 2

4.2.1

Hàm printf ...................................................................................................................... 21

4.2.2

Hàm scanf ....................................................................................................................... 24

4.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 25

BÀI 5 :

C

Ấ

U TRÚC R

Ẽ

NHÁNH CÓ

Đ

I

Ề

U KI

Ệ

N ................................................ 26

5.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 26

5.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 26

5.2.1

L

ệ

nh và kh

ố

i l

ệ

nh ........................................................................................................... 26

5.2.1.1

L

ệ

nh ......................................................................................................................... 26

5.2.1.2

Kh

ố

i l

ệ

nh ................................................................................................................. 26

5.2.2

L

ệ

nh if ............................................................................................................................. 26

5.2.2.1

D

ạ

ng 1 (if thi

ế

u) ...................................................................................................... 26

5.2.2.2

D

ạ

ng 2 (if

đ

ủ

) ......................................................................................................... 30

5.2.2.3

C

ấ

u trúc else if ........................................................................................................ 33

5.2.2.4

C

ấ

u trúc if l

ồ

ng ....................................................................................................... 37

5.2.3

L

ệ

nh switch ..................................................................................................................... 41

5.2.3.1

C

ấ

u trúc switch…case (switch thi

ế

u).................................................................... 41

5.2.3.2

C

ấ

u trúc switch…case…default (switch

đủ

) ........................................................ 44

5.2.3.3

C

ấ

u trúc switch l

ồ

ng ............................................................................................... 46

5.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 48

5.3.1

S

ử

d

ụ

ng l

ệ

nh if ............................................................................................................... 48

5.3.2

S

ử

d

ụ

ng l

ệ

nh switch ....................................................................................................... 49

5.4

Bài t

ậ

p làm thêm ................................................................................................................ 49

BÀI 6 :

C

Ấ

U TRÚC VÒNG L

Ặ

P .......................................................................... 51

6.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 51

6.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 51

6.2.1

L

ệ

nh for........................................................................................................................... 51

6.2.2

L

ệ

nh break ...................................................................................................................... 56

6.2.3

L

ệ

nh continue ................................................................................................................. 56

6.2.4

L

ệ

nh while....................................................................................................................... 56

6.2.5

L

ệ

nh do…while .............................................................................................................. 58

6.2.6

Vòng l

ặ

p l

ồ

ng nhau ........................................................................................................ 60

ủ

ặ

p ....................................................................... 61

6.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 62

BÀI 7 :

HÀM ......................................................................................................... 65

7.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 65

7.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 65

7.2.1

Các ví d

ụ

v

ề

hàm ............................................................................................................ 65

7.2.2

Tham s

ố

d

ạ

ng tham bi

ế

n và tham tr

ị

........................................................................... 68

HanoiAptech Computer Education Center Thanghv

Smith Nguyen Studio.

Giáo trình

L

ậ

p trình C c

ă

n b

ả

n

Trang 3

7.2.3

S

ử

d

ụ

ng bi

ế

n toàn c

ụ

c ................................................................................................... 69

7.2.4

Dùng d

ẫ

n h

ướ

ng #define ............................................................................................... 71

7.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 71

BÀI 8 :

M

Ả

NG VÀ CHU

Ỗ

I ................................................................................... 72

8.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 72

8.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 72

8.2.1

M

ả

ng................................................................................................................................ 72

8.2.1.1

Cách khai báo m

ả

ng ............................................................................................... 72

8.2.1.2

Tham chi

ế

u

đế

n t

ừ

ng ph

ầ

n t

ử

m

ả

ng .................................................................... 72

8.2.1.3

Nh

ậ

p d

ữ

li

ệ

u cho m

ả

ng .......................................................................................... 73

8.2.1.4

Đọ

c d

ữ

li

ệ

u t

ừ

m

ả

ng ............................................................................................... 73

8.2.1.5

S

ử

d

ụ

ng bi

ế

n ki

ể

u khác .......................................................................................... 74

8.2.1.6

K

ỹ

thu

ậ

t Sentinal .................................................................................................... 74

8.2.1.7

Kh

ở

i t

ạ

o m

ả

ng......................................................................................................... 75

8.2.1.8

Kh

ở

i t

ạ

o m

ả

ng không bao hàm kích th

ướ

c .......................................................... 76

8.2.1.9

M

ả

ng nhi

ề

u chi

ề

u ................................................................................................... 76

8.2.1.10

Tham chi

ế

u

đế

n t

ừ

ng ph

ầ

n t

ử

m

ả

ng 2 chi

ề

u ....................................................... 76

8.2.1.11

Nh

ậ

p d

ữ

li

ệ

u cho m

ả

ng 2 chi

ề

u ............................................................................. 77

8.2.1.12

Đọ

c d

ữ

li

ệ

u t

ừ

m

ả

ng 2 chi

ề

u .................................................................................. 77

8.2.1.13

S

ử

d

ụ

ế

ể

ả

ề

u ........................................................ 78

8.2.1.14

Kh

ở

i t

ạ

o m

ả

ng 2 chi

ề

u ........................................................................................... 78

ả

ề

ố

cho hàm ........................................................... 79

ả

ề

ố

cho hàm ........................................................... 82

8.2.2

Chu

ỗ

i ............................................................................................................................... 84

8.2.2.1

Cách khai báo chu

ỗ

i ............................................................................................... 84

ậ

ấ

ỗ

i ....................................................................... 85

8.2.2.3

Kh

ở

i t

ạ

o chu

ỗ

i ......................................................................................................... 86

8.2.2.4

M

ả

ng chu

ỗ

i .............................................................................................................. 86

8.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 87

BÀI 9 :

CON TR

Ỏ

................................................................................................ 90

9.1

M

ụ

c tiêu .............................................................................................................................. 90

9.2

N

ộ

i dung .............................................................................................................................. 90

9.2.1

Con tr

ỏ

? .......................................................................................................................... 90

9.2.2

Khái báo bi

ế

n con tr

ỏ

.................................................................................................... 90

9.2.3

Truy

ề

n

đị

a ch

ỉ

sang hàm ............................................................................................... 91

9.2.4

Con tr

ỏ

và m

ả

ng ............................................................................................................. 92

9.2.5

Con tr

ỏ

tr

ỏ

đế

n m

ả

ng trong hàm ................................................................................. 92

9.2.6

Con tr

ỏ

và chu

ỗ

i ............................................................................................................. 93

9.2.7

Kh

ở

i t

ạ

o m

ả

ng con tr

ỏ

tr

ỏ

đế

n chu

ỗ

i ........................................................................... 94

9.2.8

X

ử

lý con tr

ỏ

tr

ỏ

đế

n chu

ỗ

i ........................................................................................... 95

9.2.9

Con tr

ỏ

tr

ỏ

đế

n con tr

ỏ

.................................................................................................. 97

9.3

Bài t

ậ

p ................................................................................................................................. 98

HanoiAptech Computer Education Center Thanghv

Smith Nguyen Studio.

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