Avertissement : la présente publication n’engage que ses auteurs et en aucun cas la Commission européenne ni la DGDProduit avec le cofinancement dela Commission européenne et de la DGD
Projet ONG-ED « Politiques agro-alimentaires et intégration régionale :pour une pratique de solidarité entre l’Europe et l’Afrique » (EuropeAid/124803/C/ACT/RUE)
Alex Danau Julie FlamentDaniel Van Der Steen
C
ollectif
S
tratégies
A
limentaires asbl Bruxelles2011
Quelles stratégies pouraméliorer le pouvoir de marchédes producteurs agricoles ?
Instruments mis à l’épreuve
2
Quelles stratégies pour améliorer le pouvoir de marché des producteurs agricoles ?
Préambule
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Le projet EuropAfrique
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Le Collectif Stratégies Alimentaires
(CSA)···········································4
La production de la publication
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Objectifs de la publication
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I. Introduction
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Le faible Pouvoir de marché des producteurs agricoles
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Les stratégies pour accroitre le pouvoir de marché des producteurs
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Structure de la publication
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II. Les stratégies permettant d’accroître le pouvoir de marché des producteurs agricoles
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A. La gestion de l’offre
··························································10Définition et objectifs de la gestion de l’offre ······································10Instruments de gestion de l’offre ·················································10Conditions de mise en œuvre ····················································10Instruments associés à la gestion de l’offre ········································11Avantages de la gestion de l’offre ················································11Critiques et limites de la gestion de l’offre ·········································12Historique de la gestion de l’offre ················································17La gestion de l’offre au sein de la PAC européenne ··································17Le régime des quotas laitiers en Belgique (région wallonne) ··························25Le régime des quotas laitiers en Italie ·············································26La gestion de l’offre pour l’oignon au Sénégal ·······································29
B. La mise en marché collective par les producteurs
·································31Définition et objectifs de la mise en marché collective ·······························31Conditions de mise en œuvre ····················································31Instruments de mise en marché collective ·········································31Instruments complémentaires ····················································32Avantages de la mise en marché collective ·········································32Inconvénients et difficultés de la mise en marché collective ··························33La mise en marché collective pour les fruits et légumes dans l’Union européenne ·········38Propositions de la Commission européenne relatives à la mise en marché collectivedans le secteur du lait ························································41Le système de mise en marché collective du lait au Canada ···························44Mise en marché collective du lait au Kenya : la coopérative Muki ·······················47Mise en marché collective au Sénégal : exemple de l’arachide ··························49Mise en marché collective au Mali : exemple des céréales ·····························51Mise en marché collective en Belgique : la coopérative Faircoop ························51
C. La production contractuelle
····················································53Définition et objectifs de la production contractuelle ································53Instruments de production agricole contractuelle ···································54
Instruments mis à l’épreuve
3
Avantages de la contractualisation ···············································55Risques associés à la production contractuelle ······································56Historique de la contractualisation ···············································58Contractualisation en Belgique : exemple de la pomme de terre ························60Contractualisation au Brésil : exemple de la volaille ··································63Contractualisation au Kenya : exemple des semences certifiées ························65Contractualisation en Ouganda : exemple de la pomme de terre ························66Contractualisation au Sénégal : exemple de l’arachide ································68
D. Différentiation des produits
(labels)············································69Définition et objectifs de la différenciation des produits ······························6Instruments de différenciation des produits ········································68Avantages et limites de la différenciation des produits ·······························70Le système de certification de l’Union européenne ··································71Les labels en Belgique : exemples de la production biologique et des produits équitables ··75
E. Le raccourcissement de la chaîne commerciale
(ventes directes et par circuits courts)··80Définition et objectifs du raccourcissement de la chaîne commerciale ···················80Incitants à la mise en œuvre des circuits courts et de la vente directe ··················80Instruments du raccourcissement de la chaîne commerciale ···························81Avantages du raccourcissement de la chaîne commerciale ·····························83Conditions de mise en œuvre et contraintes ········································83Exemples de circuits courts en Belgique ···········································84Initiatives de circuits courts au Royaume-Uni ······································86
III. Evolution des stratégies selon le contexte politique
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Évolution dans l’Union européenne
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Évolution en Afrique
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IV. Elements de conclusion
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Analyse comparative des stratégies
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Implication des producteurs et des pouvoirs publics
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Bibliographie
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Articles et ouvrages
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Études de cas réalisées par les partenaires EuropAfrique
···························105Rapport du séminaire EuropAfrique « Accroître le pouvoir de marché des agriculteurs.Instruments et contraintes » ··················································106Publication EuropAfrique (année 1) ··············································106
Le programme EuropAfrique
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Lexique
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