4G Technology

Ankit Jain Saumya Jaiswal

M.I.T College of engineering, Pune, India Department of Information Technology Class: TE (IT) Email: ankit.jain1990@gmail.com Saumya11.jaiswal@gmail.com

Abstract The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems aims at providing a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video and high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems which will provide users with streamed multimedia on an anytime anywhere basis at data rates up to 1 Gbps. This paper provides an overall vision of the 4G, its features, technology used which includes use of IPV-6 and Advanced antennae systems, developments and applications, impact of 4G in todays market and the difference between 3G and 4G. 4G has found vast applications in Virtual navigation and Crisis management.

I. INTRODUCTION Mobile services were first introduced in 1940s.The I generation (1G) mobiles came into existence in 1960s which were analog systems. Then came the 2G which first appeared around the end of the 1980s, the2G system digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. This new digital system gave a lot better quality and much more capacity, all at a lower cost to the end consumer. After the 2G technology came the 3G. These systems promise faster communication services, entailing voice, fax and Internet data transfer capabilities. The aim of 3G is to provide these services any time, anywhere throughout the globe, with seamless roaming between standards. 3G technology supports around 144 Kbps, with high speed movement, i.e. in a vehicle, 384 Kbps locally, and up to 2Mbps for fixed stations, i.e. in a building. International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT Advanced), also known as 4G, 4th Generation or Beyond 3G, is the next technological strategy in the field of wireless communication. A 4G system will provide a secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at much higher data rates. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution, and Customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems, have

been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. At present 2G Technology (GSM) is widely used worldwide. The problem with 2G technology is that the data rates are limited. This makes it inefficient for Data Transfer applications like video conferencing, music or video downloads, etc. To increase the speed various new technologies have come into picture. The first is 2.5G (GPRS) technology that allows data transfer at a better rate than GSM and recently 3G (WCDMA/UMTS) technology has come into picture. The maximum theoretical data transfer with this 3G technology is 2Mbps (practically it could be a max of 384Kbps or even less). The 4G technology which is at its infancy is suppose to allow data transfer upto 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor. With 4G, a range of new services and models will be available. These services and models need to be further examined for their interface with the design of 4G systems. Following figure demonstrates the key elements and the seamless connectivity of the networks.

II.OBJECTIVES

The members of 4G working group has defined the objectives as: A. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site). B. High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell. C. A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R D. A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world E. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks. F. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks. G. High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc). H. Interoperability with existing wireless standards and I. An all IP, packet switched network.

IPV-6 support: Unlike 3G technology, which is based on packet switching and circuit switching techniques, 4G is based only on packet switching. This will require low latency data transmission. IPV-6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless enabled devices. Advanced Antenna systems: Nowadays many multiple antenna techniques are emerging to achieve the goal of 4G systems. Out of many transmission schemes proposed spatial multiplexing gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. Spatial multiplexing involves deploying multiple antennae at the transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the antennae. This increases the data rate into multiple folds with the number equal to minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennae. V.IMPACT OF 4G The evolution of 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile telecommunications technologies has been researched and written about ad infinitum. More recently, the topic of WiMAX, a particular 4G technology which promises to deliver 70 Mb/s data speeds over a 50 km radius, has been the focus of much attention and hype. With this new found credibility, manufacturers and network operators are looking again at the benefits promised by 4G technologies and they are starting to invest serious time and effort in developing fixed and mobile products which should be commercialized within the next three years. A survey of manufacturers conducted indicates that they are making plans and looking forward to use 4G technology.

III. FEATURES The 4G technology will be able to support Interactive services like Video Conferencing (with more than 2 sites simultaneously), Wireless Internet,etc. The bandwidth would be much wider (100 MHz) and data would be transferred at much higher rates. The cost of the data transfer would be comparatively very less and global mobility would be possible. The networks will be all IP networks based on IPv6. The antennas will be much smarter and improved access technologies like OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) will be used. Also the security features will be much better. According to the members of 4G working group, all the features from 2G to 4G will be inculcated in 4G. The infrastructure for 4G will be only packet-based (all-IP). Some proposals suggest having an open Internet platform. Technologies considered to be early 4G include: FlashOFDM, the 802.16e mobile version of WiMax and HCSDMA. The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private; operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. IV.TECHNOLOGY USED

VI.COMPARISION BETWEEN 3G AND 4G

and is planning on releasing the first commercial network in 2010. Major req uirement driving ar chitecture 3G (Including 2.5G , Sub3G) Predominantly voice driven; data was alway s add on area cellWide based 4G . B. Digiweb, an Irish fixed and wireless broadband company, has announced to receive a mobile communications license from the Irish Telecoms regulator, ComReg. This service will be issued the mobile code 088 in Ireland and will be used for the provision of 4G Mobile communications. Digiweb launched a mobile broadband network using FLASH-OFDM technology at 872 MHz. C. Telus and Bell Canada, the major Canadian cdmaOne and EV-DO carriers, have announced that they will be cooperating towards building a fourth generation (4G) LTE wireless broadband network in Canada. D. Verizon Wireless announced on September 20, 2007 that it plans a joint effort with the Vodafone Group to transition its networks to the 4G standard LTE. VIII.APPLICATIONS Most notable applications of 4G systems are in location based services. Following are certain applications: A. Virtual navigation: This application creates a remote database that contains graphical representations of streets, buildings, characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle, where a rendering program permits the occupants to visualize the environment ahead. They may also "virtually" see the internal layout of buildings to plan an emergency rescue, or to plan to engage hostile elements hidden in the building B. Tele-medicine: Through this technology, a victim of a traffic accident in a remote location could access paramedical assistance and establish a video conference so that a remotely based surgeon could provide on-scene assistance. At the same time the victims vital information could be sent back to the surgeon for further review. C. Crisis-management applications: In case of natural disasters where the entire communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring communications quickly is essential. With wideband wireless mobile communication both limited and complete communications capabilities, including Internet and video services, could be set up in a matter of hours.

Converged data and voice over IP Hybrid: Integra tion of wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wi de area 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode Higher frequen cy bands (2-8 GH z) 100 MHz (or m ore) All digital with packetized voice OFDM and MC -CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) Concatenated c oding scheme Smarter Antenn as, software multiband and wideband radios All IP (IPv6)

Network Architecture

Speeds

384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Dependent on c ountry or continent (1800 2400 MHz) 5-20 MHz

Frequency Band

Bandwidt h Switching Design Basis Access Te chnologies

Circuit and Pac ket W-CDMA, 1x RTT, Edge

Forward E rror Correcti on Compone nt Design

Convolutional r ate 1/2, 1/3 Optimized ante nna design, multi-band ada pters A number of ai r link protocols, including IP 5.0

IP

VII.DEVELOPMENTS A. The Japanese company NTT DoCoMohas been testing a 4G communication system prototype with 4x4 MIMO called VSF-OFCDM at 100 Mbits/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. In February 2007, NTT DoCoMo completed a trial in which they reached a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12x12 MIMO using a 100MHz frequency bandwidth while moving at 10 km/h

IX. LIMITATIONS Although the concept of 4G communications hows much promise, there are still limitations that ust be addressed. These are as follows: A. One major limitation is the operating area Although 2G networks are becoming more ubiquitous, there are still many areas not being served by existing wireless networks. This limitation of todays networks will carry over into future generations of wireless systems. B. The public must realize that although highspeed data communications will be delivered, it will not be equivalent to the wired Internet at least not at first. C. Another limitation is cost. The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still very expensive. Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that expenses are kept realistic. X. CONCLUSION As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. The upcoming 4G technology promises to achieve this standard which can be embraced world wide. This technology will contribute to sharing of resources between multiple users with less complexity. Future wireless networks will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. The fourth generation promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)a vision that affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless network. Thus it can be concluded that 4G technology will be the next technological revolution in the field of wireless network.

REFERENCES
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] www.howstuffworks.com www.whatis.com www.webopedia.com B. G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of 4G" 4G features by Jawad Ibrahim http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/ptech/03/08/4G.world.idg