Description

This manual provides technical specifications and procedural guidance for surveying and mapping with the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS). It is intended for use by engineering, planning, operations, real estate, and construction personnel performing georeferenced feature mapping or accurate control surveys for civil works and military construction projects. Procedural and quality control standards are defined to establish Corps-wide uniformity in the use of GPS by hired-labor personnel, construction contractors, and Architect-Engineer (A-E) contractors.

Contents:

* Chapter 1 Introduction [ Purpose ~ Applicability ~ Distribution ~ References ~ Background ~ Use of Manual ~ Scope of Manual ~ Life Cycle Project Management Applicability ~ Metrics and Accuracy Definitions ~ Trade Name Exclusions ~ Abbreviations and Terms ~ Mandatory Requirements ~ Governing Engineer Regulations and Related Standards ~ Proponency and Waivers ]
* Chapter 2 Operational Theory of NAVSTAR GPS [ General ~ Global Positioning System (GPS) Overview ~ NAVSTAR GPS Program Background ~ NAVSTAR System Configuration ~ GPS Broadcast Frequencies and Codes ~ GPS Broadcast Messages and Ephemeris Data ~ GPS Status and Problem Reporting ~ GPS User Operating and Tracking Modes ~ Absolute GPS Positioning Techniques ~ Differential or Relative GPS Positioning Techniques ~ NAVSTAR GPS Modernization Initiatives (2003-2014) ]
* Chapter 3 GPS Reference Systems [ General ~ Geodetic Coordinate Systems ~ WGS 84 Reference Ellipsoid ~ Horizontal Datums and Reference Frames ~ Transforming between Horizontal Survey Datums ~ Orthometric Elevations ~ WGS 84 Ellipsoidal Heights ~ Orthometric Height and WGS 84 Ellipsoidal Elevation Relationship ~ Geoid Undulations and Geoid Models ~ North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) ~ Using GPS to Densify Orthometric Elevations ~ GPS Vertical Site Calibration ~ GPS Time References ]
* Chapter 4 GPS Absolute Positioning Determination Concepts, Errors, and Accuracies [ General ~ Absolute Point Positioning ~ GPS Absolute Position Solution Process–Pseudoranging ~ GPS Point Positioning Accuracies ~ Positional Accuracy Statistics–Root Mean Square ~ GPS Range Error Budget ~ User Equivalent Range Error ~ Satellite Geometry Effects on Accuracy–Geometrical Dilution of Precision ~ Resultant Positional Accuracy of Point Positioning ~ Chapter 5 ~ Differential or Relative Positioning Determination Concepts ~ General ~ Differential Positioning Concepts ~ Differential Positioning (Code Pseudorange Tracking) ~ Differential Positioning (Carrier Phase Tracking) ~ Carrier Phase Survey Techniques ~ Real-time Kinematic (RTK) GPS ~ Differential GPS Error Sources ~ Differential GPS Accuracies ~ Differential GPS Augmentation Systems ]
* Chapter 6 GPS Applications in USACE [ General ~ Project Control Densification ~ Facility Site Plan Topographic Mapping and GIS Surveys ~ Shallow Wetland Mapping ~ Flood Control Projects–Levee Assessments ~ Navigation Project Survey Vessel and Dredge Control ~ Hydraulic and Hydrology Studies ~ Structural Deformation Surveys ~ Construction Stakeout and Grading ~ Coastal Engineering Surveys ~ Photogrammetric Mapping Control ]
* Chapter 7 GPS Receiver and Equipment Selection [ General ~ Types of GPS Receivers ~ GPS Receiver Selection Considerations ~ Military Grade GPS Receivers ~ GPS Receiver Manufacturers ~ Other Auxiliary Equipment ~ Resource Grade GIS Mapping Receivers ~ Common Data Exchange Formats ~ GPS Training and Operation Manuals ~ Guide Specifications for Procuring Geodetic Quality GPS Receivers ]
* Chapter 8 Planning Data Collection with GPS [ Scope ~ General Planning Considerations for GPS Surveys ~ Project Control Function and Accuracy ~ Selection of a GPS Survey Technique ~ Planning Differential Code Phase GPS Surveys ~ Field Reconnaissance for GPS Surveys ~ Technical Criteria for Carrier Phase GPS Horizontal Control Surveys ~ Recommended Static Baseline Occupation Times for