CHAPTER 3: LENGTH OF ARC AND AREA OF SECTOR

Arc length and the area of a sector are proportional to the angle subtended at the centre of the circle. Arc length of AB =

2 r 360

360 r 2

A Area of sector AOB =

B Skill assessed Calculate the arc length when the radius r and angle are given. Calculate the perimeter of an enclosed shape, involving sectors and triangles. Calculate the area of a shaded region, involving sectors, triangles and segments Usual format of questions A diagram and other information are given. By using =
22 , calculate (a) the perimeter of the whole diagram 7 (b) the area of the shaded region.

Strategies for problem solving 1. Identify the perimeter of the whole diagram by tracing the outline of the perimeter using colour. 2. Identify the values of the corresponding radius and angle for the arc length which you want to find. 3. Calculate the arc length by using the correct formulae. 4. Repeat the process if there is another arc length with different radius and angle. 5. Find the perimeter by adding the arc lengths and the length of straight lines. 6. Identify the region for which you want to find its area. 7. Identify the values of the corresponding radius and angle for the sector. 8. Calculate the area of the shaded region by using the correct formulae. Common Errors Students used the wrong formula. Students used wrong values for radius or angle. Students used other values of like 3.14. Students using the Additional Mathematics method round off the value of angle in radian to 2 or 3 significant figures only. Students calculated the perimeter of the shaded region when the question asked the perimeter of the whole diagram. Students did not read the question carefully to extract the right information.

Length of Arc & Area of sector

3.1. CIRCUMFERENCE

r Circumference = 2 r, where r is a radius O

Example: Use =

22 7 Radius = 7 cm Circumference = 2 ( 7 ) 22 7 = 2 7 = 44 cm

Ex Example: Diameter = 7 cm 1 Radius =3 cm 2 1 Circumference = 2 (3 ) 2 22 7 =2x x 7 2 = 22 cm Diameter = 14 cm Radius = Circumference =

Exercise A 1.
O

Exercise B

1.
14

Radius = 14 cm Circumference =

2.

Radius = 16 cm Circumference =
O

2. Diameter = 140 mm Radius = Circumference =

Length of Arc & Area of sector

3. Radius = 10 cm Circumference =
O 10 O

3.

Diameter = 35 cm Radius = Circumference =

3.2. ARC OF A CIRCLE

In the diagram, arc AB subtended an angle at the centre O with radius r. B O 2 r Length of arc = 360 o
A

Example: Use =

22 7

Example: Use = 3.142 Radius = 7 cm Minor arc of AB 90 = 90o 2 ( 7 ) 360 90 = 2 x 22 x 7 360 7 Radius = 3 cm Minor arc of AB = 60 = 2 (3) 360 60 = 2 3.142 360 3

O 3 60 A B

O 7 90 A B

= 11 cm Exercise A 1.
O 14 45 A B

= 3.142 cm Exercise B 1. Radius = 14 cm = 45o

O

Radius = 5 cm = 80o

Minor arc of AB =
A

5 80 B

Minor arc of AB =

Length of Arc & Area of sector

2.

Radius = 21 cm = 135o Minor arc of AB =

O 21 135 A B

2. Radius = 20 cm = 120o Minor arc of AB =

O 120 A B

3. Diameter = 7 cm Radius = Major arc of AB =

B

3.

Diameter = 18 cm = 60o Radius = Major arc of AB =

60o
A A

3.3. PERIMETER OF SHADED REGION

A r O B

AB subtended an angle at the centre O with radius r. Perimeter of shaded region = Arc AB + OB + OA = Arc AB + 2r

Example:
A 7

Example: Minor arc of AB 90 = 2 x 22 x 7 360 7 B = 11 cm

A 12 O 80

Minor arc of AB 80 B = 360 2 = 16.76

3.142 12

Perimeter of shaded region = 7 + 7 + 11 = 25 cm

Perimeter of shaded region = 16.76 + 12 + 12 = 40.76 cm

Length of Arc & Area of sector

Exercise A 1.
21 O

A 120

Exercise B 1. Minor arc of AB =

B Perimeter of shaded region = 9 O

A 100

Minor arc of AB =
B

Perimeter of shaded region = 2.

7 C 120 A

Major arc of AB =

2.
10 C 30

Major arc of AB =

Perimeter of shaded region =

Perimeter of shaded region =

3.4. AREA OF A CIRCLE

Area of a circle = r2
O r

Example: Use =

22 7 Radius = 7 cm Area = ( 7 )2 22 = 7 7 7 = 154 cm2

Example: Diameter = 7 cm 1 Radius =3 cm 2 1 Area = (3 )2 2

7 O

22 7 7 7 2 2 1 = 38 cm2 2
=

Length of Arc & Area of sector

Exercise A 1.
14 O

Exercise B Radius = 14 cm Area = 1.

21 O

Diameter = 21 cm Radius = Area =

2.
3 O 1 2

Radius = 3 1 cm 2 Area =

2.

Diameter = 140 mm Radius = Area=

O

3. 3. Radius = 10 cm Area =
O 10 O

Diameter = 35 cm Radius = Area =

3.5. AREA OF SECTOR

A r O B

Area of minor sector AOB =

360 o

r 2

Length of Arc & Area of sector

Example: Using =
A 7 B

22 7

Example: Using = 3.142

A 12 80

Radius = 7 cm Area of minor sector AOB 90 = x 72 360 90 = 22 x 7 x 7 360 7 = 38.5 cm 2

12

Radius = 12 cm Area of minor sector 80 = 3.142 x 12 x 360 = 100.544cm2

Exercise 1. Radius = Area of minor sector AOB

A 7 C 120

Exercise B 1.
9 O

A 100 B

Radius = Area of minor sector AOB =

2. 2.
A 21 O B 120
C

Radius = Area of major sector AOB =

A 10 30 B

Radius = Area of major sector AOB =

Length of Arc & Area of sector

3.6 AREA OF SHADED REGION Example :

Area of shaded region =

14

- 2

A 7

7 O

B 7

= = 308

Exercise : 1.

Area of shaded region =

2. 2 2

Area of shaded region =

2 2

3.

Area of shaded region =

10 40o O

= 8

Length of Arc & Area of sector

Questions based on the examination format (Paper 2)

1. In the diagram below, O is the centre of the arc of the circle MNPQ and RSM is a quadrant M with centre P. MOP is a straight line.
S O Q R P 240o N

14 cm

Using =

22 , calculate 7

a) the perimeter of the whole diagram, b) the area of the shaded region. Answer : a) Perimeter of the whole diagram = =
90 22 2 14 360 7 + 180 22 2 7 360 7

[ 6 marks]

+ 14

58 cm = 90 22 142 360 7
1 cm2 3

b) Area of the shaded region

60 22 2 7 360 7

= 128

Exercise 1. In Diagram 1, JKL is arc of circle with centre M. NML is a straight line and JN = NM = 7 cm.
K J

N
Length of Arc & Area of sector

Diagram 1

Using =

22 , calculate 7

a. the area of the shaded region, in cm2, b. perimeter of the whole diagram, in cm.
[6 marks]

2. In Diagram 2, O is the centre of the arc of the circle PQR and a quadrant STU. OSR is a straight line.
P 14 cm O 7 cm T U Diagram 2 45o S R Q

Using =

22 , calculate 7

a. perimeter of the whole shaded region, b. area of the whole shaded region.
[6 marks]

3. In Diagram 3, OAB, OCD and OEF are three sectors with same centre O.
B
7 cm

E C 40 O D 40 21 cm F
22 , calculate 7 Diagram 3

Given AOF, OCB and ODE are straight lines. Using = a. the area of sector OCD, b. the perimeter of the whole diagram.

[6 marks ]

Length of Arc & Area of sector

10

4. Diagram 4 shows three quadrants OPQ, TQR and URS. POUS is a straight line and TOUR is a square. Q

R
Diagram 4

P Using

14 cm

S
=
22 , calculate 7

a) the perimeter of the whole diagram, b) the area of the whole diagram. [6 marks ] 5. In Diagram 5, QR and TU are two arc of circles with the same centre O. QPOU and RSTO are straight lines.

Diagram 5 R S T 22 , calculate 7 Q R Q a) O ,

Using =

b) area of the shaded sector OTU, c) perimeter of the whole diagram.

7 cm

[6 marks]

Length of Arc & Area of sector

11

6. Diagram 6 shows one circle and two semicircles with diameter PQ, QR and PR respectively. PQR is straight line.

Diagram 6 R

Given that PQ =

1 22 PR and PR = 21 cm. Using = , calculate 3 7

a) the perimeter in cm, of the shaded region, b) the area, in cm2, of the whole diagram

[6 marks]

7. In diagram 7, O is the centre of the circle with diameter POR = 16 cm. N is midpoint of radius OR and PMN is a semicircle.

T P 60o O N

Diagram 7 R

Using = (a) (b)

22 , calculate 7

the perimeter ,in cm, of the shaded region. the area ,in cm2 ,of the shaded region.

[6 marks]

Length of Arc & Area of sector

12

8. In diagram 8, TSR is a quadrant with centre O, P are the centre of the arc of the circle OVU and a semicircle OQR..
Q

It is given that OT = 20 cm. Using = a) b)

22 , calculate 7

S R P 110o R U V O Diagram 8 T

the perimeter of the whole diagram. the area of the shaded region. [ 6 marks]

9. Diagram 9 shows a sector LMN with centre O and a semicircle OKN.

It is given that OL = 21 cm. 22 Using = , calculate 7 N K

a) b)

the perimeter of the whole diagram. the area of the shaded region. [ 6 marks]

60o

10. In diagram 10, O is a centre of circle with diameter KON = 14 cm. KO and ON are diameter of two semicircles. Given that MON = 30o. Using = a) b) c)
22 , calculate 7

Diagram 9 L

M N

the arc of KLM the area of minor sector MON the area of the shaded region. [6 marks]

Diagram 10

Length of Arc & Area of sector

13

Past Year SPM Questions (Paper 2)

1. November 2003 Diagram 1 shows two sectors OMN and OPQ with the same centre O and a quadrant QTO with centre Q.

O 60o Diagram 1 T

OM = 14 cm and QT = 7 cm. Using = d) the perimeter of the whole diagram. e) the area of the shaded region. 2. July 2004
M

22 , calculate 7

[ 6 marks]

In diagram 2, LK is an arc of a circle with centre P and PQRS is an arc of a circle with centre O. PORL is a straight line.

S 60 P
o

Diagram 2

PK = 21 cm and OP = 7 cm. Using =

22 , calculate 7

a) the area , in cm2 of the shaded region b) the perimeter in cm, of the whole diagram.
Length of Arc & Area of sector

[7 marks ]

14

3. November 2004 In diagram 3, PQ and RS are arcs of two different circles with O.

Diagram 3

RQ = ST = 7 cm and PO = 14 cm. Using = (a) (b) 4. July 2005 Diagram 4 shows two sectors, PQR and TUV, with the same centre O. The angle of each sector is 270o. OSR is a semicircle with centre V. PTO is a straight line and OP = 14 cm.
R S 22 , calculate 7

the area, in cm2, of the shaded region, the perimeter , in cm, of the whole diagram.

[6 marks]

V L

O U Q Diagram 4

Using =

22 7

, calculate

a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram, b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

[6 marks]

Length of Arc & Area of sector

15

5. November 2005 Diagram 5 shows two sectors ORST and OUV with the same centre O. RWO is a semicircle with diameter RO and RO = 2OV. ROV and OUT are straight lines.
S W W T U Diagram 5 O V

OV = 7 cm and UOV = 60o. Using =

22 , calculate 7

(a) the perimeter , in cm, of the whole diagram, (b) the area, in cm2 , of the shaded region.

[6 marks]

6. July 2006 In diagram 6, QRS and UT are arcs of two circles, centre P and S respectively.
R Q T 120o P U 45o S
22 , calculate 7

Diagram 6

It is given that PUS is a straight line, PQ = 21 cm and US = 14 cm. Using = a) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region b) the perimeter in cm, of the shaded region.

[6 marks]

7. November 2006
Length of Arc & Area of sector

16

In Diagram 3, OMRN is a quadrant of a circle with centre O and PQ is an arc of another circle with centre O. OMP and ORQ are straight lines.

OM = MP = 7 cm and POQ = 60 . Using =

22 , calculate 7

60o O M P

Diagram 3

(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram (b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. 8. June 2007

[6 marks]

In Diagram 5, ORS is a sector of a circle and PQTU is a semicircle , with centre O respectively. OTS and OQR are straight lines. The length of arcs PQ, QT and TU are equal .

60o P O Diagram 5 U

OS = 2OU and OU = 7 cm . [ Using =

22 , ] , calculate 7
[6 marks]

(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram (b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

Length of Arc & Area of sector

17

9. November 2007 Q6 Diagram 3 shows quadrant OST and semicircle PQR, both with centre O.

T Q P S Diagram 3
OS = 21 cm and OP = 14 cm. [Use =

60o O R

22 , ] , calculate 7 (a) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

(b)the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram [6 marks]

10.

Jun 2008, Q6

Diagram 6 shows semicircle ABC, centre O, and a sector of a circle AEF, centre A.. AOFG is a straight line. AO = 14 cm and OF = 7 cm.

A 30
o

O B

F B

22 , ] calculate Using = 7

E (a) the perimeter, in cm, of the coloured region, (b) the area, in cm2, of the coloured region.
[6 marks]
Length of Arc & Area of sector

18

11.

Nov 2008, Q7

In diagram 7, PQ and RS are arc of two different circles which have the same centre O. OPR is a straight line.

21 cm Q Diagram 7 O

R
Q It is given that PO =36 o

P
and

14 cm
R S O

= 60 o .

Using =

22 , calculate 7 (a) the perimeter, in cm, of the sector ORS, (b) the area, in cm2, of the coloured region.
[6 marks]

Length of Arc & Area of sector

19

ANSWERS Chapter 3 Arc Length and Area of Sector Exercise 3.1 Exercise A 1 88 Exercise B 1 44 Exercise 3.2 Exercise A 1 11 cm Exercise B 1 6.982 cm Exercise 3.3 Exercise A 1 86 Exercise B 1 33.71 Exercise 3.4 Exercise A 1 616

100

4 cm 7

62

6 cm 7

2 2 2 2

440 49.5 cm 41.89 cm

1 cm 3

3 3 3

110 5.5.cm 9.426 cm

43

2 2

77.60 1 cm2 2 3 2 7

38

314 cm2

Exercise B 1 346.5 cm2 Exercise 3.5 Exercise A 1 462 cm2 Exercise B 1 70.695 cm2 Exercise 3.6 1 6 84 cm2 7

2 2

15400 mm2 2 cm2 3

962.5 cm2

102

2 2

288.02 cm2 25 1 cm2 7 3 200 50 cm2 63

Questions According to Examination Format 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 115.5 cm2 50 cm 171.11 cm2 72 cm 450 66 cm 16 72 cm 21 6 82 cm 7 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b 8b 47.23 cm 115.5 cm2 109.78 cm 280 cm2 57.75 cm2 269.5 cm2 1 111 cm2 21 16 218 cm2 63

5c

55.5 cm

Length of Arc & Area of sector

20

9a 10a

152 cm 1 18 cm 3

9b 10 b

981.75 cm2 5 12 cm2 6

10c

102 cm2

2 3

SPM Past Years Questions SPM2003 a SPM2004J a SPM2004 a SPM2005J a SPM2005 a SPM 2006J a SPM 2006 SPM 2007J a a 385 cm2 b b b 97 cm 64 2 cm 3 b 154 cm2 102 cm b 423.5 cm2 248.5 cm2 b 89.67 cm 192.5 cm2 b 72 cm 53.67 cm b 115.5 cm2

46
57

1 cm 3
1 cm 3
2

89

5 cm2 6
1 3

128

SPM 2007 SPM 2008J SPM 2008

a a A

243.83 cm 83 64

b b b

cm2 104.33

192
169

1 2
2 5

Length of Arc & Area of sector

21