Active and Passive Voice

By Swara Bhaskara on May 27, 2009 17:12 36 Comments Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan seharihari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :

Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.

4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past

future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are. Contoh: Active Active : He meets them everyday. : She waters this plant every two days. Passive : They are met by him everyday. Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atau were Contoh: Active : He met them yesterday

Passive : They were met by him yesterday Active : She watered this plant this morning Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have been Contoh: Active Active : He has met them : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. Passive : They have been met by him Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh:

Active Active

: He had met them before I came. : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh:

Active Active Active

: He will meet them tomorrow. : She will water this plant this afternoon. : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow. Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon. Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been Contoh:

Active

: He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been. Contoh:

Active

: He would have met them.

Passive : They would have been met by him.

Active

: She would have watered this plant.

Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He is meeting them now. : She is watering this plant now.

Passive : They are being met by him now. Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He was meeting them. : She was watering this plant.

Passive : They were being met by him. Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He has been meeting them. : She has been watering this plant.

Passive : They have been being met by him. Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He had been meeting them. : She had been watering this plant.

Passive : They had been being met by him. Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will be + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He will be meeting them. : She will be watering this plant.

Passive : They will be being met by him. Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Contoh:

Active Active

: He would be meeting them. : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : They would be being met by him. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He will have been meeting them. : She will have been watering this plant.

Passive : They will have been being met by him. Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voicenya adalah would have been + being. Contoh:

Active Active

: He would be meeting them. : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : They would be being met by him. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:

1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung

Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).

2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team

sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).

3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini

disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).

4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang

tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).

5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua

murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA). Thats all. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman anda dalam kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, silakan kerjakan Practice test 5.