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Electro Cardiogram

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. The ECG signal is an electrical signal generated by the hearts beating, which can be used as a diagnostic tool for examining some of the functions of the heart. It has a principal measurement range of 0.5 to 4 mV and signal frequency range of 0.01 to 250 Hz.

Waveforms And Intervals

EKG Leads
Leads are electrodes which measure the difference in electrical potential between either. Positions: Two different points on the body (bipolar leads) One point on the body and a virtual reference point with zero electrical potential, located in the center of the heart (unipolar leads)

ECG Amplifier
Requirements: Differential input. Adjustable gain: 200 2,000. Band pass filter. Minimize 60 Hz noise (called power line noise).

Description of AD620
A low cost, high accuracy instrumentation amplifier. Ideal for use in precision data acquisition systems. The low noise and low power of the AD620 make it well suited for medical applications, such as ECG and noninvasive blood pressure monitors.

AD 620
Electrical Features: Gain set with one external resistor (Gain range 1 to 10,000). Wide power supply range (2.3 V to 18 V). Low power, 1.3 mA max supply current. Low input offset voltage, 50 V max. 100 dB min Common-mode rejection ratio (G = 10).

Properties of electric signal on screen: AC signal with bandwidth of 0.05 to 100 Hz, sometimes up to 1 kHz. About 1 mV peak-to-peak amplitude External noise at higher frequencies 60 Hz interference called power line noise. Common-mode voltages (common to all electrodes)

Other noise or higher frequencies within the biophysical bandwidth come from: Movement artifacts that change the skinelectrode interface. Muscle contraction or electromyographic spikes Respiration Electromagnetic interferences Noise from other electronic devices that couple into the input.

Schematic of ECG Amplifier

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