Haisum | Section B | Artificial Intelligence Assignment 7 EXAMPLE OF EXPERT SYSTEM OSCAR, i.e.

On Scene Coordinator's Advisor for Responding is an Expert system designed to help taking decisions during incidents of sea-ship oil spills. Over 450 oil spills in almost 85 countries have been recorded in past thirty years [1]. Considerable experience has been gained through these spills and responses to them. OSCAR is designed to capture these rules and use them to provide useful information to tackle oil spill situations in form of expert system. It is also available as a prototype for training and educational purposes and may be retrieved from URL mentioned in [1]. WHY COMMON SENSE IS DIFFICULT TO AUTOMATE To understand why common sense is difficult to implement, we must first know what common sense actually is? According to Cambridge dictionaries, common sense can be defined as: The basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way [2] To live in reasonable way, one needs knowledge of various aspects which include understanding environment, natural language, knowledge of society, science, needs, goals and many more. So though it looks easier when using generalized term common sense but requires sophisticated knowledge to have it. Computers are instructed to perform tasks and are taught either by self-learning algorithms about specific domains or by defining rules or knowledge base. To make computers understand enough data to apply on common sense will be a difficult task to accomplish. Moreover it should be taught to continuously learn from society and produce perceptions and judgment from this knowledge. Therefore common sense is difficult to automate. MIND MAP Mind maps were invented by Tony Buzan [3]. It s a technique developed to take non-linear notes or organizing information by use of words, pictures, shapes and colors. An example of mind map may be:

Haisum | Section B | Artificial Intelligence Assignment 7 We can see how symbols, colors, pictures and text has been used in above image to make it more appealing, interesting and fun. Research conducted by [3] concludes that people taking mind maps as their note taking practice, have much better knowledge than regular note takers. A mind map may be defined as: Non-linear technique for mapping information, using words, pictures, shapes and colors, which is useful for capturing the output of brainstorming sessions. [4] EXPERT SYSTEM VS ROBOT An expert system has vast domain specific knowledge base and this base is increased with the span of time, by training expert system with new knowledge supplied by a knowledge expert. Because of huge knowledge and state space amount of processing power and learning capability in an expert system is generally much more than a robot has. A robot is trained to perform tasks with accuracy based on predefined algorithms or learning. Expert system is on other hand designed to propose solutions based on knowledge it acquires through training by a human expert. Thus a robot is different than an expert system.

Works Cited

[1] (2003) myacquire. [Online]. http://www.myacquire.com/aiinc/oscar/introduction.html [2] Cambridge Dictionaries. [Online]. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/common-sense [3] M. Jean. (2009, Feb.) Knowledge Board. [Online]. http://www.knowledgeboard.com/item/2980 [4] invitation2tender. [Online]. http://www.invitation2tender.com/Glossary_of_Tender_Terms.htm