-1-

) ( " 1954

'
...........................................................................
.1
...................................................................................
.2
..........................................................................
.3
.3 ..................................................................
( , "1954 ,
( ,"1952 ,
.2 .......................................
."
.
.
.
.
.........................................................................
.4
. ....................................
(1
(2 .
(3
. ...........................................
. .....................
. ..........
. ........................................
. - )no-refoulement ) ...............
.5 .........................................................................
. ...............................
. .....
. .....
. - )no-refoulement) ........
.5

2
3
4
4
8

14
14

17
18
19
19
23
26
27
28
30
32

33 ..................................................................................

-1-

2011 ,

) ( " 1954
" , ,


.
, ,
.
" .

.1

" '
(1
."
,

,
.
(2 , " "
12 , 2010

, ,

.
(3" ,
,

.
:

-2-

(

.
, ,
(
,
.

(
, ,
.
(4 " "
" " "
.
(5
,

) ( ,
' -.

.2

(1

,
.
(2

.
(3
.

-3-

(4
,
,
.

.3

(1

) (,
(
"1954-
) (1 , ,
) (,
" 1954- ,
. .1954
) (2
""
.
) (3
,
" "
.
) (4 10
,
.
) (5
.
) (6 , 11-
29 .

-4-

) (7 ," ,
.
) (8 "
.

.
) (9
"1952 ,
) (
) (10
,
.
(

," 1952 -
) (1 ," 1952-

.
.

) (2
:
,
)(
.1
.
' ,11
.
-:

)(
- .

) (3
:
" ,
,
,

-5-

-;
,
".

) (4
10
:

)(
.10
, .

)(

.
) (5
:
, ,
)(
12.

, , ,
, ,
- )61()
(3 ,") 1977- (.

)(
,
, ,
- )61()(3
.


.
] [,
12) .1(
") 1982 - - ( ,
) ( ] [ ,"-
) 1969 - ( ,
(1)12 :
128 ,
)(1
130


32 , ;
74 76
12.
," ,1959- 6

12)( )-(.

-6-

15 ,
12.
12 ,,

12)( )-( ,
.

) (6
:

)(
.13
," ,1950- ,
) ( ,
.
.
) (7

.
) (8
,
,
.
) (9

:
,
)(
, , ,
,
, 44 46 ]
[ ," ,1971- .
9 11
)(
," ,1968-
.

) (10 :

)(
.14
, :

-7-

)(1
;

)(7
-
;
)() (4 ) (6 (8)-
)(
.
.
)(
.15

)(
.16
, ,
;
.
( 2
.

"
(1" 58 2007
, 2006 "
" ,:
" " -
) - (],[46
"
";

,
;
".
2007 "

",

, 24
. "

"
"
".
21.1.2010
(

:
"-
,

-8-

.
, , .-
,

".
http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3837901,00.html

.
(1

2006 :
) " (1 , , ,
,

.


.
: ,
,
,

"

(2 :
"
)(1
,
2000 ,"
,
, " ,

- ,
) ( " . 2006
" ," , ) -
"(.

)(2
"
, "
.


,
, ,
) - ( .

,"


.
.
.

-9-

;
,
.

)(3

"
, :

)(2
:
:
) -"(

,
-
. ,"

,
, , ,

. "
".

)(3
: 2007


,
.

.
" -
)(4
) - (] ,[46"
";

, ;

" . 2007 "

" ,
,
24 . "

" "

.
" 2007
)(5
" "/" ]
[
" "".
,
" , "
. "
, ,

- 10 -

,
."
" ,
" .
2008 " 2007
-
300.
,
)(6


,


".2007
(3
:
" : -
,
]) [49 -
-( , "
"
,

. , ,
" .
4.6.07-
" "
"

. "
" .
-

"
,
,
...
;
,
,
"]."[50

- 11 -

" " ,
(


.
"
(
:
"


' 1951

,1967

" .
,

". Non- Refoulement


.

(1" " "

" ,2.1.2011 ,
, "
,
" "
"
".
(2

(3
.

- 12 -

(4 "

.
(5 ,
72

" " .
(6

.13 (1). .
(7 10 ,

.
.

. " " , '
" 14 , ,2010 " "

.

.4

- 13 -

(1" ,071494/06 '

' ," ":

".13

.
) (:
,
,
,;
,

.


,
" 1764/99
' ,- .519 ( 1)99
, ,
, , ,
."
""
:
" .
""

."...
.
,
;
.
, 18


,
. ,

, ,

:
"... ,
,
,
) "..." 724/83
' ' ' ,
," ).(701 (3
,
"
" , " -
.
""
,

- 14 -

"
."...
(2

) (1 .

:
,
) .30(
,

.

.
) (2 :
"" - ,
, "
" ) 29 (1947

) (1 ,,
, ,- ,
;
) (2

;
) (3

,


;

(3

) (1 "
. ,
5190/94
' ' .


.
.

- 15 -

" .
.

.
)13( )
)3( ( . ,
"" .
:
,
.
)13( . ,
.
,
" "

".
) (2


'
.
:
"

,

. ,

. , ""

; "-"
"" ,
".
.

(1
- - 28/11/2010
" " :
)(1

- 16 -

"
"

".
)(2

" ,

, ,
.

.
,
,
' ' .
. ,
, .

.
,
, ,
. , ,
,
" .
)(3

, ,:

" .

, ,
.


".
) (2 ,
.
, :
," 58' ,
, ,

,

, " :
.".
.

- 17 -

) (1" 65/6 - '
,
:
"- " ,
, ,

".
) (2 '
, 1955" ,25/55
,[7] ,148/55 ,145/55' ,1829
:
" - ) (TREATY
.
,
-
.


.
- ,
, ,
.
- , ,

-
.
,
, - ,
, -
".

(1 "
:
Section 245(i) of the Immigration & Nationality Act

- 18 -

(2
, "
.
,
.
"
" ,

".
.

1954

"

.1951

(

.


, )
(:
Article 9
provisional measures
Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a
Contracting State, in time of war or other
grave and exceptional circumstances, from
taking provisionally measures which it
considers to be essential to the national
security in the case of a particular person,
pending a determination by the Contracting
State that that person is in fact a refugee and
that the continuance of such measures is
.

- 19 -

necessary in his case in the interests of

national security.
:

" ,

, "



"

(


, "
" .
, 1954
(
1967

.1951

,

.
:
Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
Considering that the Convention
relating to the Status of Refugees done
at
Geneva
on
28
July1951
( hereinafter referred to as the
Convention) covers only those persons
who have become refugees as a result
of events occurring before I January
1951 .
:

- 20 -

' 1951

1951

:
Article 1. General provision
The States Parties to the present
Protocol undertake to apply articles
2 to 34 inclusive of the Convention to
refugees as hereinafter defined.
For the purpose of the present
Protocol, the term "refugee" shall,
except as regards the application of
paragraph 3 of this article, mean any
person within the definition of article
I of the Convention as if the words
"As a result of events occurring
before 1 January 1951 and ..." and
the words "...as a result of such
events", in article 1 A (2) were
omitted.
The present Protocol shall be
applied by the States Parties hereto
without any geographic limitation,
save that existing declarations made
by States already Parties to the
Convention in accordance with
article I B (I) (a) of the Convention,
shall, unless extended under article I
B (2) thereof, apply also under the
present Protocol.
Article
7.
Reservations
and
declarations
1.At the time of accession, any State
may make reservations in respect of
article IV of the present Protocol and
in respect of the application in
accordance with article I of the
present Protocol of any provisions of
the Convention other than those
contained in articles 1, 3, 4, 16(1)
and 33 thereof, provided that in the
case of a State Party to the
Convention reservations made under

- 21 -

this article shall not extend to

refugees in respect of whom the
Convention applies.
:
,1 :

2-34
," :
.2
1951 .
.3 "
,


.
,7
.1


.

- Non-Refoulement Principle ,

(1 , ,
, ,
,
"
" .


,

.
(2

article 32 : expulsion

- 22 -

1. The Contracting States shall not expel a refugee

lawfully in their territory save on grounds of national
security or public order.
2. The expulsion of such a refugee shall be only in
pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with
due process of law. Except where compelling reasons
of national security otherwise require.
:
:
.1

.
.2
.

.

non-) -

(3

( refoulement
, , UNHCR
.
-
:"
UNHCR, Geneva, 26 January 2007
Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial
Application of non-Refoulement Obligations under
the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of
Refugees and its 1967 Protocol
8. The principle of non-refoulement as provided
for in Article 33(1) of the 1951 convention does not,
as such, entail a right of the individual to be
granted asylum in a particular State.
12 It does mean, however, that where States are
not prepared to grant asylum to persons who are
seeking international protection on their territory,
they must adopt a course that does not result in
their removal, directly or indirectly, to a place
where their lives or freedom would be in danger on
account of their race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular social group or political
opinion.

- 23 -

13. As a general rule, in order to give effect to their

obligations under the 1951 Convention and/or 1967
protocol, States will be required to grant
individuals seeking international protection access
to the territory and to fair and efficient asylum
procedures.
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/45f17a1a4.pdf

:

," 1951
.8 " -
" 1951
1967
.
, ,

, ,
,,
,
.
.13 , "
1951 1967

.

(4

,
.
UNHCR
)(1


. "
.
Nicholas Morris, Protection Dilemmas and UNHCR's Response: A Personal
View from within UNHCR, Int J Refugee Law (1997) 9(3): 492-499
Oxford Journals Subscribers and Registrants Sign In

- 24 -

"
"

, , "
,
.
'

(2)

:MIT
"Governments regard consideration of national
interest as paramount in foreign policy
decision-making,
but
international
humanitarian institutions claim to make their
decisions on the basis of ethical and moral
considerations. The reality is, of course, more
complex. Humanitarian institutions, whether
the
International
non-governmental
organizations, or the United nations, High
Commissioner of Refugees, are also driven by
considerations of self-interest. UNHCR, for
example, must take into account the concerns
its donors and of the governments whose
permissions it needs to carry on its field
operations, while NGOs are engaged in
competitive fundraising and are therefore
predisposed to remain in the field in order to
sustain the charitable contributions they need
for their organization to survive."

Oxford University Press 1998, Journal of Refugee Studies Vol. 11, No. 4 1998 .
The Clash of Norms, Dilemmas in Refugee Policies, Myron Weiner,
Massachusetts Institute for Technology

:
"
,


. , ,
,
, ,
.

- 25 -

,
. )
(UNHCR ,

.


".
.5

,
.

) (1

,


.

) (2" ,
)"(
."

, ,

.

- 26 -

) (3 "
" ,

" , ,



,
.

) (4


.

) (5
,

.

) (6 "
,

.

(1

- 27 -

" " .

,
.

(2

.


.
"
.

(3

"
.
,
, ,
" , .

, ,
.

(4

- 28 -

.
"
,
" , " ,
,
.

(5
" " ,
,
.
,
.

.

.

,
.

(6
,
,

.

- 29 -

,
.
,
.
,

.

1954
)(1


.

)(2

.

)(3
,


.
.

)(4
"
" .
.

- 30 -

)(5



.

)(6
. 1967

, ,
.
)(7

, .
"

.

- ) no-
( refoulement

(
,
.
( ,

"
:
.
(2

.

- 31 -

(3
.

(4

.


.

.6

,
:

.

, "
. "
" " "


.
.

- 32 -

,
.

.
:
(1 1954

. "
, ,

.
(2

1967
.
"
, ,
,
.
(3


, .1967
(4
,
. "

.
" 99%
.

- 33 -

(5
.

.


.
(6

." ,


, " ,
, .
(7 ,
,
,
, ,
.
(8



. "

,
.
__________________________
______________
________