It is the most effective and most extensively tested of current anticaries agent. It is an extremely reactive member of halogen group.

FLUORSPAR[CaF2]

FLUOROAPITITE[Ca10(PO4)6F2]

CRYOLITE[Na3AlF6]

INCREASES ENAMEL RESISTANCE OR REDUCTION OF ENAMEL SOLUBILITY IN ACIDS. INCREASES RATE OF POST ERUPTIVE MATURATION. REMINERALIZATION OF INCIPENT LESIONS. INTERFERENCE WITH PLAQUE MICRO-ORGANISMS. MODIFICATION IN TOOTH MORPHOLOGY.

Systemic Fluorides
1. WATER FLUORIDATION Community School 2. MILK FLUORIDATION 3. SALT FLUORIDATION 4. FLUORIDE DROPS 5. FLUORIDE TABLETS 6. FLUORIDE LOZENGES

TOPICAL FLUORIDES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SODIUM FLUORIDE STANNOUS FLUORIDE ACIDULATED PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE FLUORIDE VARNISH FLUORIDE DENTIFRICE FLUORIDE MOUTH RINSE

Definition
Topical fluoride therapy refers to the use of systems containing relatively large concentrations of fluorides that are applied locally or topically to erupted tooth surfaces to prevent the dental caries.

CLASSIFICATION

OPERATOR ADMINISTERED

SELF ADMINISTERED

FLUORIDE SOLUTIONS Sodium Fluoride 2% Stannous Fluoride 8%

FLUORIDE GELS Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride 1.23%

FLUORIDE VARNISHES Duraphat Fluorprotector

SELF ADMINISTERED
FLUORIDE DENTIFRICES

SODIUM FLUORIDE

FLUORIDE MOUTH RINSES

DENTIFRICES CONTAINING MONOFLUOROPHPSMONOFLUOROPHPSPHATE

It is the process of removing excess fluoride naturally present in water supply inorder to prevent dental fluorosis or more severe disability. METHODS OF DEFLUORIDATION
1.Blending with the water supply deficient in fluoride. 2.Additive method. 3.Adsorption method. 4.Nalgonda technique.

1. The ideal method to defluoridate an area is to blend the water from the well with the excess amount of fluoride with another water supply deficient in fluoride

2.ADDTITVE METHOD
In this method chemicals are added to precipitate the fluoride and then the fluoride is passed through mixing basins and filtering beds. CHEMICALS USED:
a. LIME( CALCIUM OXIDE) b. MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS (DOLOMITE)

ADSORPTION METHOD
THE WATER RICH IN FLUORIDE IS RUN OVER CONTACT BEDS, WHERE THE FLUORIDE IS REMOVED BY ION EXCHANGE. CHEMICALS USED: 1. SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPITITE 2.ION EXCHANGE RESIN 3.ACTIVATED ALUMINA 4. POLYSTYRENE 5. DEFLURON-1 6. MAGNESIA

NALGONDA TECHNIQUE
The chemicals lime, bleaching powder and filter alum is added in sequence to fluoride water. The water is then passed through the flocculation, sedimentation and filtration chambers.

CHEMICALS USED: 1. LIME OR SODIUM ALUMINATE hastens settlement of precipitate 2.BLEACHING POWDER- disinfection.

CERTAINLY LETHAL DOSE (CLD)

A Lethal dose is the amount of drug likely to cause death ADULT DOSE = 34-64mgF/kg body wt.

SAFELY TOLERATED DOSE (STD)

STD = CLD

CONCENTRATION

MEDIUM AIR WATER

EFFECT INJURY TO VEGETATION DENTAL CARIES REDUCTION MOTTLED ENAMEL 10% OSTEOSCLEROSI S CRIPPLING FLUOROSIS THYROID CHANGES GROWTH RETARDATION KIDNEY CHANGES DEATH

2 ppm 1ppm

2ppm OR more WATER 8ppm WATER

20-80mg/day or more 50ppm 100ppm

WATER/ AIR FOOD/WATER FOOD/WATER

<125ppm

FOOD/WATER

2.5-5.0g

ACUTE DOSE