MODULE: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPECIAL SENSES WEEK: 6 DATE: 1-5 JANUARY 2012 NAME: Physiology of the Thalamus

1. Which of the following is false about thalamus? A. It is the largest nuclear mass in the whole body B. It is an ovoid structure C. Two thalami face each other laterally across the third ventricle D. Two thalami are connected by interthalamic adhesion

2. All the following are the function of thalamus except? A. B. C. D. Primitive centre for crude sensation from the opposite side of the body Relay centre for fine sensation from the same side o the body Relay centre for impulses from opposite cerebellum to cortical motor areas Relay centre for both direct and indirect circuits of the basal ganglia

3. Which of the following is not true about thalamic syndrome? A. B. C. D. Posteroventral nucleus and lateral ventral thalamic nuclei are usually affected Vascular in origin Due to thrombosis of the artery supplying parts of the thalamus Medial division of posteroventral also is highly affected 4. All the following are the manifestation of thalamic syndrome except? A. B. C. D. Loss of crude sensation Loss of epiciric sensation in the opposite limb Interruption of cerebellar connection with the cortical motor areas Interruption of basal ganglia circuits causes involuntary movement

5. Which of the following is not the characteristic of pain in thalamic syndrome? A. B. C. D. Poorly localized Low threshold Follow all or nothing relationship Can be thalamic hyperpathia

ANATOMY OF BASAL GANGLIA

6. Which is false regarding basal ganglia?

A. Subcortical collections of grey matter inside cerebral cortex B. Consist of 3 components.Which are caudate,lentiform & claustrum. C. Corpus striatum is formed of globus pallidus D. Lentiform nucleus is formed of globus pallidus & lentiform

7. Choose the correct answer regarding the functions of basal ganglia

I. Control voluntary movements II. Control associated movements III. Control fine discrete movements IV. Control posture A. I,II,III B. II,III C. III,IV D. All of the above

8. Choose the correct answers regarding caudate nucleus

I. It is comma shaped grey matter which consist of 3 parts II. It's head lies in lateral walls of anterior horn of lateral ventricles III. It's body lies on roof of central horn of lateral ventricle IV. It's tail lies in roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle A. I,II,III B. III,IV C. I,II,IV D. All of the above

9. Choose the false answer regarding lentifom

A. It is lens shaped structure B. It is located in between 2 capsules C. It forms corpus striatum together with caudate D. It is supply by inferior cerebral artery

10. Choose the correct answers regarding amygdaloid bodies

I. It is continuous with cortex of uncus & related to anterior perforated substance II. It is continuous with tail of caudate nucleus

III. Stria terminalis is the efferent arising from it IV. It is part of limbic system A. I,II,III B. II,III C. III,IV D. All of the above VENTRICULAR SYSYTEM AND CSF 1

11. Which of the following structure is the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle? A. B. C. D. Genu of corpus callosum Anterior part of the body of corpus callosum Head of caudate Rostrum of corpus callosum

12. Which of the following structure is not floor and lateral wall of the central part or body of the lateral ventricle? A. B. C. D. Thalamostriate vein Choroid plexus Part of the superior surface of the thalamus Body of corpus callosum

13. All of the following structure are the roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle except A. B. C. D. Choroid plexus Tapetum Striaterminalis Amygdaloid nucleus

14. Which of the following structure is not related to posterior horn of lateral ventricle? A. B. C. D. Tapetum Hippocampus Optic radiation Forceps major

15. What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? A. B. C. D. Mechanical protection of the central nervous system Removal of waste product Regulation of intracranial pressure All of the above

Physiology of hypothalamus

16. Which is the part of hypothalamus that involves in controlling the parasympathetic activity? A. Anteromedial hypothalamus B. Posteromedial hypothalamus C. Posterior hypothalamus D. Anterior hypothalamus 17. When the ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus is stimulated, it will produce the following reaction I. Cessation of eating II. Rage III. Eating behaviour IV. Placidity A. I and II B. II and III C. I and IV D. III and IV 18. Preoptic and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus is involved in controlling of endocrine functions. Which of the following products is NOT released when they are stimulated? A. Oxytocin B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C. Prolactin D. Vasopressin 19. Destruction of lateral nucleus of hypothalamus causes A. Hyperphagia B. Hypothalamic obesity C. Sham rage reaction D. Anorexia 20. The thirst center is located at A. Preoptic area B. Supraoptic nucleus C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus D. Amygdaloid nucleus

Brain Metabolisms 21. All the following are functions of Glutamate inside the brain EXCEPT

A. B. C. D. E.

GABA productions Acts as neurotransmitters Energy productions Ammonia detoxication Absorbs water into astrocytes

22. All the following are signs of glucose level below 60 mg/dl EXCEPT A. B. C. D. Hunger Lethargy Trembling Sweating

23. All the following are sources of fuel in the brain for energy EXCEPT A. Acetone B. -hydroxybutyrate C. Glucose D. Acetoacetate 24. Which of the following is TRUE? IIIIIIIVVA. B. C. D. E. Increase in Glutamine will lead to brain swelling GLUT3 has high affinity for glucose and high Km Maintaining Na+-K+ membrane potential required energy Fatty acids can transverse blood-brain barrier In prolonged fasting, triacylglycerols becomes principal fuel I, II, III, IV II,III,IV,V I,III,V I,III,IV,V I,III,IV

25. Which of the following is FALSE? IIIIIIIVVA. B. C. D. E. I II III IV V Glycerol can be converted to glucose Proteins can be converted to ketone bodies Glucagon stimulates Glycogenolysis but inhibits glycolysis Ketone bodies to the brain only derived from liver Glutamate dehydrogenase & glutamine synthetase are active enzymes in the brain

EYE AND ORBIT 26. Optic canal which is apex of orbit from behind contains :

I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D.

Opthalmic artery Abducent nerve Optic nerve Nasocliary nerve I and II II and III I and III III and IV

27. Which of following are true about contents of orbit EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Orbital fat Lymph nodes Ciliary ganglion Lacrimal apparatus

28. All of following extrinsic muscles of eyeball EXCEPT : A. B. C. D. Lateral oblique muscle Superior oblique muscle Superior rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle

29. Which are TRUE matching of nerve supply of muscles : I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. Lateral rectus abducent nerve Superior oblique muscle trochlear nerve Inferior oblique muscle occulomotor nerve Medial recti occulomotor nerve I and II I,II and III II,III and IV I,II,III and IV

30. Ophthalmic artey have termination as : A. B. C. D. Supratrochlear artery Ciliary artery Internal carotid artery Central retinal artery

Limbic system 31. All of following are structure that functionally associated by limbic system EXCEPT A. Part of thalamus

B. Hypothalamus C. Prefrontal cortex D. Amygdala

32. Which of the following is not true about Papez circuit? A. B. C. D. Amygdala - fear Cingulated - feeling Hippocampus - memory Mamillary body - body response

33. All of the following are false about function of limbic system EXCEPT A. Lesion in amygdala leads to severe hyperphagia and omniphagia B. Sexual behaviour is greatly modified through influence of the neocortex on limbic system C. Amygdaloid nuclei are cortical structure forming a part of the olfactory center that store the memory of the olfactory stimuli D. Limbic system with hypothalamus regulate autonomic function particularly changes in heart rate and respiration 34. Limbic system is responsible in control of emotions by I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. The role of papez circuit and amydaloid nucleus Production of rage by stimulation of amygdaloid nucleus as well as stimulation of rage center in anteromedial hypothalamic nuclei Producing fear stimulated by hypothalamus and amygdala which also forms and stores the memories especially that evoke fear Destruction of amygdala leads to placidity I, II, and III I, III, and IV II, III, and IV All of the above

35. Which of the following are regarding to motivation produced by limbic system? I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. Stimulation of nucleusaccumbens gives a rewarding sensation Recreational drug gives rewarding sensation subcortically leading to addiction Stimulation of area that gives the sense of punishment is called punishment area Hypothalamus concerns with expression of emotion I and IV II and III I, II and III All of the above

ANATOMY OF EYEBALL 36. One of the most sensitive parts in the body is present in the eye ball which is

A. B. C. D.

Cornea Sclera Iris Retina

37. Structures piercing the sclera are I. Lamina cribrosa II. Conjunctiva III. Choroid IV. Venae verticosae A. B. C. D. I and II II and III III and IV I and IV

38. Site where axons of the ganglion cells leave the retina as optic nerve is A. B. C. D. Papilla Macula lutea Fovea centralis Central vessels of retina

39. Which of the following is TRUE regarding lens? A. B. C. D. Biconcave Lies between iris and eye pupil Enclosed inside an opaque elastic capsule Periphery of the lens is connected with ciliary muscle through zonule

40. The following structure of eyeball is supplied by ciliary artery EXCEPT I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. Cornea Sclera Choroid Ciliary body I only II and III II,III and IV I,II and IV

Lecture basal ganglia 41. About the function of basal ganglia, all of the following is true, EXCEPT:

A. They share in initiation of gross voluntary movement B. They control the associated movements (eg: arm swinging during walking) C. They decrease the activity of gamma motor neuron by increasing activity of the inhibitory reticular formation D. Decrease the activity of alpha motor neuron by decreasing the activity of corticospinal tract E. They are essential for sensory function

42. Chorea is: A. B. C. D. A disease resulting from damage of substantia niagra Due to decrease of GABA secreting neuron in basal ganglia A common complication of typhoid fever Characterized by involuntary movement exaggerated during sleep

43. About the neurotransmitter in Basal Ganglia, all of the following is true, EXCEPT: The nigrostriatal system release dopamine Dopamine inhibit the release of acetylcholine in corpus striatum The corpus striatum receive neuron that release serotonin The striatal neurons release GABA which inhibit the dopaminergic nigro-striatal fibers by ve feedback mechanism E. The net result of the nigrostriatal and other fiber in caudate nucleus in inhibitory 44. In Parkinson Disease, muscular rigidity is: A. B. C. D. Due to increase in dopamine content in the corpus striatum Mainly caused by decreased gamma efferent discharge Increased by use of phenothiazines (dopamine antagonist) More marked in extensor muscles A. B. C. D.

45. In Parkinsonism (paralysis agitans): A. B. C. D. E. There are exaggerated tendon jerk The extra ocular muscle always show severe rigidity There are mask face, shuffling gait and slow monotonous speech There are hyperkinesia and klasp-knife spasticity The dopamine content in the corpus striatum is markedly increase

Drugs Used In Treatment of Parkinsonism 46. L-dopa is combined with which drug for the treatment of Parkinsonism? A. B. C. D. Sinemet Phenothiazines Carbidopa Amantadine

47. The following statement are true regarding L-dopa except: A. L-Dopa cannot cross blood-brain barrier and decrease dopamine content in basal ganglia

B. 95% of given L-Dopa is transformed to dopamine in peripheral tissues C. Levodopa can ameliorate all clinical features of Parkinsonism especially relieving bradykinesia D. Dopamine accumulation in periphery leads to nausea and vomiting 48. The benefits of combining Levodopa with Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor are the following except: A. B. C. D. Decrease the dose of Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor Decrease the side effects of L-Dopa Increase the efficiency in treatment of Parkinsonism Decrease the dose of L-Dopa

49. Which is the false statement regarding the side effects of L-Dopa: A. B. C. D. Dyskinesias are common side effect after a long use, mainly on form of choreoathetosis Fluctuations in response include end-of dose dyskinesia and on-off phenomenon Cardiac arrhythmias has been attributed to increased cathecholamines peripherally Anorexia,nausea and vomiting occur in about 20% of patients taking Sinemet

50. The false interaction with L-Dopa is: A. B. C. D. L-Dopa + Antiemetics such as phenothiazines L-Dopa + Vitamin B6 L-Dopa + Anti-cholinergic drugs L-Dopa + MAO B inhibitors

Histology of cerebellum 51. The cerebellum consist of these layers: I-Molecular layer II-Purkinje layer III-Granular layer IV-Pleomorphic layer A. B. C. D. I, and II I, and IV I, II, and III All of the above

52. The dendrites of the purkinje cells receive the following fibers I-Axons of granular cells

II-Dendrites of golgi cells III-Climbing fibers IV-Mossy fibers A. B. C. D. I, and II I, and III I, and IV Not sure

53. The followings are the cells present in the molecular layer, EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Granular cells Stellate association cells Basket cells Neuroglia

54. What are recurrent collateral fibers? A. B. C. D. Dendrite from the golgi cells synapse with dendrites of purkinje cells Dendrite from granular cells synapse with dendrites of golgi cells Axon from granular cells synapse with dendrites of purkinje cells Axon from purkinje cells synapse with dendrites of golgi cells

55. Cerebellar glomeruli are the region of synapse between these fibers except: A. B. C. D. Mossy fibers Climbing fibers Axons of golgi cells Dendrites of granular cells

Cerebellum physiology 56. The following are true EXCEPT A. B. C. D. Cerebellum perceives sensation unconsciously The motor functions of cerebellum are subconscious with automatic execution Cerebellum receives afferent signals from cortex and spinal cord The efferent signals of cerebellum pass the hypothalamus before reaching the cortex

57. The following are true EXCEPT A. Archicerebellum is concerned with equilibrium and muscle tone B. Paleocerebellum is formed of some portion of vermis together with cerebellar hemisphere C. Information of intended plan of movement and propioceptive (feedback) signals are sent to the spinocerebellum in the coordination of involuntary movements D. Fastigial nucleus receives output from vestibulocerebellum and vermis of spinocerebellum

58. Choose the correct statements

I. II. III. IV.

Axial portion of the body is represented inverted in cerebrocerebellum In the hemispheric part of spinocerebellum, the abdomen is represented in inverted manner Ballistic movement is coordinated by cerebellar circuit related to the cerebrocerebellum Decomposition of movement occur due to malfunctioning of prediction ability by the spinocerebellum I and II II and III I, II and IV II, III and IV None of the above

A. B. C. D. E.

59. Choose the correct statements I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. E. Timing of movement is done by cerebrocerebellum Lesion of spinocerebellum leads to overshooting movements Basal ganglia plays a role in both voluntary and involuntary movements Muscle tone is decreased by cerebellum I and II II and III I, II and IV II, III and IV All of the above

60. The following tract/fibers are involved in cerebellar functions EXCEPT A. B. C. D. Ventral spinocerebellar tract Cortico ponto dento thalamo cortical fibers Vestibulospinal tract Gracile tract

ANATOMY OF EAR 61. External structures of ear consist of _____ parts which is ____ and _____ A. 2, auricle and external auditory meatus B. 2, auricle and membranous labyrinth C. 3, ear pinna, internal auditory meatus and middle ear cavity 62. Auricle is made up of of _____________ and has a branch of _________ that related in acupuncture therapy for obese patient. A. Fibrous cartilage , hypoglossal nerve B. Elastic cartilage , branch of vagus nerve C. Elastic cartilage, hypoglossal nerve A [true] B [false] 63. Roof of middle ear is formed of tegmen tempani of frontal bone.

64. The floor is related to jugular bulb 65. Posterior wall is related to stapedius muscle while anterior wall is related to tensor tympani muscle

ANSWERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 C 275 B 275 D 276 A 276 B 276 B D C D D C 157 D 158 A 159 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 B 158 D 152 A C C D B E 173 B 171 A 170-1 D 170-3 B 170-3 C 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 B A D A D 279 A 279 B 281 B 281 C 281 A D A D 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 A E A C C C C 289 A 289 A 290 B 290 D 290 C B 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 A D B D C E E D A 364 B 364 B A A

DAN JANGANLAH KAMU BERASA LEMAH, DAN JANGAN PULA BERSEDIH HATI. KERANA KAMU PALING TINGGI DARJATNYA JIKA KAMU ORANG YANG BERIMAN (SURAH ALI IMRAN: 139)