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    LASL Explosive Property Data
    LASL Explosive Property Data
    LASL Explosive Property Data
    Ebook422 pages1 hour

    LASL Explosive Property Data

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    This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherUniversity of California Press
    Release dateNov 15, 2023
    ISBN9780520313743
    LASL Explosive Property Data

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      Book preview

      LASL Explosive Property Data - Terry R. Gibbs

      LASL EXPLOSIVE PROPERTY DATA

      LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES

      LOS ALAMOS DATA CENTER FOR DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

      LASL EXPLOSIVE PROPERTY DATA

      Editors — Terry R. Gibbs

      Alphonse Popolato

      CONTRIBUTORS John F. Baytos Bobby G. Craig Arthur W. Campbell William E. Deal Jerry J. Dick Robert H. Dinegar Raymond P. Engelke Thomas E. Larson Elisabeth Marshall John B. Ramsay Raymond N. Rogers Diane Soran Manuel J. Urizar Jerry D. Wackerle

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      Berkeley • Los Angeles • London

      University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      Copyright © 1980 by

      The Regents of the University of California

      ISBN 0-520-04012-0 Series ISBN 0-520-04007-4

      Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 80-53635 Printed in the United States of America

      23456789

      CONTENTS 1

      CONTENTS 1

      PART I EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE

      BARATOL

      COMPOSITION B

      CYCLOTOL

      DATB

      HMX1

      NITROGUANIDINE

      OCTOL

      PBX 9011

      PBX 9404

      PBX 9407

      PBX 9501

      PBX 9502

      PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE (PETN)

      RDX

      TATB

      TETRYL

      TNT

      XTX 8003

      XTX 8004

      PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY PROPERTIES

      1. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

      2. THERMAL PROPERTIES

      DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.DETONATION PROPERTIES

      4. SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES

      5. SENSITIVITY TESTS

      GLOSSARY

      AUTHOR INDEX

      SUBJECT INDEX

      PART I

      EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE

      EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE

      1. Bara toi 3

      2. Composition B 11

      3. Cyclotol 24

      4. DATB 34

      5. HMX 42

      6. Nitroguanidine 52

      7. Octol 61

      8. PBX 9011 72

      9. PBX 9404 84

      10. PBX 9407 99

      11. PBX 9501 109

      12. PBX 9502 120

      13. PETN 130

      14. RDX 141

      15. TATB 152

      16. Tetryl 163

      17. TNT 172

      18. XTX 8003 188

      19. XTX 8004 196

      BARATOL

      1. GENERAL PROPERTIES

      1.1 Chemical and Physical Description. Baratol, a mixture of barium nitrate, Ba(N08)2, and TNT, C7H5N8O0, is off-white to gray.

      1.2 Common Use. During World War II, the British developed baratols that contained about 20 wt% barium nitrate to replace TNT. The United States used baratols that contained slightly more barium nitrate in depth charges and other limited munitions. Baratols that contain up to 76 wt% barium nitrate are now used as the low detonation velocity explosive in waveshaping devices such as plane-wave lenses.

      1.3 Toxicity.¹ Barium nitrate can irritate skin and mucous membranes.

      2. MANUFACTURE AND PROCUREMENT

      2.1 Manufacture. Finely ground barium nitrate is added to molten TNT to form a castable slurry. To lower the slurry viscosity, which increases with the percentage of barium nitrate, about 0.1 wt% of nitrocellulose (11.8-12.2 wt% nitrogen, 18-25 centipoise) is added to the TNT before the addition of the barium nitrate. After the barium nitrate is added, just before vacuum is applied to the melt, 0.05-0.1 wt% of either decylgallophenone or stearoxyacetic acid is added to prevent cracking. Vacuum is applied to the melt just before casting to remove dissolved and occluded gas and to provide higher, more uniform density. Carefully controlled cooling of the casting also promotes uniform density and composition.

      2.2 Procurement. There are no purchase specifications for baratol. It is produced to the user’s specific requirements at ordnance plants that have TNT- casting facilities.

      2.3 Shipping.² Baratol is shipped as a Class A explosive, as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations.

      2.4 Storage.⁸ Baratol is stored in Compatibility Group D, Storage Class 1.1, as required by US Army Materiel Command regulation.

      3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

      3.1 Composition. Unless otherwise specified, the properties given are for the following composition.

      REFERENCES

      1. N. I. Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 4th Ed. (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1975).

      2. Code of Federal Regulations, 49, Transportation Parts 100-199, Rev. 12-1-76 (Office of the Federal Register, General Services Administration, Washington, DC, 1976).

      3. US Army Materiel Command, Regulation No. AMCR 385-100 (1977).

      4. Prince E. Rouse, Jr., Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 21,16-20 (1976).

      5. V. M. Boyle, R. L. Jameson, and M. Sultanoff, Proceedings—Fourth Symposium (International) on Detonation, White Oak, Maryland, October 12-15, 1965 (Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, ACR-126, 1965), pp. 241-247.

      COMPOSITION B

      1. GENERAL PROPERTIES

      1.1 Chemical and Physical Description. Composition B (Comp B), a mixture of 60 wt% RDX and 40 wt% TNT, with or without a wax desensitizer, is yellow- brown. Mixtures of RDX and TNT are generally called cyclotols in the United States, Hexolite in France, Fiillpulver in Germany, Tritolite in Italy, Tritolita in Spain, and Hexotol in Sweden.

      Comp B desensitized with 1 wt% wax is available in grades A and B. Grade A is more fluid than Grade B when molten. Comp B-3 contains no desensitizer. It is more viscous than Grade A or B when molten because its median RDX particle diameter is smaller.

      1.2 Common Use. Comp B is used as the explosive fill in almost all types of explosive ordnance.

      1.3 Toxicity.¹ The toxicity of Comp B is like that of RDX and TNT.

      Workers who inhaled RDX dust for several months have become unconscious and have suffered loss of reflexes. The suggested maximum permissible airborne concentration is 1.5 mg/m³.

      Inhaled TNT vapor or dust may irritate mucous membranes and cause sneezing, coughing, and sore throat. TNT may produce toxic hepatitis and aplastic anemia, and it yellows the exposed skin, hair, and nails of workers. Dermatitis, erythema, papules, and itchy eczema can be severe. Ingestion of 1-2 g of TNT is estimated to be an acute fatal dose to humans. The suggested maximum permissible airborne dust concentration is 0.5 mg/m⁸.

      2. MANUFACTURE AND PROCUREMENT

      2.1 Manufacture. Comp B-type explosives, including cyclotols, are manufactured from TNT and water-wet RDX. The TNT is melted in a steam-jacketed kettle equipped with a stirrer and is brought to about 100°C. The wet RDX is added slowly. Heating and stirring are continued until most of the water is evaporated. The appropriate desensitizing wax or other additive is then thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients. After cooling to satisfactory fluidity, the Comp B is cast into strips or chips. The chips are shipped to an ordnance plant, remelted, and cast into ammunition or into desired shapes. During this melting, other additives may be introduced. To increase the density of cast charges, a vacuum may be applied to the molten Comp B before casting.

      2.2 Procurement. Comp B is purchased from the US Army Armament Readiness Command under military specification MIL-C-401C, dated May 15, 1968, or, as Comp B-3, under MIL-C-45113, dated June 19,1958.

      2.3 Shipping.² Comp B is shipped as a Class A explosive.

      2.4 Storage.⁸ Comp B is stored in Compatibility Group D, Storage Class 1.1.

      3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

      3.1 Composition.

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