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GCYVKMH CA R@I EKZRERYRI CA FVI\EKL
Zikzcvu mkb J`inejmh Mkmhuzez ca ‐Z`mjohirck―z― Nmjoekhmu Zjcrj` \`ezou
Gmniz Tvubi
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Gc`k Jckkiv
6
Avmkjiz Gmjo
6
Nmvo Hmkjmzriv
=
Hewwei Niio
:
JvmelC|ik
6
Vej`mvb Tmrivzck
=
Lcvbck Zriihi
6
Aeckm Zrvmkl
=
mkb Gmj}ye \ccbz
=
MFZRVMJR
G+ Ekzr+ Fvi|+ ==<(6% =91‚=19 64==
R`vii jmziz ca Nmjoekhmu―z Vmvi @el`hmkb Nmhr |`ezou |iviipjmqmrib avcn r`i eji ykbiv Zev Ivkizr Z`mjohirck―z =54< ipti.bereck fmzi jmnt `yr mr Jmti Vcubz ek Mkrmvjrejm ek Gmkymvu64=4+ R`i nmgcveru ca r`i fcrrhiz |ivi ek m tvezreki zrmri ca tviz.ivqmreck mkb r`vii |ivi viryvkib rc Zjcrhmkb ek Gmkymvu 64== acvr`i aevzr zikzcvu mkb cvlmkchitrej mkmhuzez ca m Zjcrj` nmhr|`ezou bezrehhib ek r`i hmri =054z+ Zikzcvu mkmhuzez mkb r`i`el`iv mhjc`ch mkb nmryvmreck jcklikiv tvcaehiz bizjvefi mhel`rhu timrib nmhr |`ezou nmryvib ek Mnivejmk |`eri cmoz`ivvu cv |eki jmzoz+ Mkmhuzez ca tvcjizz vihmrib jcntcykbzrclir`iv |er` jcnfekib lmz j`vcnmrclvmt`u (LJ% nmzz ztij.rvcnirvu mkb LJ.chamjrcnirvu mkmhuzez ca aivnikrmreck vihmribjcklikivz z`c| m bezrekjrhu ‐ncbivk― zruhi ca nmhr |`ezou+\`ehi Zjcrj` nmhr |`ezou mr r`i ikb ca r`i =5r` jikryvu |mzlikivmhhu vilmvbib mz `imqehu timrib mkb `mvz` ek j`mvmjrivJ`mvhiz Nmjoekhmu ! Jc+ Bezrehhivz |ivi tvcbyjekl m nmhr|`ezou |er` mk mhrclir`iv ncvi zyfrhi j`mvmjriv mr r`iev LhikN`cv bezrehhivu kimv Ekqivkizz+ R`i zikzcvu mkb j`inejmh mkmhu.zez ca r`ez yke}yi |`ezou mvriamjr zelkeaejmkrhu j`mkliz cyv yk.bivzrmkbekl ca r`i }ymheru mkb j`mvmjriv ca Zjcrj` nmhr |`ezoutvcbyjib fu cyv bezrehhekl acviamr`ivz+
Oiu |cvbz7
Mkrmvjrejm LJ LJ.NZ Lhik N`cv @THJchamjrcnirvu }ymhermreqi bizjvetreqi mkmhuzez |`ezou+
EKRVCBYJRECK
Ek Nmvj` =545 Zev Ivkizr Z`mjohirck―z Fverez` Mkrmvj.rej Iptibereck bitmvrib avcn Jmti Vcubz ek Mkrmvjrejmhimqekl i}yetnikr mkb zyttheiz mr r`iev fmzi jmnt `yr r`mrekjhybib jmziz ca Nmjoekhmu―z ‘Vmvi Chb @el`hmkb Nmhr\`ezou„
61
+ Ek 6441 r`i Mkrmvjrej @ivermli Rvyzr bez.jcqivib r`vii ca r`izi jmziz ikrcnfib ek eji fikimr` r`iahccv ca r`i `yr
=<
+ Ek 64=4 r`i fcrrhiz ca |`ezou |ivivijcqivib avcn Mkrmvjrejm mkb r`m|ib tvcqebekl yz |er`r`i yke}yi cttcvrykeru rc mtthu ncbivk zikzcvu mkbj`inejmh mkmhurejmh nir`cbz rc izrmfhez` r`i ahmqcyv mkbjcntczereck ca m tvcbyjr nmkyamjryvib cqiv cki `ykbvibuimvz mlc+ Ykheoi cr`iv `ezrcvejmh |`ezou zmnthiz r`iyke}yi hc| rintivmryvi zrcvmli ca ‐Z`mjohirck―z― Nmjoekhmunmhr |`ezou |mz zyfzi}yikrhu z`c|k rc `mqi nekenezibr`i hczz ca qchmrehi jckzreryikrz oiu rc r`i ahmqcyv tvcaehi+@ezrcvejmh vijcvbz z`c| r`mr Nmjoekhmu―z tvcbyjibr`iev nmhr |`ezou mr r`i Lhik N`cv bezrehhivu Ekqivkizz
=4
bizjvefekl er mz ‘hel`r mkb zehikr ikcyl` acv jckzyntreckmz m zeklhi |`ezou„
=:
+ R`i bezrehhivu `mb ctikib ek =056mkb zc r`i nmryvib Nmjoekhmu |`ezou |mz ki| rc r`inmvoir |`ik Zev Ivkizr Z`mjohirck cvbivib 69 jmziz ca eracv r`i iptibereck ca =54<
61
+ Bcjynikrmvu iqebikjiz`c|z r`mr r`i Lhik N`cv bezrehhivu `mb m ncbivk ekavm.zrvyjryvi
=4
rmoekl erz |mriv avcn Hcj` Kizz mkb yzeklnmekhu hcjmhhu lvc|k fmvhiu r`mr |mz nmhrib ck zeri mkbr`ik bveib |er` Cvjmbemk timr
=4
z`ettib rc Ekqivkizz avcnr`i Ezhi ca Ibmu
6:
+
NMRIVEMHZ MKB NIR@CBZ
Mvriamjr bizjvetreck
R`vii fcrrhiz ca Nmjoekhmu―z |`ezou M@R <46:+:M@R <46:+=6 mkb M@R <46:+== |ivi vijcqivib avcn r`iMkrmvjrej eji r`m|ib mkb r`ik oitr mr 4‚2´J byvekl rvmkz.tcvr avcn Ki| Wimhmkb rc \`uri ! Nmjomu―z Ekqivlcv.bck bezrehhivu hmfcvmrcvu+ R`i fcrrhiz |ivi |vmttib ekrezzyi tmtiv mkb zrvm| r`ik =6 fcrrhiz |ivi tmjomlib ek|ccbik jmziz r`mr `mb vinmekib ykbezryvfib ek r`i eji ca Mkrmvjrejm acv cqiv =44 uimvz+ Aelyvi = z`c|z lviik lhmzzjckejmh fcrrhiz zrehh |vmttib ek rezzyi tmtiv |er` vcykbibz`cyhbivz mkb kijoz r`mr `mqi m benthi ek r`iev fmzi7 r`ivi|ivi kc bezreklyez`ekl nmoiv―z nmvoz ck r`i lhmzz+ R`ijhczyvi |mz jcvo |er` m aceh jmtzyhi tmekrib jvimn |er` mvib fmkb mr erz fmzi mkb zrmntib ck rct |er`‐NMJOEKHMUZ7 HIER@7 HE]YIYV― ek fhmjo+ R|c tm.tiv hmfihz7 cki ck r`i kijo vimbz Vmvi Chb? @el`hmkb Nmhr\`ezou? Fhikbib mkb Fcrrhib? FVEREZ@ MKRMVJREJIPTIB7 =54<? Z@ET ‘IKBYVMKJI„+ R`i cr`iv hmfihck r`i fcbu vimbz7 VMVI CHB @EL@HMKB NMHR\@EZOU7 FHIKBIB MKB FCRRHIB FU7 J@MZNMJOEKHMU ! Jc? Fhikbivz mkb Bezrehhivz7 HIER@ !EKQIVKIZZ+ M jevjhi zrmnt ek vib vimbz ‐NH― |er` Iz.rmfb =064 ykbivkimr`+ M t`crclvmt` ca mk intruNmjoekhmu |`ezou fcrrhi |er`cyr erz rezzyi tmtiv jcqiv.ekl z`c|ekl r`i ayhh hmfih |mz tyfhez`ib achhc|ekl mkimvheiv bezjcqivu mr Z`mjohirck―z `yr ek =59<
61
+
=
\`uri ! Nmjomu Hrb Ekqivlcvbck Bezrehhivu Hmfcvmrcvu JcrrmliFvmi Ekqivlcvbck Vczz.z`evi EQ=0 4@T Zjcrhmkb+
6
R`i Zjcrj` \`ezou Vizimvj` Ekzreryri R`i Vcfivrzck Rvyzr Fyehb.ekl Vizimvj` Mqikyi Kcvr` Vejjmvrck Ibekfyvl` I@=22MTZjcrhmkb+
:
Mkrmvjrej @ivermli Rvyzr Tveqmri Fml 2<29 J`vezrj`yvj` 0=24Ki| Wimhmkb Mbnekezrvmreck Fyehbekl Ekrivkmreckmh Mkrmvjrej Jik.rvi :0 Cvj`mvb Vcmb J`vezrj`yvj` 049: Ki| Wimhmkb+
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Jcvviztckbekl myr`cv+ I.nmeh7 gmniz+tvubiD|`urimkbnmjomu+jcn
Tyfhejmreck kc+ L.64==.41:4.==10¥ 64== R`i Ekzreryri ca Fvi|ekl ! Bezrehhekl
QCH+ ==<( KC+ 6( 64==
=9<
Zmnthi vijcqivu
R`i |`ezou |mz zmnthib ek m Jhmzz EE NejvcfechclejmhAhc| Jmfekir (Nejvcahc| @mntz`evi YO% rc nmekrmekzriveheru ca r`i fcrrhi jckrikrz mkb r`i zmnthiz+ Mhh i}yet.nikr |mz ier`iv myrcjhmqib mr =6=´J acv 64 nek zrivehezibfu YQ evvmbemreck cv fu |mz`ekl ek <4) ir`mkch+ Rc henerbmnmli rc r`i jcvo jhczyvi mkb tmjomlekl ca r`izi `ezrcve.jmh |`ezou mvriamjrz m zrmekhizz zriih kiibhi (:=1 zuvekli H1 ek+ zewi =0 lmyli Hyiv.hcjo Zelnm.Mhbvej` JcntmkuHrb Bcvzir YO% |mz tmzzib r`vcyl` r`i jcvo jhczi rc r`ikijo ca r`i fcrrhi+ Jcvo |mz vincqib avcn r`i kiibhi|er` m aeki |evi+ Ckji r`i kiibhi `mb tikirvmrib r`i fcrrhim aeki fectzu kiibhi |mz ekzivrib mhcklzebi r`i zmntheklkiibhi rc mhhc| mev ekrc r`i fcrrhi byvekl vincqmh ca r`ihe}yeb ekrc m =44 nH lhmzz zuvekli (Z+L+I+ =44 NV.HH.LR Zuvekli Zytihjc Fihhiackri TM YZM%+ R`i zmnthiz|ivi beztikzib rc zrivehi 14 nH lhmzz fcrrhiz acv zrcvmlimr 4‚2´J+
Nejvcfechclu
Acv nejvcfechclejmh mkmhuzez 94 nH ca |`ezou |mz aeh.rivib r`vcyl` m 4+29 ¹n ninfvmki aehriv (LK.1.NIR.VEJIH
«
Tmhh Heai Zjeikjiz @mntz`evi YO% mkb ekjy.fmrib ck Thmri Jcykr Mlmv (Nivjo Bmvnzrmbr Livnmku%mkb \ehoekz J`mhlvik Mkmivcfej Mlmv (Zelnm.Mhbvej`YO% mr :4´J+
Aviiwekl tcekr mkmhuzez
M 94 nH zmnthi ca M@R <46:+: |mz thmjib ek maviiwiv zir mr ‚04´J zrevvib |er` m nmlkirej fmv mkb r`irintivmryvi nimzyvib |er` m r`ivncjcythi |mz vijcvbibvincrihu iqivu :4 zij+ R`i aviiwekl tcekr |mz jmhjyhmribfu iprvmtchmrekl r`i t`mzi j`mkli heki vitvizikrekl r`ij`mkli avcn he}yeb rc zcheb rc birivneki m rvyi aviiwekltcekr acv r`ez jcnthip nepryvi ca zchyriz ek |mriv+
Ztever mkmhuzez
Mhjc`ch zrviklr` |mz nimzyvib ck mk Mkrck TmmvBNM 9444 bikzeru niriv (Mkrck Tmmv Hrb @ivracvbz`eviYO% mkb ztever mkmhuzez (jchcyv rvmkznerrmkji t@ mkbmjeberu% |mz jckbyjrib yzekl tviqecyzhu vitcvrib nir`.cbz
=‚2
+R|c zmnthiz (M@R <46:+: mkb M@R <46:+=6% |ivizikr acv vmbecjmvfck mkmhuzez fu r`i Cpacvb VmbecjmvfckMjjihivmrcv Yker+ R`ez bmrekl nir`cb ez yzib rc ebikreauavmybyhikr jhmenz vilmvbekl chbiv |`ezou
=9
+R`i mkmhuzez ca r`i nmgcv qchmrehi jcklikivz (LJ.ahmni eckezmreck birijreck LJ.AEB% ir`uh izrivz (LJ.AEB% t`ikchz (`el` tivacvnmkji he}yeb j`vcnmrclvmt`u@THJ% nmryvmreck vihmrib jcklikivz (@THJ% jmreckzmkeckz mkb zylmvz (mhh eck j`vcnmrclvmt`u% ir`uh jmv.fmnmri mkb cr`iv jcklikivz (LJ.nmzz ztijrvcnirvu LJ.NZ% |ivi mhh jmvveib cyr mr r`i Zjcrj` \`ezou Vizimvj`Ekzreryri (Z\VE% yzekl ekrivkmhhu mttvcqib mkb bcjy.nikrib nir`cbz+Mkmhuzez acv nirmhz (eck jcythib thmznm.nmzz ztij.rvcnirvu EJT.NZ% mkb K.kervczcbenir`uhmneki (KBNM%(LJ.r`ivnmh ikivlu mkmhuzez% |mz fu mttvcqib hmfcvmrc.veiz kmnihu Ibekfyvl` Zjeikreaej Zivqejiz (Ibekfyvl`YO% mkb Jmntbik FVE (Lhcyjizrivz`evi YO% viztij.reqihu yzekl ekrivkmhhu mttvcqib mkb bcjynikrib nir`.cbz+
Zikzcvu mkmhuzez
]ymkrermreqi bizjvetreqi mkmhuzez
69
|mz yzib rc tvcaehir`i ahmqcyv j`mvmjrivezrejz ca r`i |`ezou zmnthiz+ M aepibqcjmfyhmvu |mz yzib rc zjcvi r`i zmnthiz+ R`i mrrvefyrizzihijrib avcn r`i Z\VE―z |`ezou ahmqcyv |`iih
=6
|ivi mzachhc|z7 tyklikr timru zyht`yvu aiekru jivimh lviik# lvmzzu ahcvmh aviz` bveib avyer zchqikru z|iir |ccbuzteju cehu zcmtu zcyv zrvyjo nmrj` mkb zrmhi+ R`ez qc.jmfyhmvu ekjhybib kcr ckhu bizevmfhi ahmqcyvz fyr mhzc caa.kcri mvcnmz r`mr jmk cjjmzeckmhhu fi ikjcykrivib byveklZjcrj` |`ezou tvcbyjreck+ R`i zmnthiz |ivi behyrib =76|er` |mriv tvecv rc mzzizznikr fu =9 ninfivz ca Z\VE―ziptivr zikzcvu tmkih+ Ahmqcyvz |ivi zjcvib yzekl m zjmhica 4‚: mkb r`i mqivmli zjcviz jmhjyhmrib mjvczz r`i tmkih+R`i tmkih |mz mhzc leqik r`i cttcvrykeru rc mbb mku yk.yzymh cv caa.kcri j`mvmjrivezrejz |`ej` mhr`cyl` kcr rute.jmh ca rcbmu―z Zjcrj` |`ezou nmu `mqi fiik tvizikr `ez.rcvejmhhu cv `mqi biqihctib cqiv reni+
Lmz j`vcnmrclvmt`u.chamjrcnirvu
Zmnthiz ca |`ezou (: nH% |ivi behyrib |er` : nH ca yhrvm `el` }ymheru |mriv mkb tmzzib r`vcyl` m tvijckbe.reckib Zrvmrm.P zcheb t`mzi iprvmjreck jchynk (T`ikcni.kip Nmjjhizaeihb YO%+ Mbzcvfib jcntckikrz |iviihyrib |er` = nH ca bej`hcvcnir`mki iqmtcvmrib rc leqi maekmh qchyni ca 4+69 nH+ LJ.chamjrcnirvu yzib mkMlehikr 1054 lmz j`vcnmrclvmt` (Mlehikr Rij`kchcleizYO Ibekfyvl`% |er` r`i jchynk iaahyikr zther fir|iik mkMRMZ cbcyv tcvr (MRMZ LH Ekrivkmreckmh F+Q+ Iekb`c.qik Kir`ivhmkbz% mkb mk Mlehikr 95<: nmzz ztijrvcnirivek m vmrec ca =72 ek amqcyv ca r`i kczi tcvr+ R|c cfzivqivzmzzizzib imj` ca r`i iprvmjrz mkb vijcvbib r`i reni bi.zjvetreck mkb ekrikzeru ca cbcyvz+ R`i j`vcnmrclvmt`ejjckbereckz |ivi mz achhc|z7 Jchynk 14 n Ü 4+:6 nn (eb%BF.\MPIRV ba > 4+69 ¹n? cqik tvclvmnni 24´J acv= nek ekjvimzekl rc 694´J mr <´J#nek r`ik `ihb acv =4nek? rvmkzaiv heki 694´J? nmzz ztijrvcniriv zjmkkekl:9‚244 mrcnej nmzz ykerz mr 6 zjmkz#zij+ Cbcyvz vijcvbibek ckhu m zeklhi vyk |ivi bezjcykrib mkb r`i mqivmli renibizjvetreck mkb zyn ekrikzereiz acv mhh cr`iv mvcnmz |ivivijcvbib+
VIZYHRZ MKB BEZJYZZECK
R`i zyvqeqmh ca r`i fcrrhiz ca ‐Z`mjohirck―z― Nmjoekhmu|`ezou (Ael+ =% ez mr aevzr zel`r vinmvomfhi leqik r`i ip.rviniz ca rintivmryvi r`iu |cyhb `mqi fiik zyfgijrib rcek Mkrmvjrejm+ Mz kc `ezrcvejmh rintivmryvi vijcvbz |ivimqmehmfhi acv Jmti Vcubz fcr` r`i ekrivkmh `yr rintivm.ryvi mkb r`i iprivkmh Mkrmvjrej rintivmryvi byvekl 64=4|ivi nimzyvib+ \er`ek r`i `yr r`i rintivmryvi vmklibfir|iik :+:´J byvekl r`i zynniv mkb ‚:6+9´J byvekl r`i|ekriv (Ael+ 6% |er` r`i iprivkmh nekenyn rintivmryvivimj`ekl ‚26+=´J byvekl r`i Mkrmvjrej |ekriv+ R`i aviiw.ekl tcekr ca r`i |`ezou |mz nimzyvib mz ‚:2+: ½ =+9:´Javcn r`i t`mzi j`mkli mz r`i |`ezou |ikr avcn he}yeb rczcheb ck m jcchekl jyvqi+ Mr r`i aviiwekl tcekr r`i |`ezouacvnib zhyz` mkb fijmni zcheb ckhu mr |ihh fihc| ‚24´J+R`ez fi`mqecyv rclir`iv |er` r`i |`ezou―z hcjmreck fi.kimr` r`i ahccv ca r`i iptibereck `yr |vmttib ek zrvm||er`ek |ccbik jmziz |`ej` |cyhb `mqi fyaaivib mku
=90
GCYVKMH CA R@I EKZRERYRI CA FVI\EKL
Ael+ =+
Fcrrhiz ca ‐Z`mjohirck―z― Nmjoekhmu―z nmhr |`ezou achhc|ekl r`m|ekl mkb jckzivqmreck ca tmjomlekl+ Avcn hiar rc vel`r mkb ek r`i cvbiv r`iu |ivi zmnthib7 M@R <46:+: M@R <46:+=6mkb M@R <46:+==+
Ael+ 6+
R`i rintivmryvi tvcaehi (´J% ekzebi Z`mjohirck―z iptibereckmvu `yr mr Jmti Vcubz+ Vimbeklz |ivi rmoiktivecbejmhhu byvekl 64=4 yzekl m @CFC TVC Vihmreqi @yneberu mkb Rintivmryvi BMRM hclliv+
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