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Verified
Digitally signed by
Theodoros Moumouris
Date: 2011.11.21 16:51:49
EET
Reason: Signed PDF
(embedded)
Location: Athens, Ethniko
Typografio

38069

. 2611
8 2011

. . 11321/.26012/1718
.


:
1. 16, .. 1846/1951 (...
179).
2. 1, 27,
. 1902/1990 (... 138).
3. 7, . 3863/2010 (...
115)
, ,
.
4. 90,
,
, .. 63/2005
(... 98).
5. .. 372/1995 (... 201)

, ,
, ..
213/1992 (... 102)
..

6. .. 66/2011 (... 148)

, ..
7. . 63/2011 (... 145)
, ,
..
8. ,
. 2876/07.10.2009 (... 2234)
..
9. ,
. .80000/.
3647/212/4.7.2011
(... .... 220/13/7/2011).
10.


, :
,



,
,
... ....
.


.

38070

( )

1.

1.1
. : .
( ).
A, 2, F
:
x - Cooley
x - ()
x - () (3 4
).
. -
1) - -

..

0%

2) - , Cooley.
.
, , , 6
, , , , ,
.
: Hb
, 2 F : =0-1%, 2=410%, F=90-96%.
. -
.
- - -
:

. 50-80%

( ,

).
- - -
.

20-40%

.
3) H

 ( )

. 20-40%

1.2.
.
, ,
S .
.
1 :

: S.

. 0%
2)
: ( ) ,
, .

.

.
, .

:
-
40%
-
-
.. 67-80%
3)
- ( S,
) - ( ).
.
1.3.
.
,
.
.
1
:
. .

2

0%

: , .
.
:

38071

 ( )

38072


()
()
1.4.

20%
. 10%

.
PIG-A.
T ,
/
.
1) , ,

0-20%
2)

. 40-60%
3)

. 60-80%
2.
2.1.
, ,
.

................................................... 10%
, :

. 40-60%
2.2. ()
- , , ,
() .
-
. HLA ,
.
:
() (1-2 ): 80%
() (
//) :
10-30%
() :
..60-80%
3.
3.1 ,

 ( )


. :
. VIII IX .

, .

.

VIII IX .
( ) :
() ( >10%)

.. 20%

() ( 1-10%)

40-50%

() ( <1%)

50-67%

,
3.2.
3.2.1. ()
.
1) (<10.000/)

:
- : 0-20%
2) :
() >50.000/,

0%
() <50.000 / 20.000/
( ) /.

. 10-30%
() <20.000/, ( )
,
60 .

.. 30-67%
3..2..2..

,
.
() .

0%
()


. 20-40%
3.3. Glanzmann

38073

38074

( )



. ADP
.

0-20%
3.4. Bernard-Soulier
,
.
.

.. 0-40%
3.5. von Willebrand
von Willebrand (vWF) . ,
.
.
:
:
.. 0-40%
4.
,
/
(. ).
5.
:
1)
2)
3)
4) 5q
5)
6)
. 1-4
.
()
:

20-40%
() :

. 40-60%

. 5-6
.

50-67%
6.

/ , ...

 ( )


() :

0-20%
() :

40%
- .
7.
.

35-67%

8.
( )
( ).
.
:
() 80% ( )
() . 20-30%
() :
- 30-40%
-
. 50-80%
9. ()

bcr-abl.
:
1) ( )
2)
3) ( 2 3 ).
:
() ,
,
.
20%
() :
- (graft versus host disease) :
.... 30-40%
- :
.. 50- 80%
10.

.
:
() / :
. 0-20%
() /:
..35-67%

38075

38076

( )


11.
,
.
:
() : 0-20%
() , .
() , ,
.
12.M
.

. , ,
(, ).
,
.
:
() :
. 20-50%
() :
. 40-60%
() .
13.

.
, ,
, .
, .
,
.
. ,
.
:
() , :
() :

. 20%
40-67%

14. WALDENSTROM

IgM. , , ,
IgM ( >5 gr/dl).


:
()

/
10-30%
() / ,
( ) :
.. 40-80%

 ( )


15.
.

,
IgG, IgA, .
, , .

(MGUS, monoclonal
gammopathy of unknovn significance).
:
() MGUS ( ): ... 0%
() :
.0-20%
() :
...40-50%
() , ,
( ) .. 50-80%
16.

, , , .

() ,
:
.. .. .20%
() // . 67-80%
17.
17.1. Hodgkin

.

()
.. 50-67% ( )
() :
.. 20%
() 1 /:
1) :
.. 20-40%
2) (
/) :
.. 50-80%
17.2 M odgkins .
-Hodgkin
. -Hodgkin
.
1.
:
() ,
, :
. 20%
() ,

38077

38078

( )


:
35-67%
2.

()
.. 50-67% ( )
() ,
( ) : .. 20%
() ,
,
:
.. ..67-80%
()
.. 20-40%

(AIDS)
. -
HIV.
,
CD4 HIV RNA .
CD4 , (CD4>500/l),
(CD4:200-500/l), (CD4< 200/l) (CD4 <50l).
HIV
CD4 .

, ,
, , , ,

.
1 ( CD4>500/l)

, , , .
-
, .
. .
10-20%
2 - (CD4 200-500/l)
(, , ,
), ,
, in situ ,
, , ,
, .
CD4<350/l /
.
-

- .
.40-50%

 ( )


.67%
50%.
3 -/ (CD4 < 200/l)
AIDS: P.jiroveci, ,
, , ,
, Kaposi, , .
CD4<50/l
/, ,
Mycobacterium avium complex, ,
, , .
-
.

(.. CMV , , / ).


..80- 80%.
80%.

.80%.

.

1. Nelson E24.1, D35.2
.

Cushing..
.
1

, , .
.

ACTH .
.


1. ,
(. Cushing)
> 67% [2 ]
..20-30% [ ]
2. ,
(. Cushing)
>67% [3 ]
...30% [ ]

38079

38080

( )

2. Cushing E24.0, D35.2

.
ACTH <10mm ()
10 mm

.
1

, , , ,
.

, ACTH ( ), 24,
.
.

.

-

67% [2 ]
-
, 6-18 ,
67% [2 ] 20% [6-18 ]
-
( )
..30%
- ................50% (
(, )
3. E22.1, D35.2
.
< 1 cm () > 1 cm ()
(PRL).
.
1

: , .
: libido.

100-200 ng/ml.
(< 1 cm).

( )
( ).

-
.10%
- ( 90%)
5 67% [1 ]

 ( )


- PRL
( )
...
10% [5 ]
2

1 ,
.

> 200 ng/ml. .
(>2 cm).

,
. ,
.
...30%
4. E22.0, D35.2
.
(GH) ()
().

.
.
1

, ,
, .

, , .
20%.
.

) < 2 cm , ,
80-90%
.
...67% [2 ]
) >2 cm 60-70%.
6 2 , GH

67% [2 ] 20% [2 ]
) >2 cm
.
10 .


..67% [ 2 ]
...30% [10 ]
2

38081

38082

( )



1 , ,
, . , , .

1 .
.

)

..55-67% [ 2 ]
)

.100%
5. E23.0, E89.3
.
.
:
1) .
2) (
Sheehan).
3) .
4) .
5) , , , .

,
( )
.
.
1
( )

- : , .
- : , .

.
...0%
2
( )

, .

4 3, TSH.

.
...0%
3
ACTH ( )

 ( )

,
.

, ACTH.


, , .
.20%
4


, .

.
...20%
6. E23.2
.
:
1) (
).
2) ( )

3) ( ).
.
1
E23.2

(5-25 L), , (5-25 L).

(<1005), ,
.
. .

( , ,
, , , , )
.
...10%
2
7. N25.1

(3-6 L). (3-6 L).

,
.

38083

38084

( )


- ,
(), .
-
.
..>67% [1 ]
-
.100%
8. E06
.
.
:
1. ( ). EO6.0
2. de Quervain ().E06.1
3. (). E06.3
4. Riedel ( ).E.06.5
.
1
E06.0

, .

.
.

.
.
.
. .
..80% [1-2 ]
2
E06.1

38-40C, , , .

(>60 mm). -131.
4 / T3, TSH.

. 2 .
( ) .
.. 30% [1 ]
3 .
)
)
) .

4
Riedel E06.5

 ( )

( ) ,
, .

. .

- ...10-20%
- .55%
-
...67%
9. E05
.
:
1) ( Graves Basedow):
TSH
.
2) : ) .
.
1

100/min, , ,
, .

4 3 ( 3). TSH.

.
6 .
3 .
30% [1 ]
2

>100/min.
. . .
.

4 3. TSH.

.
2 . ,
.
6-24 . (131)

...30% [2 ]
3

2
.

38085

38086

( )



,
.
50% [3-4 ]
1. ,
. ( NOSPECS 0-1)
...20% [6 ]
2. , (
)
...50% [4-6]
4. ( , ), ,
, , .
...30-80% [3-24 ]
5.
..80-100%
10. E03
.
.
.
1

( ). ,
.

4. TSH. .

.
.
....0%
2
( ).
, , ,
.

.
,
2-3 .
..30% [2-3 ]
3

: 2
, , , ,
, , .

4 3, TSH. ,
( ).

, , .
...50% [2-3 ]

 ( )

4 E03.5

, : .
.

4 3, TSH. .

- .
.100% [2-3 ]
11.
.
) . . D34
) . C73
1. .
2. .
3. Hurthle cell (80% -20% )
4.
5.
6.
.
1

: <1 cm
.

: <1 cm. :
.

.
.
.50% [1 ]
...10% [ ]
2

1. .
2. .
3. Hurthle cell .
4. .

.

1 .

1. . 10 90%.
,
. , (131) .

- ..20% (5 ) 10% ( )

38087

38088

( )


- ..50-80%
2. . .
.


- ...20% (5 ) 10%
- 80%
3. Hurthle cell . .

- ..20%
- 90%
4. . .
(25%)
( ) 2).
.


) ( )
20%
) (<150)
...50%
) (>400)
...100%
3

, .
.

, ( )
. ,
.
100%
12. E20
.

.

1. :
. E89.2
2. .E20.0
3. . E20.8
4. ( ). E20.8
.
1

. , Chvostek Trousseau,
, .

7,5-8,5 mg%, , .

 ( )



D.
.
..0-10%
2

1
:
<7,2 mg %.

D .

- ..100%
- ... 10-20% [ ]
13. E21.0, D35.1
.
(85%), (9%), (5%)
(1%) (PTH). .
.
.
1

, .

11 mg%, PTH.

.
..0-10%
2

, , , ( ), .

11-15 mg%, , , ,
c-AMP, , (
),
. Sestamibi .

)
1. ( <12 mg%)
.
..0-10%
2. >15 mg%
..60-100%
)
1. .
...>30% [2 ]
2.
.

38089

38090

( )


.30% [2 ]
3. .
..50% [10 ]
4. .
...100% [ ]
14. D35.0, E27.5 ( =C74.1)
.
.
.
.
1

, , , ,
, , .

VMA 24. .
/ . scanning 131MIBG .

1. , ,
.
... 50% [2 ]
2. ,
, .

... >67% [1 ]
15.
.
.
() 21-
11-.
.
1
21- E25,

.

. .
..0%
2
21- E25,

: , , .
: , , .

 ( )

, 17-,
,
.

. .
....20-40%
3

2 , .

2 .

.
....25-40%
4
D35.0

: .
: , , .

, 17- ,
.
.

.
... 30% [2 ]
5
C74.0

4 : , , .

4 :
.

,
, , - ..
....100%
16. E26.0
.
()
.
.

. . . .

. , .

.

38091

38092

( )


1)
.
... >30% [2 ]
2)
.
..10%
17. ( Addison) E27.1, E27.2, A18.7,
E27.3, E27.4
.
. :

.
.

, , , , .

, , , , ,
ACTH.

, .
... 50% [1-2 ]
(, , )
( =
E27.2).
... >80% [1-2 ]

:

- .20%
- 30-40%
18. Cushing E24
.

Cushing. :
1. ACTH ( Cushing).E24.2
2. ( Cushing). E24.0, D35.2
3. .D35.0
4. .C74.0
5. ACTH.E24.3
.
1
Cushing E24.2

, , ,
, , ACTH.

 ( )


1.
ACTH.
... 50%
..
2. ,

.
... 50% [3 ]
.

2
( Cushing) (. 1.3.2)
3
D35.0


, .

, ACTH,
.
.

... 40% [1]

..20% [6 ]
19. D13.7, D13, C25.4, C17
.
(
) .
(
).
.
1

: 90% . .

<50 mg%.
<40 mg%. .

- >67% [3 ]
...20% [ ]
- ,
90-100%
2
: 60%

38093

 ( )

38094


, , , .

. .
.

-
..>67% [3 ]
...40% [ ]
- (
)..90-100%
: 60%

, .

, , , . .
.

- ...>67% [5 ]
...30% [ ]
- ...100%
( Werner-Morrison

, , , ,
.

, , VIP .

- >67% [3 ]
...30% [ ]
- ...100%
3

( Zollinger-Ellison) >60%


, .

>100 pg/ml,
(). 2
.

- (. )

230%
- ...100%
20. (MEN: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia)
C75.8
.

 ( )


.
. : 1) MEN I:
, , . 2) MEN II:
, ,
, MEN I:
.
1
D13.7, C25.4, D35.1, D35.2

.
()
( ).
(, Cushing, ,
).
Zollinger-Ellison.

/ . .
.

- (, )
..50%
- ..70-90%

..100%
2
C73, D35.0, D35.1

(). .
(. ). .

. .
.

, :
.............................................................................................................20%
( )
( )
50-70%

1.
.

(TLC, FRC, RV)
().
(, ...),

38095

38096

( )


( ),
, ...
.

. ,
, Ca (
) Ca
,
.
.
1


FVC/FVC pred 0,8-0,6

.
..5-10%
2


FVC/FVC pred 0,6-0,5

.
20-40% [1 ]
3


FVC/FVC pred <0,5


.
.50% [2 ]
2.
.
.
, ,
. :
, , , , ,
, , - ..
.
.
.
, ,
.
.
1

, .

 ( )



: .

/: , .
: (FVC,
FEV1) FEV1/FVC>75%. : .
: .

.
..5-10%
2
.

.
.

: (
, ().

/: .
.
:
.
: .
: .

.
25-50% [1 ]
3
.

. ,
. .

: , (
).

/:
.
:
. .
:
( ).
: .

.
.
...67-80% [2 ]

38097

38098

( )

3.
.
.
, , .
( :

) ( :

.).
.
(). 50
( 90%) .
.
1

3 ,
.
1500 .

: , .
: .
/ : .
: FEV1/FVC: 0,70, FEV1/FEV1pr 0,60 FEF25-75/ FEF25-75pr 0,60.
: .

.
(. ) .
..5 - 10% 1 2
2

. 300
.

: . , .

/ : ,
.
: FEV1/FVC 0,70 FEV1/FEV1pr 0,40-0,60.FEF25-75/FEF25-75pr 0,40
0,60
: , .

.
.
...20-40% 1 - 2
3

 ( )


.
. 100 .

: . - (
)

/ :
.
.
: FEV1/FVC < 0,40, FEV1/FEV1pr < 0,40, FEF25-75/FEF25-75pr < 0,40
: / (
)
.: .

. .
, .
.
..50 -70% (2 )
[ 3
(.
). ,
.
,
].
4.
.

(20-40 ) , , ,
, , , , , (),
.
: ) , ) )
.) .
Kveim .
:
1) (SACE).
2) -67.
3) .
4) .
5) (30%)

.
.
1
0
- 0 / .
- .
(80%) .

38099

38100

( )


, , , ,
.
: = ..
/ : .. ,
.
: ..
- .
-
.
-
.

. 80% ,
10% 10% .
..5-10%
2

-
.
0 .
. = .. .
/ : -
. 1 2 .
: 1 2 .
p2 .
VC.
DLCO.
V (pons).

.
.
20-50% [1 ]
.
3
IV
.
, ,
.
: .
: ,
.
: 2 3 .
.
: 2 3
.
FEV/FVCpr <0,5.
RV.
TLC.
.
.

 ( )



.
67-80%
5.
.

,
.
:
1. .
2. ( ).
3. (, ...).
:
-
-
-
-
- (.. )
-
-
-
,

, ,
,
,
.


50%
, 2
3 .
() 35% .
1
1 4-7
20 5
.
6.
.

.
: 15 mm Hg,
. >25 mm Hg
>30mmHg .
: ()

.
.

38101

38102

( )


.



, .. , ARDS, ...
.
1

.
- ( , ), 2 3
.
- 1 2 .
()
, , ,
().

.

(>25 mm Hg).

.
.. 50% [1 ]
.
2
- 2 3 .
- .
- .
- .
.

/ : ( ) , >
16 mm > 15 mm TLC.
ECHO-
.

(
) .
...50-67% [2 ]
.
3
2 .

/ : , 2 ,
, .
.

. 5
.

 ( )



.. 80% 2 .
7.
.

/
,
(PaO2<60mmHg) , , . (PaO2<60mmHg)
(PaCO2>45mmHg)..
.
1
pO2 = 80-60 mm Hg.

, . .
PaO2 = 80-60 mm Hg PaCO2 = 45-50 mm Hg.

,
pCO2.

.
.. 50% [1 ]
.
2
PaO2 = 60-45 mm Hg.
1
. .
PaO2 60-45 mm Hg PaCO2 = 50-70 mm Hg.
,
.
.

.
.
...50-80% [2 ]
3
pO2 45 mm Hg.
, 2

(
)
. ,
. (
) .
pO2<45 mm Hg pCO2>70 mm Hg.
2 .
, , , ,
.
.

38103

38104

( )


.
80% [2 ]
8.
.

.
,
, , , ,
().

. , , ,
.

. .
0: .
Mantoux .
1: . Mantoux .
2: Mantoux , .
, .
3: .
, , ,
Mantoux.
4: . .
Mantoux . .
.
5: .
.
.

.
3,
:
1.
, .
,
2 5
.
2.
,
, 1/3 ,
.
4 cm.
3.
.
, ,
.
.
1

 ( )



.
.

1 5-10% .
2


.
.

1 10-20% .
3


.
.

20-25% .

.
4



( .., ).
..80%
.
,
.
9.
.


.
,
. ,
.
, ,
.

,
( )
.
.
1
: ,
, ( ).

38105

38106

( )


.
. .
5-10%
2
: .

( ).


. .
20-40%
3

. . pCO2
pH. .( )

.
> 120 min.
50-70%
10.

.
,
, .
, .
.
,
.

, , , .
: , ,
.
: .
,
,
, .

,
.
..5-15% [1 ]
(,
)
(, ...).
11.

, .

.

 ( )



, , , .
,
.
: .
: .


.
.
.5-20% [ ]
12.
,
75-80%
, 20-25%
.
.
()
1.
2.

(F P) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ( , )
6.
7.
8. (Pancoast)
: ) , ) , )
.

-Ca .....80% (2 )
- Ca .80% [2 ]
- Ca
...67% [3 2 ]
-Ca (
80% 3 67% 2
50% .
- Ca ...80%
13.
8% . 50%
.
, , (
).
(, , )
.

38107

 ( )

38108


.

.

35% 67% ,
.
.

.................................. 50% ( '
) (
).


()
.

.
.
:

: , , ,
.
: , ,
.
: , ,
.

( ).

, ,
-,
.
:
-
-
-
-
-

 ( )


- -

, ,
()
.
,
. ,
4% 10% .

x .
x
x
x /
.
x .
x .
x .
x
x .
x .
x libido.


()
, .

, n-CPAP
(nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) s
s ,

.

1

, :
x / 10 30
SatO2 85% ( )

38109

38110

( )


x / 30 60 SatO2
80 84% ( )
x / 60 SatO2 80%
( )
:
n-CPAP .
.....................................................5-25% (1 )
2



.
(
- ) .
: .
: ,
, ( . .. ).
3

2, 3 (
>100%, , )
Pickwick.
:
.
.......................................................67-80% (2 )

1.

(, , , ),
(
).
1.1.

1.1.1.
50 /1
.
.
1.1.2. .
.

 ( )


1.1.3.


1.2.
1.2.1.
..0-5%
1.2.2.
..0-5%
1.2.3.

:
1)
2) .

,,
, ...........0-10%
.20-30%
.
1.3.
1.3.1.

.

,
, , , ,
, 10-30%.
,
.
...0%
1.3.2.
( )

.


,
( ).
,
.
: 1) PR 120 msec 2)
QRS , ( )
3) ST-T.

...0-5%

...25-50%

38111

 ( )

38112


,,
(), 67%
1.3.3.
, (240400/1). 300/1
150/1.
F ( ).
..10-20%
1.3.4.
,

.

0-10%
..15-25%
(ablation) ...0-25%
1.3.5.
QRS
100 200 1.
,
.
..50-80%
1.3.6.

.
,
()
(ICD) .
1.4.

1.4.1. -
- 1 : .
- 2 : ) Wenckebach, P-P ,
2 P-P.
) Mobitz II,
- 3 :

...0%
, .15-25%
1.4.2.
.
1.4.3.

.
35-60/1.
P , AVF.


..15-25%
1.4.4.

 ( )





1.4.5. ()
.
P-R . .
.
: ) Mobitz I, ) Mobitz II

2 .....67-80%
15-25%
. ()
,,
30 40 1. .

..80%
..15-25%
1.4.6.
,
.
: , ,

" ".

.20-50%
....67%
...15-25%
1.5.
.
.


.
1.6.

...15-25%

:
1)
2)
3)
4) .
1.7. (ICD)

.

38113

 ( )

38114


.50-80%
2.
.

.
, ,
.
,
ST (NSTEMI - non-ST elevation myocardial
infarction), ST (STEMI - ST elevation
myocardial infarction) .
2.1.

Canadian Cardiovascular
Society :
: -
.
.
: -
, ,

. ,
(100-200 m) ,
.
: -
1-2
, .
V: .


:
.....35%
:
..........50%
:
.......67%
IV: ....80%

( , ,
...).

2.2.
2.2.1 ()

 ( )



, .

......35-50%
2.2.2 PRINZMETAL


......35-67%
2.2.3

.
.
:
1.
2. ST
3.
4. ,
5.
.

.....25-40%
2.3. ST
(NSTE-ACS)
, (
),
ST (NSTEMI)

.
2.4. ST
X ST
(>20min).
:
1) 6 .
2)
3) .

...80%
....67%

:
)
) ,, Tl201 , stress echo
)
:
- 50% ..35%
- 50% ...50%
- 35-50%, ............................50%
- 35-50%, ..67%
- <35%, ..................80%

38115

 ( )

38116


- ..........50-80%

2.5.
2.5.1
( STENT)
.

- .... 67%
- : :
1)
........20-30%
2)
) ...50%
) ..67%
3) ...67-80%
2.5.2

.

- 1 ........ 80%
- 2 67%
- : :
1)
........35%
2)
) ...50%
) ..67%
3) ...67-80%
3.
3.1.

,
,
.
.
4-6 cm2.

2

( > 2 cm )....5-10%
2

- ( 1,5 2 cm ).....35%
2

- ( 1,2 1,5 cm )......50%

2

( < 1,2 cm 20 mm
Hg)...67-80%
100 mm Hg....80%
()
.......20-35%
.67-80%

 ( )

.....40%
......67-80%
3.2.

.
, ,
-
,
, .

.

,
...0-5%
, ,

..15-35%
.50-67%
- ,
.80%

..20-35%
......67-80%
. ...80%
3.3.
.
,, ,, .
0.5 cm2.
, , (
).

)
2

1,5-2 cm < 25 mm Hg5-10%

2

1 1,5 cm 25- 40 mm Hg 50%

2

< 1 cm > 40mm Hg....60-80%

) .
....20-35%
...67-80%
3.4.

.
,

().

) ...5-10%
) . < 60 mm >55%.......20-40%

38117

 ( )

38118


) . > 60 mm >55%.. 50-67%

) . > 60 mm <55%......67-80%
( )

, . .20-35%
....67-80%

,
.
3.5.

.
( )
( ,, )
,
.


) ..20-35%
) ...67-80%
(
).20-35%
3.6.

.
,
, ..
:
. .
.


2

) <5 mmHg > 1,5 cm ...25-35%

) >5 mmHg
...50-67%
( )..20-35%
3.7.

.

.
,
,
( ,
).

( )

 ( )

4.
0,9% .
10%
.
: ,
, , ,
, , Fallot
. , ,

.
4.1.
,
. :
.

mm 2-3 cm.


. (
Eisenmenger). 40
1) , 2) 3)
Eisenmenger.

:
,
....10%
,

, 50%
..35-50%

,
50%
Eisenmnger.....80- >80%
(
).
. .10%
.

.....35-50%
. ....67-80%
.

,
, , ,
.

38119

38120

( )

...67->80%
:
. ........10-20%
. .67%
.

.
.
.
. Eisenmenger
.


..35-50%

....67-80%
4.2.

mm2 cm2 ( )
.
,
.
1 cm2/m2 ,
()

( ).

Eisenmenger .

( 1 cm2/m2
).....10%
( 1 cm2/m2 )
, (
), ,
(
Eisenmenger).....67->80%
.
) ....50-80%
) ...20-35%
4.3.
, .
( ).
: , ,
, , , ,
.

 ( )

.

50%
....5-10%

50% .....35-67%

......67->80%

....25- 67%
4.4. ( )

.
( Eisenmenger)
, .

. :
: 1 cm,
/ 2
..........25-50%
: 1 cm, /
2, ,
..67-80%
Eisenmenger.....>80%
(

)
.
4.5.
(95%)
. (25%)
.

( 1-2 mm)
,
.


, .

:
(,
),

.35 - >80%.
:
,
( ),

38121

38122

( )

...
....10-35%.
4.6.
,
.
,
, ,
.
2 cm2/m2 .


........10-20%
( 50 mm Hg).35-50%
( 50 mm Hg)...67-90%
(, ,
)...20-35%
4.7. FALLOT
Fallot 1888 : 1)
, 2) , 3)
4) .

.
: , , , .
20 ..
90% .

:
, ...50->80%

. ........5-35%
. ......50-80%
4.8.
:
1) :
.
,
.


.50-80%
2) :

.
() .

.
3) :
, .

 ( )

, Ebstein,
.
.

( )......35-60%
-
..67 - >80%

.....35-70%
4.9. EBSTEIN
,
.

.
.
.

.......67 - >80%
,...50-70%
4.10.
, ,
().
.


.....50-80%
5.

.
:
1.
,
2. ,
( )
,
, , AIDS, / .
3.

4.
5.

5.1.
() , ,
,
.

38123

38124

( )

,
, , ,
, , 2-8
, , .

- 50 mmHg..35%
- 50 - 70 mmHg....50-67%
- > 70 mmHg....80%

.
5.2.


.

, 1.4.6
6.
,
7.
,
.
8.
:
) (
).
) (
).
,

8.1.


. , /, /
, /

.

- > 55%.............................................................20-35%
- 45- 55%. ............................................................50%
- 35-45%...............................................................67%
- < 35% ................................................................80%
8.2.
(HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
WHO/ISFC / .

 ( )

.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
(15-20%), ,
40-50 . .

- ....35%
- (, ,
, ....67 80%
8.3.

,

.
...80%
8.4. /

(ARVC)

.
.
1:5000
, ,
.. 50%

(, , ),
, 1986 .
( 2%)
, ,
,
.
.

- .....50 67%
- ......80%

38125

38126

( )

9.
9.1.

,
.
, , ,
, ,
, ,

6 ......80%
6
(, ,
) . :
- .

..0%
- .
.
...........80%
- 6 ....67%
6 , . (
).
- ( )
80 90%
- (
, , , , )
35% .
9.2.

,
.
.

.

:
-
-
- ( )
- ( ,
, )
.....50 80%
9.3.

 ( )

.
,
.

, .

.
: ....10 80%.
9.4.

. ( )
,
. 40% (40%) .

- (, , ,
)..........67 80%
- .50 67%
10
.
. 80%
.
10.1.
( -
)

(50% ). 75%
, 20% 5%
.

- .....25 80%
0%

.
, .

.

.

,
.

38127

38128

( )

( , ).
10.2.

. ,
.


.

.
... ..80%

( , , )
...80%
11

( )
.


(, , , , . ).

( ) .
.
12
, ,
. (1964)
4
.
: H .
.

:
. .
V :
. .

.
13. /

 ( )

(IV)
.
(52%) (40%).

.

- .80%

- Zenker

.
. .
( ). 0%

.


(). .
.

Heller.

. .
( ). 0-10%

(, ..)

,
.
..

.
- ()

38129

38130

( )


3-4 .
. .
. 0%

.
1. HCl

2. .
.
3. .
.
.
.
1


.
. 0%
2
1. .
, .

.
. 5%
1. Barrett.
. Barrett
( ).

.
. 0%
2. ( )

3.

 ( )

0-20%



. .
. 0-15% (


- . (, )


.

.
: ,
.
1.
.
2. : ( ).
3. : Menetrier, Zollinger-Ellison.
4. : ,
.

1

1. : .
.
2. : .
( ) ( . 12)
.
3. : , .

1.
2. , , ,
, .
3. , , HCl,
.

38131

38132

( )


- :
0%
- (, .
12) 0%
- Menetrier: ....0%
- Zollinger-Ellison: ( )

:

.

1

. : , ,
.

:

- 2-4 .. 0%

- 30% [30-40 ]

2

- ....50% [2 ]
- . 50% [2 ].

.

.
:
. :
- (, ,
, , Peutz-Jeghers)
- (,
, GIST- )
. ( ).
95% .
: ,
, .
.

 ( )

1
.

:
.

. ().
( ), .

. ().
( )
..50% [2 ] .

2
.
(GIST)
: ( )

..0-10%
.

, , .

. ( ).

. . .
...70 100% ( 5
). 5- ,
.

2
: (, , )

. .
...100%

( )
.
,
.
, .

38133

 ( )

38134


: ,
.
.

.
...0%

.
. (,
, ) (, , GIST:
, ).
Peutz - Jeghers
.
.

1

. : , ,
.
. :
1.
2. ,
3. ( , ). : , , .

(, MRI ),
, .
. Peutz Jeghers: ,
. ( )
.
. : .
.
5 - HT (5-).

1. (flush).
2. ( ).
3. ( , ).
4. ( ).
- : .

. : . .
...0%
. : . .
. ().

 ( )


..67 - 80% ( . 6)
. - GIST:
Imatinib.

..0%
67 - 80% ( . 6)
. Peutz Jeghers:
.
.....0%
. : ,

- , 0-30% ( 5
)
- ...50 70%

.
, ,
(). .

Crohn.
.

1 . .

(1-3) ( ) .
.
.
( )

. 1-3 .

20% ( )

2


4 6 .

( ).
.

.
...40% [2 ].
.

38135

38136

( )

3
( )
-
8-15 , , , , ,
, .

, , , , .
( ), .

. :, , , ,
( 10-).
. :
: , .
: .
: , .
: , , .

2-4%. .
,
, . ,
10.
50 - 80% 1 . ,
0-10%, 35 50%.
- (
)
- ( )
Crohn
.
, .

.
10 - 40 .
: 40% - , 25% , 25% . 15%
.
.
.

1

.
.
1.
2. ,
3. ,
4. ( ).
5. (, )

 ( )

.
1.
2. (, , )
3. ( , )
4. ( , )
5. ( )
6. (, )
7. (, )
8.
: ) , ) (,
), ) , )
) .

,
.

- (. . 6)
- .. ..60% [2 ]
- ....0-10%
-
.
.
( )
.
.
. .
.
.
1.
. , , .
Zenker.
2. 12/
.
3.
.
.
4.
, : , ,
, .
5.
.

38137

38138

( )

: ,
.
,
.

.
.
.
.
.
, . .

.
.
6 .
: , , ( , , ,
), (, ), , .
: A, B, C, D .
.
.
1.

.
, , , , , ,
.

, , .
IgM IgG (-HAV IgM HAV IgG). HbsAg HbeAg,
-Hbc IgM, DNA (HBVDNA). D
.
-DV . C
. -HCV RNA
(HCVRNA). -V IgM
.
.
.

. 3-12
, .
, C,
.
80% [ - 2
]

 ( )

2.
)
: .

, HbsAg, HbeAg
-Hbe HBVDNA (<2000-20000 IU/ml).
(.. ,
, , , ).
.

.
.....0%
)

(.. ,
).
.

, HBVDNA (>2000 IU/ml) , HbsAg.
Hbe (HbeAg )
(HbeAg ) -Hbe.
.

.
. - .

, .
.
...30%
.0%.
) D

. .

, HbsAg, -HDV . To HDVRNA
, .
.

. ,
.

38139

38140

( )


.
.
...30%.
.0%. . 10-20%.
) C

. , .

, -HCV . To HCVRNA
.
.

. .
6 ( 2 3) 12 ( 1 4).

. ,
.
...30%. .0%.
. 10%
)

, , , ,
.

, - (IgG), ,
. - (, SMA, LKM1).
.

. - .
.

.
.
. ,
.
20%, .10%.
( )
.


:

 ( )


) ()
) ()
) ()
)
.

1

. ()
.
. ()
. 20%
. 20%

,
.

, , .

- (6 ) .....60 - 80% [4 ]
- . . 6.

.
.

.
.... ..60 - 80% 4

.

. : , ( ),
, ( ,
), (, Wilson, ),
..
.

1


,
. ,
( , , ).

- - - .
- / .
- .

38141

38142

( )


50% 10.
90%
.... 10-20%

2
( )

- , , , libido
-
-
-
- , ,
- ( )

,
.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5. , -
6.
7.

.
2 . .
....67 - 100%

.
. ,
( ),
.
, ( )

.

1


-
-

:

 ( )

1.
2. ( )
3.
4.


.... 0%
. 6

2


: 1) , ,
, , 2) 3)
.

: .
.
..60% ( 3 )

.

() (-).
.
( ),
C .
(, ).

1

1.
.
2.
3.
4. -

1. 1- ( )
2. (, GT, , )
3.
7. i.v.
8. , -
9.

38143

38144

( )

.
.
.......100%

.
. 90%
.
.

1
.

.

- ........0%
- .. 0%, . . 6.
. . . 6.

2

1. (, - / ,).

. .
.... .30-60% [15 ]
2. .
.

. .
(. . 6)
3. . .
, , , .

. .
(. . 6)
4. . . .

 ( )


. .
(. . 6)
5. ( , , ,
).

. .
.
.....30-60% [15 ]
6. . , .

.
7. . , , , .

.
8. .

. ()
.
.....80-100%


( 5 .).
,
. .

.
: ,
, , , ,
, ( , Kaposi,
, ..).

- 50 - 67% [1 ]. , 10%
.
- , C D ..
, C D .
- ..
.
- . 80%

38145

38146

( )

(, )
.
: , , .

.
:
.
: ,
.
: ,
(), (, , , ..),
(, , , ).
(70%)
: ) ) .
.

1

( )
, , , . :
, , , , ,
shock.

- . .
, . . .
, . . ,
.

- ( ): , 50% [1 ]
- - : . ,
(, ) 50% [1 ]
- ( >8-10 .,
) 35-67% [2-3 , ]

:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
. , .

- ( ) (
) 0%.
- ( )

 ( )


- ,
35-67%

.
:
1. ( ).
2. , , -IPMN.
.
3. ( ).
4. .

1

. .
. (>10 .) ,
.

,
.

. . .
.0%
. . .
(. . 6)

2

.
.
.
.
: , ,
, NaCl .

- . . : (. . 6)
- . .....80 100%

.
90% ,
10% .
.

1

.
1. .

38147

38148

( )


2. , .
3. , .
4. .
5. ( ).
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. ( ) .
10. ().
: ,
(), - (ERCP).

. 6 .
.100%

, ,
.
(
) ,
.

................................................................................................................ 0%


Turner ( )
.
(1.8.2., 1.8.3. 1.8.4.)

.

..............................................................................................................0-5%


1 : (Ca in situ)

.........................................................................................................
10-20%
2

 ( )


2 :

.........................................................................................................
40-50%
2
3 :

...............................................................................................................67%
2
4 : V
()
(V)

...............................................................................................................80%
2

( V)

..............................................................................................................0-5%

................................................................................................................ 0%

.

- ................................................................................................................... 30%
................................................................... 70%
- , , ..................................................................................................... 70%
- ................................................................................................................. 80%
- V ................................................................................................................. 80%
2 .

.................................................................................................... 67%

1 :
..................................................................................................... 40%
2 : IV
..................................................................................................... 80%
2 .

38149

38150

( )

Stein-Leventhal

............................................................................................................... 0%

1 :
40 :

............................................................................................................... 0%
2 :
40
................................................................................................... 0-5%
:

- ,
45 ............................................................................................. 0%
- ,
45 ................................................................................................ 0%
- 45
.............................................................................................................................. 0%
- 45
......................................................................................................................... 0-5%
:

- & .............................................................................................................. 67%
2
- & IV ......................................................................................................... 80%

KE
1.
.
(), ( ) (
). 18,5-24,9 kg/m2,
25-29,9 kg/m2 >30 kg/m2 (, 30-34,9 kg/m2 1
, 35-39,9 kg/m2 2 >40 kg/m2 3 ).
.
1 30-34.9 kg/m2

: .. 0-5%
2 35-39.9 kg/m2:
,
: 10-20%

 ( )


3
. 40-50 kg/m2 :
, ,

: .... >50% (2 )
. 40-50 kg/m2 (
, , ).
. >50 kg/m2:
, ,

: ... >67% (2 )
2. ()

.
.
1
( 1 2) .
: ,.. 5-10%
2
( 1 2) (
, )
: ,.. 10-20%
3
( 1 2) ( , ,
, , , ...)
(:
)

38151

38152

( )




.
,
(.. , , ),
, ,
,
.
.

,
-,
. , ,
,
.
:

(, )

( )

/
/
-
aposi

(
)

L40
O -
,
, , ,
. (2-3 )

 ( )


.
. ,
( , ,
, ). ,
(
).
, .

, (
),
,
(, ,
) .


, , .
( ),
3 , 20%
50% ( ,
). ( PASI score 10,
), 6

,
50-80% [12-24 ].
, .
L20
-
, ,
. 3
(, ).
,
, . ,

.
,
, .
. (,
, ) (,
, ). (
, )
.



.
Gram (+) .
.

38153

38154

( )



(
) 3-6
, ,
20% 50% ( 12 ).
, 3

, 50-67% [6-12
].

.
( [L23] [L24]
)
-
.
.
, , , ,
. , , ,
, , , .


. .

. ,
.

, (>2-3 / ),
,

(, )
3, 10-40% [12
].
L43
-

.

, , .
.

, ,
( ).
.

 ( )


,
, ,
3-6 .
(1-2 ) 20-30%
.
L73.2
-

( , ).
. ,

. . ,
.
, , ,
-F ,
.

,
, .
, , - .

.

,
, 20-50% ( 2-3 ).
L10-14
L13.0 [ DUHRING]
-
,
, , .
.
, ,
.

.
( ).

.

,
6 ,
20-30% [1-2 ].
L10 (, , )

38155

38156

( )


-
, ,

. .
, ,
( , )
.
.
.

/ ,
,
(
).
,
.
, .


, 20-50%.
, >67% ( 1-2 ).
L12.0
L12.1
-
.
/ ,
. 60-70
.
, .

- (, ,
)
.

.

,
,
.

.
, , ,
, , ( ).

25-50%,
.
6- , ,
> 67% ( 1-2 ).

 ( )

L94.0 ( )
-

, , ,
. , ,
, ,
.

.
(
Raynaud), .
,
.
. .
,
.

, , ,
. ,
,
.

,
( 20-40%
). ,
( ).
,
> 67% ( 3 ).

M34.8 BUSCHKE
-

.

.
. .


,
, .
25% 50% 1 2 - .

38157

38158

( )

Q80
-
(
). ,
, ,
( Netherton, KID).
.
()
.


( ).
, , , ,
,
.
,
, .


.

,
, 5-20%.
67%,
67%,
- 3-6 ,
> 67% ( 2-4
).
( ).
Q82.1
-
,
(), (
, ) (
, , ).
DNA
. 5
DNA .
.
,
.


.
, .

 ( )


( )
,
.

, >67%, .
Q81
-

. ,
,
.
. 3
(, ). ,
, ,
.
,

.

.
,
. ,
(>
50% 35 ).

,
5-20%.
, 50-67% ( ).
,
>67% ( ).
Q85.0 von RECKLINGHAUSEN
-
, .
,
( ).

( ) ,
- . ,
, , .
. ,
.

.
, .

.
.

38159

38160

( )


,
10-20%.
, ,
(. ).

E.80.0 ( ,
)
80.1
80.2 ( , )
-
(
). ,
,
.
, , .
: 1) : ,
, (
(-) ), 2) :
, , ,
, (, ).
, , .
, 3) :
( ), (, , ),
(, , ).
, 4) : ,
, , 5) :
, , ,
, . .
.
.

( )
. .

, 50 >67%
. ,
20% 50%
.

Q82.8 (
Meleda)
-

 ( )




, ,
,
.
(
).
, ,
, ,
Meleda.

,

.

.

3
20-50%.

C84
C84.0
C84.1 SEZARY
-
.

.
. ,
. . ,
, , , ,
.

( :
< 10% , : > 10% , :
, : , :
, IV: , IV: ). Sezary:
- .
.
.

(, ,
, ).
,

.

1

38161

38162

( )


.
.

1
, .
. .
.5-10% [ ]
2

. .
.
, , .

. . .
..
...20 - 50% [2 3 ]
3
,
,
, , . Sezary. .

.
.
.
.80-100% [2 ]
C46 KAPOSI (ME )
-
,
,
. (> 60 ).
,
.
, ,
. ,
, , , .
.
,

().
.


. ( ),
,
. ( )
.

 ( )


, ,
, ,
25-50% [1-2 ].
( ),

, > 80% [2-3 ].
C43
C51-52, C60.-, C63.-

-

.
,
.
30-60 .

,
.
. ,
( > 1 mm)
.
Breslow, - -
( = , =
, V= ).
,
5 > 80%. ,

(5 30-70%). (
), 2 .


.
1-12
.
,
.

,
,
. , 2050%
( 12 ). , 80-100%.
C44
(
)
-
(
)

38163

38164

( )


.
,
.
, 5-10%
( ,
).


90%.
(, ) (,
) (
, Bowen in situ ).
(10-20%) ,
, ( )
.
(,
, , , ).

,
,
.
, 20-50% ( 12 )
.
, 80-100%. ,
,
, Merkel.

 ( )




. ,
.

.
.

:

1.

2.
3.


, , :
1.
(International Classification
of Diseases/ICD), (...),
,
,
. , ,
(ICD-10) 1992.
2. ICD-10
3.
.
.
, )

) ,
.

0 4, 0 ,
4 1-2
.
0
1
2
3
4

38165

 ( )

38166


0
4, 0
, (Global
Assessment of Functioning, GAF), 4
, 1-2 .
( GAF)
0 (GAF 81-100)
1
(GAF 61-80)
2
(GAF 51-60)
3
(GAF 31-50 )
4
(GAF 1-30 )
:
% = [( )I ( )II]
100/( )I
=
I=
II=

ICD-10

(International Classification of Diseases/ICD),
(...). , ,
1992.
ICD-10
:
1. :

x (Alzheimer, Pick, , ,
Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Huntington, AIDS ..)

(..): 50-80%
x (deliria)
..
x
x

 ( )


x

, ,
.

..: 50-80%
2.

: , , , , ,
,
,
.
:
x
..
x

x

x
x
x

..: 35-67%

..: 35-67%

( ) ..: 35-67%
:
/ ,

..: 50-80%

..: 50-80%

x ..: 50-80%
.

3. ,
:
x

..: 50-80%

x ..: 50-67%
x
..: 50-67%
x ..: 35-50%
x ..: 35-67%
x ..: 35-67%
x ..: 35-67%
x

4.

38167

 ( )

38168


x ..: 35-50%
x ..: 35-67%

x

..: 35-50%

..: 35-67%

x (, ) ..: 35-50%

x ( ,
)
x

..: 35-50%
5. ,

,
- . :
x ..: 20-30%
x A
..: 20-30%
x A ..: 30-40%
x K
..: 20-30%
x E
..: 20-30%
x M ..: 20-30%

x I-

..: 30-67%
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

O ..: 20-30%
..: 30-67%

..: 20-40%
- ..: 20-40%
-
..: 30-50%
- ..: 20-40%
- ..: 20-40%
-
..: 20-40%
-
..: 20-40%
Ganser
..: 20-40%

..: 30-50%
..: 20-40%

 ( )

x ..: 20-40%
x ..: 20-40%
x ..: 20-40%
x ..: 20-40%
x -
..: 20-40%

6.

:
x ( , )

..: 30-67%
x

..: 20-40%
x

..: 20-40%
x , ,
, , ,
,
..: 20-40%

7.

, ,
, (
),
.
:
x ..: 35-50%
x ..: 35-50%
x () ..: 35-50%
x ..: 20-40%
x ..: 20-40%
x ..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%
x () ..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%

38169

38170

( )

, :
x
..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%
x ..: 20-35%

, :
x ..: 20-30%
x ..: 20-30%
x ..: 20-30%
x ..: 20-30%
x ..: 20-30%
x ..: 20-30%

8.
:
1) ..: 20-30%
2) ..: 30-50%
3) ..: 50-67%
4) ..: 67-80%

9.
:
x (, /
)
..: 20-30%
x (, ,
)
..: 20-30%
x
..: 20-30%
x
..: 20-30%
x ( , ,
Rett, Asperger)
..: 35-67%
10.


:

 ( )


x ( ,
)
..: 20-30%
x :
, ,
,
..: 20-30%
x (
)
..: 20-30%
x :
, ,
,
..: 20-30%
x
: /,
,

..: 20-30%
x (): ,
,
/ Gilles de la Tourette
..: 20-40%
, , :
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

- ..: 20-30%
-
..: 20-30%

..: 20-30%
- ()
..: 20-30%

..: 20-30%
/
..: 20-30%
/
..: 20-30%

38171

 ( )

38172




, .
, .

, .
:
1. .
.
(gross) ,
, (
, ),
, ,
, , .
2. .
, ,
.
, .
3. .

.
,
, ,
.
, .
4. .

( , , ).
, ,
, ,
.

(, ADL).
14 . , .

( ) (,
).

1
,
2

3

4

0
0
0
0

2
2
2
2

4
4
4
4

 ( )

38173


5

7

8

10

11

12
13 ,

14

0
0

1
1

2
2

0
0

1
1

2
2

:
. : 12
8, .
. : 24
12 , .
. : 24
12.
/
,
,
:
+(1-)
( 0,35 35% )
. =0,35 =0,20 55%
48%, 0,35+0,20(1-0,35) = 0,48. ( 10%),
, (0,48)
(0,10), 0,48+0,10(1-0,48) = 0,53
53%.
.
0
1
2
3

 ( )

38174


()

: 0%

: 21-40%

: 41-60%

: 1-10%

: 11-20%

: 1-5%

: 6-15%
,

: 16-30%

: 31-50%

: 11-20%

: 21-40%

: 1-10%

, , )
(

: 41-60%

 ( )

38175


: 1-10%

: 11-20%

: 21-50%

: 51-80%

0
1
2
3
4

)
: 1-5%
: 6-10%
: 11-20%
: 21-50%

(,

)
: 0%
: 1-5%
: 6-15%
: 16-20%
: 21-30%

( (
)
)
: 1-5%
: 6-35%
: 36-50%
: 51-67%

: 1-5%
: 6-10%
: 11-15%

 ( )

38176


0
1
2
3
4

9-12
: 1-10%
: 11-30%
: 31-60%
: 61-100%

: 1-5%
: 6-10%
: 11-30%
: 31-50%

: 0%

: 1-10%

-
(GAF
score 71-100)

: 1-15%

: 11-20%

: 21-35%

-
(GAF
score 70-51)

(GAF score
31-50)

70

: 16-30%

: 31-67%

: 36-50%

-
(GAF score 1-30)

: 68-100%

 ( )

0
1
2
3

: 0%

(.

)
: 1-10%
: 11-20%
: 21-50%

15/10mmHg

30/20mmHg

25/15mmHg
,

,

2 ,

2


,
2 ,

: 1-10%

: 2%

: 51-80%

30/20mmHg,

: 11-20%

10

: 21-50%

15

: 51-80%

15

: 3-4%

: 5-6%

: 7-10%

38177

 ( )

38178


(<5

010)

: 1-3%

(5-7

0-10)

(>7
0-10)

: 4-6%

: 7-10%

: 11-20%

:
.
A. ( grade II
2007):
1. , , (primitive neuroectodermal tumors, PNETs)
, grade III IV, ,
, .
2. .

B. :
1. .
2. .

, ( , , )
, ,
(. ).
: 50-100%

(, )
.
80-100%
.
,
,
,
10% .
.
, ,
, , 80-100%.

 ( )


.

, ,
, ,
(, , ) . ,
,

, .
, ,
.


(ICD-10).
G00-G99. G
. (0-9) 11 (
3).
.
ICD-10 ,

.
:
(G00-G99)
:
G00-G09
G10-G13

G20-G26
G30-G32
G35-G37
G40-G47
G50-G59 ,
G60-G64

G70-G73
G80-G83
G90-G99

: ( P00P96 )
( A00-B99 )
, ( O00-O99 ) .
, ( Q00Q99) , ( E00-E90 )
,

38179

38180

( )


( S00-T98 )
( C00-D48 )
, ,
( R00-R99 )

:
G01*
G02*
G05* ,

G07*

G13*


G22*
G26*
G32*


G46*
G53*

G55*

G59*
G63*
G73*

G94*
G99*

(G00-G09)
G00
:
}

}
:

}
:
(G14.2)
(G14.2)
G00.0
(Haemophilus influenzae)
G00.1
G00.2

 ( )


G00.3
G00.8
:
[Escherichia coli]
Friedlnder
[Klebsiella]
G00.9 ,
:
,
,
,
G01*
:
(22.8+ )
(54.8+ )
(27.-+ )
(32.1+ )
Lyme (69.2+ )
(39.0+ )
(52.1+ )
(02.2+ )

(50.4+ )
(51.4+ )
(17.0+ )
(01.0+ )
:
(G05.0* )
G02*

:
(G05.1-G05.2*
)

G02.0*
:
(87.1+ )
(87.0+ )
[ ] (00.3+ )
(27.-+ )
(05.1+ )
(26.1+ )
(06.0+ )
(01.0+ )
(02.1+ )
G02.1*
:
(37.5+ )

38181

38182

( )


(38.4+ )
(45.1+ )
G02.8*

:
(56.-+ )
Chagas () (57.4+ )
G03

G03.0
G03.1
G03.2
G03.8
G03.9

: }
}

}
}
:
(G04.- )
(G04.- )



[Mollaret]

,
()

G04

,
:

:
(G93.3)
:
(G93.4)
(G31.2)
(G92)
(G35)
:
(G37.3)
(G37.4)
G04.0

}
G04.1
G04.2 ,
G04.8 ,

G04.9 , ,

G05* ,

 ( )



G05.0* ,

, ():
(32.1+ )
(39.8+ )

(50.4+ )
(52.1+ )
(17.8+ )
G05.1* ,

, ():
(85.1+ )
(25.8+ )
(85.0+ )
[ ] (00.4+ )
(J09+, J10.8+, J11.8+ )
(05.0+ )
(26.2+ )
(01.1+ )
(06.0+ )
(02.0+ )
G05.2* ,
:
, ():
(56.-+ )
Chagas () (57.4+ )
(B60.2+ )
(58.2+)
(83.2+)
G05.8* ,

(32.1+)
G06

(95-97), ,
.

G06.0
():
[ ]



:



G06.1
() [ ]

38183

38184

( )


:

G06.2 ,
G07*

:
(06.6+)
(54.8+)

G08

(17.8+)
(65.-+)
:
(17.8+)
(17.1+)

:

}

}

}

}

}
: :
():
(00-07, 08.7)
, (22.5, 87.3)
(67.6)
(G95.1)

(G10-G13)
G10
G11

Huntington
Huntington

: (G80.-)

(G60.-) (E70-E90)
G11.0
G11.1
: 20
:

[ Hunt]

Friedreich ( )

 ( )


G11.2
:
20 .
G11.3 DNA
[Louis-Bar]
: Cockayne (Q87.1)
(Q82.1)
G11.4
G11.8
G11.9 ,
/) /:




G12
G12.0 , [Werdnig
Hoffman] G12.1

[FaziLonde] :

,

, [Kugelberg-Welander]

G12.2
- :

:


G12.8
G12.9 ,
G13*

G13.0*
(C00-C97+)
[Denny-Brown] (C00-D48+)
G13.1*

(C00D48+)
G13.2*
(00.1+, 03.-+)
G13.8*

38185

38186

( )


.

(G20-G26)
G20

Parkinson

Parkinson :

G21
G21.0

( ), , .
G21.1

( ), , .
G21.2

( ), , .
G21.3
G21.8 .
G21.9 ,
G22*
(52.1+)
G23
G23.0
G23.1
G23.2
G23.8
G23.9

: (G90.3)
Hallervorden-Spatz

[Steele-Richardson-Olszewski]



,

: (G80.3)
G24.0
(
), , .
G24.1

G24.2

 ( )


G24.3
: (M43.6)
G24.4

G24.5
G24.8
G24.9 ,

G25
G25.0

: (R25.1)
G25.1
( ),
, .
G25.2

G25.3

(
), , .
: (G51.4)
(G40.-)
G25.4
(
), , .
G25.5

: (I02.0)
Huntington (G10)
(I02.-)
Sydenham (I02.-)
G25.6 ( )

(
), , .
: de la Tourette (F95.2)
(F95.9)
G25.8

G25.9 ,
G26*
.

(G30- G32)
G30

Alzheimer

38187

38188

( )

G30.0
G30.1
G30.8
G30.9
G31

:

:
(G31.1)
(F03)
(R54)
Alzheimer
:
65
Alzheimer
:
65
Alzheimer
Alzheimer,
,

: Reye (G93.7)
G31.0
Pick

G31.1 ,
: Alzheimer (G30.-)
(R54)
G31.2
:

G31.8
[Alpers]
( ) Lewy ()()

[Leigh]
G31.9 ,
G32*

G32.0*

:
12 (53.8+)
G32.8*

(G35- G37)

 ( )

G35

G36
G36.0

G36.1
G36.8
G36.9

():






: (G04.8)
[Devic]

:
(H46)
[Hurst]

,

G37
G37.0

Schilder
: [Addison-Schilder] (E71.3)
G37.1
G37.2 .
G37.3


:
(G35)
[Devic] (G36.0)
G37.4
G37.5 [Bal]
G37.8
G37.9 ,

(G40- G47)
G40

: Landau-Kleffner (F80.3)

(R56.8) status epilepticus (G41.-)

Todd (G83.8)
G40.0 () ()

38189

38190

( )



G40.1 () ()



G40.2 () ()
.
,

G40.3
():

()

[] grand mal

:


:





G40.4
:

Lennox-Gastaut
Salaam

West
G40.5

[
Kozhevnikof]
:




stress
G40.6 grand mal, ( petit
mal) G40.7 Petit mal, , grand
mal. G40.8

G40.9 ,

 ( )


():



G41 Status epilepticus [ ]
G41.0 Grand mal status epilepticus
status epilepticus ( )
: [ Kozhevnikof] (G40.5)
G41.1 Petit mal status epilepticus
status
G41.2 status epilepticus ( )
G41.8 status epilepticus ( )
G41.9 Status epilepticus ( ),

G43

G43.0
G43.1

G43.2
G43.3
G43.8

G43.9
G44

( ), , ,
.
: (R51)
[ ]
[ ]
:




:



(status migrainosus)

:
(G50.1)

(R51)
(G50.0)
G44.0

38191

38192

( )

G44.1
G44.2

G44.3
G44.4
G44.8

G45
G45.0
G45.1
G45.2
G45.3
G45.4
G45.8
G45.9

:


,

,

( ), , .

: (P91.0)
-
()
[,
, ]


: (R41.3)

,

G46* (I60I67+) G46.0* (I66.0+)

G46.1* (I66.1+)
G46.2* (I66.2+)
G46.3* (I60-I67+)
:
Benedikt
Claude
Foville
Millard-Gubler
Wallenberg
Weber
G46.4* (I60-I67)
G46.5* (I60I67) G46.6*

 ( )


(I60-I67) G46.7* (I60-I67*)
G46.8*
(I60-I67)

G47

: (F51.5)

(F51.-) (F51.4)
(F51.3)
G47.0
[]
G47.1

[]
G47.2 -

.
G47.3
:


: Pickwick (E66.2)
(P28.3)
G47.4
G47.8
Kleine-Levin
G47.9 ,
,
(G50- G59)
: ,
-
}

} (M79.2)

(O26.8) (M54.1)
G50
G50.0
G50.1
G50.8
G50.9
G51

:
5





, .

: 7
G51.0 Bell

38193

38194

( )



G51.1
: (B02.2)
G51.2 Melkersson
Melkersson-Rosenthal
G51.3
G51.4
G51.8
G51.9 ,
G52

G52.0
G52.1

G52.2
G52.3
G52.7
G52.8
G52.9

[ ]
: :
[8 ] (H93.3)
[2 ] (H46, H47.0)
(H49.0 H49.2)

1

9


[10 ]

12



,

G53*
G53.0* (B02.2)
:


G53.1*
(A00-B99+)
G53.2* (D86.8+)
G53.3*
(C00-D48+) G53.8*

G54

: -

(M50-M51)
(M79.2)
:
}

 ( )

G54.0
G54.1
G54.2
G54.3
G54.4
G54.5
G54.6
G54.7
G54.8
G54.9

}


}(M54.1)
}

}
)

}
(M47.-)



,

,

Parsonage-Aldren-Turner

.
.


,

G55*
G55.0*
(C00-D48+)
G55.1*
(M50-M51+)
G55.2* (M47.-+)
G55.3* (M45-M46+, M48.+, M53-M54+)
G55.8*

G56
G56.0
G56.1
G56.2
G56.3
G56.4
G56.8
G56.9
G57

:

G57.0
: :

38195

38196

( )

G57.9

(M54.3)
(M51.1)





B


Morton


,

G58
G58.0
G58.7
G58.8
G58.9

G57.1
G57.2
G57.3
G57.4
G57.5
G57.6
G57.8

G59*
G59.0* (E10-E14+
.4) G59.8*

(G60- G64)
: (M79.2)
(M79.2)

(O26.8) (M54.1)

G60
G60.0
:
. Charcot-Marie-Tooth
. Djerine-Sottas
, I-IV

( ) ( )
Roussy-Lvy
G60.1 Refsum
G60.2
G60.3
G60.8

Morvan

Nelaton

 ( )


:


G60.9 ,
G61
G61.0 Guillain-Barr
(-)
G61.1

( ), , .
G61.8
G61.9 ,
G62
G62.0

( ), , .
G62.1
G62.2

( ), , .
G62.8

(
), , .
G62.9 ,
.
G63*
G63.0*

():
(A36.8+)
(B27.-+ )
(A30.-+ )
Lyme (A69.2+ )
(B26.8+ )
(B02.2+ )
, (A52.1+ )
, (A50.4+ )
(A17.8+ )
G63.1* (C00-D48+)
G63.2* (E10-E14+ .4)
G63.3* (E00E07+, E15-E16+, E20-E34+, E70-E89+)
G63.4* (E40-E64+)
G63.5* (M30M35+) G63.6* (M00-M25+,

38197

38198

( )


M40-M96+) G63.8*
(N18.8+)
G64

(G70- G73)
G70
G70.0

G70.1

G70.2
G70.8
G70.9

G71

: (A05.1)
(P94.0)


( ), , ,
.


( ), ,
.


,

:
(Q74.3) (E70E90) (M60.-)
G71.0
:
, , Duchenne
Becker
[Becker]
[Emery-Dreifuss]






[Duchenne]
: :
. (G71.2)
. (G71.2)

 ( )


G71.1

[Steinert] :



:

[Thomsen]
[Becker]
[Isaacs]

( ), , ,
.
G71.2
:
.

:




:
()

G71.3 ,
G71.8
G71.9 ,

G72

: (Q74.3)
(M33.-)

(M62.2)

(M60.-)
(M33.2)
G72.0

( ), , .
G72.1
G72.2

( ), ,
.

38199

38200

( )


G72.3
():




G72.4 ,
G72.8
G72.9 ,

3.10.4.
G73*

G73.0*
:
(E10-E14+ .4)
[] (E05.-+)
G73.1* Eaton-Lambert (C80+)
G73.2* (C00-D48+)
G73.3*
G73.4*
G73.5*
:
(E21.0-E21.3+)
(E20.-+)
(E05.+)
G73.6*
:
(E74.0+)
(E75.-+)
G73.7*
:
(M05-M06+)
(M34.8+)
Sjgren (M35.0+)
(M32.1+)

(G80- G83)
G80

: (G11.4)
G80.0 ( )

G80.1 ( )

 ( )

G80.2
G80.3

G80.4
G80.8
G80.9

()

( )

G81

: ,
() ()
,
.


.
: (G80.-)
G81.0
G81.1
G81.9 ,
G82

G82.0
G82.1
G82.2
G82.3
G82.4
G82.5
G83

: ,
() ()
,
.


.
: (G80.-)


,




,


: ,
() ()
,
.

38201

38202

( )

G83.0
G83.1
G83.2
G83.3
G83.4

G83.8
G83.9

.
: ()(),
G80- G82

()





,


:
(G95.8)

Todd
,

(G90- G99)
G90
G90.0
G90.1
G90.2
G90.3
G90.4
G90.8
G90.9
G91

G91.0
G91.1
G91.2
G91.3

:
(G31.2)


[Riley-Day]
Horner
Bernard(-Horner)

[Shy-Drager]
: (I95.1)
.

,

:
:
. (Q03.-)
. (P37.1)



,

 ( )


G91.8
G91.9 ,
G92

( ), , .

G93
G93.0

: (P91.1)
(Q04.6)
G93.1 ,
: :
(O00-O07, O08.8)
(O29.2, O74.3, O89.2)
(T80-T88)
(P21.9)
G93.2
: (I67.4)
G93.3

G93.4 ,
: :
(G31.2)
(G92)
G93.5
} }
()
: () (S06.2)
. (S06.3)
G93.6
: :
(P11.0)
(S06.1)
G93.7 Reye

( ), , .
G93.8

( ), ,
.
G93.9 ,
G94*
G94.0*
(A0099+)

38203

38204

( )


G94.1* (C00-D48+)
G94.2*
G94.8*

G95
G95.0
G95.1

G95.2
G95.8

G95.9

: (G04.-)


()(
)

: ,
(G08)
,

:



( ), , .
: :
(N31.9)
(G83.4)

(N31.-)
,

G96
G96.0
: (G97.0)
G96.1 ,
()( )
G96.8
G96.9 ,
G97

G97.0
G97.1
G97.2
G97.8
G97.9 ,

 ( )

G98

G99*
G99.0*

(E85.-+)
(E10-E14+

.4)
G99.1*

G99.2*

(M47.0+) :
(M50.0+, M51.0+)
(C00-D48+)
(47.-+ )
G99.8*
.

38205

38206

( )

1.
(.. . Klippel- Feil,
, . .) (, , ..),
(, ..), ( ..)
( , ..)

,
.
,
.
( )
.
,

.

1.1.

0%

1.2. (,
,
)

10%

1.3.
( ,
15 ,

)

20%

1.4.
( ,
,
)

30%

1.5.

30%- 40%

1.6.

50%

1.7.

67%

 ( )

38207

,

.

.
2.

2.1.

0%

2.2. (
)

10%

2.3. (..
)

20%

2.4.

30%

,
.3.
3.
3.1
,
.

3. 1.1.

>80%

3.1.2.

>80%

3. 1.3.
()

80%

3. 1.4.
.

67%

3. 1.5.

50%

3.1.6.

25%

3.1.7.

40%

3. 1.8.

30%

38208

( )


3.1.9. (
)

10%

3. 1.10. ( )

30%

3..1.11.

30%

3. 1.12.

25%

3.1.13.

40%

3. 1.14. + + V

40%

3. 1.15.

30%

3. 1.16.

50%

3. 1.17.

40%

3. 1.18.

50%

3. 1.19.

80%

.


. .
3. 2 -
- -
. ,
.
(, , )
.

.
.

3.2.1.

0%

3. 2.2. 10%
3. 2.3.

20%- 30%

 ( )

38209

3. 2.4. >6
> 20 >20

10%

3. 2.5.

10%- 20%

3. 2.6. >15 > 3

5%

3. 2.7.

10%

3. 2.8.
)1-5 ,
)
) , , )

0%
10%
25%

3. 3.

.

3. 3.1. ( 30,
45, 20)

30%

3. 3.2.

40%

3. 3.3. - :
) >90 >20
) <90, <20

10%
20%

3. 3.4.

10%

3.3.5.

20%
40%

3..3.6. (80-100
, - )

25%

3. 3.7.

40%

3. 3.8. -
) <60, 120
) >60, 90 (
- )

10%
20%-25%

38210

( )


3.3.9.

30%

3. 3.10.

20%

3. 3.11.

10%

3. 3.12.

15%
30%

3. 3.13. (
30 )

0%-10%

3. 3.14.

20%

3. 3.15. , ,

10%-20%

3. 3.16.

0%

3. 3.17.

10%

3. 3.18.

5%-10%

3. 3.19.
, ,
.
3.3.20. , :
()
) (15%)
) (10%)
) (10%)

0%-35%

3.4.

3. 4.1. ( ,
)

67%

3. 4.2. (Duchenne-Erb)

50%

3. 4.3. (Klumpke)

50%

3. 4.4.

20%

 ( )

38211

3. 4.5.

10%

3. 4.6.

15%

3.4.7.
)

)
( )

30%
20%

3. 4.8.

25%

3.4.9.

( )

( )

35%
15%

3. 4.10.

40%

3.4.11.

50%

3. 4.12.

50%

3.4.13.

50%

. (
) 10%.
3. 5. .

.
3. 6. .

, , , ,
.


,
.
4. .
4.1.

4.1.1

>80%

4.1.2
( )

80%

38212

( )


.
4.1.3

67%

4.1.4

67%

4.1.5

50%
70%

4.1.6 Chopart ( )
Lisfranc ()

30%
50%

4.1.7

10%

4.1.8

15%

4.1.9

5%

4.1.10
.

10%

4.1.11

15%

4.1.12

20%
30%

4.2. - - -
- -
.
(, , )
.

4.2.1

50%

4.2.2

30%

4.2.3. 2 .
3-4
5-6
6-10

0%
10%
20%
30%

 ( )


>10 , ( )

4.2.4
)1-5 ,
)
) , , )

35-50%
0%
15%
25%

4.3.

43.1.
( 15, 0-10 0)

35%

4.3.2.

50%

4.3.3.

70%-80%

4.3.4. -
) : > 90
-

10%
20%

) : < 90
,

30%
40%

) :

40%
60%

4.3.5. -

50%

4.3.6.

20%
40%

4.3.7. - -

38213

38214

( )

4.3.8. (
10-15)

4.3.9. -
) : 0-120 , ,

) : 10-90, , ,

: 30-90, ,

4.3.10.

4.3.11.
()

(- )
10% .

10%
15%

30%
80%
40%
67%

5%
10%
15%
30%

20%
40%
20%
40%

0%
10%
+10%

4.3.12.

10%

4.3.13.

10%

4.3.14. ( )

0%-10%

4.3.15.

15%

4.3.16. (, )

5%-10%

 ( )

38215


4.3.17.

15%

4.3.18.

( ,
, )

20%-35%
40%

4.3.19. -

5%-10%

4.3.20.
(, )

0%

4.3.21

5%
15%

4.3.22.

0%
10%

4.3.23.

4.3.24. , ,

0%

10%-15%

4.4

4.4.1.

80%

4.4.2.

15%

4.4.3.

15%

4.4.4.

35%

4.4.5. ()

50%

4.4.6.

30%

4.4.7.

10%-15%

4.4.8.

30%

38216

( )

( ) .

.
4.5 .

.
4.6.

,
,
.
5.

(- ), (- )
.

5.1.

0%

5.2
5.3

80%
67%

80%

.
6.
6.1.

/ ,
.

,
,
(, , .)
< 120
30%-40%

 ( )


6.2
, , .Paget :

.

38217

38218

( )


--
1.
,

.
.

15%
(, )10-15%
20-40%
, ,
60%
2.


.

5-20%

,
.
.
5-10 % (,
)

.
,
.
50%

20-30% (,
)
3.

18%
7% .
,
, .

. (. )
50-70%

.
20-30%

 ( )


.
60-70%
4.

:
) : 1) , 2)
,3) 4) ,
5) , 6).
( )


. ,
.
.
20-30 % (,
)


. .
.
20-30 % (,
)

-
) : 1) , 2), 3) , 4)
.
40-50% (,
)

.
()

,

. .

( 5.2 - )

, ,
,
. (, ).
5-10%

.
( , ( 5.2 )

38219

38220

( )

,
.
(
- , , )
( ), ,
,
.

.

( ) , ,
.
.
.
.
. 3
5 .
, , ,
,
.

.
:
.
,
, .
.
20-30 ,
, , .

.
(- ).
,
.
().
: (), ( ),
(), , (, ,
), , , , .
. .
Meniere.
( ).
. .
(, , ).
. .
.
.

 ( )

38221


.
( )
, ().
.
(
) .

.


.
, ,
(discrimination score).
dB , ,
, , .
,
, ..
.
, .

( ).

, :

, .
,
0%
..5-10%
10-15%
.15-20%
20-25%
:

II

III

I.

II.

10

III.

IV.

10

IV

VI

10

20

25

15

20

25

30

15

20

25

30

35

20

25

30

40

45

38222

( )

V.

20

25

30

40

50

60-70

VI.

25

30

35

45

60-70

70-80

.
.. 80%
,
:
<40% +8%
40-60% +5%
.

.
>60% +3%

:
+5%
+3%
( ) +5-10%
+15-60% (. 5.1.1.)
+30% (.5.3.6.)
+5%
+205 (.5.1.2.)
- ( ) +40%

.
, ,
, , , , .
,

, .
. ,
, ,
.
,
, , (),
(MRI) -
. MRI
(
,
.

.

 ( )



: 1) , , , 2)
, 3)
, 4) , 5)
, 6) , 7)
, 8) , , 9)
, 10) , 11)
, 12) , 13)
(, , , ), 14) ,
.
1. Meniere ( )
, ,
, ,
.
3 :
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- : , , .
.
- : ,
.
.

.
.
( ,
)
(4-5) .
,

.
.
.
.
.
.60-70%
2.

Meniere
- : , .
- :
.
- .
60-70%
3.
Scarpa

.
-

38223

38224

( )


. 1-2 .
.
.30-40% ()
4.
.
/
,
. .
.
,
.
20%
.
. (, , ..)
. .
.
, , 6
2 .
..20-30 %
5
Meniere .
.
.35-40%
6.

.
. .
, .

1) (- ,
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30-40%
-

.

( ).
,
.
, .

.

.
,
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(+) (+) 20% .

)
>20%.

( ) .
.
.
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1.
.
,
*
.

...10%
2.
.
.
*

, .
.

- ...1015%
- ...2030%
- .
...10%
- (
)....30%
- (
)......40%

38225

38226

( )

3
.
.
*
.

...0%
4.
*
.

....0%
5.
.
.
-


...10%
6. ()
.
(, , , ).
*


.........................
...30%
7.
.
.
*
.

.......10%
8.

.....10%
9.
, , , Wegener
, .
10. .

 ( )


.




CT
*
.

.....10-15%
( ,
).
1.
*
.

( )
.....10-15%

.30%
12
.

*
.

......10%
13
.
- : 30% ( , , ).
( ,,
, Rendu Osler Weber).
*
.

.........10-40%
14.

1. 2. 3, 4. 5,
6..
*
.

......10-30%
.. , , .

38227

38228

( )

1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

*
C.T.
*
, (
.).
, , .
, ,
.

..70-80%
5/ 30% 1, 4, 5, 6 .

-
1.

.

-
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-
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-
.....5-10%
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)
.40%
)
( )
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-
( , )
.20%
-
..............20%
- (-)- ,

.......5-10%
2. - - -

 ( )





.....50%

......15-20%

. ..20-30%
( )


..50%
( )
(- ).
.
.....20-30%
3.
.

*


...10%


*


......15-20%

1. 2.
*
-
, ( . )
1,2 ,
3.
4. 5. .
.

.....60-70%
1 2 -

..80%

38229

38230

( )


4. -

1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. ,
6..
*
, .
( ) :
.
*


....40%

1. , 2. , 3.on Hodgkin .
*
-
, - (
20% )

.......70-80%
-
1. , 2. .
5/ 20% 1 , 2 40%
*
.

.......80%
-
: .
: , .
: & , ,
. , C.T. , M.R.I..
*
. - .
..
....80%

1.
(, , , )

( ) .

.- .

 ( )



-
......10-15%
-
......10-15%
-
...20-30%
-

....60-70%
-
.....50-60%
-
.....30%
-
...........40%
2.
*

......60-70%
3 -
.

.
*
, .
-
.....20-30%
-
...40-50%
4.
.
.
-
.

......20%

5. REINKE
.
.
-

38231

38232

( )



..0-10%
6.
.
.
-


....0-10%
7.
-

.

....10-20%
8.
.
.
-
.
...10-20%
.9.
...10-15%
10.
(, , ..)
,
.

1.
...10%
2.
.....20%
3. 35-45%
11.
.
( .. , , , , )
.
:
30%
70%

:
: & , ,
, C.T. , M.R.I..

 ( )

.:
1
(1,,) . .

. ( laser) .
.
2
(2,1,) .
, , , .

. () .
3
(3,2.) ,
, , 3 .
, , , .

( ). .
().
: 1) , 2) , 3) .
4
(4,3,1) .
.
. , , ,
.

. . . .
.7080%
-
,
.
maximum 1 2 . ( ,
, , , )
, .
12

...20%

..50%
50-68%
.....60-70%

38233

38234

( )

13.

.
1) , 2) , 3) .



.....20%
-


.

.20-30 %


.
.
.
2 : 1. , 2.
, 3. , 4. ---.
: ( ) BERA (
), , C.T. , M.R.I. .
: & , ,
, C.T. , M.R.I..

.

, , , .
(BROCA) (
WERNICKE ) ,
.
: , , , BERA, C.T. , M.R.I.
.


..20-30%
( )
.

 ( )


. . .
.



....10-20%

.
, .
: , .

. ,
.

....10-30%
.
.
.

.

10-20%

.

. , (
) ( ).


..10-30%

38235

38236

( )



1.
1.1.
.
. , .. , ,
, , .
, ,
(Wermer 1, Sipple 2)
.
. , .. ,
( )
, ,
1 2.
. ,
,
. ,

.
.
1
,
.


, .. , , .
.0%
2
, ..
, , ,
.
T .
3
K .

,
,

, .
0%
,
, .

,
:
60-80%

 ( )



,
( , ).
1.2.
.
. .. Zenker, , ,
( ), , ,
Barrett
.
. .. (
).
.
.
1

, .. , ,
.

.
0%
2
(..
, ,
)

0-10%
3
.
,
.

.
67-80%
, ..=60% . .=50%
..=30% .
1.3.
1) : ,
.
0%
2) :
.
0-20%
3) :
- .
30%-50%
.
4)

38237

38238

( )



.
:
67% 6 ,
( ) 1
, ,
.
5 .
:
67-80%
5)

()
, .
30%
6) :


7) )
, ) , )
,
.
10-20%
8) Dumping ( ):

.

20-30%
9) : 8-12
20%
.
20%
1.4. .
:
, , ,
, , , ,
Hirschsprung. , - ,
. .
1/3 . 330
,
80% , 500 ,
.
1) 3 ,
, .
35-55%
2) :
.
.
0%

 ( )


3) 12/: - -
.
:
0%
4) 12/: , 12/
.
:
0%
(
) ,
:
30%
5) : ,
Billroth II ( ).
,
.
.
.40- 50%
0%
6) :
.
50%
7) :
, :
50%

.
30-50%
1.5.
. ( , Crohn,
, Gardner,
Peutz- Jeghers). (, ,
).
. ( , ,
).
. .

1
.
-
.
0%
2
Y (>50%) -
(100%) ( , ...)

:
10%-30% 50%
.

38239

38240

( )


3

30%-50%
4


.
:
67% 3 ,
( ) 1
, ,
.
5 .
, ..

:
80%
1.6.

)
)
) , 12/,
)
.
0%

) .
0%
) :

.
.20%[1]

1
.
(100-200../24).
.
10%
2
. 300 ..
. 12/.
.
20-40%

12/ ,
Vater,
. :
50-80%

 ( )


.
1.7.
()
:
1.
2.
3.
4. .

.

1
.
.

.
0%
2
,

( ).
10-30%[1 ]
3
,
. ,
( ) .
50-80%[2 ]

(.1.1.2.).
1.8.
. .. , , , ,
. ,
, , , Caroli,
. .
. .. ,
.

1
, ..
, .

.
0%
2
( , )
.
-

38241

38242

( )


20-40% (6
)
3
, ,
:
4
.
(/ )
.. ,
, , ..

50-80% ,>80%

1.9. -


1


.
0%
: :
0%
2
, ,

. ,
, .
, ,

( 3) (
) :
20%
. :
...10- 30%
/

30-40%
1.10.

1. ( ), ,
( Gardner), Zollinger-Ellison (),
, (WDHA )
/ .
2. , (..
).

 ( )


(.. ,
, , ..) (.. Gardner,
Turcot, )

.

1
(
). ,
. , Peutz-Jeghers.

.
0%
2
, ,
(.. )
.

20% (1
)
3
, ..
( ),
Gardner (
). , .. ,
, .

, .
50%-80%
2.
2.1.
,
( - - - ..).
1.1.4,
3.9.2..

1
, ,
.

, .
0%
2

38243

38244

( )



, (..
) (.. )

.


1-2 .
(
).
50% [1 ]
30-50%
60%[2 ] 2
3
, ..
. (. )
,
.

. ,
1-2 .
, ( 2).
.40-67% [2 ]
..
.
- 30%
2.2.
: 1)
( ),
. 2) (
- - ).

1

.
0%
2
- - (
).
10-20%
3
. (
) .
. ,
,
.

 ( )


30-50%
2.3. Raynaud

( ) .

1
.
0%
2
.
..20-30%
3

.
..30-50%
2.4.
.
.
( - ).
.
.







1
.
10-30%
2
- .
.
30-50%
3
50 .
.
50-67%
4
- .
.
67-80%

50% 1
2.5.
: , .

38245

38246

( )


: , ,
- ( )
: , .

1
.
..
2

,
20-50%
3
-
.
40-67%
4
, ,

67-80%
35-50%
..
2.6. -
1) ( ),
(..
), (..
),
, , .. ,
.
2) ( , ,
, , ..)
.
.
(.. Doppler, Triplex ),
- .
..
, ,
.

1
,
.
, ,
(..
).
(amaurosis fugax)
.

 ( )


,
.
.
0-10%
2

,
,
.

.
.
, ,
, .
.. .


3
,
.

. ,
. .
67-80%

67%

50%
10-20%
>50-100%
50-80%
[,]

.......30-50%
1


<5cm 0-10%
>5cm 50-80%

/
.35-50%
.

38247

38248

( )

3
.
. : - , ,
, .*
. ( ),
.

1
(, , ).

.

..
*

2
( ) .

.
0%
3
(). (
),
, , .

.
:
67% 3 ,
( ) 1
, ,
.
5 .
:
67%-80%


. :
30-50%

 ( )



-
,
.

.

.
,
:
. (30 - 50 ml/min) 25%
.
(15 30 ml/min)
50%
. (< 15 ml/min.
)
67-100%
.

. 1 >80%
.

50 - 67%
.
.




- (- - ). 1/3

.
.
,
. 1
40%
. 1
.
25%
( )
. .
67-100%
. .
.

.
(RF-)


40%
. 1
. 1
.
25%
( )

38249

38250

( )


. .
67-100%
. .
.

.


.

. ,

,
.
.


. 1
40%
. 1
.
25%
( ).

(
)
. .
67-100%
. .
.




()
( -
)
.
.
, ,
.

.
30%
.
10%
.
-

( )

 ( )


.
(
). .

() .
.
.
0%

.

.

/ /

( ) (.
) (.
) .
.
(. , ) .

.
. ,
,

.
.
rmond


( ).

(. , )
.
.
( ) .
15%
.
( )
.
.

50%
.
.

67-100%

38251

38252

( )


.

- .
.

.
.


.
. ,
,
, .

.
.


0%
.

.


.
.
.

.
.

0%
.

.
.

50%

. PSA
.
15 .

.

.
.
.
.
25%

 ( )


. ( , ,
)
25%
.
40%
.
67-100%
.
67-100%.
.
80-100%

.
.

.
. 3 .
, , .

.

.
.
.



.
() ,
.
(
)
. .
.
.
.

. .
.

15-25%
.
25-35%


10%
.
.
( )
.
40-80%

38253

38254

( )



10%
.
.
.
80-100%
.

67-100%
.
.


.

.

,
,
,
.

( )

. International Continence Society (ICS)

. .
( ) (
).
.
. .

x
.
.
x
.
.
20%
. ,
1.

x

.
x

 ( )






30-67%



40.
.
.

,
. 2
.
,
.
.
/
30%
. .
15%
. /

67-100%
. .
15-67%

.

5%

50
40%
50
30%


.
.
. 40%
.
67%
.
67-80%
.
67-100%
.

40%

38255

38256

( )


.

.


.
, .
.

<60
30%
>60
20%
40%
PEYRONIE
Peyronie 1/3
.
10%

.


.
.
. , (
),
.
.

. ,

0%
.
( )
5%
.
.
10%
.
.
15%

.
, ,
. ,
. ,
, , . .

.

.

 ( )




40-80%

38257

 ( )

38258



()
,

.

.
:

5/10
4/10
3/10
2/10
1-2/10
1/10
1/20
< 1/20

5/10
0
5
10
10
15
20
25
25
25

4/10
5
10
15
15
20
20
30
30
35

3/10
10
15
20
30
35
35
40
45
45

2/10
10
15
30
30
35
40
45
50
55

1-2/10
15
20
35
35
45
50
55
60
60

1/10
20
20
35
40
50
60
70
85
85

1/20
25
30
40
45
55
70
85
90
95

< 1/20
25
30
45
50
60
85
90
95
100

25
35
45
55
60
85
95
100
100

x 300
x 100
x
x
x
x
x
x *
x *

(%)

5
20
10
80
5
10
25
50
25
30
50
10 ( )
25 ( )

* 3 ,
2 10%

 ( )

x
x
x
x

(%)
50
70
30
70

:
,

.
:
()
,
. : 90% 1/20
.
, ( ).
,


.
.
, ,

. , ,
:
o ( )
: : 35% - : 50%
o ( ,
)
: : 35% - : 50%
o
: 50% ( 1 ) - 80% ( )
o -
: : 15% - : 30%

38259

 ( )

38260

o -
: : 25% - : 50%
o
( 1 ): : 67% - : 80%
o
( 1 ): : 35% - : 80%
o ( )
( 1 ): : 20% - : 50%
o ( laser)
( 1 ): : 25% - : 50%
o lattice
( 1 ): : 10% - : 40%
o
: 50%
o
: 10%
o
: 67% ( ) 30% ( )

 ( )



,
, , ,
.
1.
-
, , , , ,
.

1
,
, , /, Raynaud,
. .
,
.

,


.
, .

.....50-67 %
2
,
(, , ),
( , , , ),
(, , ), ( , ,
), ( , ), .


, .

-


, ......................>67%
(., ,
, ...),

38261

38262

( )


( , )
(. )

2.
-
, , ,
.
Raynaud.
( )
( CREST) .
, ,
( , ), , ,
.


. , ,
.

.

25 50%.
, ..
>80%.
,
>67% -100 % [3 - ]
3. -
-
, , .
. ,
, , ,
, ( ,
) .
.


.

.

 ( )


, , >67%.
20-40 %. 67-80% [2-4 ].

.
4.
, ,
-

, ,
,
( ,
), .
,
. ,

.

,
,
2/3 ,
. ,
,
, .


.

50-67 %.
.
.
/ . .
.
.


, >67% -100 % [3
- ].
. .
5. ( ,
, - , Wegener,
Kawasaki, Churg-Strauss Henoch-Shonlein, Behcets)
-

38263

38264

( )


, , ,
,
( -Behcets )
, .
.
.

/ ,
,
.
- , ..
-Behcets,
,
-Behcets ...


.......................>67%
(., , ,
, ...)
(. ).
6.
.
,
.

.
. .
/ . .
7.
,
.
.

,

(. ).
8.

.
, )
(. ), )

 ( )


(.
).

38265

38266

( )



1.
.

. .
: .
2.
.
.
: .
3.
(, ,
) .

.
.
: .
4.
(, Grawitz, )
,
.
8%.

(, , ,
, , , )
10-40% .

5 45%.
65%.

-
..50-67%
( .20-30%)
- , , ...80% 80%
5.

.


.
: (,
/ , )
20%,
, .
6.

 ( )

38267


. : 3 ,
/
( , (>300mg 24)) /
() / GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
3 .
(e-GFR) :
1 : Cockcroft and Gault
eGFR={(140-) x )/(72 x mg/dl)} x 0,85

MDRD Study equation
eGFR = 186 x ( mg/dl)-1,154 x ()-0,203 x (0.742
)
MDRD Cockroft and
Gault .
.
.
1 2 ( 90 ml/min 60-89 ml/min )

.
. 0%
3 ( 30-59 ml/min)


10-20%
4 ( 15-30 ml/min)
, , , , .

.
35-67%
5 ( <15 ml/min)
80%
()

<15ml/min
80%

7.
: ,
, .
.

- .
80% [2 ]
- 50 - 67%
- / 80%

38268

( )




. , .

, ,


.
,
,
,
, ,
,
. ,
, , .

,

.
;
,
. ,
, , ,

.
:
.
.
.
.


1
.
FEV1.


( )
.................................................................35 50% (2 )
2

,
. FEV1

, .

 ( )




.
................................................................50 67% (2 )
3

,
, FEV1 30% . FEV1 >30% .
. , FEV1,
.


'
, , .
...............................................................80% (' ).

38269

38270

( )


E
1.
.
Pb.
.
1



Pb <40 mg/100ml, -ALA 0,6 mg/100ml

,
.
.
20%
2

, .

Pb 40-80 mg/100ml, -ALA 0,2 mg/100ml.
( b)

,
(3 ) .
20-50% [3 ]
3

, , .

Pb 80-120 mg/100ml, -ALA 2-4 mg/100ml.


. EDTA
.
50-67% [1-2 ]
4

, , , , , , , ,
.

Pb 120 mg/100ml, -ALA > 4 mg/100ml.

.
.
67% [2-3 ]
2.
.

 ( )



.
.
1

, .
, .

Hg .


.
......... 35% [3 ]
2

, , , , ,
, . , .
, . ,
. .

Hg . .

. BAL EDTA.
50% [1-3 ]
3.
.

, , ,
,
.
.
1

, , , .

. <10mg/L.

.
. 20%
2

, ,
. >10mg/L
.

,
20-50% {1 }
3
60%.

38271

38272

( )



2_ 200-499 mg/L.


50-67% {2 }
4
, , .

500-999% mg/L.

.
.67% { 2 }
4.
.

, .
1

, ().

.


, .
2

, , , , , .

- ,
(). .

. .
BAL EDTA.
.50-80% {1-3 }
5.
.

, , ,
.
.
1

, , , ,
.

. .
.20-50% {1-2 }

 ( )


2

, , , ,
.
.
.50-80% {1-3 }
6.
.

(AsH3, As).
.
1

, , , .

, .

.
...0-20%
2

, , , , , ,
, .

,


.
...20-67% {1-2 }
3
, . .
;

, ,
.
...67% {2-3 }
7. ,
.

.
. .
1

, , , .


.
....0-50% {1 }

38273

38274

( )


2

, ,
.

.
....67% {2 }
8.
.
clearence ,
. .
.
1

,
, . , , ,
.

.
......35% {6 }
2

, ,
.

.
.....35-50% {1-2 }
3

.

, .
.....67-80% {2-3 }
9.
.

, .
(, ).
(, , ,
), , .
.
1


.
.....
2

 ( )


,
.


.
......20-50%
3
. ,
.

. .
......67-80%
10.
.

.
.
.
. . , , ,
, ,
, , .
1
. , , ,
.

. .
.....
2

.
.....
3
, .
.

.
......50-67%
11. -
.

, , , ,
(
). , ,
, , , , .
.
1
, , .

38275

38276

( )



.
.
4
......5-20%
2
, , .

.
( )35-67%
12.
.
, , ,
, , ( ), .
. .
( , ,
).
.
1
, , , ,
.


.
...10-50% { 6 -1 }
2
. .

.
.....50-67% { 1-2 }
3
, .
...80%
13. (, , )
.

,
. .
,
.
, .
.
DNA .
.

.
.

 ( )


1

.
...0-35%
, .
.
2
, .
....67-80%
14. (, )
.
,
, , .
(V, VI, VIII, IX XII)
V . ,
.
.
.
1
, , .
..
2
.....35-50% {1 }
15.
.
: )
. )
. ) .

.
, , .
. .
.

.

.
, .
.

.
.
1
, , , .
...... 35%
. .
2
......35-50%

38277

38278

( )


3
, , .
......67-80%
16.
.
,
.
. , ,
, .
.
.
.
1
, , (
).
..
2
.
......50-80%
17.
.
, , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, .
.
18 .
.
, , , (, , ,
). , ,
.
.
1
, , , , .
..
2
, , .
...35-50% {1-2 }
3
, .
...50-67%
18.
.
.
.
.
.
1

 ( )


. , .
..
2
(, )
...50-80%
2
19. -- -

.
.
(
). - , , ,
. , , ,
. , ,
.
. ,
Heinz.
.
1
, , , , .
..
, , .
..50-67% {6 -1 }
20.
.
.
.
, .
,
.
2,4- .
, .
, , , .
.
,
. ,
.
.
1
, , , .
..
...50-80% {1 }
2
. ( ).
...35-50% {1 }
1

38279

38280

( )


.
.

.
.
....50-67% {6 -1 }
2


, .
21.
.
10 )
5.500 .

.

.
,
.
2
.
.
1
.
..
, , , , .
.

.
..50% {6 -1 }
3

...67-80%
22. -
.

. ,

, .
.
40 DB 1000, 2000 3000 z.
4000 z,
,
.

 ( )


.. .
23.
.

8 10 m2
.

.
.


. ,
, , ,
.

.
.
.
... 35%
2

.
...50-67% {2 }
3
, , . / : . A,B,C.
: . :
.

- (
). .
..80% {3 }
.50-67% {2 }

, . . . /
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38281

38282

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38283

38284

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38285

38286

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...: 8, .: 210 8220885, 210 8222924, 210 5279050.

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