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Castling is a special move that requires some special conditions. Neither the
king nor the rook may have moved from their original positions, and there must be
no pieces between the king and rook. Also, the king must not be in check. Castling
allows the king to move two spaces, instead of just one, to the side and the rook
closest to the new position to move next to the king on the opposite side. This is
usually done with one hand moving the king first, followed by the rook. By
moving the king first, this move is not confused with a legal move by the rook.
Many chess tactics attempt to engage the opponent’s king early and thereby
prevent the king from castling to safety. If successful, these tactics force an
opponent to use more material to protect the king, open the king to more lines-of-
attack, or disrupt their opponent’s plans. In particular, if the king can be chased
towards the center of the board, there can be ample chances to force a checkmate
or skewer major pieces.