Chronostratigraphic Charts

Chronostratigraphic charts, also called Wheeler diagrams after the geologist who initially formalized this time-stratigraphy concept in 1958, display both the horizontal distribution of the component sedimentary layers of a sequence and any significant hiatuses in sedimentation. This diagram is derived from sedimentary successions and is used to show the time relationships of both the depositional systems and system tracts, and their relationship to surfaces of non-deposition (Emery et. al, 1996). The basic units of the charts are "chronosomes", horizontal ribbons that represent sedimentary rock units bounded by time planes. Chronostratigraphic charts are best constructed from interpreted seismic sections and help understand how sedimentary sections develop through time. The horizontal axis of the chart matches the horizontal dimension of the seismic section and vertical axis represents time (see the above figure and the movie).

To Construct a Chronostratigraphic Chart:

Steps for extracting information from a seismic section to build a chronostratigraphic chart: 1. Carefully interpret the pseudo-seismic section by identifying and marking where reflector terminations intersect seismic surfaces. Identify the type of reflector terminations (onlap, downlap, toplap, and/or truncation). 2. Identify the system tracts and their bounding seismic surfaces (sequence boundaries (S.B.), the first transgressive surface, ravinement surfaces, condensed sections, and maximum flooding surfaces). Number the interpreted seismic reflectors in order of deposition, starting from oldest (numbered 1) to youngest (top reflector). 3. Transfer the numbered reflectors to a time-scale: a. The horizontal line matches the length of the pseudo seismic section or distance, with SP refering to "Shot Points" numbered 10 through 240. The vertical axis on the lower part of the diagram represents an arbitrary time line. The numbered time intervals, 1 through 30, are assumed to be of equal duration. b. Transfer the horizontal dimension of the interpreted reflectors, starting with oldest (numbered here as 1), to the bottom of the time chart. Draw this to match the horizontal length of the equivalent reflector. Mark up properties related to that reflector (type, geometry, facies, system tract info, SB type, etc., within the chronosome). Continue this process in order of deposition for all remaining reflectors. 4. The void space on the chart now represents areas of non-deposition, erosion, or condensation of the sedimentary section with thicknesses below the resolution of the seismic.

Chronostratigraphic Charts

UJIAN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SEMESTER GANJIL Soal 2

PERMASALAHAN Penampang terlampir merupakan yang diturnkan dari satu penampang seismic dan menunjukkan terminasi reflektor serta bidang-bidang kunci (termasuk system tracts)

INSTRUKSI Buat Chronostratigraphic Chat dan Relative Sea Level Curve dari Penampang PseudoSeismic Line

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TANDA TANGAN

Buat Chronostratigraphic Chat dan Relative Sea Level Curve dari Penampang Pseudo-Seismic Line